English 3

Today, another man went out into the world and had a look around. He, too, was so movedby what he saw that he came up with this drawing: Now answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. What, do you think, did the man see that made him draw such a sad picture? Write the letter of all possible answers. A. Children playing in the afternoon sun B. A garbage-filled city C. A beautiful garden D. Men cutting down trees E. Black smoke from factories F. Rivers clogged with all sorts of garbage 2. What does the illustration mean? A. A patient is terribly sick and needs to be operated on. B. Planet Earth is experiencing a lot of environmental problems. C. Someone is obviously very unhappy. D. The earth cannot support the needs of its population. 3. To whom is the illustration addressed? A. To adult individuals B. To young people C. To all the people in the world D. To disabled persons 4. What is his purpose? A. To make people realize that they are affected by environmental problems and move them to action. B. To enhance his imagination and develop his artistic talents. C. To keep himself busy, as he has nothing else to do. D. To comply with his commission to produce works of art depicting nature. 7

Self-check It’s time to find out how well you fared in Activity 1. Check your answers and see if youagree with the explanations.. 1. B. A garbage-filled city D. Men cutting down trees E. Black smoke from factories F. Rivers clogged with all sorts of garbage The man who undoubtedly cared for the environment lamented its destruction by some irresponsible people. 2. B. Planet Earth is represented as a patient in serious condition because it is experiencing a lot of environmental problems at present. 3. C. To all the people in the world The earth is our home, so all of us must help solve its problems. 4. A. The purpose of the poster is to make people realize that they are affected by environmental problems and move them to action. Now, you are ready to proceed to the next activity.Activity 2 What environmental problems does the world face today? Write your answers in yournotebook following the format below: K (What I Know)Activity 3 Now that you have put down what you know, pause and think. What more do you want toknow about planet Earth’s problems? Write these in the form of questions in your notebook. W (What I Want to Learn) 8

While-Reading You are going to read an article entitled “Save Planet Earth” by Mailin Paterno. See if someof the questions you wrote in Activity 3 are answered by the article. As you read, pause now andthen to process what you read and to reflect on how you are involved. Note the questions raisedbetween sections as well as the concept maps. They will help you process the text. Before you read, pay attention to the following incomplete graphic organizer. It will give youan outline of the whole article. Name the three problems that it tackles. Write them in the blankboxes below the title. Then write their causes, effects and solutions in the boxes provided. It isunderstood that you will copy the diagram in your notebook. MOTHER EARTH’S PROBLEMSCAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONS EFFECTS SOLUTIONS EFFECTS SOLUTIONS Save the Earth! by Mailin Paterno“Who, me?” you say. about it. Or maybe we did, but it was not enough. And I will answer, “Yes, you.”Because when you were born, we And so, “yes, you.” Because thisadults already knew what would is a beautiful world, and it workshappen if we kept on consuming amazingly well, so long as we don’t upsetenergy the way we were consuming its systems too much. And you can help.it, if we cut down trees at the ratethat we were cutting them down, if But you must promise to rememberwe kept throwing out non- one thing. We are all human beingsbiodegradable garbage carelessly, if together, and everything we do affects thewe kept on polluting our waters. But next person, affects the Earth, affects ourlook at our world now. It’s exactly children, the plants and animals, and theirthe way we knew it was going to be, children, too.because we didn’t know anything 9

Now, pause and think and answer these questions:1. Why is there a need to save the earth?2. Why is there a need for everybody to get involved in the campaign to save the earth?3. What could happen if we didn’t do our part?When Saddam Hussein spilled all that oil would instead find heavy black oil. And oilinto the Gulf and created that huge oil slicks take years to clean up.slick, he affected the lives of hundreds ofsea birds. You probably saw it on TV— That’s just one dramatic example.the birds with all that black gook on them, Probably far more damage is causedweighing them down so much that they everyday by regular people like you andcouldn’t fly and would eventually die of me. But maybe if we are aware of thestarvation. He affected the lives of the consequences of our habits, we will bemammals of the water, the dolphins and able to change them without too muchthe whales, the great sea turtles, all the effort, and that would be saving the Earth.animals who would come up for air butPause again to answer the following question about what you have just read:4. The oil spill is an example of how one man can harm the environment. Plot its effect on the environment in your notebook by using the following format. Saddam’s oil spill________________________________________________________________________ So how about getting a group together to do an ecology project? This article will start you offwith a few backgrounders and suggestions, but you can do your own research and think up your ownprojects. It will be a lot of work, but it will also be fun, and definitely worthwhile.AIR POLLUTIONHere’s the Situation: Ever since the Industrial Revolution, people in Europe and North Americahave been burning coal to produce heat, and to power factories. In London in the 1950’s, the air waspolluted each winter with a mixture of smoke and fog called smog. Sometimes, people died frombreathing the smog in the streets.10

Today, we burn smokeless fuels and oil instead ofcoal, so there is not much smoke in the atmosphere. Butthere are more people in the world, and we have come torely so much on oil and other fossil fuels that we can’t helpusing them. Power stations burn coal to make electricity, andproduce a gas called sulphur dioxide. Cars produce fumesand nitrogen oxide gases. You may have seen the smokebillowing out of factory chimneys, turning the air aroundthem a dirty gray-brown. All these gases react with each other in complicated ways in the air. Sometimes the gases canget into rain clouds, where they get mixed in the rain or snow. This is called acid rain, and in someparts of the world, in Germany and Sweden, for instance, it is killing forests. Acid rain is alsoharmful to plants, and may contaminate lakes and rivers, and the creatures that inhabit them. Sometimes these gases form a layer around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat the way glasswarms a greenhouse. The best known greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, and it is produced whenpeople breathe, and when we burn fuel. Plants use up carbon dioxide, so the more forest trees we cutdown, the more carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere.Pause once more, copy the boxes in your notebook, and consider this question:5. What are the causes and effects of air pollution? Write them in the first two boxes.CAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONSWhat can we do? Read on. Our Mission: Reduce air pollution! We obviously can’t simply stop using our cars orrunning our power stations and factories. And we certainly can’t stop breathing! But we canminimize the pollution and take measures to control it. How we can help: 1. Plan our car trips. Sometimes we zigzag to and from the different endsof the city because we don’t plan properly. Better still, organize car pools. And even better, if you’renot going too far, and if the road is not dangerous, ride a bike. 2. Use light bulbs wisely. One-tenth of the energy a light bulb uses is converted into light.The rest becomes heat. If a 100-watt bulb is on for half a day every day for a year, it can use enough 11

electricity to burn almost 400 pounds of coal. Burning the coal to light the bulb will release nearly athousand pounds of gases that cause acid rain. Is it worth it? Lucky for us, there is an alternative. Fluorescent bulbs use less energy and last longer. If youneed to use incandescent bulbs, keep them clean. Dusty bulbs use up more energy than clean ones.Pause a 4th time to answer the following question:6. What is our goal and what can we do to achieve it? Write it in the graph for Solutions above. After accomplishing it, read about the next problem._________________________________________________________________________________THE GARBAGE PROBLEMHere’s the Situation: Think of the thrash you throw away each day—the candy wrappers, paper,styrofoam boxes, plastic cups and bags, soda cans, and everything else. Would all the garbage fill upone regular-sized thrash can? Let’s say it does. And let’s say further, that each person throws out thesame amount of thrash. Multiply that by the number of people who live in your house, and then byseven, for the days of the week. How much trash is that per city? And where does it go? Garbage is collected once or twice a week and taken to a garbage dump. Problem is, we’rerunning out of dumping sites. Many of them are full. Some of them are just mountains of exposedgarbage which is also dangerous to our health.Our mission: Cut down the amount of garbage we make. It’s not impossible, in fact, it’s easier thanyou think. It’s really all a matter of making a conscious effort.How we can help: 1. Recycle things. Save plastic bags and use them again. Use cloth rags, whichcan be washed, instead of paper towels or tissue paper. Collect bottles, old newspapers and papers,and instead of throwing them away, sell them to the “dyaryo-bote” man. 2. Try to avoid using too much non-biodegradable stuff, like plastic and styrofoam. Theseare permanent garbage and will never be part of the Earth again. If people brought their own bayongor baskets to market or to the grocery, for example, we would use fewer plastic bags.Make another pause and answer these questions:7. What problems result from the production of too much garbage? Write the answer in yournotebook using the format below. too much trash8. What is our mission about the garbage problem? State it in your own words. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 12

