UNITED 3

Student Book Christopher Wenger

Student Book Christopher Wenger

Student Book Director of Marketing: Brian Romeo Managing Editor: Karen Clevidence Copyright © 2023 Green Mountain Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of Green Mountain Education, including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Materials adapted with permission from Connected (Knowledge Transmission Ltd. ©2015). For rights/permissions inquiries, please contact: Green Mountain Education 762 Mount Pleasant St. Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA [email protected] For sales/distribution inquiries, please contact: Green Mountain Education Basilio Badillo #820 Col. La Huerta Guadalajara, Jalisco 44370 Mexico [email protected] Cover design: Jesus Manuel Beltran Quintero Interior design: Linda Punskovsky Page layout: Jesus Manuel Beltran Quintero Credits and permissions are listed on the inside back cover and are considered a continuation of the copyright page. Series information and instructor/learner support materials available at: www.greenmountaineducation.com/united-program ISBN: 978-1-64763-102-4 Printed in Mexico 1 2 3 4 5 — 26 25 24 23 22

Student Book TABLE OF CONTENTS SCOPE & SEQUENCE.......................................................................................................................................................................... ii USEFUL CLASSROOM LANGUAGE.......................................................................................................................................iv UNIT 1 FREE TIME ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................................................................1 UNIT 2 WHO DID IT?..............................................................................................................................................................8 UNIT 3 IN THE OLD DAYS................................................................................................................................................15 UNIT 4 EDUCATION.............................................................................................................................................................22 PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 1–4 ............................................................................................................29 UNIT 5 ON VACATION.........................................................................................................................................................31 UNIT 6 THE WORLD WE'LL LIVE IN.......................................................................................................................38 UNIT 7 A DAY OUT................................................................................................................................................................45 UNIT 8 MY PLANS MIGHT CHANGE.....................................................................................................................52 PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 5–8 ...........................................................................................................59 UNIT 9 TECHNOLOGY........................................................................................................................................................61 UNIT 10 THE BEST SIGHTS..............................................................................................................................................68 UNIT 11 HAVE YOU EVER?...............................................................................................................................................75 UNIT 12 MY RÉSUMÉ............................................................................................................................................................82 PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 9–12 .........................................................................................................89 Audio Files, Videos, and Online Workbook and Lexical Lists available on the Pronunciation Lab United Companion site: available on the United Platform site: www.greenmountaineducation.com/ united-companion-sites gme-united.learnsocial.online

UNITED 3 SCOPE & SEQUENCE UNIT FREE TIME ACTIVITIES VOCABULARY CONVERSATION GRAMMAR Leisure activities Simple past: Irregular verbs 1 People talking about the fun activities they did over the weekend WHO DID IT? Clues Someone talking about a Simple past: Question forms 2 missing item Conjunctions: and, but, and or IN THE OLD DAYS Activities from the past Talking about changes Habitual actions in the past over time with used to 3 EDUCATION Fields of study Talking to a college-age Past continuous Milestones child about his education Before, after, while, when 4 PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 1–4 ON VACATION Months of the year One person asking Future with be going to: Seasons another about statements and questions 5 Vacation activities vacation plans Future with will for predictions THE WORLD WE'LL Environment Discussing life in the future 6 LIVE IN A DAY OUT Preparing for outings Talking about going to an Zero conditional with if, when, 7 amusement park unless MY PLANS MIGHT Conditions that affect Talking about weekend First conditional with may, outcomes and choices plans might, could, will probably 8 CHANGE PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 5–8 TECHNOLOGY Gadgets Trying to impress Comparative adjectives with -er Describing gadgets someone with a new Comparative adjectives with 9 gadget more THE BEST SIGHTS Tourist attractions Giving recommendations Superlative adjectives with -est 10 to a person visiting a Superlative adjectives with the different city most HAVE YOU EVER? Dangerous or adventurous Discussing adventurous Present perfect with ever and activities 11 activities never MY RÉSUMÉ Work experience Discussing a job Present perfect with for and Personal qualities application and since 12 qualifications Present perfect with already and yet PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 9–12 ii

UNITED 3 SCOPE & SEQUENCE READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING Timed out People talking about what they Saying what you did over the Writing about what you did on did over the weekend weekend your last vacation Who broke the vase? People talking about something Describing what happened Preparing a list of questions to Music, then and now that is missing or that has solve a problem changed Comparing your life now with People talking about how they Talking about what you or a another's in the past used to do things family member used to do Studying abroad: Is it for you? People talking about important Talking about making plans Writing about what you were influences and decisions doing at this time last year Sights to see People talking about what they Talking about what you are Writing about what you are going to do this weekend are going to do on vacation going to do on vacation The future of medicine is tiny People talking about how life Talking about what life will be Writing about how the world will be in the future like in the future will change in 100 years Twelve simple rules to live by Friends making plans to go Talking about making plans Writing advice and listing rules somewhere fun Don’t let it get you down People talking about weekend Talking about weekend plans Writing about what you will do plans and what might change and what might change tomorrow Technology: Good or bad? People comparing their new Talking about replacing an Writing about how your life gadget with an older version older item with a new one changed because of technology The most interesting places People talking about places Talking about interesting places Writing about why you would that are interesting to them like to visit different places Daring work People talking about Talking about things you’ve Writing about being adventurous activities done or want to try adventurous or not Interview don’ts People talking about Talking about why you are Writing about a dream job qualifications during a job qualified for a position interview   iii

USEFUL CLASSROOM LANGUAGE Asking for Help Giving Opinions Excuse me. / Sorry. I think he’s / she’s right. I think you’re / they’re right. I don’t understand. This / That answer is better. I think we’re done. Can you help me, please? Agreeing I didn’t hear you. Yes, exactly. How do you say in English? Of course. Me too. / Me neither. How do you spell ? I think so. That’s true. What does mean? You’re / He’s / She’s / They’re right. I agree with you / him / her / them. Checking and Clarifying Disagreeing (Politely) What did you say? I don’t think so. Can you say that again? I don’t think that’s right. I’m sorry, but I don’t agree. Did you say ? I’m not sure about that. Which activity are we doing? Giving Encouragement What are we supposed to do? Good answer! Great job! What’s the answer to number [one]? Well done! That was interesting / very good / fantastic! What do you think? Showing Appreciation Pair and Group Work Thanks. / Thank you. Do you have a partner? Thanks a lot. / Thank you very much. Would you like to work together? I really appreciate it. I need a partner. That was very nice of you. I don’t have a group. Can you check my answers? Taking Turns Do you want to go first? Do you want to do number [one]? Do you want me to start? I’ll go after you. iv

