bp102s_Narada-Buddha_and_His_Teachings

["extended\teverywhere\twithout\tlimitation. 415.\t These\t ten\t kinds\t of\t corpses\t were\t found\t in\t ancient cemeteries\t and\t charnel\t places\t where\t dead\t bodies\t were not\t buried\t or\t cremated\t and\t where\t flesh-eating\t beasts and\t birds\t frequent.\t Nowadays,\t these\t bodies\t can\t be viewed\t in\t mortuaries.\t In\t some\t Thai\t monasteries\t there are\t burial\t grounds\t where\t decaying\t bodies\t can\t be viewed.\tPhotographs\twith\tdead\tbodies\tin\tvarious\tstages of\tdecay,\tetc,\tare\talso\tavailable\tin\tmonasteries. 416.\tAnussati\tlit.,\tmeans\tconstant\tmindfulness. 417.\t\u0100h\u0101re\tpaikk\u016blasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101,\ti.e.,\tthe\tfeeling\tof\tloathsomeness of\tfood\tin\tits\tsearch,\teating,\tetc. 418.\t Catudh\u0101tuvavatth\u0101na\u2014i.e.,\t the\t investigation\t of\t the four\t primary\t elements\t of\t extension\t (pa\u1e6dhav\u012b),\tcohesion (\u0101po),\t heat\t (tejo),\t and\t motion\t (v\u0101yo),\t with\t regard\t to their\tspecial\tcharacteristics. 419.\tIn\tthe\tcase\tof\tearth\tkasi\u1e47a\tone\tmakes\ta\tcircle\tof\tabout one\t span\t and\t four\t fingers\t in\t diameter\t and,\t covering\t it with\t dawn-coloured\t clay,\t smoothes\t it\t well.\t If\t there\t be not\t enough\t clay\t of\t the\t dawn\t colour,\t he\t may\t introduce some\t other\t kind\t of\t clay\t beneath.\t This\t concentrative circle\tis\tknown\tas\tkasi\u1e47a-ma\u1e47\u1e0dala. The\t remaining\t kasi\u1e47as\t should\t be\t similarly understood.\t Details\t are\t given\t in\t the\t Visuddhimagga\t .\t It may\t be\t mentioned\t that\t light\t and\t space\t kasi\u1e47as\t are\t not found\t in\t the\t text.\t When\t they\t are\t excluded\t there\t are thirty-eight\tsubjects. 420.\tIncluded\tbelow,\tSee\tSatipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na\tSutta. 751","421.\tFor\tthe\tcomplete\ttext,\tsee\tSee\tSatipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na\tSutta. 422.\tThe\tthird\tstage\tof\tthe\tpath\tof\tpurity 423.\tKa\u1e45kh\u0101vitara\u1e47avisuddhi,\tthe\tfourth\tstage\tof\tthe\tpath\tof purity. 424.\t Magg\u0101magga\u00f1\u0101\u1e47adassanavisuddhi,\t the\t fifth\t stage\t of the\tpath\tof\tpurity. 425.\t These\t nine\t kinds\t of\t insight\u2014namely,\t udaya-,\t vaya-, bha\u1e45ga-,\t bhaya-,\t \u0101d\u012bnava-,\t id\u0101-,\t mu\u00f1citukamyat\u0101-, patisa\u1e45kh\u0101-,\tand\tupekkh\u0101-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a\u2014are\tcollectively\ttermed pa\u1e6dipad\u0101\u00f1\u0101\u1e47adassanavisuddhi,\t purity\t of\t vision\t as regards\t knowledge\t of\t progress,\t and\t are\t the\t sixth\t stage of\tthe\tpath\tof\tpurity. 