English 3

Activity 3 Below is a well unified paragraph with transitional words/phrase. Read itcarefully and spot the transitional words/phrases. Tell what each transitional wordemphasizes.These have been only a few times in my adult life when I have known for certain thatI made a terrible decision in choosing to become a writer. Obviously, all of them havetaken place at the theatre. What I mean is at the musical theatre. In brief, it beganwhen someone stopped the show. Anyone in the theatre, at any rate, can give you anice, precise obvious definition of what it means. For example, a show stopper, theytell you literally to stop the show. In addition, they’ll do this to the point where theaudience will not let the performers do their thing anymore. In other words, the showgoes downhill. All the preparations are meaningless. It’s over.Key Points• To make connections explicit, to state connections plainly, Transitional words or phrases are used• Each transition device serves a specific purpose. Generally each transitional word/phrase signals a new but related idea• Some of the transitional words/phrases are grouped below according to purpose.Likeness: likewise, similarly, at the same timeDifference: but, however, yet, still, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrastAddition: and, moreover, equally important, next, again, also, too, besides, furthermoreOrder: first, second, third, etc. in the first place, in the second place, etc.Example: for example, for instance, to illustrateTime: soon, in the meantime, afterwards, later, meanwhile, earlier, simultaneouslyPlace: here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, to left, to the rightPurpose: for this purpose, to this endEnd: in conclusion, to summarize, finally, on the wholeRestatement: in short, in other words, in brief, to put it in differentlyConclusionResult: therefore, as a result, consequently, accordingly, thus, then, hence, soCause: because, since, as, forActivity 4 Complete the paragraph by supplying appropriate transitional words orphrases at specific points. Use the words enclosed in parenthesis as guide. Transitional words often signal the need to begin a new paragraph. 1._(reason)these would provide obvious linkers that a readers can depend on. Cautious students 16

are known to overuse some of them. 2. (purpose, be on guard against using them. 3.(restatement), where your text could be clear without transition word, avoid usingone. When you do use them, be especially careful not to use transition words/ phrasesinaccurately, 4. (example) where your material doesn’t show connection clearly,forget the idea. They are not to be used as desperate measures to fasten together ideas,5. (conclusion) every link must make sense.Activity 5 The following begin with three arguments. Select one and copy it on yourpaper. Write at least three objections to refute the argument. Present the advantages ordisadvantages of the argument as reasons for your choice. Use transitional markers tosmoothen the flow of your ideas. 1. Watching movies is a more enjoyable pastime then reading books, because films maintain a faster pace. It involves the audience to a greater extent. It requires little effort on the part of the viewers. 2. It is no longer necessary for people to learn mathematics. In today’s world all basic computation can be performed quite simply on convenient calculation, computers and cellphones. 3. Politics is not a promising field for a conscientious person to enter. There are too many possibilities for corruption. Continue exploring life, now! you can surely unravel life’s mysteries. Ready?LiteratureActivity 1 We are looking for a three letter word which gives fear or apprehension toalmost all people throughout the world. What do you think is it? To solve it, use thefollowing clues. _________ 1. It’s first letter is at the beginning of the world. ________ 2. It’s second letter is at the middle of van. ________ 3. I’m at the end of terror  What am I? the word is __ __ __. Can things happen if there is war? 17

VocabularyActivity 2 Vocabulary Development Choose from the words in parenthesis the meaning of the underlined words found in the selection. 1. to indulge in the illusion of hope (image, belief, aspiration, message) 2. arduous struggle for liberty (committed, foolish, ill-timed, laborious) 3. to solace themselves (help, convince, comfort ], sacrifice) 4. insidious smile (treacherous, cheerful, sad, confident) 5. a snare to your feet (cover, balm, noose, weight) 6. implements of war and subjugation (destruction, militarization, conquest, death) 7. to avert the storm (prevent, turn off, fly over, get over) 8. we have prostrated ourselves (lifted up, thrown down, turned over, looked into) 9. so formidable an adversary (ally, friend, countrymen, enemy) 10. invincible by any force (unconquerable, defensible, destructible, inexhaustible) 18

Activity 3 Which do you value more in life freedom or power? Read “Liberty or Death”by Patrick Henry to find out why and how other people value freedom. Liberty or Death Patrick Henry Patrick Henry (1736-1799). He began to practice law in 1760. in 1765, he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses. As delegate to the First Continental Congress, he opened his speech with “I am not a Virginia, but an American.” On March 25, 1775, he delivered this speech at the Virginia Convention. “Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” It is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to that song of siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst and to provide for it. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guide, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir: it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition conforms with those warlike preparations, which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwillingly to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves. These are the implements of war and subjugation – the last arguments to which kings resort. 19

I ask, gentlemen, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not toforce us into submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive forit? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all thisaccumulation of navies and armies? No, she has none. They are meant for us:they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon usthose chains, which the British ministry have been so long forging. And whathave we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? We have been trying thatfor the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject?Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it was capable;but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shallwe find, which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you,deceive ourselves longer. We have done to avert the storm, which is nowcoming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated;we have prostrated ourselves at the foot of the throne, and implored itsinterposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Ourpetition have been slighted; our remonstrance’s have produced additionalviolence and insult; our supplications have disregarded; and we have beenspurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, nay we indulge the fond hope of peace andreconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free, ofwe mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we havebeen so long contending, if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggledin which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselvesnever to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained, wemust fight! I repeat it, WE MUST FIGHT! An appeal to arms and to the Godof hosts in all that is left us! the brave. Besides, we have no election, if wewere base enough to desire it; it is now too late to retire from the contest.There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forced! Theirclanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable – and letit come! I repeat, LET IT COME. They tell us that we are weak – unable to cope with so formidable anadversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will be the next week, or next year?Will it be totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed In veryhouse? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquirethe means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs, and huggingthe delusive phantom of hope until our enemies shall have bound has hand andfoot? We are not weak, If we make a proper use those means which the God ofnature hath place in our power. The millions of people, armed in the holycause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible 20

by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles of us. The battle is not to the strong alone; it is not to the vigilant – the active – It is vain to extenuate the matter. Gentleman may cry, Peace, Peace – but there is no peace. The war is actually begun. The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is that gentleman wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!Activity 4 1. Judging from the tone of the speech, what would be the attitude or mood of the delegates to the First Continental Congress? 2. What are the preparations for the war that the British were making? 3. What are the questions the author asks the delegates? 4. What did the writer want the delegates in the convention to realize? 5. What arguments did the author give to convince the delegates that war was inevitable? 6. If you were a delegate to this convention, would you be convinced to agree with him and join him? 7. What does the last paragraph mean? Explain its significance. 8. State the writer’s objective in writing or delivering his speech.Activity 5 Writers use allusion to compress great deal of meaning into a very few words.Allusion is a reference, generally brief, to a person, place, thing, event which thereader is presumably familiar. It works if it’s clearly understood. For example “OhRizal, let your love for freedom ring!” Patrick Henry used the following allusions. 1. “song of the siren till she turns into beasts”(mythological allusion) 2. “betrayed with a kiss” (biblical allusion)  What do these allusions mean?  Give other examples of allusions? 21