UNIT 1 FREE TIME ACTIVITIES UNIT Vocabulary Listening Leisure activities People talking about what they did over the GOALS weekend Conversation People talking about the fun activities they Speaking did over the weekend Saying what you did over the weekend Grammar Writing Simple past: Irregular verbs Writing about what you did on your last vacation Reading Timed out 1

Vocabulary  |  Leisure activities A | Listen and repeat. get together with friends go to the gym go biking go to the park go out to eat have coffee with friends go shopping have fun/a good time go to a baseball game see a movie B | Look at the pictures. Write the correct words to complete the sentences. eat gym movie shopping time 1 234 5 Last night we I saw a __________ They went I went to the We had a good went out to this weekend with _____________ on __________ before ___________ at the ___________. my family. Sunday. work yesterday. lake last summer. C | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1 23 We got into / around / My brother and I went to a She went to the gym / movie / together / inside with friends baseball game / track / win / baseball game / park to read. on Friday night. sport last month. 4 5 Yesterday I had time / a movie / coffee / together with We went shopping / to a baseball game / biking / friends after school. out to eat on our last vacation. 2  UNIT 1

D | Listen and practice saying the sentences in B and C. E |  What did your classmates do yesterday? Say a sentence. Your classmate will say true or false. Brian went Chris went ziplining. swimming. True. False. Conversation A | Read and listen to the conversation. Luna What did you do this weekend? Ken On Friday night, I went out to eat with my family. Luna I went shopping with my sister. She visited us this weekend. Ken Great! What did you do Saturday? Luna We got together with some of her friends. Ken I went to the gym in the morning, and I went to a baseball game Saturday evening. Luna We stayed home Saturday evening. Ken Did you have fun? Luna Actually, no, I didn’t. My aunt had dinner with us. And I had to look at all the photos from her vacation. Ken You’re right. Looking at other people’s photos is not fun…not at all! Luna That’s for sure. But Sunday we went to the park and had a fun picnic. We even took lots of great photos. Ken That’s a great way to finish the weekend. Luna Hey, I have the photos from our picnic on my phone. Here…take a look. B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Luna’s sister lives with her. 2 ___ Luna’s aunt visited her family Saturday evening. 3 ___ Ken doesn’t like to look at other people’s photos. C | Practice the conversation with a partner. FREE TIME ACTIVITIES  3

Grammar  |  Simple past: Irregular verbs A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Affirmative and Negative Statements I saw the movie at the theater. I didn’t see it at home. He didn’t have dinner at home. We had dinner at an Italian restaurant. She went to Thailand two weeks ago. She didn’t go to Vietnam. I read a mystery novel. I didn’t read a science fiction novel. They made pies for my birthday. They didn’t make cakes. I didn’t get up early on Saturday. I got up really late. Questions Answers Did you eat pizza for dinner? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. What did you do last weekend? I ate delicious seafood with my family. Where did you go on your vacation? I went to Australia. B | Write the simple past of the verbs in parentheses. 3 12 A What did you do last night? A Did Emily go to college in A Where did they see the movie? B I ______________ (have) California? B They _____________ (see) it at dinner with my friends. B No, she didn’t. She ___________ the theater near their house. (go) to school in New York. 4 56 A Did you get together with A What did Mike do yesterday? A Did you meet your friends at your family for your birthday? the party? B He ________________ B No, we ________________ (make) dinner for his family. B Yes, I did. I _______________ (not get) together because I (meet) my college friends. was out of town. C | Look at the conversation on page 3. Underline all the simple past verbs. D | Take turns asking and answering the questions with a partner. I saw my cousins yesterday. • Who did you see yesterday? • Where did you go last weekend? • What did you eat for dinner last night? • When did you get up this morning? 4  UNIT 1

Reading A | Read and listen. Timed out How many hours a week do you think people should work? Do you believe that employers should give workers paid vacation time? How people answer those questions often depends on where they live. Many countries require that employers give workers paid time off. The government of Austria makes employers give workers 35 days off a year (13 public holidays and 22 vacation days). Austrians also work fewer hours than people in some other countries. The average Austrian employee works 1,330 hours a year, or around 25 hours a week. Other countries, however, don’t require employers to give paid time off at all. In the USA, for example, there is no paid time off requirement. In fact, 1 in 4 Americans don’t get any paid time off of work. Americans also work more than many other countries. Americans work an average of 1,797 hours a year (around 34.5 hours a week). Employees need time to relax and time with their families. This helps them perform better at work. So if you have a choice of where to live and work, you might consider moving to a country with a good vacation time policy and fewer working hours. B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Some countries don’t give any paid time off at all. 4 ___ Employees need time for themselves. 2 ___ Austria gives employees 35 days off a year. 5 ___ Austrians typically work 35 hours a week. 3 ___ America guarantees 30 days off a year. 6 ___ Americans typically work fewer than 30 hours a week. Listening A | Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ___ b ___ c ___ d ___ B | Listen again. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1 a They met for breakfast / lunch yesterday. 3 a They went camping for a week / the weekend. b The restaurant only accepted / didn’t accept b At first the weather was nice / cloudy. c Then it got cold / started to rain. credit cards. c She got her ID / went to the bank and came back. 4 a She did some errands / went for a walk yesterday. b First she bought a newspaper / cup of coffee. 2 a They saw a scary movie / children’s movie last c Then she made a phone call / went to the park. weekend. b It was about a monster in a lake / a big city. c The actors / special effects were fantastic. FREE TIME ACTIVITIES  5

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. What did you do this morning after OR What did you do last weekend? you got up? Use words like first, Describe what happened. Use next, and then. irregular verbs in the simple past. EXPRESS YOURSELF! First I got out of bed. Next, On Saturday I got together I walked to the kitchen and with my friends. The weather was terrible, so we went bowling. made some coffee. We had a lot of fun! I took a shower and got dressed. Last Sunday I didn’t get up Then I checked my work email early. I stayed in bed until 9:30. and my calendar for the day. I love Sundays! B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. What did you do after What did you eat for Where did you go that that? breakfast? afternoon? 6  UNIT 1

Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner. My last vacation was over the holiday season. I drove to my cousin’s house, and our families spent time together. I took some of the children to see holiday decorations. Then, we went out to dinner and stayed up late. We got up early one day to go skiing. I took a lesson from a ski instructor. We watched a couple of movies together, too. It was a relaxing trip. • Where did the writer go? • Did the writer have a good time? How do you know? • Does this vacation sound fun to you? Why or why not? B |  Write about what you did on your last vacation. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you. EXPRESS YOURSELF! I went... Myltaawltsaottsmsthueovmnaetmchneadsrt.aoiogfnol.awsats…year. tohovikeMirnisagemainisttfohoevritsmihtoeumnfyitracstionutssi.mines.. It was a(n)… ffmuaennmtaorsatibcle ..e.vxaccitaintgion FREE TIME ACTIVITIES  7

UNIT 2 WHO DID IT? UNIT Vocabulary Listening Clues People talking about something that is GOALS missing or that has changed Conversation Speaking Someone talking about a missing item Describing what happened Writing Grammar Preparing a list of questions to solve a Simple past: Question forms problem Conjunctions: and, but, and or 8 Reading Who broke the vase?

