Manual

MANUAL ON PUBLIC DESIGNATION SYMBOL SYSTEM for Shih Chien University

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2

INTRODUCTION 04 PART 1. GENERAL 05 1A.01 Function and Purpose of Signs 05 1A.02 Definitions 05 1A.03 Standardization of Application 05 1A.04 Excessive Use of Signs 05 1A.05 Classification of Signs 05 1A.06 Design of Signs 55 1A.07 Retroreflectivity and Illumination 05 1A.08 Maintaining Minimum Retroreflectivity 05 1A.09 Shapes 05 1A.10 Sign Colors 05 1A.11 Dimensions 05 1A.12 Symbols 05 1A.13 Word Messages 50 1A.14 Sign Borders 05 1A.15 Enhanced Conspicuity for Standard Signs 05 1A.16 Standardization of Location 05 1A.17 Overhead Sign Installations 05 1A.18 Mounting Height 05 1A.19 Lateral Offset 05 1A.20 Orientation 05 1A.21 Posts and Mountings 05 1A.22 Maintenance PAGE 3

INTRODUCTION PAGE 4

01 Traffic control devices shall be defined as all signs, signals, markings, and other devices used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, bikeway, or private road open to public travel (see definition in Section 1A.13) by authority of a public agency or official having jurisdiction, or, in the case of a private road, by authority of the private owner or private official having jurisdiction. 02 The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is incorporated by reference in 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F and shall be recognized as the national standard for all traffic control devices installed on any street, highway, bikeway, or private road open to public travel (see definition in Section 1A.13) in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 109(d) and 402(a). The policies and procedures of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to obtain basic uniformity of traffic control devices shall be as described in 23 CFR 655, Subpart F. 03 In accordance with 23 CFR 655.603(a), for the purposes of applicability of the MUTCD: A. Toll roads under the jurisdiction of public agencies or authorities or public private partnerships shall be considered to be public highways; B. Private roads open to public travel shall be as defined in Section 1A.13; and C. Parking areas, including the driving aisles within those parking areas, that are either publicly or privately owned shall not be considered to be “open to public travel” for purposes of MUTCD applicability. 04 Any traffic control device design or application provision contained in this Manual shall be considered to be in the public domain. Traffic control devices contained in this Manual shall not be protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright, except for the Interstate Shield and any items owned by FHWA. Support: Pictographs, as defined in Section 1A.13, are embedded in traffic control devices but the pictographs themselves are not considered traffic control devices for the purposes of Paragraph 4. The need for uniform standards was recognized long ago. The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), now known as the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), published a manual for rural highways in 1927, and the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety (NCSHS) published a manual for urban streets in 1930. In the early years, the necessity for unification. PAGE 5

A. Increasing the size of a standard regulatory, warning, or guide sign. 05 B. Doubling-up of a standard regulatory, warning, or guide sign by adding a second identical sign on the left-hand side of the roadway. C. Adding a solid yellow or fluorescent yellow rectangular “header panel” above a standard regulatory sign, with the width of the panel corresponding to the width of the standard regulatory sign. A legend of “NOTICE,” “STATE LAW,” or other appropriate text may be 07 added in black letters within the header panel for a period of time determined by engineering judgment. D. Adding a NEW plaque (see Section 2C.62) above a new standard regulatory or warning sign, for a period of time determined by engineering judgment, to call attention to the new sign. 08 E. Adding one or more red or orange flags (cloth or retroreflective sheeting) above a standard regulatory or warning sign, with the flags oriented so as to be at 45 degrees to the vertical. F. Adding a solid yellow, a solid fluorescent yellow, or a diagonally striped black and yellow (or blackand fluorescent yellow) strip of retroreflective sheeting at least 3 inches wide around the perimeter of a standard warning sign. This may be accomplished by affixing the standard warning sign on a background that is 6 inches larger than the size of the standard warning sign. 09 G. Adding a warning beacon (see Section 4L.03) to a standard regulatory (other than a STOP or a Speed Limit sign), warning, or guide sign. H. Adding a speed limit sign beacon (see Section 4L.04) to a standard Speed Limit sign. 10 I. Adding a stop beacon (see Section 4L.05) to a STOP sign. J. Adding light emitting diode (LED) units within the symbol or legend of a sign or border of a standard regulatory, warning, or guide sign, as provided in Section 2A.07. K. Adding a strip of retroreflective material to the sign support in compliance with the provisions of Section 2A.21. L. Using other methods that are specifically allowed for certain signs as described elsewhere in this Manual.