9. Name three ways by which we can help solve the garbage problem. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Let’s check what the next problem is.DEFORESTATIONHere’s the Situation: Half of the world’srainforests have disappeared in the last forty years.Rainforests now cover only 7% of the Earth’ssurface. Rainforests all over the world are being cutdown at the rate of 40 hectares per minute. If wekeep going at this rate, the experts say, the world’srainforests will disappear in the next 40 years. Rainforests are cut down for many reasons.that they have to cut down trees to clear land forfarming. Loggers cut down trees to sell, often toother countries. What happens when trees are cut down? Although rainforests occupy only 7% of theEarth’s surface, they are home to 50-80% of theworld’s plant and animal species. When they arecut down, these plants and animals lose theirhabitats and may become unable to survive. Tree roots also keep water in the ground.Without plants and trees, the water would not godeep into the soil but would simply run off theground. The result: drought, or, when the rainfallis very, very heavy and continuous, deforestationwould cause mud-slides.Make another pause to answer these questions in your notebook:10. Why are trees cut down?11. What happens when trees are cut down? Complete the graphic organizer below: 13

When trees are cut down…Plants and animals _____________ Water will _______________________________________________ ____________________________They will ____________________ This will cause __________________________________________ __________________________Is there anything we can do? Continue reading.Our mission: Keep the Earth green!How we can help: 1. Every little bit counts. Plant seeds in your backyard. Take care of the littleplants and watch them grow. When they are bigger and ready to be transplanted, you can begin aneighborhood greening program. Plant them wherever you can get permission to plant them. Theywill need little care, but you might want to see that they get enough water. 2. Be a paper saver. It takes years for a tree to grow enough to be cut down and made intopaper. We throw away pounds of paper every day – if we could change that old paper into newpaper, we wouldn’t have to kill so many trees! Save the used paper in your house—those you would normally throw away. Do not includeshiny paper or paper with plastic on it, you can’t recycle that. When you have collected enoughpaper, sell it to the “dyaryo-bote” man or junk shops.Pause for the last time to answer these questions in your notebook:12. How can we keep the earth green?13. Do you think the government should ban logging altogether? Why or why not?Self-check Whew, that was a bit long, wasn’t it? Now let’s have a look at your answers. After comparingyour answers with the key, answer the question: Are you happy about the results? 1. There is a need to save the earth because its systems are being upset too much. We definitely would not want to lose the only home we have. 14

2. Everything we do affects others, the earth, and the whole environment. The survival of the human race depends on everyone’s willingness to join efforts to save it.3. The planet will soon become unfit for life.4. Hundreds of sea birds that were affected by the oil slick would eventually die of starvation. Saddam’s Water mammals like dolphins, whales and sea turtles would oil spill not have clean air to breathe. It will take many years before the oil slick gets cleaned up.5. CAUSES EFFECTS 1. Burning of fuels 1. Acid rain and oils which destroys plants and 2. Power stations contaminates that produce rivers sulfur dioxide 2. Global warming 3. Cars that give or trapping of off nitrogen the sun’s heat oxides 4. Factories that give off smoke6. SOLUTIONS Reduce air pollution. 1. Plan car trips. 2. Ride a bike. 3. Use light bulbs wisely.7. We are running out of dumping sites. Many existing dumping sites are full. too much Exposed garbage can cause health problems. trash8. Our mission is to do our best to reduce the amount of trash we make every day. This could help in the global effort to solve the garbage problem. 15

9. We can do this by recycling plastic bags and other usable garbage. We can collect used paper and bottles and sell them. We can also avoid using too much non-biodegradable materials.10. Trees are cut down to clear land for farming. Trees are also cut down so they can be sold locally or to other countries.11. When trees are cut down…Plants and animals will lose Water will run off the ground.their habitats.They may die; they may even This will cause either drought orbecome extinct. mud-slides.12. We can plant seeds and trees and take care of them. We can also save paper.13. The government does not have to ban logging altogether. Since the population is growing we may need more land for farming. Likewise, we need to cut down trees for industrial purposes. Officials just need to impose strictly laws against illegal logging. Logging firms must plant trees to replace those that they cut down. This will ensure a safer world for all of us.Post-ReadingActivity 5 That must be one of the longest exercises you have done so far, right? But, I hope you agreethat it is very timely and practical. Now try to recall what you learned from the article and write it inyour notebook by following the format below. What I Actually Learned 16

Did you notice the three steps in the K-W-L Strategy? They are as follows: 1. Recall what you know about the topic you are going to read about. Write this down. Relate it to new information you may get. 2. Ask yourself: What more do I want to learn about the topic? Write them in the form of questions. 3. After reading the selection, put down what you actually learned from your reading. If you follow these steps whenever you read informational articles, you will find the activitymore enjoyable and purposeful.Write Thing Now that you have come to know more about the problems concerning the environment, doyou think you are in a better position to help the movement towards saving Planet Earth? Good. Butwouldn’t it be better if others would learn about these, too, so that they can also help? In what waycan we inform other people about them? Try to do any of the following: 1. Write a slogan that expresses your feelings towards the Earth and its preservation from further peril. Make it brief, direct-to-the point, and catchy. 2. Create a poster on the theme: Save Planet Earth, It’s the Only One We Have. 17

Self-check 1. If you made a slogan, ask yourself the following questions: a. Is it short, direct-to-the-point, and catchy? b. Does it express a clear stand on the preservation of the earth? c. Is it appealing to the reader? Does it move him to take action? 2. If you made a poster, check that you followed the following criteria: a. Does it clearly depict the theme: “Save Planet Earth, It’s the Only One We Have”? b. Is it creative and appealing to the viewer? c. Does it move him to join the movement towards saving planet earth?Language Focus In the previous modules you have learned to express past and present actions. But what if theaction is yet to take place? Consider the following dialog.Activity 1 Dan and Ray are classmates and friends. Read their conversation during recess and take noteof the underlined words. Then answer the questions that follow.DAN: Hey, Ray! Shall we go to the mall after classes?RAY: Not today, pal. Mom will pick me up right after Math. I will accompany her to the doctor.DAN: Oh, is she sick? I hope it’s nothing serious.RAY: No, just a routine check-up. I’m sorry I can’t go with you as planned.DAN: That’s all right. We shall not be able to see Tom Cruise’s movie just yet. How about tomorrow?RAY: That will be fine. I will meet you at McDonald’s Car Park at 4:00 pm., okay?DAN: Great! I won’t be late, I promise. See you then. 18