426.\tInsight\tfound\tin\tthis\tsupramundane\tpath\tconsciousness is\t known\t as\t m\u0101nadassanavisuddhi\u2014purity\t of\t vision which\tis\tknowledge,\tthe\tseventh\tmember\tof\tthe\tpath\tof purity. 427.\tDr.\tDahlke. 428.\tSee\tDhammasa\u1e45ga\u1e47\u012b\tTranslation,\tp.\t259. 429.\tSection\t1005. 430.\t Literally,\t 'attainment\t to\t cessation'.\t See\t Bodhi,\t Ed.,\t A Comprehensive\t Manual\t of\t Abhidhamma,\t pp.\t 178,\t 363 ff. 431.\tThe\tPath\tof\tPurity,\tpart\tii,\tp.\t872. 432.\tPsalms\tof\tthe\tBrethren.\tp.\t346. 433.\tSee\tWoodward,\tVerses\tof\tUplift,\tp.\t114. 752","434.\t Evidently\t the\t writer\t is\t referring\t to\t the\t state\t of\t an arahant\tafter\tdeath. 435.\tOf\tlife\tin\tthe\tround\tof\texistence,\ti.e.,\tan\tarahant. 436.\t One\t gives\t up\t sorrow\t by\t attaining\t an\u0101g\u0101mi,\t the\t third stage\t of\t sainthood.\t It\t is\t at\t this\t stage\t one\t eradicates completely\t attachment\t to\t sense-desires\t and\t ill\t will\t or aversion. 437.\tSabbadhi,\tthe\tfive\taggregates\tetc. 438.\t There\t are\t four\t kinds\t of\t ga\u1e47has\t (ties):\t i.\t covetousness (abhijjh\u0101),\t ii.\t ill\t will\t (vy\u0101p\u0101da),\t iii.\t indulgence\t in (wrongful)\t rites\t and\t ceremonies\t (s\u012blabbatapar\u0101m\u0101sa), and\tiv.\tadherence\tto\tone's\tpreconceptions\tas\ttruth\t(ida\u1e43 sacc\u0101bhinivesa). 439.\tThis\tverse\trefers\tto\tthe\tethical\tstate\tof\tan\tarahant.\tHeat is\t both\t physical\t and\t mental.\t An\t arahant\t experiences bodily\t heat\t as\t long\t as\t he\t is\t alive,\t but\t is\t not\t thereby worried.\tMental\theat\tof\tpassions\the\texperiences\tnot. 440.\t Arahants\t wander\t whithersoever\t they\t like\t without\t any attachment\t to\t any\t particular\t place\t as\t they\t are\t free\t from the\tconception\tof\t\\\"I\\\"\tand\t\\\"mine. 441.\t There\t are\t two\t kinds\t of\t accumulation\u2014namely, kammic\t activities\t and\t the\t four\t necessaries\t of\t life.\t The former\t tend\t to\t prolong\t life\t in\t sa\u1e43s\u0101ra\t and\t the\t latter, though\t essential,\t may\t prove\t an\t obstacle\t to\t spiritual progress. 442.\tTo\tget\trid\tof\tthe\tdesire\tfor\tfood. 443.\tNibb\u0101na\tis\tdeliverance\tfrom\tsuffering\t(vimokkha).\tIt\tis 753","called\t void\t because\t it\t is\t void\t of\t lust,\t hatred\t and ignorance,\t not\t because\t it\t is\t nothingness\t or\t annihilation. Nibb\u0101na\t is\t a\t positive\t supramundane\t state\t which\t cannot be\texpressed\tin\tmundane\twords.\tIt\tis\tsignless\tbecause\tit is\t free\t from\t the\t signs\t of\t lust\t etc..