sachhaymienphi.com - lich-su-hoa-ky

["","","","TH\u1ea4Y CH\u01afA, flung \u00edh\u1ee7 \u0110\u00d3 CH\u00cdNH h\u00e0nh Ih\u00edch Lincoln l\u00e0 m\u1ed9\u00ed L\u00c0 K \u1ebeT C\u1ee4C di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean theo C\u1ee6A T\u00caN phe li\u00ean minh B\u1ea0O CH\u00daA. mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u00ed\u00ean h\u1ec3n l\u00e0 John Wilkes c\u1ee9u CH\u1ed2NG CON, S\u00f3ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u00e2m 1865, H\u00c3Y c\u1ee9u L\u1ea4Y Abraham Lincoln - m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T(5NG TH\u1ed1NG C\u1ee8A l\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng vi \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1ed1t t\u1eeb Ih\u1eddi k\u00ec d\u1ef1ng N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1ef8! n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1edf t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4i fr\u1ea7n, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 56 tu\u1ed5i. ANH NHAT \u0110\u1ecaNH PH\u00c1I C\u1ed0 L\u00caN ...","M\u1ed8T CON NG\u01af\u1edcI ( \u00a3 Ch\u00faa \u01a1i con s\u1eb5n VI \u0110\u1ea0I NH\u01af TH\u00cb SAO S\u00c0NG LAY T\u00cdNH M\u1ea0NG C\u00daA M\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ed0I LAY S\u1ef1 S\u1ed0NG CHO \u00d4NG \u1eb0Y. 152","C\u00f3 m\u1ed9f nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng H\u1eeb! TUY MI\u1ec0N NAM V\u00c0 CHO H\u1ecc C\u00c1I com f\u00e2m l\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. THUA TR\u1eacN, NH\u01afNG QUY\u1ec2N B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1eb2NG MU\u1ed0N GI\u1ea2I PH\u00d3NG V\u1edaI NG\u01af\u1edcI DA TR\u1eaeNG Li, \u0110\u00daNG L\u00c0 N\u1eb0M M\u01a1! N\u00d4 L\u1ec6 TH\u1ef0C S\u1ef1 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0129 CH\u00daNG TA S\u1ebc TH\u00c0NH L\u1eacP M\u1ed8T T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C B\u00cd M\u1eacT \u0110\u1ec2 TR\u1eeaNG PH\u1ea0T L\u0168 DA \u0110EN N\u00c0Y\u00ed Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do Ir\u00f5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ec3\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ecfi ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 \u00edh\u00e0nh l\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ed m\u1ed9f l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng Ku Klux Klan, chuy\u00ean kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. \u00e8153","\u0129uy Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 quy |j I I* L\u0168 M\u1ecci \u0110EN dinh r\u00f2 r\u00f2ng l\u00e0 x\u00f3a bo ch\u00e9 \u0111\u00f2 CH\u00daNG BAY n\u00f5 l\u1ec7, nhung s\u1ee5 ki th\u1ecb irong D\u1ef0A V\u00c0O \u0110\u00c2U fh\u00e0m \u1ec9\u00e3m cua m\u1ed9} b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee3n M\u00c0 C\u00d3 QUY\u1ec0N ngu\u00f2i da trang \u0111\u00f2i V\u00d3I ngu\u00f2i da \u1ec3en v\u00e0n c\u00f2n. B\u1ea6U C\u1eda? T\u00caN N\u00c0O D\u00c1M \u0110I B\u1ecf PH\u1ebeU TH\u00cc CH\u00daNG TAO S \u00ca G \u1ebeTC\u1ea2 N H \u00c0 \u1ec8 W\\\" li * ^ \\\\V Om r' 1\\\\ AThJi\/yL \\\\ m i-J m i B j\u00ab \/ y Do s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Lincoln, H\u1ee3p ch\u00fang qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u v\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi nquy co b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebb. Sau khi Lincoln qua \u0111\u1eddi, mi\u1ec1n B\u00e1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a nh\u1ed9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bang c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0129\u00e2y Nam. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ed1i cu\u00f4\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u1ec3\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Iri\u1ec3n Ih\u1ed3n l\u1ed1c. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln trong nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln \u1edf Washington. 154 \u1ebf","V\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea9u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y l\u1ea9n, n\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n tranh gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1ea5c ch\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea9n t\u1ed1c, trinh ch\u1edd b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, mi\u1ec1n Nam khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong Do thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n bj \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tranh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u00e9n B\u1eafc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp g\u1eb7p th\u00e0nh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi k) \u0111\u1ea9u. Trong tr\u1eadn Manassas hai mi\u1ec3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861, qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1ea3m. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1862, qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec3n B\u00e1c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e1 tan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec3u c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da chi\u1ebfn lu\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng... C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111en, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c kl (t \u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf da \u0111en \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0 d\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a mi\u00e9n B\u1eafc. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n l\u1ec7\u201d, ban b\u1ed1 \u201cLu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1..., c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00f4 v\u00e0n xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho gi\u00fap cho t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u1eb7t l\u1edbn. c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thu\u00ea' quan. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd. l\u00ed . H\u1ecdc thny\u1ea5t Monroe Phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eb3\u1ec9 n\u1ecf Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1823, trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Trong th\u1eddi kl thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ea5c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi kl chi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 tinh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 5 cua tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, Benjamin n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 James Monroe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Franklin v\u00e0 Thomas Jefferson c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, nh\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da m\u1ea1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111en. Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c bang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc l\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eabn nhau, s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Monroe\\\". c\u00e1c bang mi\u1ec3n Nam tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u1ebdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Khi \u0111\u00f3, li\u00ean minh Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u0103m nhe can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh, n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e3i n\u00f4 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nu\u1edbc c\u0169ng th\u1eeba c\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9. D\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec3 tinh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi g\u1ea9n 2.000, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Monroe tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea9n ch\u00fang h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay xen v\u00e0o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e3i n\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tru\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i tranh v\u0169 trang. ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng 1Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. B\u1ea5t k) \u00fd \u0111\u1ed5 ki&n so\u00e1t hay \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00cd \u00d4 l\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ct\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i \u00c2u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9\u201d. 155","B\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00ab\u00bf1 ng\u1ea7m S\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i l\u1eadp g i\u1ec9a ha! mi\u1ec1n \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1t ng\u1ea9m\u201d ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng Nam B\u1eaeC b\u00ed m\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1edf mi\u1ec3n Nam do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng Saukhi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadpk\u1ebft th\u00fac, mi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00f4 B\u1eafc \u0111i l\u00ean con \u0111ubng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u00eda t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 da \u0111en tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mi\u00e9n Namth\u00ec ti\u1ebfpt\u1ee5c m\u1edfr\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1nkinht\u1ebfd\u1ed3n\u0111i\u1ec1ntheo cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1eafc n\u1ed5 ra, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebf d\u1ed9 n\u1ed3 l\u1ec7. Gi\u0169a hai mi\u1ec3n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc 60.000 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da den d\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do b\u1ea7ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00ed\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0nguy\u00eanv\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao\u0111\u1ed9ng. con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u201cD\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ng\u1ea9m\u201d l\u00e0 Harriet Tubman, b\u00e0 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp n\u00e0y the hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gay g\u1eaft trong cu\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n l\u1ea7 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, sau khi tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tranhgi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edfmi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, giai c\u1ea5pt\u01b0s\u1ea3n mien B\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1849, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n th\u1ea7m nh\u1eadp tr\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00f9 trutng c\u00e1c bang m\u1edbi tt\u00ec\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bang mi\u1ec1n Nam, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u01a1n 300 n\u00f4 bang t\u1ef1do, \u0111i theo con d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tr\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ec7 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Harriet du\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 mi\u1ec1n Namth\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9 tru\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en bang m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bang cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1nt\u1ea1i, muu\u0111\u1ed5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebd' \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4l\u1ec7 t\u1edbi mi\u1ec3n T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ng\u1ea7m\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lung lay ch\u00f9 n\u00f4mi\u1ec3n Namt\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdtrong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e3i n\u00f4 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9d\u1ec3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e0nhth\u00e1ng l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0md\u1ea5y l\u1ebdn s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o. ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9c\u00f9a\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3onh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c. N\u0103m 1854, t\u1ea1i Kansas \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang c\u00f9a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bang t\u1ef1donh\u1eb5m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 mi\u1ec3n Nam. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5utranh k\u00e9od\u00e0i chot\u1edbi n\u0103m1856. N\u0103m1857, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 l\u1ea1i muu \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ea' \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ra to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Nam- B\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebdn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5ra. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1eedi ngh\u0129a John Brown So s\u00e1nh v\u1ec9 l\u1ef1c M\u1ecdtaggi\u1eefa hai rni\u00cdB Nan - B\u1ea5c Mte ra\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a John Brown l\u1ea7 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ea' \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 do ngu\u1eddi da \u0111en Tru\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, hai mi\u1ec1n Nam * B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trir\u00f4c khi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u th\u1ebf ri\u00eang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1eafc di\u1ec5n ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 John Brown, \u00f4ng sinh ra \u01afu th\u00ea' c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc: Kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng. ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea9m r\u1ed9, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cha \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh i\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ed5i d\u00e0o, d\u00e2n s\u00f4' \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n mi\u1ec3n Nam ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, Brown c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 23 bang, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng tham gia phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e3i n\u00f4. 