Vocabulary  |  Clues A | Listen and repeat. close missing open the same color as locked a different color busy put it here sick put it over there B | Look at the pictures. Write the correct words to complete the sentences. 12 3 The window was open / closed / She was very late / early / busy / The door was open / missing missing / locked and the sky was crowded yesterday afternoon but / opened / locked and I didn’t bright. she finished everything. have the key. 4 56 My boss was early / sick / My brother was late and forgot I put / showed my bag here, missing / opening, but he stayed to close / buy / open / move but it’s gone now. at work. the door. 10 789 The chair is a different I went to the shelf and one She came home from the The cat was the same color than / the same book is there / missing. trip and put her bag over color as / a different color as the wall. / under there. color than the dog. WHO DID IT?  9

C |  Listen and practice saying Your hair is Your glasses the sentences in B. the same color are a different color D |  Work with a partner. Make as mine. than mine. sentences about things around you using the vocabulary in A. Conversation A | Read and listen to the conversation. Matt That was a great birthday party. Briana It was lots of fun, but now I’m exhausted. Matt Me too. I’m just going to put all the cups over there on the table, and then I’m going to bed. Briana I love the new shoes you got me. They’re the same color as the necklace Nadia gave me. Matt Hey, Briana, my new wallet is missing. Briana Where did you leave it? Matt I left it here on the table. Briana Why did you leave it on the table? Matt I always leave it on the table. Briana When was the last time you saw it? Matt Karen was next to the table, and I gave her a piece of your birthday cake. I looked at the Briana clock on the table. It was 10:00 p.m. Matt Did you see your wallet then? Briana Yes. I saw it then. Matt Who else did you notice near the table? Briana A little later, Ken and Thomas put their drinks on the table. Matt Were their drinks near your wallet? Briana No. I saw their drinks on the table, but I didn’t see my wallet. Matt Maybe it fell on the floor, or maybe you put it in your pocket. Briana It’s not on the floor, and it’s not in my pocket. Did you see my wallet on the table? No. I only saw a small box of gum on the table, and that was why I put it here in the desk. Matt See. Here it is. Briana That’s it! That’s my new wallet. Matt What? I lost my old wallet yesterday and I made that box my new wallet! B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ It was Matt’s birthday. 2 ____ The last time Matt saw his wallet was 10:00 pm. 3 ____ Ken and Thomas put the cake on the table. 4 ____ Briana put a box in the desk. C | Practice the conversation with a partner. 10  UNIT 2

Grammar  |  Simple past: Question forms A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Questions Answers Who was in the room with you? My brother was (in the room with me). What did he do after dinner? He went to bed. When did he get home? He got home late at night. Where did she go? She went to the grocery store. Why was he in the house? I don’t know. Was she here yesterday? No, she wasn’t. She was sick. Did he see anyone in the room? Yes, he did. He saw his grandmother. B | C omplete the questions and answers. Use the words below. Some words are used more than once. did were didn't when was where wasn't why 1 A ________________ ________________ you last night? B I ________________ at the library. 2 A ________________ Jane go to the library with you? B No, she ________________. 3 A ______________ ______________ you see the man with the black hat? B I saw him early in the morning. 4 A ________________ he alone? B No, he ________________. 5 A ________________ ________________ she come home so late? B Because she ________________ busy at work. Grammar  |  Conjunctions: and, but, and or And is used to link two similar ideas. C | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. He went home and went to sleep. Conjunctions But is used to link two different I put my bag on the desk over there, and I went to class. ideas. He got home, and the door was open. I called my mom, but she didn’t She wasn’t at work yesterday, but she wasn’t sick. answer. I heard noise in the room, but nobody was there. Or is used to link alternative She went shopping. She had a large, blue bag, or maybe it was a small, red bag. ideas (choices). He wasn’t home that day. He was at work, or he was at the library. She’s at school or at the library. D | Complete each sentence with the correct conjunction. 1 The bus stopped, ________ a man got out. 2 I called the house, ________ nobody answered. 3 I couldn’t get inside the house. The doors were locked, ________ the windows were closed. 4 I can’t remember where I left my wallet. I think it’s in the house ________ at my office. 5 I heard an animal outside, ________ I couldn’t see anything. 6 I don’t know where my neighbors are. Maybe they moved, ________ they are on a long vacation. E | Look at the conversation on page 10. Underline the conjunctions and, but, and or. WHO DID IT?  11

Reading A | Read and listen. Who broke the vase? Sandra Oh no! Someone broke my favorite vase. There’s water everywhere, and these flowers are dead. Ryan When did it happen? Sandra Well, the vase was fine before I went to the store an hour ago. Katherine I was upstairs reading. But I did hear a noise downstairs. Who else was in the house? Javier When did you go upstairs? I was outside cutting the grass, but you were in the kitchen when I went out. Katherine I went upstairs about half an hour ago, after I fed the cat. The vase was fine when I went upstairs. Ryan I was at work. Sandra and I got home at the same time. Javier So downstairs was empty for the last fifteen minutes, but someone broke the vase. Who could have broken the vase? Katherine Where is the cat? Sandra She ran outside when I opened the door with the groceries. Look, there are her wet footprints. Javier Well, we should clean up this mess before someone steps on glass, or tracks water through the house. Who do you think broke the vase? B | Complete the sentences. Write Sandra, Katherine, Javier, or Ryan. 1 ____________ was at the store. 4 ____________ was at work. 2 ____________ was upstairs reading. 5 ____________ fed the cat. 3 ____________ was cutting the grass. 6 ____________ let the cat outside. Listening A | Listen. Write the number of the conversation next to the picture. One picture is not used. a ___ b ___ c ___ d ___ B | Listen again. Choose the correct answers. Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3 1 What happened at the corner of 3 Where did the man lose 5 Who paid for half of the broken Oak Street? his money? computer? a A car crashed into a building. a He left it in the store. a The man’s mother. b A car crashed into another car. b He left it at the ATM. b The man’s boss. c A car crashed into a tree. c He left it in the taxi. c The man’s friend. 2 Why did the driver walk away 4 How will they get money 6 When will he get the loan? from the accident? now? a It will take a week to process a He was afraid of getting a ticket. a They will use the woman’s the application. b He was confused. money. b It will take two weeks to c He didn’t want to talk to the b They can use his credit process the application. reporter. card. c It will take a month to process c They will get a loan. the application. 12  UNIT 2

