20201026-Fire Fighting -ENG.Iyad Al-Alem

2 Fire Fighting Systems Introduction PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM

Jordanian Fire Protection & Life Safety codes.

Further References :  NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.  NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.  NFPA 24: Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.

Classification of Occupancy and Hazard of Contents  The following considerations needed for accurately determining which Code provisions apply to a specific building:  1. Classification of occupancy  2. Choice of treating multiple occupancies as either mixed occupancies or separated occupancies  3. Categorization of the relative hazard presented by the contents or use of the building.

1. Classification of Occupancy ( ) ‫تصنيف الإشغالات‬  Assembly )‫( أماكن التجمع‬  Educational )‫(التعليمية‬  Health care )‫( الرعاية الصحية‬  Detention and correctional ) ‫(مراكز الإصلاح و التأهيل‬  Residential ) ‫( السكنية‬  Mercantile )‫( التجارية‬  Business )‫( الإدارية‬  Industrial )‫( الصناعية‬  Storage) ‫( التخزين‬











2. Multiple Occupancies:  General  Multiple occupancies shall comply with the requirements and one of the following: (1) Mixed occupancies (2) Separated occupancies  Improper classification might result in an inadequate level of life safety or overspending on non required items.

(1) Mixed Occupancies:  1. Mixed occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or more various occupancies are intermingled without fire resistive assembly separation between them.  2. Each part of such mixed occupancy shall be classified according to the specific usage of Occupancies.  3. In multiple occupancies, where exit access from an occupancy traverses another occupancy, the multiple occupancy shall be treated (or protected) as a mixed occupancy.  4. Mixed occupancies shall be provided with most restrictive Fire Safety requirements of the occupancy involved, including the egress and protection provisions.

(1) Mixed Occupancies:  Examples of uses that might be incidental to another occupancy include the following:  (1) Newsstand (mercantile) in an office building  (2) Gift shop (mercantile) in a hotel  (3) Small storage area (storage) in any occupancy  (4) Minor office space (business) in any occupancy  (5) Maintenance area (industrial) in any occupancy

(2) Separated Occupancies  1. Separated occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or more various occupancies shall be compartmented by fire resistive assembly separation between them.  2. Such occupancy separations shall be vertical, horizontal, or both or, when necessary, of such other form as required to provide complete separation between occupancy divisions in the building.  3. Each part of such separated occupancy shall be classified according to the specific usage of Occupancies.

(2) Separated Occupancies:  The two required means of egress for the business occupancy are provided by two remotely located doors opening directly to the outside.

(3) Hazard of Contents  General.  For the purpose of this Code, the hazard of contents shall be the relative danger of the following:  The start and spread of fire.  The danger of smoke or gases generated.  The danger of explosion.  Other occurrence potentially endangering the lives and safety of the occupants of the building or structure.

(3) Hazard of Contents  For the purpose of NFPA 101 Code , where different degrees of hazard of contents exist in different parts of a building or structure, the most hazardous shall govern the classification, unless hazardous areas are separated or protected.

Classification of Hazard of Contents.  General: The hazard of contents of any building or structure shall be classified as:  Low  Ordinary  High.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Occupancies shall be classified as four classes based on its use and content of materials stored.  Light Hazard: The areas and occupancies which are used for non-industrial uses and contains low quantity and less combustible materials which are expected to release less heat release rates during fire condition shall be classified as light hazard occupancies.  Ordinary Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling of mainly ordinary combustible materials unlikely to develop intensely burning fires in the initial stages shall be classified as ordinary hazard occupancies. Ordinary Occupancies shall be further sub classified in to two groups.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Extra High Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling abnormal fire loads, likely to produce exceptionally intense fires with high rates of heat release and with high storage heights. Extra high hazard occupancies shall be further classified in to two groups.  Special / Storage Hazard : The areas and occupancies used for miscellaneous storage purposes having storage height greater than 3.6 meters shall be classified in to storage hazard occupancies.



Mercantile Occupancies(Example) Subclassification of Occupancy.  Protection  In Class A or Class B mercantile occupancies protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system.  In Class C mercantile occupancies shall be permitted between the street floor and the mezzanine.

Mercantile Occupancies(Example) Subclassification of Occupancy.  Protection  In Class A mercantile occupancies protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system.  In Class C mercantile occupancies shall be permitted between the street floor and the mezzanine.

Thank You For Your Attention

1 Fire Fighting Systems Fire Extinguishers PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM

Jordanian fire Protection code.

A Balanced Approach to Life Safety  A balanced approach to fire protection uses all available tools to improve fire safety. These four approaches, used together, help provide a fire safe environment.  Passive fire protection’s approach Is to help CONTAIN a fire by preventing its spread (fire, smoke and noxious gas) in order to save lives and protect property.