22 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; c\u00f2n mi\u1ec3n Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 11 bang v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 9 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1pg 10 n\u0103m 1859, Brown d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en), giao ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn du\u1eddng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang t\u1ea1i Harpers Ferry, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh. b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea9u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Do thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec3n Nam: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chi\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 tranh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1ed7ng n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a d\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edbng f\u0129nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e0i \u00e1p, John Brown b\u1ecb treo c\u1ed5. Tuy cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o tr\u1ee3. gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ed1 56","*g Lincoln - t\u1eed d\u1ea7n thrifag t\u1ee9i t\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7ng ntf\u1edfc M\u1ef9 Lincoln l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 16 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. N\u0103m 1860, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf (nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1861 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1864), v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean tranh c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\\\" Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1860, \u00d4ng d\u1ea5c c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 16 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Lincoln sinh ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1809 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 \u1edf qu\u1eadn Hardin Trong th\u1eddi gian Lincoln l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c bang Kentucky. Cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1ea5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. Do gia c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i, chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Sau khi Lincoln \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc, th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu \u00f4ng t\u1eebng Lincoln nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0, c\u00f4ng M\u1ef9 n\u1ed5 ra. nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec1n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t nu\u1edbc, N\u0103m 1830, c\u1ea3 gia \u0111inh Lincoln chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi Lincoln l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u bang Illinois thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Th\u00e1ng 8 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec3n Nam. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1834, Lincoln \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 c\u1ee7a bang n\u00e0y. \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9u Qua qu\u00e1 trinh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, Lincoln tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1836. N\u0103m 1846, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean bang. nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u201cLu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1862, v\u1edbi d\u0169ng kh\u00ed Lincoln l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea9m, t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d, theo b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n th\u00ec k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c bang m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1863, nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf bang t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u00ea' \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. N\u0103m 1850, Lincoln r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ti\u1ebfp Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1864, Lincoln \u0111\u1ea5c c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. N\u0103m 1854, \u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai. Lincoln b\u1ecb \u1ea7m s\u1eaft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t nu\u1edbc, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1865, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac do cho n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en, tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n mi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Lincoln chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 14 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1865, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd trong l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh phu nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 xem bi\u1ec3u danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n. V\u00e0o 10 gi\u1edd 15 ph\u00fat, khi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng George Washington. \u0111ang \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng gh\u1ebf VIP, John Wilkes Booth, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 li\u00ean minh mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u00e3 157 b\u1eafn l\u00e9n sau l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng. Do g\u00e3 Booth \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1edf k\u1ecbch, n\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 1.600 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang, 1i\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong ph\u00f2ng gh\u1ebf VIP c\u1ee7a Lincoln. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, g\u00e3 Booth t\u1eeb trong ph\u00f2ng gh\u1ebf VIp nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t. V\u00e0o h\u1ed5i 7 gi\u1edd 20 ph\u00fat s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, Lincoln qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, hu\u1edfng th\u1ecd 56 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng l\u1ea7 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u00e2c M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o","til Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ec3n b\u00f2ng n\u1ed5 Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1860, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c Lincoln \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb uuth\u00ea' trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1860, c\u00e1c bang Nam Carolina, Georgia, Alabama... l\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 li khai kh\u1ecfi li\u00ean bang. \u0110\u1ea9u th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1861, b\u1ea3y bang mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1ed5m Nam Carolina v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bang kh\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Montgomery th\u1ee5\u00f4c bang Alabama, t\u01b0y\u00ean b\u1ed1th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp li\u00ean minh mi\u1ebfn Nam, \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed Jefferson Davis l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1ed1n bang n\u1eefa gia nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0m h\u00f2a binh t\u1ea1i Washington D. c, nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i. Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1861, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e3 ph\u00e1o t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ebfm quan tr\u1ecdng Sumter t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng Charleston thu\u1ed9c bang Nam Carolina do qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa. Ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 4, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang co cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 ra. \u25a0 \u1ec9 Hai giai do\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9\u1ea5n M\u1ef9 T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1861 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1862 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1863, vi\u1ec7c nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm uu th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai. ch\u00ednh. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00ec chi\u1ebfm uu th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1863, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua \u201cLu\u1eadt tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng binh Chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn giao chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed5m hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Lincoln c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. Trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 lanh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, giao cho tu\u1edbng Grant v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i chien tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh. Tuy \u1edd chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang do t\u01b0\u1edbng Grant ch\u1ec9 huy li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean bang. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cua ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ee7 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebtay qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec3n Nam Lincoln r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p long d\u00e2n, \u1ea3nh h\u00fa\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tm\u1eddng ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00ec qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang l\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1863, qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, Lincoln v\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ea9u th\u00e1ng 7, tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, qu\u00e2n d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a hai mi\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ban b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Gettysburg. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u201cLu\u1eadt d\u00e2t \u0111ai\u201d, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da den t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang. Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1862, Lincoln l\u1ea1i Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1865, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Richmond c\u1ee7a li\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d g\u00e2y minh mi\u1ec3n Nam b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 4, t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ea' gi\u1edbi. N\u1ed9i dung tuy\u00ean bo k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y l\u1ea7 tu\u1edbng Robert E. Lee \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng til\u1edbng Grant, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 158 \u1ebf","\u1ec6\u1ea7\u1ea5 T\u1ec9nh ch\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3a \u201cTuy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1ed1 l\u1ec7\u201d cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1861 t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1865 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea9n ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1862 trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t ra cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. N\u1ed9i dung tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n: K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1863, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c bang n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf mi\u1ec3n Nam \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bang theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tham gia n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f4 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Th\u00ea' nh\u01b0ng, l\u1ec7 da \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean bang. s\u1ef1 k\u00ec th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Sau khi \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban b\u1ed1, n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eeb\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edfc M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea9n ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap cho t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a, n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf va b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 v\u1eabn ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u1eady s\u00f3ng. Tr\u1eadn Gettysburg Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn (ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 7), qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, Tr\u1eadn Gettysburg l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eabm c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ra m\u00e1u nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong tr\u1eadn xung k\u00edch, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. 170.000 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, phe mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u00e1c m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tru\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n li\u1ec7t ba ng\u00e0y ba d\u1ebdm t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. 250 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1ea5ng. Sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, thi Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn (ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n 7 n\u0103m 1863), qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec3n Nam ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n Nam ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn 28.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao n\u01a1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn B\u1eafc ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. Qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong 23.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec3, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn (ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng.Z), qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u00f9ng 300 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u1ec3 ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang. Qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.","Nh\u00e3ng tay s\u00fang b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a trang \u1eca \u00bb L\u1ec9acoln t\u1ef1 ch i gi\u1ea3a minh 1\u00c0 cu\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1eafc (J2I ny\u1ed1c Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1eafc, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, Lincoln v\u00e0 con trai c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i chu\u1ea9n bj s\u1eb5n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng tay s\u00fang b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a. C\u00e1c xe ng\u1ef1a ra ph\u1ed1. Tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n s\u0129 quanv\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh n\u01a1i ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edfth\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i. Lincoln m\u1edf c\u1eeda xe, nho\u00e0i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cN\u00e0y \u00f4ng, \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0o th\u1ebf kia?