English VI

Review Time When you were in Grade V, you have learned about the kinds of sentencesaccording to structure: the simple, the compound and the complex sentences. However, we shall first find out how well you have mastered the skill ofidentifying these kinds of sentences. You only have to answer a five-item test now. Are you ready? Do this in your notebook. Identify the kind of sentence by writing simple, if it is a simple sentence,compound, if it is a compound sentence and complex, if it is a complex sentence. 1. Martin had always wanted a dog of his own. 2. His father and mother would never allow him to have one. 3. He has been crippled because of a bicycle accident. 4. He had been strapped in a wheelchair for four years now, but he still has the use of his arms. 5. His parents would like to grant his wish, but Martin could not simply care for a dog by himself.Check your work using the Key to Corrections found at the end of themodule.You must have done quite well.However, we are going to strengthen your skill in identifying complexsentences, the dependent or subordinate clause and the independentclause.Let us have a discussion in our Study Time. 2

Study TimeRead this news item taken from the Philippine Star, April 20, 2005.VATICAN CITY (AP) – When the new pope was elected, bells chimed at St. Peter’sBasilica. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, who chose the name Pope Benedict XVI,was elected Tuesday evening. It was the first Roman Catholic meeting of the newmillennium where 115 cardinals from all over the world met to choose a successor toPope John Paul II, who died last April 2. Ratzinger emerged onto the balcony where he waved to a wildly cheering crowdof tens of thousands. He then gave his first blessing as pope. Other cardinals, whowere clad in their crimson robes came out on other balconies to watch. In the conservative Alpine foothills of Bavaria where he grew up, he remains afavorite son who many think will make a good pope. Who is the subject of the news article? Yes, you are right. The subject of the news article is Pope Benedict XVI. What is the news article about? Good. The news article is about Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger’s election as the new pope. Where did the event take place? Yes, it happened at St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City. Let us take a closer look. What have you learned about a simple sentence and a compound sentence? You have learned that a simple sentence has one subject and one predicate, either or both of which may be compound. 3

The big day arrived early. Both Mom and Daw saw the accident and reported it. You also learned that two or more simple sentences may be joined to make acompound sentence. Read the sentences below. 1. When the new pope was elected, bells chimed at St. Peter’s Basilica. 2. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, who chose the name Pope Benedict XVI, was elected Tuesday evening. Each part of a compound sentence is an independent clause. An independentclause does not modify anything else in the sentence, nor does it depend on therest of the sentence for its meaning. To whom does who refer? Who refers to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany. Would you say that who chose the name Pope Benedict XVI a clause? Why? Yes, it is a clause because it is a group of words with its own subject and a verb. But can it stand alone? Does it express a complete meaning? No, it cannot stand alone. No, it does not express a complete meaning. Since this clause depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning, it iscalled dependent or subordinate clause. Each sentence has two clauses. And surely one is an independent clause. What is the independent clause in the first sentence? What can you say about the underlined part? bells chimed at St. Peter’s Basilica Does it also have a subject and a predicate? Yes, it does. What is the subject and the predicate? Who is the subject; chose is the predicate 4

In addition, this clause also modifies another word in the sentence. We went to the mall yesterday, but we did not buy anything. In the sentence above, two independent clauses joined by but are: 1. We went to the mall yesterday. 2. We did not buy anything. Does each clause express a complete thought? Each clause is itself a complete thought Point out the independent clauses in the following sentences. 1. Rain clouds gathered and lightning lit up the sky. 2. They may have stopped to eat, or they may be lost. If you have pointed out the clauses written below as independent clauses then you are ready to learn the other type of clause. 1. Rain clouds gathered. 2. Lightning lit up the sky. 3. They may have stopped to eat. 4. They may be lost. Now, study the sentences below. Notice the underlined words. 1. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, who chose the name Pope Benedict XVI, was elected Tuesday evening. 2. When the new pope was elected, bells chimed at St. Peter’s Basilica. 3. Ratzinger emerged onto the balcony where he waved to a wildly cheering crowd of tens of thousands. As shown below by the arrows, what word does the dependent clause modifyin the first sentence? second sentence? third sentence? 1. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, who chose the name Pope Benedict XVI, was elected Tuesday evening. The dependent clause modifies Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. 2. When the new pope was elected, bells chimed at St. Peter’s Basilica. 5