Activity 6 Choose one argument that P. Henry used and of which you agree or disagreestrongly. Analyze and express its pros and cons. Copy the tree diagram below and fillit with appropriate entries. Argument: My Stand: Pros ConsActivity 7 Scout for quotation that upholds the value of freedom or liberty.  Let’s say you made it good, no perfectly I mean. What’s next?Writing What is the next best thing you should do after writing the first draft of yourresearch paper? Your probably need to revise it once you have completed the first draft.Look at it with “new eyes”. When you revise it, you do far more than correctingspelling, punctuation and grammar errors. You look at it as a reader so you can see ifthe ideas are presented clearly. That is, your consider and improve both the contentand the style of your paper.Activity 1 (Reviewing the content) To make sure that your ideas are presented clearly and completely, reviewyour paper for the following.How well do you know these terms?Go over the description below and examine which are familiar to you. Identify what isbeing described in each numbered item. 22

1. I am a very important idea for the research paper I am the general statement that serves as sentence nucleus of the paper upon which the stand or argument of the researcher will be proven. 2. I’m IP. I set the tone for the research paper in three or more paragraphs. I create an interesting beginning by clearly presenting the stand or argument. I present the importance and the purpose of the topic to be discussed. I also give the scope and the controlling background information. 3. I have fully developed and organized paragraphs by providing the facts that support the thesis statement and I provide smooth transitions from the thesis statement to the rest of the parts, thereby I shape the thoughts of the paper in different ways. I set out information logically to support the thesis statement. My initials are B.O.P. 4. I tie together what has been writer in part, 1 and 2. I draw the paper to a close by summarizing the main idea and expressing the findings, generalizations and recommendations I restate the main topic in other way. 5. I provide a smooth flow of ideas and I made clear connections between sentences or paragraphs. 6. I am the framework or the plan for the research paper. I enable you to check the sequence of ideas and to rearrange the order if necessary I also show the amount of support you need for each main point. 7. I am one form of documenting your paper whenever you use information that is not your own. Using superscript is needed to provide number of information that are borrowed. You can avoid plagiarism because of me. 8. I am the last page of your research paper. I include alphabetical listing of all the serves of specific ideas you read.Activity 2 Parts to a whole How do you arrange the parts of your research paper? Using the information you gathered in Activity 1, write the parts of the research paper in the order they are to be presented. Copy the following flow chart, and fill it up with appropriate entries. ? ????Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page - Page - ? ? last page 2nd to the last page 23

Activity 3 Reviewing the Mechanics and Style Read through the checklist and find out which step you agree or disagree on. Ifyou disagree, point out the word/phrase that makes it wrong. Substitute it with thecorrect one. 1. Use white band paper, 8 ½ by 11 inches. 2. Double-space your typing throughout except including quotations. 3. Keep your margin consistent. 4. Indent the first word of a paragraph five spaces from the left margin. Indent long quotations of four lines or more ten spaces from the left margin. 5. Do not underline your title. 6. Put your last name and page number on the top right hand corner one and ½ inch from the top of the page. 7. Number all pages consecutively without using any punctuation and without using letter “p” before the number. 8. Research paper should be written in the third person. 9. Use contraction such as “don’t” or “can’t or abbreviation like “w/out” and “w/”. 10. Works of theory should be cited in the past tense. 11. Results of experiments, surveys are reported in the present tense. 12. Generalization and conclusion are stated in the past tense. 13. Transitional words and phrases should be used to relate or to connect paragraph. 14. The thesis statement should be reinforced in the conclusion and the endnotes. 15. Formal and simple words should be used. 24

Key Points In revising your research paper, you must. • Read through your draft carefully several times. • Refer to your outline and check to see that you have all the points in correct order. You can reorganize the sequence if you want to improve your paper. • Check each section or part for unity. Each supporting detail should clearly relate to the point being made. Delete words or parts that do not support your main point. • Be sure you have enough information in introduction body and concluding part. • Make use of transitional devices to produce a coherent whole. • Use third person and not first or second person pronouns. • Formal and serious words should be used. Special terms should be defined or described clearly. • Correct errors in grammar, usage, spelling, punctuation and capitalization. • Make sure there is no error in endnotes and bibliography. Omission of entries should be avoided. • Use white bond paper, 8 ½ 11 inches. If you use computer paper, make sure to tear off the edges before turning in your paper. • Double-space your typing throughout, including quotations and the list of works cited. • Keep your margins consistent. Except for page numbers, leave one inch on both sides and one inch at the top and bottom. Do not justify the type if you are using a word processor, • Indent the first word of a paragraph five spaces from the left margin. Indent long quotations of four lines or more ten spaces from the left margin. • On the first page of the research paper, begin one inch below the top of the page and flush with the left margin type the following information: Your name Your instructor’s name Title of the course Date • Double-spaces again and center the title of the paper on that line. Double- spaces between the title and the first line on the text. • Do not underline your title, enclose it in quotation marks, or type in all capital letters. Underline only those words you would underlined in the text, such as the title of the book. • Put your last name and the page number in the top right-hand corner one-half inch from the top of the page, even on the first page………..Number all pages consecutively without using any punctuation and without using the letter p before the number. 25

Activity 4 Read through your first draft carefully. Check your paper against the keypoints and for the following points. 1. Did you develop each paragraph sufficiently? 2. Did you make all your paragraphs unified? 3. Did you make clear transitions between paragraphs? 4. Did you check the organization of your draft against your outline? 5. Do all the points in the paper support the thesis statement? 6. Is each point clearly stated and developed? 7. Is your paper unified? 8. Did you connect your ideas with transitional words? 9. Are the parts logically arranged? 10. Is your finished paper neat and free of errors?  Keep it up! Harvesting time once again.How Much Did You LearnReadingDirections: Read the passage carefully. Write the letter of the expression which bestfits each sentence that follow the passage. 1) But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on thethreshold which leads into the palace of freedom and equality. 2) In the process ofgaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 3) Let us not seek to satisfy our trust for freedom by drinking from the cup ofbitterness and hatred. 4) We must forever conduct our struggle on the high placedignity and disciplines. 5) We must not allow our creature protest to degenerate intophysical violence. 6) Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meetingphysical force with soul force. 7) The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the negro communitymust not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, asevidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tiedup with our destiny and they have came to realize that their freedom is inextricablybound to our freedom. 8) We cannot work alone. 9) And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always marchahead. 10) We can’t turn back. - From! “I have A Dream” by: Martin Luther King Jr. 26

1. The issue given comment on is thirst for _____________.A. discipline and dignity C. freedom and equalityC. struggle and protest D. violence and terror2. The speaker’s stand is to gain freedom and equality through ____________.A. making pledges C. physical forceC. rightful deeds D. wrongful deeds3. The article clearly shows that the speaker is ________ the issue of gainingfreedom and equality not through wrongful deeds.A. against B. for C. ignoring D. verifying4. Sentence number 8 is a statement based on ________.A. hearsay B. fact C. opinion D. rumor5. One of the evidence presented by the speaker to support his argument is the_______________.A. cup of bitterness B. march ahead of themC. presence of their “white brothers” D. process of gaining6. When the speaker says, “We can not walk alone.” It means that he _______ onmeeting physical force with soul force.A. agress B. disagrees C, ignores D. wonder7. The reasons cited by the speaker ________ his argument.A. clarify B. nullify C. support D. both A and C8. The speaker’s purpose in presenting his argument, doubtlessly, is to ______.A. call attention B. express his viewsC. more people to act D. oppose other viewsVocabularyDirections: For each underlined word in the sentences, there is an antonym in thebox below to help your understand it’s meaning. Write the letter of the correctantonym of each underlined word. A. agreement E. ordinary B. bondage F. rightful C. exit; end point G. sweetness D. increase H. full of hindrance1. We fight for our freedom.2. He stands on the warm threshold.3. We are not guilty of wrongful deeds. 27