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. Talk about something you lost or Say a riddle or tell a joke using a OR question and answer. broke in the past. EXPRESS YOURSELF! One time I lost my wallet. I have a joke for you. What has I left it on a park bench. I four legs but can’t walk? found it later, but all the A table! money was gone. The other day I broke a coffee Here’s a riddle. Why was 6 cup. It was my boss’s favorite cup. afraid of 7? Because 7 8 (ate) 9! I was so nervous, but she was OK about it. B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. Did you talk to the police What did you say to your Do you know any other about it? boss? jokes? WHO DID IT?  13

Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner. My flip flops are missing. I wore them at the pool. Where did I change into my sneakers? Which lifeguard was on duty? What time does the pool open tomorrow? What is the phone number of the pool office? Which friend was with me when I changed into my sneakers? • What did the writer lose? • What did the writer wear after she left the pool? • Do you think the writer will get her flip flops back? B |  Try to solve a problem by writing a list of questions that might help you find a solution or answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you. EXPRESS YOURSELF! MMysauyicsrnebegmalllmaisgpssihssi/nsoeigpnnsa.egs. /spkoertys/ / pIjhardeoconpknoeer’ttct..khnaorwgewrh. ere I put my… watch WhllalaaessrsttetsuhwasaaweddsitIiittw//h/tehtthnehemeI…mm? ?? 14  UNIT 2

UNIT 3 IN THE OLD DAYS UNIT Vocabulary Listening Activities from the past People talking about how they used to do GOALS things Conversation Speaking Talking about changes over time Talking about what you or a family member used to do Grammar Writing Habitual actions in the past with used to Comparing your life now with another's in the past Reading Music, then and now 15

Vocabulary  |  Activities from the past A | Listen and repeat. dial a rotary phone listen to records rent videotapes go to drive-in movies look things up in an encyclopedia use a card catalog at the library go to a video game arcade play hide-and-seek watch cartoons have only three TV channels play music on cassettes write letters to pen pals B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1 234 My mother used to ____ My parents used to ____ People used to ____ to They used to ____ after dark. in other countries. every weekend. find information. a play music on cassettes a play hide-and-seek a rent videotapes a play music on cassettes b go to drive-in movies b rent videotapes b write letters to pen pals b use a card catalog at c use a card catalog at the c write letters to pen pals c go to drive-in movies the library library c rent videotapes 5 6 8 7 My sister and I used to My grandmother used to We used to ____ when we When he was a kid, he used ____ when we were little. ____. She made mixtapes wanted to talk to someone. to ____ every Saturday. a play hide-and-seek with her favorite songs. b rent videotapes a rent videotapes a dial a rotary phone a go to a video game arcade c write letters to pen pals b play music on cassettes c write letters to pen pals b go to a video game b have only three TV 9 arcade channels 10 c listen to records c watch cartoons 11 12 Back then, everyone used My brother used to ____ At school, students used In the old days, people to ____. every morning before to ____. used to ____. breakfast. a watch cartoons a watch cartoons a go to a video game a dial a phone number arcade b go to a video game b have only three TV arcade b watch cartoons channels b only have three TV channels c listen to records c listen to records c look things up in an encyclopedia c listen to records 16  UNIT 3

C | Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. D | Talk about the activities in A. How is life different now? Tell a partner. Most people don’t listen to records now. They listen to music online or on their phone. Conversation A | Read and listen to the conversation. Ana I love looking at old photos! Hugo Look at this old TV. It’s my grandparents.’ Ana Oh, wow. They didn’t use to have hundreds of channels like today. Hugo They used to have only three TV channels, and I used to watch cartoons on that TV. Ana Did your grandparents use to go to the drive-in movies? Hugo Yes. They didn’t have big theaters, and they used to look things up in an encyclopedia. Ana There wasn’t any internet like today. Hugo That’s for sure. Look at their phone in this photo. They used to have this big rotary phone. Ana No cell phones. No texting. Hugo Our grandparents really used to live a simple life. Ana Our grandparents really used to live a boring life! B | Choose the correct answers. 1 How many TV channels did their grandparents use to have? a 33 b3 2 Where did their grandparents use to watch movies? a in big theaters b in drive-ins 3 Which type of phone did their grandparents use to have? a rotary b cell C | Practice the conversation with a partner. IN THE OLD DAYS  17

Grammar  |  Habitual actions in the past with used to A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Habitual actions in the past with used to When I was a kid, I used to play hide and seek with my cousins. We used to have only three TV channels, but nowadays we have over 500. I didn’t use to like most vegetables, but I eat them all the time now. Did your grandparents use to have a black-and-white TV? What TV shows did they use to watch? B | Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences. 123 I use to / uses to / used to / use John didn’t uses to / use to / used Tomoko didn’t use to / used to / play video games all the time. to / use play golf. has / was eat vegetables when she was young. 4 56 Pietro didn’t use to / uses to / What did / do / are / have you Did they used to / use / used / used to / use watch TV. use to do with your friends? use to go to drive-in movies? C | Complete the sentences. Tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions. 1 When I was a baby, I used to When I was a _______________________________________. baby, I used to sleep 2 When my parents were children, they used to with a teddy bear. _______________________________________. 3 When I was twelve years old, I used to _______________________________________. 4 One hundred years ago, people used to _______________________________________. 18  UNIT 3

Reading A | Read and listen. Music, then and now Today, it is easy to get music. If you hear a song on the radio, you can use an app to find out the name of the song. You used to have to buy a CD or a cassette. Now you can download songs or listen to music on demand on several streaming services. This new way of listening to music has changed the music business. Musicians used to make more money. People used to buy the whole album. Musicians got part of the money. Now people listen online and artists get less money. It used to be harder to carry music around. All of the music was on CDs or cassettes, and you needed special players if you wanted to bring your music with you. Now you can listen to anything you want to on your phone or tablet, and you don't have to carry around CDs or cassettes. The way we access and listen to music has changed a lot, but we should try to make sure that artists get paid if we want them to keep making music that we love. B | Look at the items below. Choose Then or Now for the type of music technology. 1 Apps to find out the name of a song Then Now 2 Cassette tapes Then Now 3 Streaming music Then Now 4 Cassette player Then Now 5 CD player Then Now C |  How do you listen to music? How did you use to listen to I listen to music online music? Tell a partner. now. I used to listen to CDs. Listening A | Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. One picture is not used. a ___ b ___ c ___ d ___ B | Listen again. Who said it? Write the number of the speaker next to the sentence. 1 ___ I used to stand in a long line to check out. 4 ___ When I was at school, we didn’t have computers. 2 ___ It’s much faster and easier. 5 ___ That store is gone now. 3 ___ They were called LPs. 6 ___ Now, I download all my music onto my mobile phone. IN THE OLD DAYS  19