\t Arahants\t experience Nibb\u0101nic\t bliss\t while\t alive.\t It\t is\t not\t correct\t to\t say\t that arahants\texist\tafter\tdeath,\tor\tdo\tnot\texist\tafter\tdeath,\tfor Nibb\u0101na\t is\t neither\t eternalism\t nor\t nihilism.\t In\t Nibb\u0101na nothing\t is\t eternalised\t nor\t is\t anything,\t except\t passions, annihilated.\t arahants\t experience\t Nibb\u0101nic\t bliss\t by attaining\tto\tthe\tfruit\tof\tarahantship\tin\tthis\tlife\titself. 444.\tBy\tindakh\u012bla\tis\tmeant\teither\ta\tcolumn\tas\tfirm\tand\thigh as\tthat\tof\tSakka's,\tor\tthe\tchief\tcolumn\tthat\tstands\tat\tthe entrance\tto\ta\tcity. Commentators\t state\t that\t these\t indakh\u012blas\t are\t firm posts\t which\t are\t erected\t either\t inside\t or\t outside\t the\t city as\tan\tembellishment.\tUsually\tthey\tare\tmade\tof\tbricks\tor of\tdurable\twood\tand\tare\toctagonal\tin\tshape.\tHalf\tof\tthe post\t is\t embedded\t in\t the\t earth,\t hence\t the\t metaphor\t as firm\tand\tsteady\tas\tan\tindakh\u012bla. 445.\t T\u0101di\t is\t one\t who\t has\t neither\t attachment\t to\t desirable objects\tnor\taversion\tto\tundesirable\tobjects.\tNor\tdoes\the cling\tto\tanything.\tAmidst\tthe\teight\tworldly\tconditions\u2014 gain\t and\t loss,\t fame\t and\t infamy,\t blame\t and\t praise, happiness\t and\t pain\u2014an\t arahant\t remains\t unperturbed, manifesting\t neither\t attachment\t nor\t aversion,\t neither elation\tnor\tdepression. 446.\tAs\tthey\tare\tnot\tsubject\tto\tbirth\tand\tdeath. 447.\tFrom\tall\tdefilements. 754","448.\tSince\this\tmind\tis\tabsolutely\tpure. 449.\tThe\tpun\tin\tthe\toriginal\tPali\tis\tlost\tin\tthe\ttranslation. 450.\t Assaddho\u2014lit.,\t unfaithful.\t He\t does\t not\t merely\t accept from\t other\t sources\t because\t he\t himself\t knows\t from personal\texperience. 451.\tAkata,\tNibb\u0101na.\tIt\tis\tso\tcalled\tbecause\tit\tis\tnot\tcreated by\t anyone.\t Akata\u00f1\u00f1\u016b\t can\t also\t be\t interpreted\t as ungrateful. 452.\t The\t links\t of\t existence\t and\t rebirth.\t Sandhicchedo\t also means\ta\thouse-breaker\tthat\tis\ta\tburglar. 453.\tHata\t+\tavak\u0101so,\the\twho\thas\tdestroyed\tthe\topportunity. 454.\tVanta\t+\t\u0101so,\the\twho\teats\tvomit\tis\tanother\tmeaning. 455.\t By\t means\t of\t the\t four\t paths\t of\t sainthood.\t Gross\t forms of\t desire\t are\t eradicated\t at\t the\t first\t three\t stages,\t the subtle\tforms\tat\tthe\tlast\tstage. 456.\tNinna\tand\tthala,\tlit.,\tlow-lying\tand\televated\tgrounds. 457.\t The\t passionless\t arahants\t rejoice\t in\t secluded\t forests which\thave\tno\tattraction\tfor\tworldlings. 458.