4. Don’t drink in the cup of bitterness. 5. We must struggle with dignity. 6. Our protest degenerate into physical violence. 7. We must rise to the majestic heights. 8. Their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.GrammarDirections: Write the letter of the transitional word that best completes each sentence. Education is not an end ____(1.)____ a means to an end. _____(2.)_____, wedo not educate children only for the purpose of educating them ____(3.)______ ourpurpose is to fit them for life.it is preparation for life _____(4.)________, when we say that all of us must beeducated in such a way that ____ (5.)_______, each of us can do whatever job issuited to one’s ability and brain. ______(6.)________ we can realize all jobs arenecessary to our society and _______(7,)_______ it is bad to be ashamed of one’swork.A. but D. firstly G. in other wordsB. because E. secondlyC. equally important F. in fact 28

Check Yourself How Much Did You KnowReading1. B (effects)2. D (very effective)3. C (feeds upon the real)4. D (reason)5. A (fact)6. B (4 and 5)7. A (against)8. A (certainty)Vocabulary1. B (clarity is the opposite of confuse)2. C (discourages is the opposite of feeds)3. D (distaste is the opposite of appetite)4. A (artificial is the antonym of natural)5. G (glamour is the opposite of simpleness/naturalness)6. F (near is the antonym of remote)7. C (pain is the antonym of cater)Grammar1. B (because the following clause clarifies reason)2. A3. E (but the following clause signals a opposition)4. D5. C (at the same time the following clause signals addition) (similarly the following signals similarity) (obviously the following clause signals clarification) 29

ListeningActivity 1 (answer may vary) Yes, ads mislead consumers instead of giving the truths about the product. Adsuse come on liner or arguments based on the opinion. Most of the times, they promisepleasure and lend people to buy things which are not needed. They are full ofpromises.Activity 3 Activity 4 1. 1. BIG charge credit card. 2. 2. a. most powerful credit card in he world. 3. 4. b. ticket to the world 5. c. accepted all over the world 6. 3. The most useful card in the world 7. 4. telephone numbers are given 5. give the comfort and pleasure - give chance to see the world - accepted all over the world - most powerful card in the world 6. it caters to the need of the people 7. both (fact and opinion)Activity 5Product advertised: BIG charge credit card AppealCome on line: Remember that cash isn’t necessary! reason reason What is important? Your comfort and pleasure! reason Reasons/Advantages reason/emotion1. Ticket to the world of International business reason2. More than a credit card emotion3. Accepted all over the world emotion4. There is a special introductory gift5. Most useful and in the world6. Travel in self-assured manner7. importantActivity 6 (answers may vary) View Reason View I Reason I agree most…more than Disagree mostcredit card a There are other Travel in self- - Very features aside from assured manner of competitive being a credit card. experienced - based on the business people opinion who are in control. 30

Activity 7 (answers may vary) Sample answersProduct: BIG charge card Advantages Disadvantagesexperienced traveling with business accumulate creditpeoplechance to possess an executive travel case temptation to have more than one canfor free affordcash is not necessary lost control in expensesActivity 8 (answers may vary) Our economy is down and this is the change for small scale businessmanto look out for other possibilities of economic stability through small business dealsabroad.ReadingActivity 1 2. 1. At present every country is afraid of being Is it possible to destroyed by superior keep peace in nuclear power. the world3. 4. 5. Absolutely! People must That’s a Yes, we have to fear destruction by universal find ways to nuclear force. problem ensure world peaceActivity 2 1. opinion 2. fact 3. fact 4. opinion 5. opinion 31

Activity 3 7. - ion 1. – i ties 8. - rer 2. – al 9. - ion 3. – ment 10. - ion 4. – nce 11. - nt 5. – dy 12. – er 6. – nentActivity 4 Arguments PresentedMadman’s Idea Advocate Fear Gun Control • animals in the protection jungle do so-kill to from • isolates and survive criminals • sorry peace and identifies the order because of pro-gun outlaws easily • macho image pro gun is selfish, in • Keep the 5th Christian commandment Gun ban is needed to • gun ban throughout avoid injuries, death abuse the year • control’s criminals• lifestyles of • abandon thepoliticians language of arms• Perpetuated by the • crime interventionmovie industryActivity 5 1. No, citizens need not arm themselves. 2. Positive arguments. 3. A gun is a tragedy waiting to happen. Violence begets violence 4. promote gun bar 5. Gun ban is one best way for peace. It can lesson if not totally eradicate violence.Activity 6Message Stand Appeal reason and emotion“It’s time to turn the tide against gun cultureagainst gun culture.”Activity 7I agree most The reason I disagree The reasonon “a gun is for this is strongly on arming thea tragedy if aim a the idea that people canwaiting to person, he it is for self- be thehappen.” will be gaining defense reason for courage to them to be use it unne- violent. cessarily. 32

GrammarActivity 1 1. First 2. second 3. Thus 4. Third 5. On the wholeActivity 2 obviously again later to the right in brief because Certainly meanwhile above for since next At any rate afterwards later Place Purpose Cause emphasis Order Time in addition finally for instance also hence as a result to illustrate in other similarly furthermore to this end inconclusion words likewise so thus Example whereas inlike Addition End but manner Result Difference LikenessActivity 3 emphasis 1. obviously restatement 2. In brief emphasis 3. at any rate example 4. For example addition 5. In addition likeness 6. In other wordsActivity 4 1. for 2. for this purpose 3. In short 4. for instance 5. thereforeActivity 5 (answers may vary) 1. Reading is more enjoyable than watching movies since it will enrich your vocabulary. You will wider your knowledge and you will gain vicarious experiences. 2. Mathematics is a basic subject. Not all problems can be solved by calculations, computer and cell phone. Math sharpens the skills of humans. 33

3. Politics is not good for conscientives reason since it is a dirty place in life. one can be temped to lean on to negative side because of pressure and like. Moral virtues are not considered always in politics.LiteratureActivity 1 1. W 2. A 3. RActivity 2 1. image 2. laborious 3. comfort 4. treacherous 5. weight 6. conquest 7. prevent 8. thrown down 9. enemy 10. defensibleActivity 4 1. 2. accumulated armies and naives 3. “Is life so dear, so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?” “Is the part of wise men engaged in the great and ardous struggle for liberty? “Are we dispose to be the number of those who having eyes see not, having ears, hear not? “What means this martial away, if its purpose be not to force us to submission?” “Has Great Britain no enemy in this quarter of the world? “Shall use try argument?” “Have we anything new to offer upon the subject?” “Why stand we here idle?” “What is it that gentleman wish?” 4. The war is inevitable. 5. There is no peace. The war has actually begun. Our brethren are already in the field. 6. No, I wouldn’t be convinced to agree with him. 7. There is no tuning back. They have to wage war and be ready for sacrifices. They know war entails death but their love for liberty supersedes the love for life. 8. Most probably, he did want to convince and move people to action. 34