\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng V\u00e0o n\u0103m1861, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang\u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 hai c\u00f3 \u00fd m\u1ec9a mai qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, li\u1ec1n l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea1. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ea5y! Anh \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 nghi\u00eamng\u1eb7t, m\u00fac y\u1ebduc\u1ea9uth\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eafn ng\u1ed1c!\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 10 ph\u00e1t trong c\u1ef1 li 200 m, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3u Lincoln l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00fang v\u00e0otrong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddngtr\u00f2n c\u00f3\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 25 cm. t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Nh\u00ecn chung h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n r\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t cao. \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda xe. \u00f4ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00f3i v\u1edbi S\u1ed1 ngu\u1eddi b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec3n Nam kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec3u con trai: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3ui\u00e0 c\u00e1c tay b\u1eafn n\u00f3i th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t t\u1ec9a thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea1 trong ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 con th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i tr\u1ebdn chi\u1ebfn tm\u1eddng, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Cha tr\u00ed b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ba vj tu\u1edbng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n H\u00ean ng\u1ed1c.\u201d bang d\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng tru\u1ee1c h\u1ecdng s\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tay b\u1eafn t\u1ec9a mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan c\u1ea5p trung tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm xu\u1ec3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln trong khi th\u1ecb s\u00e1t chi\u1ebfn tnting c\u0169ng tr\u1edfth\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1eddi di th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bj tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n. Lincoln bt\u1ea5t sai th\u1ec9 s\u1eeda Bins 3 K \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1eafc k\u1ebft B\u1ea5c, do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, th\u00fac, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan xu\u1ea5t ng\u0169 Lincoln v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1eebi \u0103n m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7. da tr\u1eafng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng 3 K t\u1ea1i bang Tennessee v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1865, M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u00e1o th\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. v\u1ebft thu\u01a1ng xin ph\u00e9p v\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 th\u0103m v\u1ee3 \u0111ang \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb Lincoln nghi\u00eam m\u1eb7t m\u1eafng \u0110\u1ea3ng 3 K l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eabt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng Ku-Klux-Klan. m\u1ecf, vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i. S\u00e1ng T\u1eeb \u201cKu-Klux\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed5nI t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1edbm h\u00f4m sau, khi tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp s\u00e1ng th\u00ec vi\u00ean \u201cbang h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d. T\u1eeb \u201cKlan\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb bQ s\u0129 quan \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda l\u1ea1c Scotland, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ngu\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra t\u1ed3 ph\u00f2ng. Khi m\u1edf c\u1eeda ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Lincoln. ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 Scotland. Lincoln th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, V\u00ec ba t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201cK\u201d, cho n\u00ean h\u00f4m qua t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 x\u1eed qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng 3 K, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean \u201cli\u00ean minh da tr\u1eafng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d. ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam H\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1ea5c, c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o ng\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xin anh h\u00e3y d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. tha th\u1ee9 cho t\u00f4i.\u201d Lincoln c\u00f2n \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n xin b\u1ed9 L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n cho vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan n\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea3ng 3 K gieo r\u1eb1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a anh ta t\u1edbi c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u1ec3 qu\u00ea. t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 triidng tu\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1eddi da \u0111en, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c con tin, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e0n s\u00e1t... \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 tu\u1edfng c\u1edfi m\u1edf. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00ec th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c x\u1ea5u xa cua h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. \u1ed1 ' 60","fk nt\u00ed\u1edfcTh\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4 Washington D.c c\u1ea3a M\u1ef9 Th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4Washington D.c c\u1ee7a nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea9y tu\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Washington, nh\u00e0 tu\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Thomas \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1eb7c khuColumbiaWashington\u201d, c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t Jefferson v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tu\u1edfng ni\u1ec7mLincoln... Washington c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3ot\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0B\u1ea3ot\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 H\u00e0ng George Washington v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9uti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n rach\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean... Th\u01b0vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 Cdumbus. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edfb\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eb7c khu\u0111u\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9ux\u00e2y c\u00f9a s\u00f4ng Potomac t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i giaonhauv\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Anacostia, n\u1eb1mgi\u1eefa ti\u1ec3ubang Marylandv\u1ea7 ti\u1ec3ubangVirginia, tr\u1ef1c d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m1800 l\u00e0th\u01b0vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbnth\u1ee9hai tr\u1ebdnth\u1ebfgi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh. chl \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Th\u01b0vi\u1ec7n V. I. Lenin \u00f2 Moscow c\u1ee7a Nga. N\u1eb1mk\u1ebfb\u00eanTh\u01b0vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1ch\u1ed9i l\u1ea7Th\u01b0vi\u1ec7n Shakespeare V\u00e0oth\u1eddi kl \u0111\u1ea9ud\u1ef1ng r\u0129u\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 c\u1ee7a hai mi\u00ean v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafpth\u1ebfgi\u1edbi v\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0utr\u1eefc\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nam- B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3umu\u1ed1n\u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee7\u0111\u00f4trong \u0111\u1ecbaph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a phe n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Shakespeare v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft. Cu\u00f4i cung, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ra li\u00ean quan. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Washington, d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Washington ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. h\u01b0\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c gia, trung t\u00e2mtr\u00ecnh di\u00ean ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt John L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Washington \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn F. Kennedy... \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng d\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1nhi\u00ean gi\u0169a hai mi\u1ec1n Nam- B\u1eafc th\u1eddi c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. C\u00f4ngtrinh ki\u1ebfntr\u00fac c\u00f3di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5s\u1edfb\u1ed9Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1ea9u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edds\u00f4ng Potomac l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c khu l\u00e0 6.094 km2, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch N\u0103mG\u00f3c. N\u00f3l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ngtrinh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u0103mc\u1ea1nh do n\u0103mki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hlnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 178 km2, l\u00e0 trungt\u00e2mch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, Phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Washington D.c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, t\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i c\u00f3th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y xanh. N\u00f3c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 d\u1ea1i da s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 li\u00ean bang vi\u00ean, du&ng \u0111i r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tru\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u1edbn nhat trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng Washington D. c c\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103mc\u00f4ng trinh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, vi\u00ean Croke v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 710 ha. \u0111\u00e0i tu\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m, tu\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng - dinh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 dinh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, n\u1eb1m ng\u01a1i), ph\u00f2ng D\u1ecf (ph\u00f2ng d\u00e0nh cho phu nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch), ph\u00f2ng Xanh L\u1ee5c (ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Pennsylvania do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp James Hoban thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1792, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3i ngo\u1ea1i giao (ph\u00f2ng d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 George Washington c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c). B\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng, n\u0103m 1800 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng trinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f3 treo m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn v\u1ebd phong c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb\u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 John th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf ph\u00eda Nam ngay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh Adams tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea9ng hai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. t\u1ea9ng ba c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u01b0vi\u1ec7n (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9a s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n), Ban \u0111\u1ea9u, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m. ph\u00f2ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed5 (l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i), b\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y (tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5 Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Anh - M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1814, \u0103n vi\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Anh - Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 Trung Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Anh ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c), ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed5ng nghi\u00eamtr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 che ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00f2ng sinh ho\u1ea1t chung. \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Do \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ng c\u0169ng du\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f2a B\u1ea1ch \u1ed1c t\u1eebng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n\u201d. C\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng chu y\u1ebfu g\u1ed5m r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a N\u0103m 19Q2 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Theodore Roosevelt ch\u00ednh phu nh\u00e2n, ph\u00f2ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o tham quan. th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng\u201d. C\u00e1nh T\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec3u l\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i, Nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n Tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 7,3 ha, g\u1ed5m 132 ph\u00f2ng ph\u00f2ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng - d\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0 g\u1ed5m c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1nh T\u00e2y, ph\u00f2ng B\u1ea9u D\u1ee5c, n\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng. h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, k\u00ed c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0m. M\u1eb7t ph\u00eda B\u1ea5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o