IJ E Swimming F D Pool G C Tennis Court M Lawn NB Dominican International School N Resource Classroom Dazhi Street Chongshi Road B The stone Dazhi Street L Lawn slab house K H A Parking PAGE 7 Entrance Peiying Park

2A.06 Examples of Enhanced Conspicuity for Signs Standardization of position cannot always be attained in practice. Examples of heights and lateral locations of signs for typical installations are illustrated in Figure 2A-2, and examples of locations for some typical signs at intersections are illustrated in Figures 2A-3 and 2A-4. Examples of advance signing on an intersection approach are illustrated in Figure 2A-4. Chapters 2B, 2C, and 2D contain provisions regarding the application of regulatory, warning, and guide signs, respectively. PAGE 8

12x 6x 5x 5x 3x 4x 1x 3x 11x 6x 5x 4x 2x 3x 6x 7x 4x 6x 5x The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have a black legend (except for the red STOP or YIELD sign symbols) and border on a white background, surrounded by an outer yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background area (see Figure 2B-2). The Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have a black legend and border on a yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background at the top of the sign and a black legend and border on a white background at the bottom of the sign (see Figure 2B-2). Unless the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign is placed on a physical island, the sign support shall be designed to bend over and then bounce back to its normal vertical position when struck by a vehicle. PAGE 9

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2A.07 Retroreflectivity and Illumination Support: There are many materials currently available for retroreflection and various methods currently available for the illumination of signs and object markers. New materials and methods continue to emerge. New materials and methods can be used as long as the signs and object markers meet the standard requirements for color, both by day and by night. PAGE 12

9x 4x 4x 2x 3x 2x 2x 2x 2x 3x 7x 8x 7x 5x 1x 3x 1x 3x 2x 2x 12x Regulatory, warning, and guide signs and object markers shall be retroreflective (see Section 2A.08) or illuminated to show the same shape and similar color by both day and night, unless otherwise provided in the text discussion in this Manual for a particular sign or group of signs. The requirements for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street or highway lighting. Sign elements may be illuminated by themeans shown in Table 2A-1.Retroreflection of sign elements may be accomplished by the means shown in Table 2A-2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) units may be used individually within the legend or symbol of a sign and in the border of a sign, except for changeable message signs, to improve the conspicuity, increase the legibility of sign legends and borders, or provide a changeable message. PAGE 13

2A.08 Enhanced Conspicuity for Standard Signs Fractions shall be displayed with the numerator and denominator diagonally arranged about the solidus (slanted line or forward slash). The overall height of the fraction is measured from the top of the numerator to the bottom of the denominator, each of which is vertically aligned with the upper and lower ends of the solidus. The overall height of the fraction shall be determined by the height of the numerals within the fraction, and shall be 1.5 times the height of an individual numeral within the fraction. PAGE 14

8x 4x 2x 2x 2x 1.5x 4x 2x 1.5x 2x 2x 2x 1.5x 2x 2x 2x 1.5x 2x 2x 2x 4x 8x 10x 1x 2x 4x 1x 10x 10x 10x 1.5x2.5x 2x 2x1x 11x 1x 1x A dark border on a light background should be set in from the edge, while a light border on a dark background should extend to the edge of the sign. A border for 30-inch signs with a light background should be from 1/2 to 3/4 inch in width, 1/2 inch from the edge. For similar signs with a light border, a width of 1 inch should be used. For other sizes, the border width should be of similar proportions, but should not exceed the stroke-width of the major lettering of the sign. On signs exceeding 72 x 120 inches in size, the border should be 2 inches wide, or on larger signs, 3 inches wide. Except for STOP signs and as otherwise provided in Section 2E.16, the corners of the sign should be rounded to a radius that is concentric with that of the border. PAGE 15

2A.09 Vertical retroreflective strip on sign support The sizes shown in the Freeway and Expressway columns in the various sign size tables in this Manual should be used on freeways and expressways, and for other higher-speed applications based upon engineering judgment, to provide larger signs for increased visibility and recognition. PAGE 16

7x 3x 3x 2x 2x 1x 2.5x 5x 1.5x 2.5x 2.5x 2x 2x 1x 3x 7x 8x 7x 5x 1x 3x 1x 3x 2x 2x 12x The sign dimensions prescribed in the sign size tables in the various Parts and Chapters in this Manual and in the “Standard Highway Signs and Markings” book (see Section 1A.11) shall be used unless engineering judgment determines that other sizes are appropriate. Except as provided in Paragraph 3, where engineering judgment determines that sizes smaller than the prescribed dimensions are appropriate for use, the sign dimensions shall not be less than the minimum dimensions specified in this Manual. The sizes shown in the Minimum columns that are smaller than the sizes shown in the Conventional Road columns in the various sign size tables in this Manual shall only be used on low-speed roadways, alleys, and private roads open to public travel where the reduced legend size would be adequate for the regulation or warning or where physical conditions preclude the use of larger sizes. PAGE 17