Activity 5 1. They ought to fight in war until the time that they could not avoid to kill their enemies. 2. You have been fooled by someone who showed fake concern and love.Activity 6 (answers may vary)Argument: War is inevitable Sample My stand: War must be answers avoided Pros___________ _________Cons_______We can’t have everything by force. War is so destructive.Tolerance must be practiced. Its affects are long term.Peaceful solutions should There will be so muchBe tried instead of war. killings and hatred.WritingActivity 1 1. thesis statement 2. Introductory part 3. Body of the paper 4. Conclusion 5. transitional words 6. outline 7. footnote/endnote 8. bibliography 35

Activity 2 Page 2 Page 3 Body Page- of the Title paper Page Page - Page 1 Last page 2nd to the last pageActivity 2 1. agree 2. agree 3. agree 4. agree 5. agree 6. one and ½ (should be ½ inch) 7. agree 8. agree 9. disagree – use constructions (should be don’t use contractions) formal language must be used. 10. disagree – past tense (it should be present tense) 11. disagree – present tense (results should be presented in the past tense) 12. disagree – past tense (generalizations and conclusion are stated in the present tense) 13. agree 14. agree 15. agree How Much Did You LearnReading Vocabulary 1. C (freedom and equality 1. B (bondage) 2. C (right feel deeds) 2. C (exit; end point) 3. B (for) 3. F (rightful) 36

4. C (opinion) 4. F (sweetness)5. C (presence of their white brothers) 5. A (agreement)6. A (agrees) 6. D (increase)7. D (both A and C) 7. E (ordinary)8. C (move people to act) 8. H (full of hindrance)Grammar 1. A (but) 2. D (Firstly) 3. B (because) 4. E (secondly) 5. G (in other words) 6. F (in fact) 7. C (equally important)  It’s a success!CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve made it. Now you’ve completed the activities in this module,you may want to go over the parts you found. a. most interesting b. most challenging c. most rewarding Completed the reflections before you move to the next module. The next module will help you become more proficient at_____________.Your Score19-23 Excellent! Keep up the good work!14-18 Very good! You’re doing fine.10-13 Good job! Go over the ones you missed.6-8 Fair! Try to do better next time.0-5 Needs Improvement. Double your effort. 37

Listening Text (tape script) COMMERCIAL AD – BIG CHARGED CARD Do you know that you are listening to the ad of the most powerful creditcard in the whole world? Here are three big reasons why you should have it. The BIG charge card is more than a credit card. It is your ticket to theworld of International business travel. You will find it accepted all over theworld. If you wish to apply for membership, please call us. Our numbers are 43411 23 / 434-11-24 / or 491 7854. If you apply this Monday, you will receive anexecutive travel case. This special introductory gift is beautifully designed andstyled for special people like you. Why not put your signature on the most useful card in the world? Travel in self-assured manner of experienced business people who are incontrol.  Remember that cash is not necessary! What is important? Your comfort and pleasure! 38

Module 9 Where Lies The Truth TO THE STUDENT Welcome to this module! You must be very eager to start with the learning activities. The activities in the module have been designed to provide you with rich and stimulating learning experiences that will help you communicate better in English! Familiarize yourself with the different sections of this module.What are the parts of this module? The different sections of the module are presented by the following headings andicons. MODULE NUMBER AND TITLE appears on the first page of the module is represented by the icon on the left. The module number and the title are followed by a picture and a brief introduction which tells you what the module covers. You should read carefully the title and the introduction to give you an idea of the exciting things in store for you. WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT provides you insights on what you are going to learn. This section encourages you to read carefully the activities you need to work on. WHAT YOU ARE EXPECTED TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE This section lists what you should learn after going through the activities in the module. You can use this list to check your own learning. HOW TO WORK ON THIS MODULE. This section provides the steps that you need to do in accomplishing the activities.

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW. Assesses what you already know about the skills you will learn in the module. Do not worry if you fail to answer all the question. After working on the various module activities, you will take similar test. ACTIVITIES consist of a variety of learning experiences and exercises designed to help you develop the skills and competencies covered in this module. The icon on the left introduces this section. The learning areas are also introduced by a specific icon. The icons and the titles serve as your guide on the languages activities you are to focus on: listening, speaking, vocabulary, reading, grammar, literature and writing. You should not skip any of the activities. They have been sequenced to help you achieve what you are expected to learn from this module. After each exercise, you are invited to check your answer under the Check Yourself section.Following are the specific icons for the specific activities discussed above. A listening lesson is introduced by this icon. This icon introduces a speaking lesson. A reading lesson is introduced by this icon. This icon introduces a grammar lesson. A writing lesson is introduced by this icon. This icon introduces a literature by this icon. 2

A vocabulary activity is introduced by this icon. KEY POINTS provides the key terms, concepts and generalization from this module. Grammar lessons are clearly discussed in this part. HOW MUCH DID YOU LEARN. After you have work on all the activities in the module, check on how much you have achieved. It has the same icons as the HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW. CHECK YOURSELF provides the answers to the exercises as well as the answers to the HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW and HOW MUCH DID YOU LEARN. The purpose of the CHECK YOUR SELF is to help you determine if your responses are correct, and to provide you with feedback. If you are able to answer correctly all the items in the exercise, you may proceed immediately to the next learning activities. If you are unable to answer most of the topics, you may need to go back and review the lessons which you have not understood well. After checking your answer, go over the topics or items you missed. What This Module Is About “The truth will set us free!” This has always been the unending clamor of peoplesearching for truth. Are you one of them? Yes, of course you are given the freedom to know, to appreciate and to develop aswell as the feelings to express the gift of truth about the world and your self. Somehow,you feel the need to learn and realize these gifts you possess to become what you arecalled to become. It’s high time for you to know the truth since everyone have the desireto be saved by coming to know the truth, but “Where lies the truth? How can it beattained? Surely, this module will help you to focus on the unswerving search for truththrough listening to the many voices of reason that rise above the din. That’s a great task– a challenge indeed! Care for it? 3

