20200104-LPG Pipeworks-Eng.Ahmad Odeh

5 What should I do if I smell gas? * No Flames or Sparks! •Immediately put out all smoking materials and other open flames. •Do not operate lights, appliances, telephones, or cell phones. •Flames or sparks from these sources can trigger an explosion or a fire. • Evacuate the Area Immediately! •Get everyone out of the building or area where you suspect gas is leaking. •Shut off the gas Source! • Turn off the main gas supply valve on your propane tank if it is safe to do so. To close the valve, turn it to the right (clockwise). •Report the leak. •From a neighbor’s home or other nearby building away from the gas leak. • call your propane retailer right away. • If you can’t reach your propane retailer. • Call 911 or your local fire department.

6 Flame and explosion limits for gases : •The Flammable Range (Explosive Range) is the concentration range of a gas or vapor that will burn (or explode) if an ignition source is introduced. •Below the explosive or flammable range the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too rich to burn. •The limits are commonly called the \"Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit\" (LEL/LFL) and the \"Upper Explosive or Flammable Limit\" (UEL/UFL).

7 Combustible Gases-Lower & Upper Limits* *No differentiation between the terms “Explosive” and “Flammable” as applied to the lower and upper limits of flammability Too lean for ignition Clean Air Too rich for ignition Combustibles 50% Upper Explosive Typical Combustible Lower Limit (UEL) Gas Detector Range Explosive Limit (LEL) of Measurement

8 lower and upper explosion concentration limits for commonly used gases Fuel Lower Explosive Limit Upper Explosive Limit Methane (LEL) (% volume in (UEL) (% volume in air) air) 5.0 15.0 Butane 1.6 8.4 Propane 2.1 9.6 Ethanol 3.3 19.0 Gasoline (100 Octane) 1.4 7.8 2.5 85.0 Acetylene

‫‪9‬‬ ‫نقدم حلول كاملة لشبكات الغاز المركزية‬ ‫والتدفئة بالغاز الحل الأمثل‬ ‫م أحمد عودة ابو صعيليك‬ ‫ت ‪0798840704‬‬ ‫وكلاء بويلرات الغاز الايطالية‬

10 Fire Terminology The ‘fire triangle’ shows that heat and air have to be present before fuels will burn, but how much heat and how much air? For any fuel there are a number of critical temperatures and fuel/air mixtures at which certain things happen.

11 The Fire Triangle The essential elements of combustion are:  Fuels: Liquids:LPG ,gasoline,acetone Solids: plastic,wood dust,fibers Gases: acetylene,propane,hydrogen  Oxidizers: Gases: oxygen,fluorine,chlorine Liquids:hydrogen peroxide,nitric acid Solids: metal peroxides,ammonium nitrite  Ignition sources: Sparks,flames,static electricity,heat

12 Gas Ignition  gas is composed of hydrocarbon gases, primarily butane. It burns only when both of the following conditions are present:  Oxygen (present in air (21%))  Fuel (the combustible material (in the form of a solid, liquid or gas))  Ignition source (fires cannot be started without a source of heat energy to cause ignition). One of ignition sources are : Sparks can be caused by doorbells, telephones, turning alight switch on or off, etc.

13 What is CO2 & CO ?  When gas burns completely, carbon dioxide (CO2) - a harmless gas – is formed.  But, when gas is burned incompletely, .a carbon monoxide (CO) is formed. Carbon monoxide is deadly.

14 Carbon Monoxide  Carbon monoxide (CO) is formed when most common fuels - charcoal, coal, gasoline, kerosene, oil, wood, propane, natural gas - are burned without a sufficient supply of air.  Carbon monoxide (CO) is odorless, tasteless and invisible.

15 Symptoms of CO Poisoning  The early effects of CO poisoning mimic the flu, so watch for these warning signs:  Headache  Nausea or vomiting  Dizziness and disorientation  Muscle weakness or fatigue  If there is no fever, or if everyone in the house is ill, or if the symptoms disappear when you leave the house, it could be a CO problem.

16 Safety tools in LPG pipework - Using Gas Leak Detectors (GLD) , domestic type or Explosion proof . - Using Solenoid valves , to shut off LPG sypply. - Using CO detectors near Boilers & Fire PLACES. - Location of GLD near cookers , Boilers, Fire places & conn. Cab. - GLD should installed on 25 cm from the ground level . - CO detectors should install near the sealing.

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‫‪18‬‬ ‫نقدم حلول كاملة لشبكات الغاز المركزية‬ ‫والتدفئة بالغاز الحل الأمثل‬ ‫م أحمد عودة ابو صعيليك‬ ‫ت ‪0798840704‬‬ ‫وكلاء بويلرات الغاز الايطالية‬

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