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. Talk about something you used to do when OR Talk about something a family member you were younger that you don’t do now. used to do in the past that he or she doesn’t do anymore. EXPRESS YOURSELF! I used to read every night When I was younger, I used before going to sleep. I’m not to do martial arts. I didn’t sure why I stopped. Now I like it. I only did because my just get on social media and mom made me. She finally let watch videos on my phone me stop when I turned 13. before bed. I should start reading again. My uncle used to travel a lot. My mom used to bake every He went all over the world. weekend. She made pies, cakes, But now he’s older. He has cookies, and other special treats. problems with his knees and But now she has to work weekends can’t move around very well. with her new job, so she doesn’t do that anymore. I miss it! B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. What do you like to What are some Do you like to bake read? places he traveled too? to? 20  UNIT 3

Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner. Life is very different now than it was when my grandparents were my age. For one, no one had cell phones back then. Some people didn’t even have a phone in their house! And most houses were smaller with only one bathroom. Now, a lot of houses have two or more bathrooms. These days, many families have two or more cars, but back then, most families only had one car. Times sure have changed since my grandparents were my age! • How does the writer say homes were different? • How many cars does the writer say most families used to have? • Have your parents or grandparents told you how life used to be for them? B |  How does your life now compare to your parents’ or grandparents’ lives when they were your age? Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you. EXPRESS YOURSELF! TchscmoerfreafedretwietTecsrVhaeso.nrpd’sts…e. verywhere. Plepuisaostpeyelenotnyutlpyoseetwwdhirteitthoer…carsad. sioh.. Thtcpehueseblelliipdnchtaosencyreson,osew.ttee. rhs.ave… IN THE OLD DAYS  21

UNIT 4 EDUCATION UNIT Vocabulary Reading Fields of study Studying abroad: Is it for you? GOALS Milestones Listening Conversation People talking about important influences Talking to a college-age child about his and decisions education Speaking Grammar Talking about making plans Past continuous Before, after, while, when Writing Writing about what you were doing at this 22  UNIT 4 time last year 22

Vocabulary  |  Fields of study A | Listen and repeat. biology education business administration engineering communications English computer science political science economics psychology B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1 23 After he studied ____, he got a job My mother worked as a secretary When I studied ____, we learned at a major corporation. while studying ____. about blood cells. a engineering a political science a education b biology b computer science b psychology c economics c engineering c biology d English d business administration d political science 4 5 6 While she studied ____ she worked Before I studied ____, I didn’t We read Shakespeare’s plays while at a television studio. understand the stock market. studying ____. a engineering a engineering a engineering b communications b economics b biology c computer science c education c English d education d environmental science d political scinece 78 9 10 After I studied ___, I could She met many wonderful I never thought about We learned about legal fix my laptop. students while she was dreams before I studied ___. systems while studying ___. a political science studying ___. a engineering a engineering b computer science b political science b biology c economics a education c computer science c political science d business administration d psychology d environmental science b psychology c biology d political science C | Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. EDUCATION  23

Milestones D | Listen and repeat. graduate from (university) return to my hometown study for my final exams look for a job study abroad travel around (Europe) E | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1 23 After I graduated from university, I I learned English when I studied _____. Before I left Europe, I traveled ___ by returned to my ____. train. a nationality c hometown a around c abroad b final exams d education b round d broad a around c outside 4 b inside d across 56 I began to ____ a job while I was still He studied for his ____ after he finished She was living in Australia when she studying business administration. working at the restaurant. ____ from university. a finish c look for a final exams c university a began c finished b study d know about b education d political science b left d graduated F | Listen and practice saying the sentences in E. G | Which of the fields of study in A are interesting to you? Tell a partner. Conversation A | Read and listen to the conversation. Carlos While I was studying for my final exams last week, I decided to take a year off from school and travel around Europe. Mother Hmmm. When I was growing up, students graduated from university first. Carlos Well, nowadays, after we graduate, we have to immediately look for a job. Mother Why don’t you take a short trip after you graduate but before you look for a job? Carlos Mom, my major is education. I should take a year off and travel around Europe. Mother Why? Carlos Think about it. After I live abroad for a year, I’m going to be a great teacher. Mother When I was finishing university, we had programs to study abroad. Carlos Hmm…study abroad. Mother While I was living in Mexico, I was part of a study abroad program. You could continue your studies while you travel around Europe. Carlos I like that idea. Mother That makes both of us! 24  UNIT 4

B | Read the sentences. Choose the correct answers. 1 Where does Carlos want to travel? a South America b Asia c Europe 2 How long does Carlos want to travel? a one month b six months c 12 months 3 What is Carlos’s major? a education b economics c engineering 4 What does Carlos’s mother suggest? a look for a job b study abroad c study economics C | Practice the conversation with a partner. Grammar  |  Past continuous A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Past continuous She was studying at lunch time. I was watching TV last night. We were taking the bus to Boston. You were talking on the phone at 10:00. They were looking for a job. He was getting ready for work in the morning. B | Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous form of the verb in the parentheses. 1 Maria ____________________________ dinner at 7:00. (eat) 2 Mark ____________________________ an exam when his phone rang. (take) 3 They ____________________________ their kids to school. (drive) 4 I ____________________________ my dog in the park. (walk) 5 We ____________________________ food at the grocery store. (buy) 6 Joanne and I ____________________________ for the final exam last night. (study) Before, after, while, when C | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Adverb clauses with before, after, while, when Before I look for a job, I want to travel around Europe for a few months. After I graduated from university, I returned to my hometown. While I was studying for my final exams, I fell asleep. He was talking on the phone when I arrived. D | Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 ___ I was studying computer science a I’m going to celebrate. 2 ___ You should start looking for a job b you should think about what kind of job you want. 3 ___ After I get a job, 4 ___ When I was a child, c I traveled all over Europe. 5 ___ While I was studying in France, d before you graduate from college. 6 ___ Before you graduate from college, e I wanted to be a police officer. f while I was in school. E |  Take turns asking and answering the questions At 9:30 last night with a partner. I was watching a sad show on TV. • What were you doing at 9:30 last night? • What do you want to do after you finish this class ? EDUCATION  25 • What were you thinking about when you woke up today?