Now answer the following questions: 1. Why can’t Dan and Ray go to the mall after classes? 2. What kind of son is Ray? 3. What won’t the two friends be able to do on that day? 4. When and where will they meet for the trip to the mall? 5. What kind of action do the underlined words express? A. on-going action B. habitual action C. action that will take place at some definite future time D. action that is going on when another action takes placeSelf-check Did you understand the dialog? Find out by checking your answers. 1. Ray’s mother will pick him up. They will go to the doctor. 2. Ray is a thoughtful and selfless boy. He is ready to sacrifice his leisure to accompany his mother to the doctor. 3. The boys won’t be able to see Tom Cruise’s movie. 4. They will meet at McDonald’s-Car Park at 4:00 p.m. the next day. 5. C. action that will take place at a some definite future time.Generalization The simple future tense is used to express action that will take place at some definite future time. It is formed by using: will/shall + the base form of the verb if the sentence is affirmative. will not/shall not + the base form of the verb if the sentence is negative. Examples: I will accompany her to the doctor. I shall see you tomorrow. We shall not see a movie today. I won’t be late. 19

Now do the exercises that follow.Activity 1 Expressing Intentions What will you do in each of the following situations? Answer in complete sentences using thesimple future tense. The first one is done for you. 1. Your classmate is very talkative. _____I will advise him to keep quiet______________________________ 2. Your friend has a black eye. ____________________________________________________________ 3. Your sister is short of money. ____________________________________________________________ 4. You find a wallet on the way to school. ____________________________________________________________ 5. The house next to yours is on fire. ____________________________________________________________Activity 2 Responding to Suggestions/Queries Respond to the suggestions/queries like the example given. Example: Shall we go to SM together? Yes, we’ll go there together. We’ll leave in thirty minutes. 1. Shall we go out despite the rain? Yes, _________________________________________________________ 2. Shall I accompany you? No, thanks. I___________________________________________________ 3. Why don’t you consult a doctor for your cough? Yes, _________________________________________________________ 4. Shall I turn off the television? No, thanks. ____________________________________________________ 5. Will the guests come today? Yes, __________________________________________________________Activity 3 Requesting and Making an Offer The first sentence is a request. Respond to it as in the example given. Example: Look how dirty the kitchen is. Shall I clean it? 20

1. Look how messy the living room is. Shall we________________________________________________________2. Look how bare the bulletin board is. Shall I _________________________________________________________3. Look how old the table looks. _______________________________________________________________4. Look how untidy the classroom is. _______________________________________________________________5. Look how disorderly the laboratory is. _______________________________________________________________Self-checkActivity 1 Here are some possible courses of action, given the situations cited. They are not the only possible correct answer. You may check your answer as long as you used the simple future tense. If you get 4-5, give yourself a treat for a job well done. If you got three or less, a little review will do the trick. 1. I will ask her to keep quiet./ I will tell my teacher about the problem. 2. I will take him/her to the clinic/doctor. 3. I will lend her some money. 4. I will return the wallet to the owner./ I will take it to the Lost-and-found Corner. 5. I will call the fire department./ I will tell my family to evacuate to a safer place.Activity 2 Now check your responses to the suggestions and queries. Like in Activity 1, the answers may vary. You may check your answer as long as you used the simple future tense. 1. Yes, we shall go out. We will bring an umbrella. 2. No, thanks. I will have to go alone. 3. No, thanks. I will watch the evening news. I’ll turn it off later. 4. Yes, they will be here this afternoon. 5. No, they won’t. They will arrive tomorrow morning. Activity 3 Here are some possible responses to the requests. 1. Shall we tidy it up? 2. Shall I decorate it? 3. Shall I paint it? 4. Shall I clear it up? 5. Shall I tidy it up? 21

Activity 4 The Future Tense with If clausesStudy the following sentences.If an opportunity comes, I will not let it pass.(if-clause) (main clause)If I see someone in need, I will help him wholeheartedly.(if-clause) (main clause)You will feel joy when you help others. (main clause) (when-clause)When you help the needy, you will please God.(when-clause) (main clause)Generalization: When the main clause is in the simple future tense, theconditional if-clause and the when-clause used as adverbialexpression of time are in the simple present tense.Now try these exercises:A. Complete each sentence by adding a clause with a verb in the simple future tense.1. If I work hard, _________________________________________.2. If we save money now, __________________________________.3. If I obey my parents, ____________________________________.4. When you leave, _______________________________________.5. When we are honest, ____________________________________.B. Complete the following dialog.Danniel : If you win a million pesos, what will you do?Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : Won’t you __________________________________________Ada Marie : I don’t think ________________________________________Danniel : Why not? ___________________________________________Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : I see. By the way, when you are already that rich, __________ ___________________________________________________Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : Really? ____________________________________________ 22

Self-checkA. Moment of truth! Here are some possible answers to the exercise. See if your answers are similar. Did you use the simple future tense properly? If so, congratulations! You might have gotten a perfect score. If not, keep on trying, okay? 1. If I work hard, I will be rewarded. 2. If I save money now, I will be able to support my college education. 3. If I obey my parents, God will be pleased. 4. When you leave, I will be lonely. 5. When we are honest, people will trust us.B. Here is a sample completed dialogue based on the given outline. Did you use the simple future tense properly? Is the exchange meaningful and logical? Then, you deserve a big nod of approval! Danniel : If you win a million pesos, what will you do? Ada Marie : I will put the money in the bank. Danniel : Won’t you buy a new car? Ada Marie : I don’t think my parents will allow me to drive. Danniel : Why not? You have a driver’s license, don’t you? Ada Marie : Yes, but I get nervous easily. If there’s an emergency, perhaps I will panic. Danniel : I see. By the way, when you are already that rich, will we still be close friends? Ada Marie : Of course, we’ll be best friends for always! Danniel : Really? I am touched.Everyday Expressions To run is a pretty normal thing, but when used in idioms, it can have a lot of meanings. Note the following idiomatic expressions with run and how they are used. IDIOM MEANING SAMPLE USAGErun out of to have no more left “My! We ran out of gas,” the driver gasped.run into to meet someone by chance Guess whom I ran into at the mall yesterday? 23

run over to injure His poor dog was run over by a speedingrun off truck.run through to elope The movie starlet ran off with her leadingrun across man.run for to skim through a book Let’s run through our notes before ourin the long run quickly teacher gets here.run a business to find something by chance Can you believe I ran across this preciousa runner-up book at the rummage sale? to be a candidate for a post The senator will run for president in the next election. over a long period of time In the long run, retiring early will do you good. to manage or organize a I dream of running my own business business someday. the next one to the winner The first runner-up will take the crown if the winner is disqualified for any reason.See if you can answer the following!Activity 1 Fill in the blank with the correct idiom chosen from the list above. Be sure to use the correctform of the verb.1. Why don’t you ________________ the page again to find the answer?2. I ________________ this old terno in Grandmother’s old chest.3. Mother _________________ cooking oil. She wants you to buy some at the store.4. I’m sure your friend will realize his mistake __________________________.5. The _____________________ couldn’t accept his defeat.6. That was a close shave! You were nearly _________________ by the taxi.7. The well-known businessman will _______________ mayor in the next poll.8. Whom do you think I happened to _______________ the other day?9. _____________________ involves financial risks.10. Can you believe Karl ___________________ with a barrio girl?Activity 2 Answer the following questions using the idioms in parentheses. Use complete sentences.The first one is done for you. 1. Why did your sister go to the sari-sari store? (run out of) My sister went to the sari-sari store because she ran out of flour._________ 2. Whom did you see at the theater when you watched a movie? (run into) ________________________________________________________________3. What happened to the lovely kitten? (run over) ________________________________________________________________ 24