National Fire Protection Association  NFPA 01: Uniform Fire Code.  NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.  NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.  NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.  NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.  NFPA 15: Standard for water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection.  NFPA 16: Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam- Water Spray  NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code  NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm Code  NFPA 92 : Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:  A portable device, carried or on wheels and operated by hand, containing an extinguishing agent that can be expelled under pressure for the purpose of suppressing or extinguishing fire.  As a first line of defense during the initial stages of Fire, availability of portable fire extinguishers is mandatory for all occupancies for the use of occupants to extinguish the fire before the fire grows out of control.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: Fire extinguishers can represent an important segment of any overall fire protection program. However, their successful functioning depends upon the following conditions having been met: (1) The fire extinguisher is properly located and in working order. (2) The fire extinguisher is of the proper type for a fire that can occur. (3) The fire is discovered while still small enough for the fire extinguisher to be effective. (4) The fire is discovered by a person ready, willing, and able to use the fire extinguisher.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TYPES:

Fire Classification  Class A Fire Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.  Class B Fire Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil- based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases.  Class C Fire Fires that involve energized electrical equipment.  Class D Fire Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.  Class K Fire Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats).

Classes of Fires:

Classes of Fires:

Applicable Types of Fire Extinguishers

Location of Portable Fire Extinguishers:  In fire emergencies where fire extinguishers are relied upon, someone usually has to travel from the fire in order to obtain the device, and then return to the fire before beginning extinguishing operations. This takes time, with the number of seconds or minutes governed mainly by the travel distance involved in securing the fire extinguisher and placing it in operation.  location on layouts as per maximum travel distances and table of number of fire extinguishers, in compliance with this code.

Selection and Location of Portable Fire Extinguishers:

Selection and Location of Portable Fire Extinguishers:

Capacities of Portable Fire Extinguishers:

Installation of Portable Fire Extinguishers:  The wall mount type portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in such a way that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 1.5 meters above the floor and not less than 30 cm from the bottom of extinguisher to the finished floor.  Fire extinguishers shall be installed in an easily accessible location, immediate vicinity areas without obstructing the escape path.  In the corridor, passage way, lift lobby etc areas where aesthetic issue raises, the fire extinguishers can be installed inside the fire hose cabinet, recessed inside the wall. In such case, proper identification signs shall be placed on the cabinet and the front door shall be of partially wired glass door to view the fire extinguishers. The fire extinguishers placed inside the cabinets shall face towards front side to read the operating instructions clearly.

2 Fire Fighting Systems Standpipe Systems PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM

Jordanian fire Protection code.

Further References :  NFPA 01: Uniform Fire Code.  NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.  NFPA 5000: Building Construction and Safety Code.  NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.  NFPA 24: Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.  NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water- Based Fire Protection Systems.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Occupancies shall be classified as four classes based on its use and content of materials stored.  Light Hazard: The areas and occupancies which are used for non-industrial uses and contains low quantity and less combustible materials which are expected to release less heat release rates during fire condition shall be classified as light hazard occupancies.  Ordinary Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling of mainly ordinary combustible materials unlikely to develop intensely burning fires in the initial stages shall be classified as ordinary hazard occupancies. Ordinary Occupancies shall be further sub classified in to two groups.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Extra High Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling abnormal fire loads, likely to produce exceptionally intense fires with high rates of heat release and with high storage heights. Extra high hazard occupancies shall be further classified in to two groups.  Special / Storage Hazard : The areas and occupancies used for miscellaneous storage purposes having storage height greater than 3.6 meters shall be classified in to storage hazard occupancies.



Fire Hose Reel System  Hose reels shall be in accordance with BS 5274.  Fire hose reel systems are also normally pressurized with water having permanent water supply from fire water pumps and fire water storage tanks.  Fire hose reel system comprises of one or multiple vertical riser pipes or horizontal runs of piping that are connected to the 25 mm dia. bore, 30 m long fire hose reels located at all the floors.

Water Supply for Hose Reels(BS 5274):  As a minimum, the water supply to hose reels should be such that when the two top-most reels in a building are in use simultaneously, each will provide a jet of approximately 6 m in length and will deliver not less than 0.5 liters/s (30 liters/min).  For example, when a length of 30 m of hose reel tubing is in use with a 6.35mm nozzle, a minimum static pressure of 1.25 bar will be required at the entry to each reel and with a 4.8 mm nozzle, a minimum static pressure of 3 bar will be required.

Fire Hose Rack System  Fire hose rack systems are also normally pressurized with water having permanent water supply from fire water pumps and fire water storage tanks.  Fire hose rack system comprises of one or multiple vertical riser pipes or horizontal runs of piping that are connected to the 40 mm dia bore, 30 m long fire hose, folded vertically and attached over the pins in an approved manner and located at all the floors.