Reading A | Read and listen. Studying abroad: Is it for you? Many people study abroad during high school or college. There are a lot of benefits to studying abroad. You can learn a lot about yourself, and you can learn skills that will help you later in life. Wanting to become fluent in a language is a great reason to study abroad. Many study abroad programs are immersive. You’ll get more out of it and be less frustrated if you know some of the language before you go. Studying abroad can help you learn more about your own culture as well as learning to recognize the differences between cultures. It exposes you to new cultures and lifestyles. Many people who study abroad form close connections with students from their host country. These relationships can turn into lifelong friendships. Students who intern while studying abroad find that the internships influence future career paths. Many companies are looking for graduates with international experience. It can really give you an edge when looking for jobs. Studying abroad is a wonderful and fulfilling experience. If you have the opportunity, you should give it a try for a semester. Who knows, you may fall in love with a whole new country! B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Wanting to become fluent in another language is a bad reason to study abroad. 2 ___ Studying abroad teaches students nothing about other cultures. 3 ___ Students who worked at internships while studying abroad had better career prospects after graduation. 4 ___ Many people make lifelong friendships while studying abroad. 5 ___ It helps to know some of the language before you study in a foreign country. Listening A | Listen. Check (√) the terms you hear.  biology  business administration  education  engineering  English  language  political science  psychology B | Listen again. Who said it? Write the number of the speaker next to each sentence. 1 ____ She made the class so interesting. 2 ____ Finally, I got tired of it. 3 ____ Now I’m a therapist with my own practice. 4 ____ I would recommend it to anybody. 5 ____ I’m taking over the business. 6 ____ Now I’m completely bilingual. 7 ____ Now I have a much better job. 8 ____ I really didn’t want to go. 26  UNIT 4

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. Talk about what you’re studying OR Talk about your career plans now and why. and goals. EXPRESS YOURSELF! I’m taking psychology I love languages, so right classes right now because now, I’m studying English. I’m interested in human behavior. I want to be a therapist I hope to someday be someday. I want to help an English teacher. I will people have fulfilling and continue to study English so that I can become fluent. productive lives. B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. What age group do Are there any other Is there any other you want to work with? languages you want career you’re thinking Why? to learn? Why? about? Why? EDUCATION  27

Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner. Last year, I was living in a different apartment, and I had a different job. When I first moved here to California, I didn’t know where nice but affordable apartments were located. I picked something from an online source. While I was living in my first apartment, I got to know Los Angeles. I decided I wanted to live in a less crowded area, so I moved again. Making a second move in one year was significant because I was nervous about the effort and expense. But after I moved again, I had a shorter commute to work. So, I had enough time to meet friends and find a better paying job! • Why did the writer move again? • Why was the writer’s second move significant? • What were you doing a year ago? B |  Write about what you were doing this time last year. How is your life different? Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you. EXPRESS YOURSELF! I decided… it was time Last year I… school. to go back to wasn’t going to school. tI oniebneeddceoepmedneadmeconhrtea. nge. was dating someone different. was living with my parents. SosbigIg…ronotcekmldeaysuuspop. wwfnoitrphltahmcisyeE.bnogylfisrhiend. 28  UNIT 4

PROGRESS CHECK | UNITS 1–4 Vocabulary A | Complete the sentences with words from the box. Two words are not used. biology business cassettes channels close coffee color dial rent shopping locked missing 1 This isn’t my jacket—it’s Susan’s. Mine is the same ________________ as hers. 2 My brother is really good at science. He’s studying ________________ at college. 3 Can you believe that some people don’t know how to ________________ a rotary phone? 4 I need some help. My car doors are ________________ and my keys are inside. 5 Sometimes we stop on our way home from class and have ________________ with some friends. 6 She got a degree in ________________ administration and then started her own company. 7 In the 1990s, we used to ________________ videotapes and watch movies at home. 8 I need to go ________________ this weekend and buy a new dress to wear to a wedding. 9 My wallet is ________________. I put it on the kitchen table, but now it’s gone. 10 When our grandparents were young, they only had three TV ________________ to watch. B | Check your answers with a partner. Grammar A | Choose the correct words to complete the conversation. Jenn What is that thing? Dale Oh, wow. That’s an old arcade game. I 1 used to play / was playing that when I was a kid. Jenn How much 2 did / was it cost to play? Dale At that time, I think we 3 paid / was paying 25 cents to play one game. Jenn A quarter to play a game? That is so cheap! Dale Yeah, well, we 4 used / used to a lot of quarters 5 before / when we went to the arcade. There used to 6 be / was a big video game arcade next to the movie theater. Sometimes my parents 7 going / went to the theater to watch a movie, and while they were 8 watched / watching, we 9 played / playing video games. Jenn That sounds like fun. Dale It was. Jenn I guess that was 10 before / when the internet existed. Dale That’s right. Now you can play a lot of these old games, but you can do it on your phone! B | Listen and check your answers. Then practice the conversation with a partner. PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 1–4  29

PROGRESS CHECK | UNITS 1–4 Language in Use A | Read the sentences and look at the pictures. Match each picture with two of the sentences. Write the letters. 1 ___ The window was open while it was raining 5 ___ I used to have a camera, but I don’t need last night. one now. 2 ___ She studied education, and now she’s a 6 ___ Did you close the car windows? teacher. 7 ___ I use my phone to take pictures all the 3 ___ What did your sister study in college? time. 4 ___ I went out to eat with some friends. 8 ___ Where did you go last weekend? ab cd B |  Choose one of the photos. Write a conversation with a partner. Role-play your conversation. Check Your Progress A | How well do you know these things? Rate yourself. Circle one, two, or three stars. Unit Vocabulary Grammar 1 Leisure activities Simple past: irregular verbs 2 Clues Simple past: Question forms 3 Activities from the past Conjunctions: and, but, and or 4 Fields of study Habitual actions in the past with used to Milestones Past continuous Before, after, while, when B | Go back to Units 1–4 and review any language that you need more help with. 30  PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 1–4

UNIT 5 ON VACATION UNIT Vocabulary Reading Months of the year Sights to see GOALS Seasons Vacation activities Listening People talking about what they are going Conversation to do on vacation One person asking another about vacation plans Speaking Talking about what you are going to do Grammar on vacation Future with be going to: statements and questions Writing Writing about what you are going to do this weekend 31

Vocabulary  |  Months of the year A | Listen and repeat. January April July October February May August November March June September December B | Look at the calendar. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 February 1st is the day after December / January / 7 Our trip is going to take almost two months. We’ll March / April 31st. begin in August and end in July / November / December / September. 2 His birthday is in September. His wife’s birthday is the next month, in November / October / 8 The month after May is July / June / April / March. December / August. 9 We’re going to rent this house in July and May / 3 We’re going to spend a week in Paris. We will arrive April / September / August. in March and leave in June / May / July / April. 10 January 1st is the day after February / November / 4 After June 30th comes August / July / May / April October / December 31st. 1st. 11 The conference will be from July / May / April / 5 We’re going to travel for two weeks, from January / August 28th to June 3rd. February / March / May 27th until April 10th. 12 June / May / February / April is the shortest month. 6 November / January / October / September 30th is the day before December 1st. Seasons C | Listen and repeat. spring summer fall winter D | Look at the pictures. Write the correct season to complete each sentence. 1 234 I’m going to ski this Trees change colors in the We’re going to the beach Flowers begin to grow in the ________________. _______________. this ________________. ________________. E | Listen and practice saying the sentences in B and D. May is my Summer is my favorite month. favorite season. I F |  What is your favorite month? What is your favorite My birthday is love swimming! season? Tell a partner. in May. 32  UNIT 5