4. Do you have any news about the missing basketball player? (run off) ________________________________________________________________ 5. What are we supposed to do with these manuscripts? (run through) ________________________________________________________________ 6. Where did you find that ring? (run across) ________________________________________________________________ 7. Why is Shara so busy nowadays? (run for) ________________________________________________________________ 8. Do you think it’s more practical to buy a new television set? (in the long run) ________________________________________________________________ 9. Did Pachollo win the oratorical contest? (runner-up) ________________________________________________________________ 10. What does he plan to do after graduation? (run a business) ________________________________________________________________Self-check Let’s have a look at your answers now. If you get a perfect score, great! If you have a fewmistakes, go back to the items and see why you made a mistake. Hope you’re happy with the result! Activity 1 1. run through 2. ran across 3. ran out of 4. in the long run 5. runner-up 6. run over 7. run for 8. run into 9. Running a business 10. ran off Activity 2 Here are some possible answers. See to it that you used the correct two-word verb with run. 1. She ran out of seasoning. 2. I ran into some old friends. 3. It was run over by a reckless driver. 25

4. He ran off with an avid fan. 5. You must run through them to check the errors. 6. I ran across it among my old notebooks. 7. She is running for the Student Council. 8. In the long run, it is more practical to buy a new one than to have the old one repaired. 9. He was the first runner-up and I’m proud of him. 10. He plans to run his father’s business.Hats off to you for finishing this module. Now you’re ready to take the Posttest.PosttestI. Read the incomplete dialog and write the correct form of the verb in parenthesis. Joseph is having a conversation with his friend, Roy, about his forthcoming Freefall(Parachuting) trial. Complete the dialog between the two by changing the verbs in parentheses to thesimple future tense.JOSEPH: I’m so excited, Roy! Tell me, what will my first experience with the Freefall be like?ROY : It (1)____________ (be) one of the most exciting experiences in your life, I tell you! You will be relaxed at first. But halfway to the top you (2)_____________ (go) crazy. Your life (3)__________ simply___________ (flash) before your eyes.JOSEPH: Sounds great! How will it feel when I get to the very edge?ROY : That will be your only chance to scream your lungs out, “Mom, I want to get out of here!”JOSEPH: My! How about when I start falling?ROY : You (4)_______________ (lose) your voice because you will be in a state of shock. You (5)_______________ (skip) heartbeats. Some people call this part of the ride “death.” You (6)______________ (land) in a lying position, making everyone feel like throwing up. When you get down, either your face (7)_______________ (show) so much shock enough to scare others who have not tried it or you (8)___________ just ______________ (smile) so you would not look like a chicken. Deep inside, you (9)___________________ (thank) God and tell him that you (10)______________ (sin) no more.JOSEPH: Wow! I think I will never forget such an experience as long as I live. Thanks a lot for the info, old friend! Don’t worry, you’ll know all about it. 26

II. Answer the following questions: 1. What three environmental problems are discussed in this module? 2. Who should take an active role in solving them and why? 3. What are you committed to do to do your share of the responsibility?Self-check Now check your answers against the key that follows:I. A Dialogue 1. will be 2. will go 3. will flash 4. will lose 5. will skip 6. will land 7. will show 8. will smile 9. will thank 10. will sinII. Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Air pollution, the garbage-problem, and deforestation are discussed in this module. 2. Everyone, young and old, must help solve these problems in order to preserve our only home, the Earth. 3. It depends on your personal commitment. May you show it in thought, in word, and in deed. So, what’s your score? If you have less than five mistakes, say “Not bad!” If you got five ormore mistakes, say “I need to go over this module again.” And make sure you do it.NOTE: In this module, you have learned some ways by which you can better understand and appreciate informative articles. It is hoped that this knowledge will help you cope with your readings in content-area subjects. You are now ready to work on the next set of modules with the theme “Learning To Be”. Happy learning! 27

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 28

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UNIT II Module 1 Being True to OurselvesOverview Where do you look when you want to see yourself?You look at a mirror, don’t you? But mirrors reflect only thephysical you, not what you really are. To see the real you,you will have to examine your thoughts, feelings andattitudes; take note of your aspirations and your dreams; andlook deeply into your principles in life. Principles are what people live by. They are the finerdesigns of life that make a person better, more respectableand more honorable. Being true to oneself and being oneselfare marks of a man/woman of principles. This module will help you take a long hard look atyourself and be a person of principles.ObjectivesAfter working on the activities in this module you will be able to: 1. deduce meaning of words through context 2. recognize synonyms 3. infer character traits, feelings and motives through speech and action 4. note details 5. make inferences 6. ask different types of simple questions 7. respond clearly to simple questions 8. write personal reflections on certain issues 1

InstructionsHere are some specific ways for you to learn from this Module. Remember to follow these steps. 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity, go over the Self-check that follows to find out how will you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. Now take the pretest. Please do you best.PretestI. Recognizing SynonymsLook at the rows of words below. In each row there are two words with similar meanings. Write the letters of those two words in your notebook.1. a. answer b. bounty c. reply d. revolt2. a. rude b. impolite c. important d. impress3. a. bang b. hurt c. jeer d. injure4. a. raise b. wrong c. truthful d. honest5. a. incline b. eat c. dine d. refuseII. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives.Write the letter of the answer to the question after the passage.6. She had lost her knitting needles and was trying to make another, though she knew itwould take years to rub down the bar. What trait is revealed in the line? a. humility b. courage c. patience d. resignation 2

7. Lora alternately crimsoned and paled. She wanted to run away, to hide. What feeling isshown?a. frustration b. shame c. anger d. love8. Picking up a fist-sized stone, he said “You shall pay for this,” and threw it against the boy.Why did the speaker do this?a. He wanted to get even with the boy.b. He is disappointed with the boy.c. He wants the boy to go away.d. He wants the boy to pay his debts.9. “Teach me to feel another’s sorrow, to hide the faults I see.” What character trait is shown?a. obedience b. reverence c. humility d. compassion10. “Oh, do not cry little one. Please forgive me. I was drunk and knew not what I said.” Whatfeeling is expressed?a. pity b. sorrow c. anger d. remorseIII. Forming Yes/No QuestionsChoose the letter of the correct yes/no question being answered by the statement.11. The accused is an honest man. a. Is the accused an honest man? b. Did they accuse an honest man? c. Can they accuse an honest man?12. Scientists are trying to unravel the mysteries of matter. a. Do the scientists try to unravel the mysteries of matter? b. Have the scientists tried to unravel the mysteries of matter? c. Are scientists trying to unravel the mysteries of matter?13. The wise man has a heart of gold. a. Has the wise man have a heart of gold? b. Does the wise man have a heart of gold? c. Is the wise man a heart of gold?14. We should be true to ourselves. a. Should we be true to ourselves? b. Shall we be true to ourselves? c. Do we always try to be true to ourselves?15. The study of matter brought man into the space age. a. Had the study of matter brought man into the space age? b. Did the study of matter bring man into the space age? c. Was the study of matter bringing man into the space age?IV. Using Tag QuestionsChoose the letter of the correct tag question to complete each statement.16. Matter is anything that occupies space, ________________?a. is it b. isn’t it c. has it d. hasn’t it 3