What You Are Expected To Learn • State the values from the selection listened to. • React critically to issues raised. • Give the meaning of words by using context clues. • Determine the author’s viewpoint. • React critically to what has been read by analyzing arguments presented. • Report direct commands, advise, request. • Express concern using indirect commands/advise. • Deduce the recurring theme discovered in listening pieces. • Discover literature as a means of understanding mankind. • Write the final draft of a research paper.  Now that you know what you are expected to learn from this module, let’s find out what your know about them. Follow the direction for each set of tasks. How Much Did you Know ReadingDirections: Read the article carefully. Write the letter of the expression that best completes each sentence. VIDEO GAME, TV-SPURRED VIOLENCE REVERSIBLE CUT exposure time. That’s all it takes to lesson the violent tendencies exhibitedby children, said Stanford University’s Dr Thomas Robinson. Dr. Robinson, an assistant professor of pediatrics and leader of this researchrecalled how previous studies successfully linked children’s violence to media exposure 4

but failed to cite solutions to it. The results of this research, he observed, indicates thatthe effects of violence incited by television and video game programs could be reversed. The research involved two comparable primary schools in San Jose, California. Inone school, 120 participants were given no intervention and held under observation as acontrol group. In the other, 105 children were subjected to 18 lessons, each lasting about30 to 50 minutes, over six months. Central to the lessons were the benefits of reducedexposure to television and video games. The students were next challenged to abstain from spending time in front of theboob tube for ten days and then watch it only for seven hours a week tops. After that, variable group of students demonstrated lesser aggressiveness andviolence. Compared to the control group, the school were interventions had beenintroduced reported 25% lesser violence among students who participated in the study. Dr Robinsons and his colleagues admitted to the limitations of their study, sayingthat they only examined two schools and did no consider the amount if violent media thechildren were exposed to. Still, a children’s violence expert, Dr Katherine Kaufer Christoffel said thefindings were sound. She said the results of Dr Robinson’s research echoed another,which suggests that overexposure even to nonviolent media made kids more aggressive. Dr Chritoffel, however, hoped that further researches could tell whether or not theresults of any such interventions were long-term. This study has been published in the Archives of Pediatrics and AdolescentMedicines. MD 1. The article is about __________________________________________. A. aggressive behavior of children B. children’s exposure to T.V and video games C. solutions to children’s over exposure to television D. violence incited by T.V programs and videos games 2. Dr. Robinson’s research suggests that over exposure even to non violent media made kids more ______________________________________. A. aggressive B. challenged C. comparable D. demonstrative 5

3. Dr Robinson’s said that all it takes to lessen the violent tendencies exhibited by children is to _____________________________________. A. allow them to expose themselves to T.V and video games B. cut exposure to T.V and video games C. give more intervention D. study children’s behavior4. The results of Dr. Robinson’s research indicates that the effects of violence incited by T.V programs and video games could be ________________________________________. A. recounted B. reduced C. reversed D. reproduced5. Dr. Christoffel, children’s violence expert said that the findings were ___________________________. A. controlled B. lasting C. limited D. sound6. The findings and results of the said study is possibly true to ___________ to children. A. all B. few C. limited D. majority7. The report clearly ________________ the truth about children’s violence and aggressive behavior A. controls B. negates C. limits D. proves 6

VocabularyDirections: Use context clues to decide what each underlined word means in each sentence. Write the letter of the correct meaning of each underlined word. Choose from the word pool below. Word Pool: A. associate in work B. come between C. roused to action D. urged on E. turn on both sides F. physician who externalizes on the care of babies and children 1. He is a popular professor of pediatrics. 2. There were no interventions given. 3. Violence is incited by some television programs. 4. His colleagues admitted its limitations. 5. Video games and T.V programs spurred violence. 6. They believe that T.V programs and violence are reversible. GrammarA. Directions: Write the letter of the correct expression that fits each mini dialogue. Choose from the word pool below. Word Pool A. Remember B. Don’t worry C. Tel her, I care too 1. Alex: How can I solve this problem? Beth: ____________. I’ll help you. 2. Micah: Your mother cares a lot for you. Eric: ____________. 7

3. Sonny: _________ to drink your medicine on time. Leif: Thanks! I will. B. Directions: Write the letters of the correct reported command/requests. 1. “Respect other people always,” he advised. He advised ______________. A. respect other people always B. her to respect other people always C. her respect other people always D. that respect other people always 2. She requested, “Please, be careful.” She requested_______________. A. please be careful B. that please be careful C. me to be careful D. me be careful 3. “Don’t be reckless with other people’s hearts,” mother said. Mother _________________________. A. advised me not be reckless with other people’s heart B. advised not be reckless with other people’s heart C. said don’t be reckless D. said that not to be reckless 4. They tell us, “ Speak the truth” They tell us ______________________. A. speak the truth B. that speak the truth C. who speak the truth D. to speak the truth E. The truth is you’ve started it right?How do you feel about it? Great?Listening Have you experienced hiding a secret in life? No matter how you try to keep orhide a secret for sure there will come a time that your secret will be revealed. To behappy and contended in life, you must always be truthful. You must always be honest andsincere with yourself and others. 8

Activity 1 Recall the time when you tried to hide something from someone. How did youfeel as you were trying to keep it from him/her? Were you able to keep it long? How wasyour secret discovered. Copy the illustration below and plot your entries as indicated. How it was discovered How did I feel? ?? MY SECRET ? Me Someone EffectsActivity 2 Listen to your (friend, mother or sister) read “The Blessings of A Shinning Face”and find out what betrayed the prospector’s secret. 9

VocabularyActivity 3 Look for word clues in the sentence to help you understand the meaning of eachunderlined word. Then give its meaning. Plot your entries in a table as shown below. Sentences Word Clue Meaning1. The prospectors did not give upsearching gold.2. They panned the stream for many daysuntil they have found gold.3. They discovered nuggets of gold andcarefully collected them.4. Dozens of men trailed them.5. Their beaming fact’s can’t be ignored.6. How they looked betrayed their secrets.Activity 4 This time listen carefully, and answer the following questions. 1. What is the passage all about? 2. Why did the early prospector want to keep their discovery a secret? 3. How was the secret discovered? Is it justifiable? 4. What would you do if you, too had made such a discovery? Explain the meaning of “Their beaming faces betrayed their secret”.Activity 5 This time, try the following. In your notebook, copy the illustrations below andplot your entries as indicated. a. Cite instances to prove that one’s facial expression mirrors one’s mental state or emotion. b. What is the value of an ever smiling face? What good can it to do you and to others? c. Can you afford to smile and look happy if you feel guilty of a wrongdoing? Explain. 10

Value/Advantage Mental guilty ?b. State? Why ? / Why not ? Emotion c. a.Activity 6 Write a letter expressing your reflection on the many blessings you have receivedfrom God. Show how you really appreciate them. Explain what values youobtained/learned from them. Dear God, ____________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________Reading How can you learn the meaning of a word you don’t know? One way is to look atthe context. The context is the words and sentences around the unknown word. You mayfind clues in the context that will help you understand what the word means. 11

Activity 1 Vocabulary Development Choose the appropriate word from the given options. Use context clues to decidewhat the missing words are. 1. Strangely the ______ and the great appear side by side on television. a. noble b. mediocre c. ugly d. old-fashioned 2. Television __________ non-materialistic values as it emphasizes buying the new and throwing away the old. a. approves b. promotes c. sells d. shuns 3. Television _________ the sender who is often portrayed by glamorous stars. a. belittles b. makes fun of c. extols d. criticizes 4. The thrifty person is to often considered a _________ of the free enterprise system. a. hero b. saboteur c. partner d. propagandist 5. “You watch is _______; buy the latest model.” a. obsolete b. broken c. too fast d. too slow 6. If a person does not buy what TV tells him so, he is often considered a __________. a. hero b. spendthrift c. deviate d. normal consumer 12