Vacation activities G | Listen and repeat. spend a week in _____ buy souvenirs relax by the pool go sightseeing take a lot of pictures send postcards to my family H | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 23 She’s going to send money / My boss is going to exercise / Remember to buy / sell / take signs / postcards / friends to relax / travel / picnic by the pool a lot of pictures on your trip. her family from Europe. this afternoon. 6 4 5 Are you going to buy souvenirs / We’re going running / sightseeing / My parents are going to travel / buy pictures / postcards in Mexico? pictures tomorrow morning. / spend a week in Costa Rica. I | Listen and practice saying the sentences in H. I like to go I like to take a J |  What do you like to do on vacation? Tell a partner. sightseeing on lot of pictures on Conversation vacation. vacation. A | Read and listen to the conversation. Wes I love summer! Debbie Aren’t you going to go on vacation soon? Wes Yes. I always take my vacation in the summer. I’m going to leave for Costa Rica on July 1st. Debbie That’s great! Is it going to be a long flight? Wes It’s only going to take about three hours. Debbie How long are you going to be there? Wes I’m going to spend a week total. Debbie It’s a beautiful country. Are you going to take lots of pictures? Wes No! I’m going to go on vacation! I’m not going to take any pictures. Debbie What are you going to do then? Wes I’m going to go surfing for four days. Debbie Are you going to visit San José? Wes Yes. I’m going to stay in a nice hotel for three days in San José. Debbie You’re going to have lots of time to relax by the pool. Wes I know. When are you going to take your vacation? Debbie I’m not going to leave until January. Wes In January! Why are you going to take your vacation in the middle of winter? Debbie Well, it’s going to be really difficult to go snow skiing in the middle of summer! ON VACATION  33

B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Wes likes to take his vacations in the summer. 2 ___ Wes doesn’t like to take pictures on vacation. 3 ___ Wes doesn’t want to relax by the pool. 4 ___ Debbie isn’t going to take her vacation in July. C | Practice the conversation with a partner. Grammar  |  Future with be going to: statements and questions A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Affirmative and negative statements I’m going to go to Bali next summer. She isn’t going to go shopping this weekend. You’re going to visit your grandmother in July. They’re not going to go sightseeing. They’re going to relax on the beach. Questions Answers What are you going to do next summer? I’m going to spend a week in Costa Rica. When are you going to go to Costa Rica? I’m going to go in June. Where are you going to stay? I’m going to stay at my friend’s house. Are you going to go sightseeing? Yes, I am. B | Complete the sentences using be going to and the verb in parentheses. 1 I ________________________ you a postcard from Hawaii. (send) 2 A ____________ you ____________________ me a souvenir from your trip to Italy? (buy) B Of course! 3 A Where ____________ you ____________________ in December? (go) B I’m going to go to Australia. 4 We ________________________ on the beach all weekend. (relax) 5 They ________________________ a lot of pictures of old buildings in Europe. (take) C | Look at the conversation on page 33. Underline all the phrases with be going to. D |  What are you going to do this weekend? Tell a partner. I’m going to go shopping I’m going to go to an with my sister. art museum. 34  UNIT 5

Reading A | Read and listen. Sights to see Kyoto, Japan If you want to see something beautiful, then you should visit Kyoto the last week of March through mid- April. That’s the cherry blossom season. There are cherry trees all over the city. Sometimes they bloom all at the same time; sometimes they bloom at different times. Make sure you make hotel reservations early because everything fills up well in advance. San Francisco, California, USA San Francisco is a beautiful place to visit at any time of year. Summer is the most crowded time to visit. In April and October you will enjoy clearer skies and the most moderate temperatures. There are many sights to see there. You can hike to the Golden Gate Bridge or you can just drive over it. There is also The Presidio and Muir Woods. Machu Picchu, Peru The ruins of this ancient city are located in the beautiful mountains of Peru. Peru can be rainy and warm but the temperatures are always between 50˚F and 85˚F in the mountains. The best time to go is during the dry season between July and August, when the nights are cooler and the days are pretty dry. B | R ead the sentences. Choose the correct place. Write K (Kyoto), SF (San Francisco), or MP (Machu Picchu). 1 ___ You can see lots of cherry blossoms. 4 ___ You should visit in late March through early April. 2 ___ You should go in April or October. 5 ___ Summer is the most crowded time to visit. 3 ___ You should visit between July and August. 6 ___ It is the ruins of an ancient city. Listening A | Listen. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct picture. a ___ b ___ c ___ d ___ B | Listen again. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct activities. a ___ spend a few days in the capital g ___ stay in a dorm b ___ speak Chinese all the time h ___ study abroad c ___ do volunteer work with friends i ___ watch a giant ball at midnight d ___ take a train to the rain forest j ___ go to Times Square on New Yearʼs Eve e ___ stay at small hotel k ___ clean trash and fix trails f ___ do some sightseeing l ___ do conservation work ON VACATION  35

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. What are you going to do on your next Talk about your plans for a special event in vacation? Talk about your plans using the OR the near future. You can say what you are future with be going to. going to do for an important holiday, for example, or your birthday. EXPRESS YOURSELF! Next summer I’m going to go We’re going to take my parents to Los Angeles. I’m going to out for their 50th wedding go to the Griffith Observatory. I anniversary. We’re going to have lunch at a nice hotel. can’t wait! In February my family and I are We’re going to have a going to go to Québec City. karaoke party for my best They have a winter carnival friend’s birthday. It’s going to every year. It’s cold, but it’s fun! be a surprise. B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. How long are you going When are you going How many people are to be there? to go? going to be there? 36  UNIT 5

Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner. This weekend, I’m going to begin training for a half marathon. I’m going to get up early on Saturday and run along the river path. Then, I’m going to buy groceries that will help me keep up my energy and not be hungry. In the afternoon, I’m going to relax and maybe watch a movie. On Sunday, I plan to do a short run just to stay ready. • What is the writer going to do this weekend? • Why is the writer going to do this? • Do you like running? Why or why not? B |  Write about what you’re going to do this weekend. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you. EXPRESS YOURSELF! tsIasl’mmetkaeeegypeo.athinsocgomomtoeoek.ai.n.fngrdiecngladestss..lots of TFOIhinrAnieststtSvhwnea/eiengtTeihmunhktrgo,ede…,r…nnnaidn/y,g…N//eSxautfn,…tdearyn,o…on / I’mhcleahnavoeetvcekgtoimmminyyeghettooomu…raseeill..ax. ON VACATION  37