17. Air occupies space and has weight, ________________? a. hasn’t it b. don’t it c. doesn’t it d. isn’t it d. doesn’t he18. Man cannot live without air, __________________? d. don’t they d. is it a. can he b. does he c. can’t he19. Even plants and animals need air, _________________? a. do they b. haven’t they c. have they20. Air is composed of many gases, ____________________? a. doesn’t it b. isn’t it c. does itSelf-checkA. Recognizing Synonyms1. a and c 4. c and d2. a and b 5. b and c3. b and dB. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives6. c 8. a 10. d 15. b7. b 9. d 20. bC. Forming Yes/No Questions11. a 13. b12. c 14. aD. Using Tag Questions16. b 18. a17. c 19. d Did you get a perfect score? Great! You did very well. This module will come easy to you. Did you score between 17 and 19? Good! Keep it up and study this module carefully so you’ll do even better. Is your score between 13 and 16? You’re on the right track. Study harder and work on this module very well so you can improve your score. Did you get only 12 or below? Don’t worry, study this module very well, do the exercises carefully and read more so you’ll do better. Good luck!Reading AdventurePre-reading What among your possessions do you consider the most valuable or important? Is this a gift,an heirloom or personally acquired through purchase? Suppose somebody would offer a veryhandsome price for it, would you sell it? Why or why not? 4

Look at the title of the story. What could the story be about? Write your guess in yournotebook. Start this way: [Looking at the title of the story, I think that the story is about….]While Reading The Oily Truth by Petrus Alphonsi Translated by William C. McDermott 1. Here’s a tale from the mysterious East that was written in the twelfth century. See if you don’t think it’s an ancestor of our modern detective stories. 2. It happened that a certain man died and left his only son his only possession – a house. 3. Now, the young man had to work hard to keep body and soul together and he lived in great poverty. But although he often went hungry, he did not wish to sell the house he had inherited from his father. 4. Often he was approached by his rich neighbor, who wanted to buy the house in order to make his own larger. But still the young man would not sell. 5. Finally the greedy man was convinced of the young man’s determination and considered more devious and underhanded means of getting the house away from him. If, the rich man thought in some way he could get the young man convicted of a crime, he could easily get the house. 6. He went to the youth and said, “Rent me part of your courtyard. I wish to store ten casks of oil in it, under the ground. The oil barrels will be no bother to you and you can certainly use the money I will pay you.” 7. With some doubts the young man agreed. But the neighbor did not bury ten full casks of oil in the courtyard. Instead, because he was unscrupulous, he buried five full casks and five half-ful casks. The young man knew nothing of this, for the rich man simply said, “I entrust my ten casks of oil to you.” 5

8. Some time later, oil became scarce. 15. The young man protested, “I know Learning of this, the wealthy man nothing of his casks, except that he decided to dig up his casks of oil in order buried them in my courtyard. I am an to sell them at a big profit. He offered the honest person and have never stolen young man a reward if he would help in anything. Least of all would I steal from the digging and the young man agreed. a man who has trusted me.9. Buyers were invited to examine the 16. The case against the young man oil as it was dug up, for the rich man looked very damaging. There seemed to wanted witnesses. When it was be no way that he could prove his discovered that five of the casks were innocence. only half full, the rich man took the youth into court. There he accused him of 17. The judge stroked his chin. Then he theft. turned to Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy and asked, “What do you think of the case,10. The judge, after hearing the wealthy sir?” man’s story, decided the youth should be brought to trial. But because he was fair, 18. And the wise man spoke as follows: the judge postponed the trial one day so ”The oil itself will tell us the truth. We that the young man could get evidence of all know that oil contains solid matter his innocence, if possible. called sediment-that settles to the bottom of the cask. A full cask will have quite a11. The poverty-stricken youth felt bit of this sediment at the bottom. Half a totally helpless, and despaired. Then he cask of oil will have only half as much. heard of a wise man called Mr. Aid-for- the-Needy. This man was said to be very 19. “Now, Judge, order that the sediment intelligent and beneficent. at the bottom of the casks be measured. If it is true that the young man dipped oil12. The young man sought out this sage, from five of the casks, those casks will who listened quietly to the story. The have the same amount of sediment as elderly man was touched by the youth’s there is in the full casks. sincerity, and was filled with pity. Finally he said, “ I believe I can help you. Be in 20. “If, however, the casks were only half court tomorrow and I will help prove you full when they were put into the ground, speak the truth.” there will be half as much sediment at the bottom.13. The next day, both the old wise man and the unhappy young man appeared in 21. The judge agreed to the wisdom of court. The judge was so impressed by the plan, and ordered that the sediment in the wisdom of Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy all the casks be measured. Sure enough, that he asked him to sit beside him. Then there was less solid matter at the bottom he ordered the trial to start. of the half-full casks. This proved that they never had been full.14. The rich man told his story first. “I trusted this youth with ten full casks of 22. Thus it was that the old wise man my oil. Not only did I trust him, but I proved the young man’s innocence. The paid him rent for the ground in which the youth went happily to his house and, casks were buried. Now I need the oil, although this was a sort of detective but when I went to get it, lo and behold, story, he probably lived happily ever I found that five of the casks were half after. empty. He has dipped oil from my barrels.” 6

Words Unlocked Did you like the story? Before we discuss it, let us first get the meaning of some unfamiliarwords used in the selection. There are several ways of arriving at the meaning of words.A. Using Context You may not always use the dictionary to get the meaning of words. Often you can tell themeaning of a word from the words around it. We call this getting meaning from context. Now you will practice this vocabulary skill. Find and write the words in your notebook. Writethe words used in the selection that match the definitions below. The number in parentheses tells youthe paragraph of the story to look at. 1. firmness of purpose (5) 2. barrel-shaped container for liquids (6) 3. without principles (7) 4. put off (10) 5. gave up hope (11) 6. kind (11) 7. one distinguished for wisdom (12)B. Words with Many Meanings Often a word has more than one meaning. Its meaning depends on how it is used in thesentence. Try this exercise. Choose the letter of the meaning of each word in boldprint as it is used in the story. Thenumber in parentheses tells you which paragraph of the story to look at.1. ground (6) 2. court (9) 3. case (16)A. soil, earth A. an enclosed yard A. boxB. reason for action B. a place of law B. evidenceC. foundation C. the residence of a king C. coveringC. Using Synonyms You have learned in past modules that some words have the same or nearly the samemeaning. For example, old has the same meaning as ancient; both words mean “dating from thedistant past.” Here is an exercise to show how good you are at recognizing synonyms. 7

Fill in the chain with the synonyms of the word in the first chain. Choose from the words inthe barrel. fair principled cunning tricky crooked mercenary selfish covetous avaricious dishonest reliable trustworthy upright acquisitive indirect1. greedy2. devious3. honestSelf-check Now let us see how well you were able to arrive at the meaning of some words without usingthe dictionary. Check your answers against this key to correction.A. Using Context1. determination 4. postponed 7. sage 3. b2. cask 5. despaired3. unscrupulous 6. beneficentB. Words with Many Meanings1. a 2. bC. Using Synonyms1. greedy: covetous, selfish, acquisitive, mercenary, avaricious2. devious: cunning, tricky, crooked, indirect, dishonest3. honest: fair, principled, upright, trustworthy, reliable 8

Perfect? You’re a fantastic reader! You can get the meaning of unfamiliar words even without the dictionary. That’s great!Is your score between 20 and 24? Very Good! Keep up the good work and sharpen your skill some more through reading.Is your score between 15 and 19? You’re doing fine. Develop your skill by more and more reading!Is your score 14 or lower? Cheer up! Give yourself a break-read, read and read. Happy reading!Post ReadingLet us see how well you understood the story.Scanning for Details Sometimes, you read only those parts of a reading material that will give you the informationyou need. One way of doing this is through scanning which is a hunt-skip-read search for answers tospecific questions. When you scan a material, you read as little as possible. You move your eyesrapidly over the page, looking for the information you need. Now, scan the selection for answers to the following questions. 1. What is the setting of the story? How do you know? 2. What was the young man’s only possession? How did he come to have it? 3. What was the economic status of the young man? 4. Who wanted to buy the property? Was the young man willing to sell? 5. What means did the rich man attempt to use to get the property? Did he succeed? Give proofs. 6. Who helped the young man with his problem? How?Understanding the StoryWrite the letter of the best answer for each question.1. The young man did not want to sell his house because hea. didn’t like his rich neighbor. b. wanted to rent it instead.c. had nothing else in the world. d. didn’t want to move from the city. 9