The dependent clause modifies chimed 2. Ratzinger emerged onto the balcony where he waved to a wildly cheering crowd of tens of thousands. The dependent clause modifies balcony. Each sentence above is called complex sentence. What clauses make up this kind of sentence? A complex sentence is made up of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Study more complex sentences below. Find out how the dependent clauses areused in the sentences. 1. Adjective Clauses I finished reading the book that you loaned me. We gave the stray kitten which we found a hearty meal. Anyone who comes in will be fed. 2. Adverb Clauses When it is raining, you should bring an umbrella. Marilen seemed happy wherever she was. Driving a car if you do not have a license is illegal. We decided to keep quiet so that we could hear our teacher well. What words begin each adverb clause? 6

Words like when, wherever, if, and so that introduce clauses and connectthem to the main clause. They are called subordinating conjunctions.Here is a list of some common subordinating conjunctions.after as long as if thoughalthough because since unlessas before so that untilas if even though than whenwhenever where wherever while KEY POINTS A complex sentence consists of one independent clause or one or more dependent or subordinate clauses. A clause is a group of words with its own subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand by itself as a complete sentence. A subordinate or dependent clause although it has a subject and a verb, cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence; it can only be part of a sentence.Let us now build your understanding and skills. 7

Practice TimeA. STARTER Write the answers to all the exercises in your notebook. a. Choose the dependent clauses. 1. The boy set off down the road until he came to the market. 2. When the people found out he was an ex-convict, they avoided him. 3. Though she was good and lovely, she had one strange habit. 4. The men who mine gold near the stream are very poor people. 5. Children run whenever they saw the hunchback. 6. The couple stayed at the lake until the break of dawn. 7. As long as he needs me, I will help him. 8. The man whose playing you admired is an internationally famous violinist. 9. I made whoever was hungry a sandwich. 10. We came when she called. b. Choose the appropriate subordinating conjunction for each sentence. 1. Kublai Khan, the Chinese emperor was richer (than, that) any European king. 2. New roads, canals and cities were built (so that, because) people could travel easily and safely. 3. (When, Where) his mother dies, he was barely five years old. 4. (Before, After) years of war, most people would want to live quietly. 5. The composer still has to decide (which, whom) instruments should be playing at one time. 6. The flight was delayed (because, on account of) the wind was so strong. 7. It looks (that, as if) it is going to rain. 8. (Since, While) she cannot come over, we’ll just have to go to her place. 9. The firemen left the place (before, after) the fire was totally put out. 10. (Although, Because) the sun was hot, the farmers continued to work.Check your work using the Key to Corrections 8

How well did you do?Good work!You are going to work on another exercise to enhance the skill you have just learned.B. REINFORCER Now that you can differentiate a dependent clause from an independent clause and the use of subordinating conjunctions, let us try if you can now make a complex sentence. You are not going to write a complete sentence. You are going to complete the sentence by adding clauses to make it more meaningful. Do the exercise in your notebook. You need the guidance of your teacher in doing this. Example: The children continued to go to school. though they had to walk for a mile or so. 1. We will make our projects if ____________________. 2. Mang Imon has been our tenant since ___________________. 3. Unless ____________________, the strikers will not stop. 4. Working until __________________, the laundry woman became arthritic. 5. My father has to work for hours because __________________. 6. Will we ever sing as well as __________________? 7. Leaves use sunlight to make food for the plant so ________________. 8. No one has ever seen the ozone layer because ________________. 9. The field which ___________________. 10. The trouble with learning English is that __________________.Were you able to complete the sentences?Very well.Now, you are ready to find out if you have mastered the skill. 9

Test Yourself Identify the dependent/subordinate clause and the independent clause. Write the answers in your notebook using two columns: one for dependent clauseand another for independent clause. 1. When something that causes diseases goes into the body, the immune system goes to work. 2. Nobody knows why some people’s bodies fight harmless things. 3. The thicker ozone blanket keeps out the sunlight, so the weather becomes cooler. 4. Astronomers who study stars and planets are very curious about sunspots. 5. Long ago because the earth was so cold, the glaciers didn’t melt.Check your work using the Key to Corrections below.Sure you did well!The final activity will allow you to express yourself as well as your ideas. 10

WRAPPING UP Imagine/Pretend that this is your picture. You are now going to write a paragraph describing yourself in five to seven (5 – 7) sentences using complex sentences. You need an adult to check your work. 11

Key to CorrectionsREVIEW TIME1. simple2. simple3. complex4. compound5. compoundSTARTERa. 1. until he came to the market 2. When the people found out he was an ex-convict 3. Though she was good and lovely 4. who mine gold near the stream 5. whenever they saw the hunchback 6. until the break of dawn 7. As long as he needs me 8. whose playing you admired 9. whoever was hungry 10. when she calledb. 1. than 2. so that 3. when 4. after 5. which 6. because 7. as if 8. since 9. after 10. although 12