\tFree\tfrom\tthe\tdisease\tof\tpassions 459.\t Ki\u00f1cana,\t such\t as\t lust,\t hatred,\t and\t delusion\t which\t are hindrances\tto\tspiritual\tprogress. 460.\tP\u0101ra\u1e43\u2014the\tsix\tinternal,\tpersonal\tsense-fields. 461.\tAp\u0101ra\u1e43\u2014the\tsix\texternal\tsense-fields. 462.\tNot\tgrasping\tanything\tas\t\\\"me\\\"\tand\t\\\"mine.\\\" 463.\t He\t who\t practises\t concentration\t (samatha)\t and\t insight 755","(vipassan\u0101). 464.\t\u0100s\u012bna\u1e43\u2014living\talone\tin\tthe\tforest 465.\tBy\trealising\tthe\tfour\ttruths\tand\teradicating\tthe\tfetters 466.\tThat\tis,\tNibb\u0101na. 467.\tWho\thas\tunderstood\tthe\tfour\tnoble\ttruths. 468.\tDevoted\tto\treligious\tausterity. 469.\t Because\t he,\t having\t destroyed\t the\t passions\t would\t be reborn\tno\tmore. 470.\tThe\tburden\tof\tthe\taggregates. 471.\tWho\tknows\tthe\tway\tto\tthe\twoeful\tstates,\tto\tthe\tblissful states,\tand\tto\tNibb\u0101na. 472.\tLiterally,\ttowards\tbeings. 473.\tThose\twho\tare\tattached\tto\tthe\taggregates. 474.\tLust,\thatred,\tdelusion,\tpride\tand\tfalse\tviews. 475.\tUndisturbed\tby\tdefilements. 476.\tThat\tis,\tattachment\tto\tsense-desires. 477.\tArati,\tdislike\tfor\tforest\tlife\t(commentary). 478.\t Upadhi.\t There\t are\t four\t kinds\t of\t upadhi\u2014namely,\t the aggregates\t (khandha),\t the\t passions\t (kilesa),\t volitional activities\t(abhisa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101),\tand\tsense-desires\t(k\u0101ma). 479.\tThat\tis,\tthe\tworld\tof\taggregates. 480.\tUsabha\u1e43,\tfearless\tas\ta\tbull. 481.\tMahesi\u1e43,\tseeker\tof\thigher\tmorality,\tconcentration,\tand 756","wisdom. 482.\tVijit\u0101vina\u1e43,\tthe\tconqueror\tof\tpassions. 483.\tNah\u0101taka\u1e43,\the\twho\thas\twashed\taway\tall\timpurities. 484.\tBuddha\u1e43,\the\twho\thas\tunderstood\tthe\tfour\tnoble\ttruths. 485.\t Sagga,\t the\t six\t heavenly\t realms,\t the\t sixteen\t r\u016bpa realms,\tand\tthe\tfour\tar\u016bpa\trealms. 486.\tAp\u0101ya\tthe\tfour\twoeful\tstates. 487.\tJ\u0101tikkhaya\u1e43,\ti.e.,\tarahantship. 488.\t Abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101vosito,\t i.e.,\t reached\t the\t culmination\t by comprehending\tthat\twhich\tshould\tbe\tcomprehended,\tby discarding\t that\t which\t should\t be\t discarded,\t by\t realising that\t which\t should\t be\t realised,\t and\t by\t developing\t that which\tshould\tbe\tdeveloped\t(commentary). 489.\t Sabbavositavosana\u1e43,\t i.e.,\t having\t lived\t the\t holy\t life which\t culminates\t in\t wisdom\t pertaining\t to\t the\t path\t of arahantship,\tthe\tend\tof\tall\tpassions. 490.\tLiterally,\ta\thearer. 491.