2. The rich neighbor wanted the youth’s house becausea. he wanted to enlarge his own. c. he needed more room to store oil.b. the house was very valuable. d. he thought he had a right to it.3. Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy helped the young man because hea. felt sorry for the youth. c. wanted to get the youth’s house himself.b. believed the youth was telling the truth. d. Both a and b.4. The rich man tried to involve the young man in a crime because hea. wanted revenge for something the youth had done.b. could think of no other way to get the young man’s house.c. thought he could get the court to return the stolen oil.d. wanted the youth to go to jail.5. The young man agreed to store the oil probably because hea. needed the rent money. c. really liked his neighbor.b. planned to steal the oil. d. was afraid of his neighbor.6. The neighbor’s plan to have the youth brought to trial was made a. before he buried the ten barrels of oil. b. when he discovered that his oil had been stolen. c. after he saw the youth would not sell the house. d. Both a and c.7. If the youth had stolen the oil it would have been easy to tell, because a. his oily fingerprints would have been found on the casks. b. the tops of the casks would have been loose or broken. c. there would have been the same amount of sediment in all the casks. d. oil would have been spilled on the ground around the casks.8. After the trial, the young man probablya. sold his house to another buyer.b. filed countercharges against his rich neighbor.c. gave his house to Mr. Aid-for-the Needy.d. lived peacefully and contentedly in his house.9. The young man is to be admired because he is a. determined and resourceful. b. principled and truthful. c. sentimental but reliable. d. poor but honest. 10

Self-check Do you want to know how you fared? Check your answers against those below.Scanning for Details 1. The story took place in the Middle East during the twelfth century. The introductory paragraph gives the setting. 2. A house. His father gave it to him. 3. The young man lived in poverty and he often went hungry. 4. His rich neighbor. No, the young man would not sell the house. 5. The rich man tried to involve the young man in a crime. No, he did not succeed. 6. The young man was helped by Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy, a very intelligent and beneficent old man.Understanding the Story 1. c. The house was his only possession; besides it was a gift from his dead father. 2. a. Perhaps, the rich man wanted more space. 3. d. He saw through the young man and knew he was telling the truth. 4. b. 5. a. He is poor, so he could use the rent money. 6. d. He had to devise a plan to get the house because he wanted it badly. 7. c. 8. d. 9. b. Perfect score is 15. Did you get it? Wow! Congratulations! You must have enjoyed reading it. If you scored between 11 and 14, you’re doing just fine! Keep up the good work. If you scored between 8 and 10, not bad! Just read some more. If you scored 7 or lower, better luck next time. Please study harder. Continue reading until you become a good reader.Write Thing Suppose you were falsely accused as the young man was. What would you do? How would you feel? Who would you turn to for help? Write your reflections on this issue in your notebook. 11

Skills Enhancer Two reading skills you have to master to become an effective reader are understandingsynonyms and making inferences. The former is a vocabulary skill, the latter is a comprehensionskill.Synonyms One More Time Here are additional exercises on synonyms to help you develop a wider vocabulary.Exercise 1. A Matching GameLook at the words in column A. For each word, look in column B and find the word that means thesame and write its letter in your notebook. Number 1 is answered for you.Column A Column B 1. calm a. silent 2. fatal b. man 3. absence c. late 4. voiceless d. deadly 5. certain e. quiet 6. tardy f. close 7. grief g. being away 8. male h. firm 9. near i. shy10. bashful j. sure11. hard k. sorrowAnswer: 1. eExercise 2. Solving a Crossword Puzzle Have you ever tried doing a crossword puzzle? It’s both fun and worthwhile. Try thefollowing word puzzle. But first, copy the puzzle in your notebook. When you’re ready, follow the followinginstructions. Look at the Across Column below. In the Synonym Column next to it, find the synonym foreach numbered word and write it in the corresponding boxes. Do the same for the Down Column.The number before the word tells you in which box to begin. 12

ACROSSD 1S PA 3 4 5 14O E 67 9W 8 11NE 12 13 10M 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22Across Column Synonym Column Down Column Synonym Column1. resort cheap 1. appear bit4. parched fair 2. deeds acts6. inexpensive mess 3. jinx throbs8. tariff beach 4. imitate job9. level thaws 5. thought hasty10. jumble film 7. hurried ape12. hurry spa 11. task lot15. obligation to 13. abound dwarf16. seashore duty 14. beats teem18. mist even 15. midget idea20. toward tax 17. morsel hex21. unbiased trot 19. quantity seem22. melts aridSelf-check Are you eager to find out how you performed? Okay, Check your answer against the answersbelow.Exercise 1. A Matching Game 13

1. e 5. j 9. f2. d 6. c 10. i3. g 7. k 11. h4. a 8. bExercise 2. Crossword Puzzle Across Down1. spa 1. seem4. arid 2. acts6. cheap 3. hex8. tax 4. ape9. even 5. Idea10. mess 7. hasty12. trot 11. job15. duty 13. teem16. beach 14. throbs18. film 15. dwarf21. fair 17. bit22. thaws 19. lot Perfect score is 52. Did you get that score? Fantastic! Congratulations! Did you get 42-51? Wonderful job! Keep it up. Did you get 32-41? Fine, but there is still so much room for improvement. Continue reading. Did you score 31 or lower? Keep on trying, it’s not yet late. Read and read some more so you can improve your vocabulary. Good luck!Making Inferences Inferring is reading between the lines or finding the hidden meaning. Literary writers maketheir readers do this to make reading more exciting and pleasurable. To help the reader they provideall kinds of clues to enable the reader’s mind to see thoughts suggested by what the words say andread more than what their eyes see. One kind of making inferences is inferring character traits,feelings and motives by what a person says or does. Read the following sentence and see how much you can tell about the character of the womanand even about her appearance, although the writer does not mention either. 14

At the very sight of her, the children would instantly stop their merry chatter andfreeze into silence until she was out of sight again.Answer the following questions. What was there about her that made the children stop their happy conversation? What did theysee in her face? Was she smiling or was her lips drawn into a tight line? Did they like her or fear her?Why? What clues suggested your answers? Were you surprised at the number of inferences you were able to make about the woman?This kind of reading will stir your imagination and make the character come alive to you. Now do thenext exercises.Exercise 2. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives.Write the letter that best completes the sentence.1. Molly threw her coat over a chair, flew past her surprised parents to her room, slammedthe door and flung herself face down on the bed. Molly feelsa. tired c. frightenedb. disappointed d. worried2. She spoke as if her tongue had been dipped in acid. She spokea. cheerfully c. angrilyb. calmly d. carefully3. I heard mother sigh, “I hope your father is safe on his way home tonight.” She felt silentafter that. The mother feelsa. anxious c. badb. confident d. proud4. I think Ana is guilty of telling lies about her family. When I visited their home, I learned that her parents are dead. An old aunt had been taking care of her since childhood. This aunt earns her living by selling comics and magazines in front of her house. Ana lied about her family because a. she was afraid to be alone. b. she was ordered by her aunt. c. she was ashamed of her family. d. she was popular in school.5. “They are all dead. The evil spirits that live in the mountains became angry. They pusheddown the mountainside and Tolya, Bantay and Bongsod were buried underneath.” Thespeaker isa. fanatical c. propheticb. superstitious d. religious 15