7. On TV, the virtuous woman is __________ by the hero who usually prefers fallen women. a. spurned b. pursued c. praised d. admiredActivity 2 How often do you watch television? How does television influence you and your family’s daily living? Read the following article to find out what- values are promoted by TV. Values Promoted by TV On television, the mediocre and the great appear side by side. Singing commercials are heard more than great music. Pressed by the television, the other media adopt this same approach. Starving children and cigarette models face each other in color. The coexistence of the cheap, the vulgar, the violent, and the sacred, gives the impression of almost complete valueless ness. The danger in this is that the listener or viewer himself grows indifferent. As broadcasting does not discriminate between opinions, the listener-viewer also becomes indiscriminating. If television can be said to have any values at all it is those of the salesman, big businessmen, manufacturers and showmen who control it – essentially materialistic values. And, like those who control it, television shuns everything which does not fit in with these values. Television extols the speaker. He is portrayed by the stars. He buys everything. He knows that it is a duty to free enterprise to spend, rather than to save. Unlike the networks, which use the same films year after year, he is told to throw away the old and buy the new. Whether he needs a product or not, if he is not to be a saboteur of our economic system, he must buy. This value is used as a lever in various ways, affecting even the respect of son for mother and vice versa. If children do not spend on mother, on Mother’s Day, they obviously do not love her. Affection or loyalty, like success, is measured in dollars. Another conspicuous values taught by television is conformity or adjustment. Viewers and listeners are urged to do as the person on the screen does: “Buy item C, use like this.” Television market research proves that this motivation is very effective – and that people do as they are shown. Television defines the good citizen. He is happy and carefree. He spoils himself. He does not walk when he can ride. The well- adjusted, happy individual goes along with the gang. He does not raise unpopular questions. If the craving an individual has is not satisfied by things, he is obviously out of step. He is an enemy. 13

Television exalts celebrities, treating them as society’s most valuedmembers. It is taken for granted that on the basics of both salary and prestige,except for corporation executives, show people are the most important people inthe United States. They are paid more and imitated more than scientists, artist,journalist, composers, teachers, doctors, or government employees. The bestprograms on television are tributes to them. The public knows what products aregood by noting what products the stars use. What kind of values of the stars demonstrate the roles of hero andheroine which they portray? The Payne Fund Film Studies indicated that the herohad little reluctance to use violence, or to kill if necessary. The hero wasresponsible for 15 of the 71 deaths by violence found in one group of films. Eventhe heroine committed some of the murder shown. The violent and illegal use ofweapons and other instruments (such as cars) is promoted by television and films.Lessons on how to use such tools for crime (rather than for hunting or safedriving) are, of course, included. So far of as respect for education and seriouscareer is concerned in 115 films reviewed, scientific or educational achievement isshown as a desirable goal in only four. Lest the problem of violence or weapons be oversimplified, however, itshould be made clear that the position taken here is not simply that violence isalways bad. Nor is the showing of the use of weapons necessarily bad. Thesituation is not that black and white. Cars may be used as weapons, to kill. Guns,used legitimately for sports, recreation, or law enforcement and crime prevention,are surely not bad in themselves. As Edgar Dale noted (30 years ago) in his analysis “The Content OfMotion Pictures in the Payne Fund Studies, revenge (which the NAB Codeoutlaws as a motive) ranks fourth as a motivation and was found in 35 percent ofthe films. In the group of films studied, five heroes, eight heroines, and 10 villainswere move by revenge. Revenge motivated more heroes and heroines thanvillains. One recent shift in the qualities of heroines and heroes, ascompared with those found in most of the films reviewed in the Payne FundStudies, is to be noted. Heroes, especially athletes, used to be associated andidentified with wholesome food, regular hours, exercise, and self-discipline.Recently, heroes are shown associated with soft drinks, shaving materials, beer,tobacco, automobiles, and luxuries. 14

The kind of woman who gets ahead is well-illustrated in westerns. Youngladies who wish to succeed may study them each evening on television. The pureand virtuous woman is dull. She is spurned by the marshal, the hero, and other maleswho are worth having. If a woman wishes to be interesting, she must have a past. Tohave fallen at least once usually qualities her. In this factual study of the Western,Robert Warshow writes: “Those women in Western movies who share the hero’sunderstanding of life are prostitutes as they are usually presented, barroomentertainers… ‘fallen’ woman. Such as fallen woman can, of course, understand themarshal, or other interesting men, in ways which the wife cannot. The old Anglo-Saxon belief that chastity is important, or a virtue, seems to have been largelymodified to meet modern television needs. So is the idea that woman should notdrink too much. In popular television programs the woman most admired enjoysdrinking and knows how, The social graces which television shows as desirableseem related to various liquor and tobacco interests, which are important sponsors.Skeptics see the suspicion of a payola type of a relationship. Just as Hollywoodfilms were a powerful force in securing the repeal of prohibition, television andHollywood films mow seem to be providing their effectiveness in establishingdrinking, smoking and several types of cosmetics, hair, and clothing practices asuniformly desirable social graces. How heavily tobacco is promoted on television may come as somesurprise to people who think it is promoted only, or principally, in paid commercialtime. Before smoking by woman was widely accepted, Edgar Dale wrote in TheContent of Pictures. “We note that in 26 of 40 pictures the hero used tobacco insome form; the heroines, in about one third of the pictures. The hero did the majorpart of smoking. The heroine smoked more than either than villain or the villainessand the villainess tied with the children for last rank..” As this is written, TV is onthe verge of beginning to show cigars being smoked by woman – there is, or so the“message” goes, less risk of cancers and none at all of appearing unladylike. What constitutes acceptable romance is also an interesting indication oftelevision values. Smartly dressed girls are, of course, most popular, and most likelyto find romance. The need for spending on clothes, makeup, perfumes and lotions,and hair preparation is demonstrated frequently and in many ways. This, too, isrelated to the large expenditures of sponsors (the somatic interests) in televisionadvertising. Dressing scenes showing various degrees of nudity appeared in 23percent and understanding scenes on 30 percent of the films analyzed in the PayneFund Studies, and still seen on television. Romance appears to be principally apremarital phenomenon, or one experienced with someone else’s husband or wife.The pleasure and joys of married life it self are rarely shown. In fact, marriageappears to dampen romantic and love interest considerably. It is a social conventionstill endured, but with little glamour or enthusiasm. 15

Activity 3 1. Complete the grid below by citing the undesirable values presented by some television programs/advertisements according to the author.UNDESIRABLE VALUES EXPLANATION2. Determine the author’s viewpoint on values promoted by television. Give convincingreasons of the author to support viewpoint.AUTHOR’S VIEWPOINT ON AUTHOR’S REASONSVALUES PROMOTED BY TV 16

Activity 41. React critically to the author’s viewpoint. Give your reasons to support your stand. Plotyour answers in the sun diagram below.My Mother’s MyReasons Viewpoint Reasons My Reaction 2. Choose one television program/advertisement that you think promotes undesirable values. Then, modify this TV commercial/program to promote right values.Activity 5 Two of the widely used propaganda devices in television commercials arebandwagon and testimonial. The bandwagon technique claims that since everybody isbuying their product, you have to join the bandwagon. If you do not buy what they offer,you are not “in” – you are considered as “weird,” outcast or deviate. The technique of using a well-known personality in endorsing a certain product iscalled “testimonial.” It gives the impression that since this personality who is supposed tobe “rich and famous” is using it, the product, therefore, must be good. 17