\tLiterally,\ta\tworthy\tor\tpassionless\tone. 492.\t Prof.\t Rhys\t Davids\t writes\t in\t his\t Buddhist\t Birth\t Stories (p.\txxxiv):\t\\\"There\tis\ta\treligious\tromance\tcalled\tBarlaam and\tJoasaph,\tgiving\tthe\thistory\tof\tan\tIndian\tprince\twho was\t converted\t by\t Barlaam\t and\t became\t a\t hermit.\t This history,\t the\t reader\t will\t be\t surprised\t to\t hear,\t is\t taken from\t the\t life\t of\t the\t Buddha;\t and\t Joasaph\t is\t merely\t the Buddha\t under\t another\t name,\t the\t word\t Joasaph,\t or, Josaphat,\t being\t simply\t a\t corruption\t of\t the\t word 757","Bodisat.\\\"\t \\\"Joasaph\t is\t in\t Arabic\t written\t also\t Yudasatf; and\tthis,\tthrough\ta\tconfusion\tbetween\tthe\tArabic\tletters Y\tand\tB,\tis\tfor\tBodisat\\\".\tSee\tEncyclopaedia\tof\tReligion and\tEthics,\tvol.\t6,\tp.\t567. 493.\t P\u0101ram\u012b:\t \\\"P\u0101ram\\\",\t beyond,\t i.e.,\t bodhi\t or\t enlightment, \\\"i\\\",\t to\t go.\t Literally,\t it\t means\t that\t which\t enables\t one\t to go\t to\t the\t further\t shore.\t The\t Pali\t term\t p\u0101ram\u012bt\u0101\t is\t also used\tin\tthe\tsame\tsense. 494.\t Vy\u0101grhi\t J\u0101taka,\t J\u0101takam\u0101l\u0101\t story\t No.\t 1,\t a\t Mah\u0101y\u0101na Sanskrit\twork\tby\t\u0100ryas\u016bra. 495.\tJ\u0101taka\tStories,\tNo.\t440. 496.\t\\\"One\twho\tto\tsave\ta\tlimb\trich\ttreasure\tgave Would\tsacrifice\ta\tlimb,\this\tlife\tto\tsave Yea,\twealth,\tlimb,\tlife\tand\tall\taway\twould\tfling, Right\tand\tits\tclaims\talone\tremembering.\\\" 497.\tJ\u0101taka\tStories,\tvol.\tiii,\tp.\t158. 498.\t Derived\t from\t the\t root\t \\\"bhikkha,\\\"\t to\t beg.\t Bhikkhu, literally,\tmeans\t\\\"one\twho\tbegs.\\\"\tSee\tp.\t503 499.\tJ\u0101taka\tStories,\tvol.\tiii.\tp.\t28. 500.\tJ\u0101taka\tStories,\tvol.\tiii,\tp.\t130 501.\tWarren,\tBuddhism\tin\tTranslations. 502.\tWarren,\tBuddhism\tin\tTranslations. 503.\tWarren,\tBuddhism\tin\tTranslations. 504.\tSee\tChalmers,\tBuddha's\tTeaching,\tp.221. 505.\tMajjhima\tNik\u0101ya,\tGha\u1e6d\u012bk\u0101ra\tSutta,\tNo.\t81. 758","506.\tDhp,\tv.\t5. 507.\tDhp\tv.\t320. 508.\tSee\tnote\t494. 509.\tSee\t\u0100nanda\tBodhi\tTree. 510.\tSee\tDhp\tv.\t124 511.\t,\tv.\tp.\t334 512.\tOuspensky,\tTertium\tOrganum,\tp.\t8. 513.\t During\t the\t time\t occupied\t by\t a\t flash\t of\t lightning billions\tand\tbillions\tof\tthought-moments\tmay\tarise. 514.\tSir\tCharles\tSherrington,\tLife's\tUnfolding,\tp.\t32. 515.\tOuspensky,\tTertium\tOrganum,\tp.\t125 516.\tSri\tRadhakrishna,\tIndian\tPhilosophy,\tVol.\t1.\tp.\t278. 517.\t \\\"There\t are\t about\t 1,000,000\t planetary\t systems\t in\t the Milky\t Way\t in\t which\t life\t may\t exist.