6. “I hold the world… but as the world a stage where every man must play a part, and mine asad one.” The trait revealed isa. resignation c. determinationb. endurance d. pride7. His right hand fumbled at his waist. But then both his hands balled themselves into mightyknotty fists of iron. The feeling expressed is one ofa. disappointment c. frustrationb. anger d. embarrassment8. “Beholding a man that had no feet, I offered up for God’s goodness and submitted withpatience to my want of shoes.” The speaker isa. cooperative c. obedientb. generous d. contented9. “Twenty talents,” he said icily. “My good fellow, I am afraid neither of you know yourbusiness. Anyone who knows me will tell you that I am well worth fifty talents.” Thespeaker isa. confident c. enviousb. boastful d. satisfied10. She had to paint horses; they were the only models she could afford because they costnothing. She isa. poor c. stingyb. lazy d. horse-loverSelf-check Let us see how good you are at reading between the lines. Check your answer against the keybelow. 1. b 4. d 7. b 10. a 2. c 5. b 8. d 3. a 6. a 9. b Did you get a perfect score? You’re simply great! Congratulations! Did you score 8 or 9? That’s good! Keep up the good work. Is your score 6 or 7 perhaps? Well, that’s fine but you need to improve further. If you score 5 or lower, do better next time. Practice reading more and more so you can improve your score. Good luck. 16

The next part of the module is about constructing questions which can be answered by eitheryes or no. Stay tuned.Language Focus This portion starts with a short narrative. Read the story and answer the questions followingit. Be Yourself A group of animals started a school. Each was going to study something he knew nothing about. So the duck, an excellent swimmer, took up running. Well, try as it might, it remained a poor runner…. And in the meantime became second-class in swimming too. The dog was a good runner, but it broke its leg trying to fly. The cockatoo was a natural at flying, but almost drowned trying to swim. At the end of all these special courses, none of the animals was very good at anything. The moral of the story is: Be what you are. Don’t try being what you are not; for if you aren’t what you are, what are you? - Quote It is a simple story but the message is profound, don’t you think so? Now answer the following questions. 1. Who are the characters in the narrative? 2. How do they behave? 3. What is the lesson taught by the narrative? 4. What literary type is the selection? Why? Let’s check your answers. If you answered duck, dog, and cockatoo in number 1, you’reright. For number 2, the answer is : The duck studied running; the dog, flying; and the cockatoo,swimming. The story teaches us not to try being what we are not. The selection is, of course, a fable, astory about animals that teaches a moral lesson. 17

Questions to elicit structure Read each question orally. Use the rising intonation. 1. Is the duck a good runner? 2. Can the dog fly? 3. Has the cockatoo learned to swim? 4. Did the animals become good at anything? 5. We shouldn’t be what we are not, should we?Here are some generalizations we can draw from the question and answer exercise. Some questions can be answered by yes or no. They are called yes/no questions. Insentences using the verb be we form questions by reversing the position of the subject and theverb. Look at the examples below. Statement Question Response Is the duck an excellent swimmer Yes, it is.The duck is an excellent swimmer. Is the duck a good runner? No, it isn't.The duck is not a good runner. If the verb is not a form of be but has a helping verb, we start the simple question withthe helping verb. The following are examples of this.Statement Question ResponseThe dog cannot fly. Can the dog fly? No, it can’t.Missey will come. Will Missey come? Yes, she will. No, she won’t. If the verb is not the form of be and if it has no helping verb, we supply a form of do(do, does, did) and change the main verb to simple or base form. 18

Statement Question ResponseThe story teaches a lesson. Does the story teach a lesson? Yes, it does./No, it doesn’t.They listen well. Do they listen well? Yes, they do./No, they don’t.The cockatoo almost drowned. Did the cockatoo almost drown? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.Practice asking yes-no questions by doing the following activities.Activity 1. Yes/No Question with Verbs to beThe following statements center on the topic light.Change each statement to a yes/no question. Number 1 is done for you. Light1. Light is a form of energy. Is light a form of energy?2. It is closely related to heat and nuclear energy. ______________________________________________3. Wherever there is light, there is usually heat. ______________________________________________4. We are dependent on light for the plants we grow and the food we eat. ____________________________________________________________5. The sun is our chief source of light. ____________________________________________________________6. It is a luminous body. ___________________________________________________________7. Fire, too is a luminous body. ____________________________________________________________8. A bonfire and a candle flame are luminous objects. ____________________________________________________________9. Luminous bodies are objects shining by its own light. _____________________________________________________________10. Light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ______________________________________________________________11. Radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays are also part of this spectrum. ______________________________________________________________ 19

Self-check Now, compare your answers with those that follow. 2. Is it closely related to heat and nuclear energy? 3. Is there usually heat wherever there is light? 4. Are we dependent on light for the plants we grow and the food we eat? 5. Is the sun our chief source of light? 6. Is it a luminous body? 7. Is fire a luminous body too? 8. Are a bonfire and a candle flame luminous objects? 9. Are luminous bodies objects shining by its own light? 10. Is light a part of the electromagnetic spectrum? 11. Are radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays also part of this spectrum? Score each item 2 points. Perfect score is 20. Perfect! Terrific! You’re a fast learner. Hats off to you! If you scored between 16 and 18 you did fine. Keep it up. If you scored between 12 and 14 that’s okay, but study harder, please. If you scored 10 or lower you really should devote more time in studying. Try the next exercise.Activity 2. Yes/no Questions with Has / Have Complete each sentence with has or have. 1. _____________________ you conducted an investigatory project? 2. _____________________ the class been given an assignment on one? 3. _____________________ the boys set up the apparatuses? 20

4. _____________________ Nina copied the procedure from the teacher’s manual?5. _____________________ the teacher assigned the group leaders?6. _____________________ anyone ever experienced doing an investigatory project before?7. _____________________ Liza and Meg agreed on who is going to write the report?8. _____________________ the class fully discussed the procedure?9. _____________________ the group members jotted down the important data?10. _____________________ we agreed on the date of submission?Self-checkDo you want to find out how you performed? Check your answers against those below.1. Have 4. Has 7. Have 10. Have2. Has 5. Has 8. Have3. Have 6. Has 9. Have Perfect score is 10. Did you score 10? Wow, you’re terrific! If you scored between 7 and 9 you did well, but you can do better. If you scored 6 or lower concentrate on your studies. You can do better than your present score. Good luck!Activity 3. Yes/No Questions with do, does or didThe topic of this grammar exercise is the Theory of Evolution.Change each statement to a yes/no question. Decide whether to use do, does or did.Number 1 is done for you. The Theory of Evolution1. Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution. Did Charles Darwin develop the theory of evolution?2. The theory of evolution introduced the idea that species change over a long period of time. ________________________________________________________________________3. This theory explains extinct forms, or fossils as ancestors of present day organisms. ________________________________________________________________________ 21