2A.10 Posts and Mountings Sign posts, foundations, and mountings shall be so constructed as to hold signs in a proper and permanent position, and to resist swaying in the wind or displacement by vandalism. Support: The latest edition of AASHTO’s “Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals” contains additional information regarding posts and mounting (see Page i for AASHTO’s address). PAGE 18

8x 2x 6x 1.5x 2x 1x 2x 1.5x 6x 1.5x 2x 1.5x 2x 1.5x 6x 1.5x 21xx 2x 1.5x 8x 6x 2.5x 8x 1x 1x 1x 8x 1x 1x 1x 8x 1x 1x 1x 8x 2x 6x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x Maintenance activities should consider proper position, cleanliness, legibility, and daytime and nighttime visibility (see Section 2A.09). Damaged or deteriorated signs, gates, or object markers should be replaced. To assure adequate maintenance, a schedule for inspecting (both day and night), cleaning, and replacing signs, gates, and object markers should be established. Employees of highway, law enforcement, and other public agencies whose duties require that they travel on the roadways should be encouraged to report any damaged, deteriorated, or obscured signs, gates, or object markers at the first opportunity. Steps should be taken to see that weeds, trees, shrubbery, and construction, maintenance, and utility materials and equipment do not obscure the face of any sign or object marker. A regular schedule of replacement of lighting elements for illuminated signs should be maintained. PAGE 19

2A.10 Crossbuck Assemblies with YIELD or STOP Signs at Passive Grade Crossings A grade crossing Crossbuck Assembly shall consist of a Crossbuck (R15-1) sign, and a Number of Tracks (R15-2P) plaque if two or more tracks are present, that complies with the provisions of Section 8B.03, and either a YIELD (R1-2) or STOP (R1-1) sign installed on the same support, except as provided in Paragraph 8. At all public highway-rail grade crossings that are not equipped with the active traffic control systems that are described in Chapter 8C, except crossings where road users are directed by an authorized person on the ground to not enter the crossing at all times that an approaching train is about to occupy the crossing, a Crossbuck Assembly shall be installed on the right-hand side of the highway on each approach to the highway-rail grade crossing. PAGE 20

6x 3x 2.5x 3x 2x 2x 2x 2.5x 1x 2x 1.5x 2x 1.5x 2x 2x 2x 2x 6x 2x 5x 5x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 1x1x 2x 1x 2x 2x 1x 2x 2x 2x 3x 5x A YIELD sign shall be the default traffic control device for Crossbuck Assemblies on all highway approaches to passive grade crossings unless an engineering study performed by the regulatory agency or highway authority having jurisdiction over the roadway approach determines that a STOP sign is appropriate. Among the factors that should be considered in the engineering study are the line of sight to approaching rail traffic (giving due consideration to seasonal crops or vegetation beyond both the highway and railroad or LRT rights-of-ways), the number of tracks, the speeds of trains or LRT equipment and highway vehicles, and the crash history at the grade crossing. Sections 8A.02 and 8A.03 contain information regarding the responsibilities of the highway agency and the railroad company or LRT agency regarding the selection, design, and operation of traffic control devices placed at grade crossings. PAGE 21

2A.11 Quiet Zone Treatments at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings When a grade crossing exists either within or in the vicinity of a temporary traffic control zone, lane restrictions, flagging (see Chapter 6E), or other operations shall not be performed in a manner that would cause highway vehicles to stop on the railroad or LRT tracks, unless a flagger or uniformed law enforcement officer is provided at the grade crossing to minimize the possibility of highway vehicles stopping on the tracks, even if automatic warning devices are in place. PAGE 22

6x 3x 2x 5x 4x 2x 4x 4x 2x 3x 6x 6x 3x 2x 5x 2x 5x 2x 5x 2x 3x 6x Public and private agencies, including emergency services, businesses, and railroad or LRT companies, should meet to plan appropriate traffic detours and the necessary signing, marking, and flagging requirements for operations during temporary traffic control zone activities. Consideration should be given to the length of time that the grade crossing is to be closed, the type of rail or LRT and highway traffic affected, the time of day, and the materials and techniques of repair. The agencies responsible for the operation of the LRT and highway should be contacted when the initial planning begins for any temporary traffic control zone that might directly or indirectly influence the flow of traffic on mixed-use facilities where LRT and road users operate. PAGE 23

Design by I-Xuan Lin and Xi-Wei Wang