With your group recall some examples of bandwagon and testimonialseen on TV then, criticize it as to kind of values they foster.Examples of Bandwagon /Testimonials on TV Values as they poster 1. _______________________________ _______________________ 2. _______________________________ _______________________ 3. _______________________________ _______________________ 4. _______________________________ _______________________ etc.______________________________ _______________________Activity 6 Decide on two programs that you would like to study or survey for a week. Theymay be the daily T.V series that you and your family have been watching regularly.Determine the program’s desirable and undesirable values. Plot your entries in theillustration as shown below.Desirable T.V Program Undesirable Desirable Values Values ? T.V Program ? ValuesGrammar One way of showing how sincere and honest you are in letting the truth be knownis to show concern by giving advice or appealing to reason. 18

Activity 1 Say you are asked to recommended a T.V program which promotes the truthand/or desirable values. What will you say. Plot your entries in speech the bubbles.Activity 2 Read the dialog. Answer the questions. 1. In the dialog below, what , commands, appeals, advice does the mother give to her daughter?Mother: Be careful. Do not believe everything that theRiza: commercial says.Mother: But, Mother, my favorite actress is using it. How do you know that she is really using it?Riza: Commercials use actors and actresses to sell theirMother: products because they can attract consumers like you. But, it is not a guarantee that the product is effective. For all you know, your actress may not be using it. Is that so, Mom? Yes, you’d better consult a dermatologist to know what’s best for your pimples. 19

2. What expressions show concern for her daughter? Plot your entries asindicated.Expressions Mother Expressions Showing Riza ShowingConcern ConcernKey Points Here are some expressions that show concern for others. Are you all right? What’s happening to you? Is everything ok? I’m concerned about you. I’m worried about them. I care about what they do. Tell him to take careActivity 3 Read # the dialog again, and answer the following questions. Comprehension Questions: 1. What does the mother explain to her daughter in the dialogs? 2. What expressions are used in the dialogue that show concern? 3. What other expressions are used to show concern for others? 4. How will you quote the exact advice or command of the mother? 5. What kind if sentences are quoted? What the quoted statements in direct speech? 6. How do you transform imperatives into reported speech? 20

Activity 4 Analyze the following sentences: Consider the changes that take place. Answerthe questions below.Direct Speech Indirect Speech1. “Do not believe everything that the 1. Mother advised her not to believecommercial says,” Mother said. everything that the commercial said.2. “Do not use soap that can irritate your 2. Mother cautioned her not to use soapskin,” she said. that could irritate her skin.3. “Consult a dermatologist to know what 3. Mother tells her to consult ais best for your pimples,” mother said dermatologist to know what is best for her pimples.4. “Refrain from eating chocolates and 4. She advises her to refrain from eatingpeanuts.” She says. chocolates and peanuts.  When commands, advice or request are changed from direct to reported speech – 1. What changes takes place in a. the verb introducing the quoted statement? b. punctuation mark like comma and quotation mark? 2. What word is added a. after the changed verb b. to the verb in the quoted statement.Key PointsChanges that take place for commands/requests/advice. 1. The verbs tell, advice, order, requests, caution or command are used in the introductory part. 2. The infinitive (to + verb) is used instead of the imperative form. 3. Warning on what not to do may be worded as follows: Source of warning + warning + address + not to + verb(base form) 4. Tense sequence in the direct speech is observed. 21

Activity 5 Report the following commands/advice using the guidelines discussed. 1. “Take your studies seriously,” his Mom said. 2. “Hold on to your dreams,” Mrs. Cruz said. 3. “Do not forget your parent’s advice,” she reminds Ana. 4. “Be humble if you reap success,” his Mom said. 5. “Forget about your emotional baggage and sentiments,” the teacher said. 6. “Do not be too ambitious,” he stressed. 7. Her friend says, “Visit your loved ones in your hometown.” 8. Fr. John says, “Pray to the Lord for His guidance and blessing.” 9. Annie says , “Enjoy your life.” 10. “Do not get married early, “Father said.Activity 6 Using expressions showing concern. Write a mini dialogue based on any of thefollowing situations. Box the expressions showing concern. 1. A concerned mother/father worries over the low grades of her/his school child. 2. A disturbed senior confides to the guidance counselor that his/her parents have decided to separate. The counselor is deeply concerned.Activity 7 Formulate two imperatives based on the given situation (given). Express theseimperatives in direct speech. Then, transform them into reported commands, requests.Situation:Your classmate was absent from her English class. Your teacher gave your grouppresentation or (role play) about the story she discussed. You want your classmate to be apart of your presentation.LiteratureActivity 1 React as to the truth or falsity of this saying “ Truth is circular and… life goes on in a straight line which is the basic cause of human confusion.” 22

 Express your reactions in a short paragraph clarifying your stand. Do you agree with what the saying implies? Support your contention. Plot your answer in the box shown below.Activity 2 Look up the meaning of the following words in a dictionary. 1. innocent man perish 2. flogged with bamboo canes 3. heat the samovar 4. unjustly condemned 5. wretched man 6. long for vengeance 7. attracted to a troika 8. your blab continuously 9. betray him 10. miserable manActivity 3 Read “God Sees The Truth But Waits” by Leo Tolstoy and answer the questionsafter it. God Sees the Truth, But Waits Leo Tolstoy In the town of Vladimir lived a young merchant named Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov. He had two shops and a house of his own. Aksionov was a handsome, fair-haired, curly headed fellow, full of fun, and very fond of singing. When quite a young man he had been given to drink, and was riotous when he had too much; after he married he gave up drinking, except now and then. One summer Aksionov was going to the Nizhy Fair, and as he bade goodbye tohis family, his wife said to him, “Ivan Dmitrich, do not start today; I have had a baddream about you.” Aksionov laughed, and said, “You are afraid that when I get to the fair I shall goon a spree.” His wife replied, “I do not know what I am afraid of; all know is that I had a bad dream. I dreamt you returned from the town, and when you took off your cap I saw that your hair was quite gray.” Aksionov laughed. “That’s a lucky sign,” said he. “See if I don’t sell out all mygoods, and bring you some presents from the fair. 23