4. Fossils give evidence for evolution. ______________________________________________________________________5. Fossils preserved in successive vertical layers indicate the sequence in which plants and animals evolved. ______________________________________________________________________6. The theory of evolution helps to explain the variety of life. ______________________________________________________________________7. It also gives biologists a more logical way of classifying organisms. ______________________________________________________________________8. The theory raises questions as to the manner and means of its occurrence. ______________________________________________________________________9. The theory operates in natural selection. ______________________________________________________________________10. The theory of evolution occupies a unique place in biology. _____________________________________________________________________11. It formed a part of the foundations of biology. _____________________________________________________________________Self-check Compare your answers with those below to know how well you fared.2. `Did the theory of evolution introduce the idea that species change over a long period of time?3. Does this theory explain extinct forms, or fossils as ancestors of present day organisms?4. Do fossils give evidence for evolution?5. Do fossils preserved in successive vertical layers indicate the sequence in which plants and animals evolved?6. Does the theory of evolution help to explain the variety of life?7. Does it also give biologists a more logical way of classifying organisms?8. Does the theory raise questions as to the manner and means of its occurrence?9. Does the theory operate in natural selection?10. Does the theory of evolution occupy a unique place in biology?11. Did it form a part of the foundation of biology? 22

Score every correct answer as 2. Perfect score is 20. Did you get 20? Wonderful! Congratulations! You mastered your yes/no questions. Did you score 16 or 18? Good work. Keep it up! Did you score 12 or 14? You’re okay but please study harder. Did you score 10 or lower? Please spend more time in your studies and do better next time. The next exercise will give you practice in making tag questions, or short yes-no questionsadded to statements to seek confirmation.Activity 4. Using Tag Questions Add a tag question to each statement then give a short affirmative or negative response. Thefirst one is done for you.Solar Energy 1. The sun gives off solar energy, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. 2. Solar energy can be in the form of heat or light, ___________? _________________. 3. The earth is always receiving solar energy, ________________? ________________. 4. Solar energy is partly absorbed and partly reflected, ___________? ______________. 5. Light-colored objects cannot absorb solar energy well, __________? _____________. 6. The earth has a blanket of air around it, ___________________? _________________. 7. The atmosphere keeps the earth’s surface from getting much hotter or much colder, __ ________________? ___________________. 8. Without the atmosphere, the plants and animals that live on earth could not exist, ____ ________________? __________________. 9. The angle of sunlight affects the temperature of a sunlit surface, _______________? ________________. 10.Some parts of the earth are not as warm as others at the same time of the year, ______ ______________? ________________. 11. Some parts of the earth have the same temperature year round, __________________? _______________________________.Self- checkLet’s find out how you performed. Check your answers against those below. Score 1 pt. forthe tag question and another point for the response.2. can’t it? Yes, it can. 7. doesn’t it? Yes, it does.3. isn’t it? Yes it is. 8. could it? No, it couldn’t.4. isn’t it? Yes, it is. 9. doesn’t it? Yes it does.5. can it? No, it can’t. 10. are they? No, they aren’t.6. doesn’t it? Yes, it does. 11. don’t they? Yes, they do. 23

Perfect score is 20. Perfect? Superb! If your score is between 16-19, you’re doing a good job! Keep it up. If your score is between 12-15, you’re doing just fine but you can still do better. Study harder. If your score is 11 or below please spend more time for your studies. Good luck! Write Thing Read the story below and form five simple or yes/no questions and five tag questions based on it. Be What You Are A.R. Walls Once there was a snake who was not happy because he seemed to upset everyone. He never did anything wrong, and yet, everybody ran away from him, or else they threw sticks and stones at him. He figured out that it must be because of his personal appearance and so he made up his mind to change that. He placed his tail in his mouth and formed himself into a perfect circle. He then stiffened himself and seemed perfectly wooden. Soon some children found him, pounced on him eagerly and screamed, “Oh, what a pretty green hoop.” And taking a stick, they began to roll it along the ground, every now and then giving it a smart smack to keep it rolling along. The poor snake stood the punishment as long as he could. At the first opportunity, he rolled off into the bushes and slipped back into his former shape and slithered away safely. “I have learned my lesson,” he said to himself, “that no matter how unfortunate my lot, I don’t gain anything by pretending to be someone else.”Everyday Expressions You may not be aware but you use idioms in conversation and in writing. Because idioms areusually short but forceful, writers frequently use them. An idiom is an expression that has developed naturally in a language. An idiomaticexpression, generally, cannot be changed nor can the arrangement of the words be altered. Therefore,you must carefully note the exact words that make up the expression and remember the exactarrangement of words. Remember that fluency in English include a mastery of its idioms. 24

I. Study the following two-word verbs or idioms. fall back on – go back to for help fall behind – lag behind fall for – have a crush on; be attracted to fall in – take one’s proper place in line; collapse. fall off – decrease fall out – happen; withdraw fall through – failII. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the idiomatic expression chosen from the list. 1. Imee ___________________ tall, fair and good-looking guys. 2. Lucy is highly dependable; we can always _______________ her if anything goes wrong. 3. The students __________________ line and trooped to their classroom quietly after they were reprimanded by the teachers. 4. Canteen sales tend to ___________________ from August to October. 5. Addicted to computer games, Roberto _______________his studies. 6. Mayet had to ______________ of the skills competition because of illness. 7. The PTA is having a raffle on Saturday afternoon unless it _______________________ because of bad weather. 8. Vic and Boyet always ______________________ a pretty face. 9. Class attendance is ________________ thus the teacher decided to do home visitation. 10. The old building __________________ during the earthquake. 25

Self-checkWant to know how you fared? Check your answers against those below.1. falls for 6. fall out2. fall back on 7. falls through3. fell in 8. fall for4. fall off 9. falling off5. fell behind 10. fell in Now try to use the two-word verbs in your own sentences. Write them in your notebook. Giveyourself a pat on the shoulder because you have finished the module. Do you want to assess howmuch you have learned from it? If so, take the posttest.PosttestA. Recognizing SynonymsLook at the rows of words below. In each row there are two words with similar meanings.Write the letters of those two words on your answer sheet.1. a. fire b. employ c. upper d. hire2. a. needed b. pleasing c. proud d. required3. a. loyal b. light c. faithful d. high4. a. strive b. bloom c. flower d. thrive5. a. last b. final c. first d. momentB. Inferring Character Traits, Feelings and Motives.Write the letter of the answer to the question after the passage.6. “You old leech, you’ve killed others this way, but you’ll see. You’ll see, you thieving woman.” The feeling expressed is a. jealousy c. disappointment b. vindictiveness d. defiance7. For yesterday is but a dream And tomorrow is only a vision But today, well-lived makes every yesterday a dream of happiness And every tomorrow a vision of hope The speaker is a/an 26

a. dreamer c. realistb. optimist d. idealist8. “ I had a dream and I went to Madam Auring to ask her what it could possibly mean.” Thespeaker isa. romantic c. propheticb. inquisitive d. superstitious9. Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a song. The speaker isa. carefree c. wiseb. cheerful d. foolish10. Patricia Ann paused breathlessly in the doorway to the living room and her heart failedher. It was a dark den. Patricia Ann feelsa. contempt c. fearb. joy d. sorrowC. Forming Yes / No QuestionChoose the letter of the correct yes/no question equivalent of the following statements. 11. Matter is the substance of the physical world. a. Is the substance of matter the physical world? b. Is matter the substance of the physical world? c. Can matter be the substance of the physical world? 12. Atoms are the basic components of matter. a. Do atoms compose matter? b. Are the basic components of matter atoms? c. Are atoms the basic components of matter? 13. Low temperature can change liquid matter to solid. a. Can low temperature change liquid matter to solid? b. Does low temperature change liquid matter to solid? c. Is liquid matter changed to solid by low temperature? 14. Water expands when it is frozen. a. When frozen, does water expand? b. Does water expand when it is frozen? c. Did water expand when frozen? 15. Physics deals with the study of the three states of matter. a. Does physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? b. Do physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? c. Is physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? 27