chinh, sau khi v\u00e0o trong c\u1ed5ng thl theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3n 161 s\u1ea3nh, s\u1ea3nh trong v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng Xanh Da Tr\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1ec1 (ph\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c y\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec9","Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln r\u1ea5t b\u1ec7 v\u1ec7, trang nghi\u00eam gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tu\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln khi tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t chu\u1edbc theo ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Parthenon \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tu\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec kh\u1eafc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Lincoln \u1edf Gettysburg. Tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ngay sau N\u0103m 1867, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai n\u0103m sau khi Lincoln b\u1ecb l\u01b0ng b\u1ee9c tu\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cLincoln \u00e1m s\u00e1t, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n N\u00ean bang, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n kh\u1ea5c ghi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln. N\u0103m 1913 \u0111\u01b0a trong l\u00f2ng\u201d. Xung quanh c\u00f2n trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1914 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed5 kh\u1edfi b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 c\u00f4ng, n\u0103m 1922 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb khi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7, Nam - B\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh qua d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1edbi khi nghi\u1ec7m thu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 55 n\u0103m t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung cho ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u1edbi 13 \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Nam \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc l\u00e0 58 m, chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ec9 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y l\u00e0 36 m, cao 25 m, xung quanh nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7 36 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m thach th\u1ed1ng Lincoln. m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 36 ti\u1ebfu bang khi t\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln qua \u0111\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i g\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec1u co kh\u1eafc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00f3. th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Washington B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eadp ngay D.c. C\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 6 th\u00e1ng 4 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngoi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng thong (ng\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c sinh theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9), c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng Lincoln \u1edfch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa do h\u01a1n 20 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00e0 gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 tinh x\u1ea3o, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu, tr\u00f4ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ttftfng N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do r\u00e1p th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9nq t\u1edbi 80 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5m, 300.000 chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh t\u00e1n de T\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4' \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o gi\u00e0n s\u1eaft b\u00ean trong b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ri\u00eang M\u1ef9, n\u00f3\u0129\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p t\u1eb7ng cho nu\u1edbc gi\u00e0n s\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi 120 t\u00e3n s\u1ea5t th\u00e9p, t\u1ed5ng M\u1ef9 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng d\u1ecbp k\u1ec9 ni\u00eam 100 n\u0103m nu\u1edfc M\u1ef9 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 pho titfng l\u00e0 225 t\u1ea5n. gianh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia N\u1eef th\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 \u0111o\u201d. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ea9ng h\u00e0o quang t\u1ecfa ra xung quanh, b\u1ea3y tia s\u00e1ng T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1874 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ecfa ra tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1884 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 10 n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1884, tu\u1ee3ng N\u1eef t\u1ef1 do r\u1ea1ng soi kh\u1eafp b\u1ea3y ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Tu\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eb7ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. T\u1ef1 do kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng d\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3u La Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 8, ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ee3ng N\u1eef than M\u00e3, tay ph\u1ea3i gi\u01a1 cao ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c tu\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho T\u1ef1 do b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Liberty c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eafc Manhattan. Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1885, pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng du\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng n\u0103m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi New York. Trung tu\u1ea9n th\u00e1ng 10 cua n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 La M\u00e3. D\u00d9\u1edai ch\u1ea9n b\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m 1886, vi\u1ec7c r\u00e1p tu\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00edch g\u1eaby r\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1. Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 10, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. M\u1ef9 Grover Cleveland \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec bu\u1ed5i l\u00ea kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ngu\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1. N\u0103m 1916, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Wilson \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u1eafp Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng IM\u1eeeth\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 do cao 46 m, ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean pho","B\u00e1c th i\u1ec9 hay c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1ea5y \u0111i\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2n trang cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eefth\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 do. Sau khi c\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i khi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed5ng, s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t. \u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc bu-l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed5ng ph\u00ea' li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai. \u0110\u1ec3 thu d\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng khai. Do \u1edf New York, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1. L\u1ea5y ch\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m ph\u00ea' li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00ed r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, n\u1ebfu x\u1eed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u00f3c treo ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3ng l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tru\u1ee1ng Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a New York. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf t\u1ea1i chl tr\u00edch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi t\u00f4' v\u1ec1 c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m thu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. D\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m \u0103n t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111em b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng, cho n\u00ean v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng hoa. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ai t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea9u. \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y Khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y ba th\u00e1ng, ti McCall n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t \u1edf \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, Ph\u00e1p, sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111em t\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c trong con m\u1eaft ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 bay v\u1ec3 New York. Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 3,5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. k\u00ed ngay h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng","\u201cT\u00fap l\u00e9n b\u00e1c T\u00f2m\u201d \u1ec6 ! N \u1ec9 i h i v i i Harriet 1\u2014ckwr \u201cT\u00fap l\u1ec3u b\u00e1c T\u00f4m\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t Stow* c\u1ee7a n\u1eef nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Harriet Beecher Stowe. B\u00e1c T\u00f4m, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, B\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 sinh n\u0103m 1811 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang Connecticut, qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1896. s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 Cha b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. N\u0103m 1852, chju kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cT\u00fap l\u1ec3u b\u00e1c T\u00f4m\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1c T\u00f4m\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i du\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n b\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi b\u00e0 g\u1ed5m: \u201cDred, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea9y th\u1ea3m. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1852, t\u0103m t\u1ed1i\u201d (n\u0103m 1856); \u201cVi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1eady s\u00f3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea3o Orr\u201d (n\u0103m 1862); \u201cTuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng (n\u0103m 1867); \u201cB\u00e0 con \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u0169\u201d (n\u0103m 1869); tr\u00e0o b\u00e3i n\u00f4 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea9n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n m\u00e0u h\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nam - B\u1ea5c n\u1ed5 ra. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng (n\u0103m 1871). N\u0103m 1871, b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3o Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1ec7 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u201cV\u1ee3 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i\u201d, cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng du\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef n\u1eef nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u01a1m m\u1ea9m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. tranh\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n nay, cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cT\u00fap l\u1ec1u b\u00e1c T\u00f4m\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang nhi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201cl\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9\u201d. \u201cCn\u1ed5a thao chi\u1ec3u gi\u00f3\\\" Nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 B\u1ed9 phim \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3\u201d d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5c t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft t\u1eebng g\u00e2y theo n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 h\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 li\u00ean m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i Oscar, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 phim kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i quan t\u1edbi n\u00f3 - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3\u201d. ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh th\u00ea' gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec3u gi\u00f3\\\" \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3\u201d l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vinh danh. lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nu\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3\u201d c\u1eb7p thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ebb g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1eef ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Margaret Mitchell, sinh ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Scarlett O\u2019Hara, c\u1ea5u t\u1ee9 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, n\u1ed9i dung mi\u00eau 1900 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlanta, M\u1ef9. Cha b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 tinh t\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hoa m\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf Mitchell \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1eadm c\u00e1 t\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7. B\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp s\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1edd \u201cAtlanta News\u201d. B\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ngang b\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec3u gi\u00f3\u201d m\u1ea5t 10 c\u1ee7a Scarlett O\u2019Hara c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u0103m. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u00e2y t\u1ea9ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb m\u00e3i. ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u0103m 1949, Mitchell qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec tai n\u1ea1n 50.000 b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec1u giao th\u00f4ng. \u201cCu\u1ed1n theo chi\u1ec3u gi\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, lu\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ra trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng 1 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n. kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi."]