So he said goodbye to his family, and drove away. When he had traveled halfway, he met a merchant whom he knew, and they putup at the same inn for the night. They had some tea together and then went to bed inadjoining rooms. It was Aksionov’s habit to sleep late, wishing to travel while it was still cool. Heroused his driver before dawn, and told him to put in the horses. Then, he made his way across to the landlord of the inn (who lived in a cottage atthe back), paid his bill, and continued his journey. When he had gone about 25 miles, he stopped for the horses to be fed. Aksionov rested awhile in the passage on the inn, then he stepped out into the porch, and ordering a samovar to be heated, got his guitar and began to play. Suddenly, a troika drove up with tinkling bells and an official alighted, followedby two soldiers. He came to Aksionov and began to question him, asking him who he wasand whence he came. Aksionov answered him fully, and said, “Won’t you have some teawuth me?” But the officials went on cross-questioning him and asking him, “Where didyou spend last night? Where you alone, or with a fellow merchant? Did you see themerchant this morning? Why did you leave the inn before dawn?” Aksionov wondered why he was asked all these questions, but he described allthat had happened, and then he added, “Why do you cross-question me as if I were a thiefor a robber? I am a traveling businessman of my own and there is a no need to questionme.” Then, the official, calling the soldiers, said, “I am the police officer of this district,and I question you because the merchant with whom you spent the night had been foundwith his throat cut. We must search your things.” They entered the house. The soldiers and the police officer un strapped Aksionovsluggage and searched it. Suddenly, the officer drew a knife out of the bag, crying,“Whose knife is this?” Aksionov looked, and seeing a blood-stained knife taken from his bag wasfrightened. “How is it there is a blood on this knife?” Aksionov tried to answer, but could hardy utter a word, and only stammered, “I –don’t know – not mine.” Then, the police offer said, “This morning the merchant was found in his bed with 24

his throat cut. You are the only person who could have done it. The house was lockedfrom inside, and no one else was there. Here is this blood-stained knife in your bag, andyour face and manner betray you! Tell me how you killed him, and how much moneyyou stole. Aksionov swore he had not done it; he had not seen the merchant after they hadtea together; he had no money except eight thousand rubles of his own, and the knife wasnot his. But his voice is broken, his face pale, and he trembled with fear as though he wasguilty. The police officer ordered the soldiers to bind Aksionov and to put him onto thecart. As they tied his feet together and flung him into the cart, Aksionov crossed himselfand went. His money and goods were taken from him, and he was sent to the nearesttown and imprisoned there. Inquiries as to his character were made in Vladimir. Themerchants and other inhabitants of the town said that in former days he used to drink andwaste time, but he was a good man. Then, the trial came on: he was charge withmurbering a merchant from Ryazan and robbing him of twenty thousands rubles. His wife was in despair and did not know what to believe. Her children were allquite small, one was a baby at her breast. Taking them all with her, she went to the townwhere her husband was jailed. At first she was not allowed to see him, but after muchbegging, she obtained permission from the officials, and was taken to him. When she sawher husband in prison-dress and in chains, shut up with thieves and criminals, she felldown, and did not come to her senses for a long time. Then she drew her children to her,and sat down near him, she told him of things at home, and asked about what happened tohim. He told her all, and she asked, “What can we do now?” “We must petition the Czar not to let an innocent man perish.” His wife told him that she sent a petition to Czar, but it had not been accepted. Aksionov did not reply, but only looked downcast. Then his wife said, “It is not for nothing I dreamt your hair had turned gray. Youremember? You should not have started out the day.” And passing her fingers through hishair, she said, “Vanya dearest, tell your wife the truth: was it not you who did it?” “So you, too, suspected me!” said Aksionov, and hiding his face in hands, hebegan to weep. Then a soldier came to say that the wife and children must go away; andAksionov should say goodbye to his family for the last time. When they were gone, Aksionov recalled what had been said, and when heremembered that his wife also had suspected him, he said to himself, “It seems that onlyGod can know the truth; it is to Him alone we must appeal, and from Him alone expectmercy.” 25

And Aksionov wrote no more petitions, gave up all hope and only prayed to God. Aksionov was condemned to be flogged and sent to the mines. So he was floggedwith a knout, and when the wounds made by the knout were healed, he was driven toSiberia with convicts. For 26 years Aksionov lived as a convict in Siberia. His hair turned white assnow, and his beard grew long, thin and gray. All his mirth went; he stopped; he walkedaway slowly, spoke little, and he never laughed, but he often prayed. In prison Aksionov learned to make boots, and earned a little money, with whichhe bought “The Lives on the Saints.” He read this book when there was light enough inthe prison; and on Sundays in prison-church he read the lessons and sang in the choir forhis voice was still good. The prison authorities liked Aksionov for is meekness, and his fellow prisonersrespected him; they called him “Grandfather” and “The Saint.” When they wanted topetition the prison authorities about anything, they always made Aksionov theirspokesman, and when there were quarrels among the prisoners they came to him to putthings right, and to judge the matter. No news reached Aksionov from his home, and then he did not even know if hiswife and children were still alive. One day, a fresh gang of convicts came to the prison. In the evening the oldprisoners collected round the new ones and asked them what town or villages they camefrom, and what they were sentenced for. Among the rest Aksionov sat down near thenewcomers, listed with downcast air to what was said. One of the new convicts, at tall, strong man of 60, with a closely cropped graybeard, was telling the others what he had been arrested for. “Well friends,” he said. “I only took a horse that was tied to a sled, and I wasarrested and accused of stealing. I said, I had only taken it to get home quicker, and hadthen let it go; besides the driver was a personal friend of mine. So I said ‘It’s all right.’‘No,’ said they, ‘you stole it.’ But how or where I stole it, they could not say. I once didsomething wrong, and ought by rights to have come here a long time ago, but that time, Iwas not found out. Now, I have been sent here for nothing at all… Eh, but it’s lies. I’mtelling you; I’ve been to Siberia before, but I did bit stay long.” “Where are you from?” asked someone “From Vladimir. My family are of that town. My name is Makar, and they alsocall me Semyonich.” 26

Aksionov raised his hand and said: “tell me Semyonich, do you know anythingabot the family of a merchant Aksionov of Vladimir? Are they still alive?” “Know them? Of course I do. The Aksionovs are rich, though their fatheris in Siberia, a sinner like ourselves, it seems! As for you gran’dad, how did you comehere?” Aksionovs did not like to speak of his misfortunes. he only sighed, and said, “Formy sins, I have been in prison for 26 years.” “What sins?” asked Makar Semyonich. But Aksionovs said, “well, well – must have deserved it!” he would have saidmore, but his companions told the newcomers how Aksionovs came to be in Siberia; howsomeone had killed a merchant, and put the knife among Aksionov’s things, andAksionovs had been unjustly condemned. When Makar Semyonich heard this, he looked at Aksionov, slapped his ownknee, and exclaimed, “Well, this is wonderful! Really wonderful! But how you’ve growngran’dad!” The other asked him why he was so surprised, and where he had seen Aksionovbefore; but Makar Semyonich did not reply. He only said, “It’s wonderful that we shouldmeet here, lads!” These words made Aksionovs wonder whether this man knew who had killed themerchant, so he said, “Perhaps, Semyonich, you have heard of that affair, or maybeyou’ve seen me before?” “How could I help hearing? The world’s full of rumors. But it’s a long time ago,and I’ve forgotten what I heard.” “Perhaps you heard who killed the merchant?” asked Aksionov. Makar Semyonich laughed and replied, ‘It must have been him in whose bag theknife was found! If someone else hid the knife there, “He’s not a thief till he’s caught,’ asthe saying goes. How could anyone put a knife into your bag while it was under yourhead? It would surely have woke you up.” When Aksionov heard those words, he felt sure this was the man who had killedthe merchant. He rose and went away. All that night Aksionov was awake. He feltterribly unhappy, and all sorts of images rose in his mind. There was the image of hiswife as she was when she parted from her to go to the fair. He saw her as if she werepresent; her face and eyes rose before him; he heard her speak and laugh. Then, he sawhis children quite little, as they were at the time; one with a little cloak on, another at his 27