\\\"\t See\t Fred\t Hoyle, The\tNature\tof\tthe\tUniverse,\tpp.\t87-89. 518.\tIndian\tPhilosophy,\tVol.\tI,\tp.\t201. 519.\tIndian\tPhilosophy,\tVol.\tI,\tp.\t2. 520.\tBertrand\tRussell,\tReligion\tand\tScience,\tp.\t191. 521.\tReligion\tand\tScience,\tp.221. 522.\tTertium\tOrganum,\tp.\t192. 759","Table\tof\tContents The\tBuddha\tand\tHis\tTeachings 2 Contents 4 Editor's\tPreface\tto\tthe\tSecond\tEdition 6 Introduction\tto\tthe\tSecond\tEdition 9 About\tthe\tAuthor:\tVenerable\tN\u0101rada\tMah\u0101thera 18 I.\tThe\tBuddha\tFrom\tBirth\tto\tRenunciation 19 II.\tHis\tStruggle\tfor\tEnlightenment 34 III.\tBuddhahood 48 IV.\tAfter\tthe\tEnlightenment 57 V.\tThe\tInvitation\tto\tExpound\tthe\tDhamma 66 VI.\tDhammacakkappavattana\tSutta\t\u2014\tThe\tFirst 80 Discourse VII.\tThe\tTeaching\tof\tthe\tDhamma 104 VIII.\tThe\tBuddha\tand\this\tRelatives 118 IX.\tThe\tBuddha\tand\this\tRelatives\t(Continued) 134 X.\tThe\tBuddha's\tChief\tOpponents\tAnd\tSupporters 151 XI.\tThe\tBuddha's\tRoyal\tPatrons 177 XII.\tThe\tBuddha's\tMinistry 189 XIII.\tThe\tBuddha's\tDaily\tRoutine 207 XIV.\tThe\tBuddha's\tParinibb\u0101na\t(Death) 213 XV.\tThe\tTeachings\tof\tthe\tBuddha 245 XVI.\tSome\tSalient\tCharacteristics\tof\tBuddhism 269 VII.\tThe\tFour\tNoble\tTruths 289 XVIII.\tKamma 302 760","XIX.\tWhat\tIs\tKamma? 316 XX.\tThe\tWorking\tof\tKamma 328 XXI.\tNature\tof\tKamma 348 XXII.\tWhat\tis\tthe\tOrigin\tof\tLife? 359 XXIII.\tThe\tBuddha\ton\tthe\tSo-Called\tCreator-God 370 XXIV.\tReasons\tto\tBelieve\tin\tRebirth 376 XXV.\tThe\tWheel\tof\tLife\t(Pa\u1e6dicca\tSamupp\u0101da) 385 XXVI.\tModes\tof\tBirth\tand\tDeath 401 XVII.\tPlanes\tof\tExistence 405 XXVIII.\tHow\tRebirth\tTakes\tPlace 414 XXIX.\tWhat\tis\tit\tThat\tis\tReborn?\t(No-Soul) 422 |XXX.\tMoral\tResponsibility 437 XXXI.\tKammic\tDescent\tand\tKammic\tAscent 441 XXXII.\tThe\tDoctrine\tof\tKamma\tand\tRebirth\tin\tthe West 449 XXXIII.\tNibb\u0101na XXXIV.\tCharacteristics\tof\tNibb\u0101na 459 XXXV.\tThe\tWay\tto\tNibb\u0101na\t(I) 468 XXXVI.\tThe\tWay\tto\tNibb\u0101na\t(II)\t\u2014\tMeditation 482 XXXVII.\tThe\tFive\tHindrances 489 XXXVIII.\tThe\tWay\tto\tNibb\u0101na\t(III) 510 XXXIX.\tThe\tState\tof\tan\tArahant 515 LIX.\tThe\tBodhisatta\tIdeal 529 LIXI.\tP\u0101ram\u012b\t\u2014\tPerfections 536 LIXII.\tBrahmavih\u0101ra\t\u2014\tThe\tSublime\tStates 547 LIXIII.\tEight\tWorldly\tConditions 585 (A\u1e6dhalokadhamm\u0101) 615 761","LIXIV.\tThe\tProblems\tof\tLife 637 Appendix 655 655 Ma\u1e45gala\tSutta\t\u2014\tBlessings\t1 657 Par\u0101bhava\tSutta\t\u2014\tDownfall\t19 660 Vasala\tSutta\t\u2014\tOutcast 665 Ratana\tSutta\t\u2014\tJewels 693 Bibliography 762"]