UNIT THE WORLD WE'LL 6 LIVE IN UNIT Vocabulary Listening Environment People talking about how life will be in GOALS the future Conversation Speaking Discussing life in the future Talking about what life will be like in the future Grammar Writing Future with will for predictions Writing about how the world will change in 100 years Reading The future of medicine is tiny 38

Vocabulary  |  Environment A | Listen and repeat. continue to plastic bottles recycle take public transportation glass bottles take classes online metal cans electronic goods paper products oil B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1 23 In the future, will people ___ to read Soda won’t come in ___ any more. People will still ___ materials at home. newspapers? a glass bottles a continue a online b oil b take b continue c paper products c recycle c recycle d electronic goods d public d electronic 5 6 4 What foods will come in ___ in one Most people will take ___ In the future, ____ goods will use hundred years? transportation. less energy a plastic bottles a oil a metal b glass bottles b public b paper c paper products c recycle c plastic d metal cans d online d electronic 78 9 10 People won’t use ___ very Do you think that ___ will Many people will take Will people continue to often. be even more expensive? classes ___. recycle ___? a plastic bottles a electronic goods a at school a oil b glass bottles b paper products b in space b plastic bottles c metal cans c oil c online c paper products d paper products d recycling d inside d metal THE WORLD WE'LL LIVE IN  39

C | Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. I always carry a reusable D | What do you do to help the environment now? Tell a partner. water bottle and a reusable shopping bag. I never buy I try to ride my bike to work most days. I don’t plastic water bottles. usually drive my car. Conversation A | Read and listen to the conversation. Mark Listen to this! In 40 years, students will not go to school. Beth What? Mark They will take all their classes online. Ivanna Where are you reading that? Mark It’s from this blog about the future. Also, there will be very little oil. So most people will take public Ivanna transportation or ride bikes. It sounds like the environment will continue to be in Beth danger. Mark I’m not worried. We’ll recycle metal cans, plastic bottles, and paper products. Beth Most people will use solar power in their homes. Ivanna With solar power, we’ll have a cleaner environment in 40 years. Mark What does the blog say about water? Beth There won’t be enough clean water for the world. Water will become very expensive. Ivanna I’m still not worried. Mark Are you serious? Without water, there will be more deserts. The temperatures will rise. Beth Now listen to this. People won’t send text messages. They’ll use video messages. Ivanna What? Now that scares me! Beth I don’t understand. That sounds cool. Video messages. Think about it. I look beautiful now. But in 40 years, I’ll look old! B | Choose the correct answers. 1 What is Mark reading? a a blog b a magazine c a newspaper 2 What won’t be recycled? a metal cans b plastic bottles c electronic goods 3 What will people use instead of text messages? a video messages b emails c letters C | Practice the conversation with a partner. 40  UNIT 6

Grammar  |  Future with will for predictions ’ll will will not won't A | Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Future with will for predictions Most people will use solar energy in their homes. Most people in big cities will ride a bicycle or take public transportation to work. Students will study and take classes online instead of going to school. There won’t be enough water. Water will become very expensive. Many people won’t know how to use a pen or pencil. People won’t send text messages. They’ll only send video messages. B | Complete the sentences using the future with will and the verbs in parentheses. 1 Robots ________________________ (do) most of the work that people do now. 2 All students ________________________ (use) tablets in class. They ________________________ (not use) pen and paper. 3 We ________________________ (see) mostly driverless cars on the roads. 4 People ________________________ (not go) shopping in stores. They ________________________ (shop) online only. 5 Space tourism ________________________ (be) available for everyone at an affordable cost. 6 People ______________________ (not buy) televisions anymore. They _________________ (watch) TV shows only on mobile devices. C | Look at the conversation on page 40. Underline all examples of the future with will. D |  Read aloud the sentences in B. Take turns giving your opinion about the statements with a partner. Use the prompts below. I agree I don't agree completely. at all. I mostly I don't really agree. agree. I think so. I don't think so. THE WORLD WE'LL LIVE IN  41

Reading A | Read and listen. The future of medicine is tiny Machines help us do many things. They can carry people long distances. They can help us make dinner or take money out of the bank. But can they help us cure cancer? They might someday. Scientists are using nanotechnology to help them do things that they could never do before. Nanotechnology is a field that includes building and using structures that are measured in nanometers. A nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter, or 0.000000001 meters. Nanobots are tiny robots that can carry medicines to individual cells in the body. This can be very useful for people with cancer. Currently, many cancer patients receive treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. These treatments destroy cancer cells, but many healthy cells can be destroyed at the same time. Nanobots help treat cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Other uses include “smart pills”—these pills send messages to doctors to tell them when a patient last took the pill. This can be a useful tool for patients who often forget to take important medicines. Scientists are only starting to discover what nanotechnology can do. Hopefully these tiny helpers will be able to deliver big results for medicine in the future. B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ A nanometer is smaller than a meter. 2 ____ Nanobots are medicines for cancer patients. 3 ____ Nanobots help treat individual cancer cells. 4 ____ Smart pills tell patients when to call their doctor. 5 ____ Smart pills can help patients who forget to take their medication. Listening A | Listen. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct picture. a ___ b ___ c ___ d ___ B | Listen again. Who said it? Write the number of the person next to the sentence. 1 ____ That’s going to have serious consequences. 5 ____ I think people are ready. 2 ____ We need to continue doing research. 6 ____ But there’s a bad side to it, too. 3 ____ But it’s hard to know exactly what will happen. 7 ____ New diseases are also on the rise. 4 ____ In one way, that’s good news. 8 ____ That’s changing, though. 42  UNIT 6

Speaking A |  Choose one of the topics. Use the information below and in the Speaking Video on the United companion site to help you prepare your answers. What new inventions will we see in OR Talk about something that you think the future? will be a problem in the future. How will we solve it? EXPRESS YOURSELF! I think all gadgets will become I think there will be even more wireless and will operate with inventions that can help people voice commands, like many with handicaps, like the visually do now. impaired, get around. I think climate change is I think homelessness might be going to be a big problem. an even bigger problem in the People need to start thinking future. We need to help people about using alternative forms who can’t work have a place to of transportation and more live and food to eat. renewable energy. B |  Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information. What type of invention What is a good How can we help the would help a visually alternative to a car? homeless? impaired person? THE WORLD WE'LL LIVE IN  43