TEST YOURSELFIndependent Clause Dependent Clause1. When something goes into the body, 1. that causes diseasesthe immune system goes to work2. Nobody knows 2. why some people’s bodies fight harmless things3. The thicker ozone blanket keeps out 3. so the weather becomes coolerthe sunlight4. Astronomers are very curious about 4. who study stars and planetssunspots5. Long ago, the glaciers didn’t melt 5. because the earth was cold Rating Scale10 Outstanding9 Very Satisfactory7 - 8 Satisfactory5 - 6 Fairly Satisfactory3 - 4 Fair1 - 2 Needs Improvement5 Outstanding4 Very Satisfactory3 Satisfactory2 Fairly Satisfactory1 Fair0 Needs Improvement 13

GRADE VI USING THE PLURAL FORMS OF COMPOUND NOUNSGETTING STARTED In your previous grades your previous grades you have learned all about NOUNS In this module, you will further understand the different forms of nouns This module will help you learn how to use the plural forms of compound nouns. There are a lot of interesting exercises in this module. Enjoy answering them. Good luck! 1

Review TimeDo you still remember what compound nouns are and how they are formed? Tryanswering these review exercises. Do this in your notebook.A. What words can be derived from the following compound nouns?1. airplane _________________ _________________2. blackboard _________________ _________________3. teaspoon _________________ _________________4. bookcase _________________ _________________5. railroad _________________ _________________6. bridegroom _________________ _________________7. policeman _________________ _________________8. baseball _________________ _________________9. father-in-law _________________ _________________10. editor-in-chief _________________ _________________B. Pick out the important word in each compound noun. ex. firefly answer: fly1. railroad2. baseball3. teaspoon4. blackboard5. sunset Try to rewrite each sentence. Use the underlined words to form a compound word. 1. Darlene always awoke at the light of day. 2. At each break of day she heard a familiar sound. 3. It was a bird who chirped “ hello” at the rise of the sun. For sure you already know a lot about nouns. Some nouns are called singular nounsbecause they denote only one thing, person, place, etc. Other nouns are considered plural innumber because they refer to more than one thing. the same is true with compound nouns. 2

Study these:A. One-word Compound Nouns Singular Plural1. Blackboard - blackboards2. Bookshelf - bookshelvesB. Two-word Compound Nouns Singular Plural1. baby sitter - baby sitters2. study hall - study hallsC. Hyphenated Compound NounsSingular Plural1. passer-by - passers-by2. brother-in-law - brothers-in-lawRemember: 1. In forming the plural of compound nouns, make the most important word plural except for one-word compound nouns which always take reference to the last word in forming their plural. 2. Follow the rules in forming the plural of nouns. Ex. Most nouns ending in f form their plural by changing f to v and adding – es. Ex.-bookshelf/bookshelves 3

Study Time Many word are made by putting two smaller words together. These two words written asone word is called a compound word. Some compound words are easy to figure out. An example is the word cookbook, fromthe two smaller words cook and book. It means a book for cooking. cook + book = cookbook However, some compound nouns such as launching pad are written as separate words.Although these compounds are written as two words, they are used together as a unit. Somecompounds such as brother-in-law, are written with a hyphen (-) or hyphens to connect thewords.What two words make up each compound word? Write these in your notebook.1. gunpoint __________ and __________2. highway __________ and __________3. motorcycle __________ and __________4. plainclothes __________ and __________Study carefully statement A and B. Take note of what happens to the underlined word. How is itchanged to a compound word?A. Darlene was always asleep by the middle of the night.B. Darlene was always asleep by midnight. 4

PRACTICE TIMEA. Copy the following sentences in your notebook and underline the compound nouns. 1. You have a letter from your pen pal in Manila. 2. Did you read today’s newspaper headline? 3. Please get the chicken from the microwave oven. 4. Left over foods are to be disposed properly. 5. There was heavy rainfall last night. 6. I love to eat ice cream. 7. My sister bought a blue handbag. 8. The coach planned the team’s move during the time-out. 9. The editor-in-chief of our school paper called for a short meeting. 10. One teaspoon of vitamin c is enough for a day. B. Rewrite each sentence by changing the underlined words into a compound word. 1. Darlene’s feathered friend sometimes greeted her at the middle of the day. 2. But at the setting of the sun, the bird was seldom seen. 3. Darlene thought that by the fall of night the bird was too tired to chirp. 4. Besides, it was time for dinner for both of them. C. Write compound nouns by supplying the missing word in each item. Each compound word names something that might be found in school. Choose your answer from the WORLD BANK. Do this in your notebook. WORD BANK • ground • door • seat • knob • arm • work • block • shelves • room • pencil1. ________ board 6. comfort ________2. door ________ 7. play ________3. book ________ 8. ________4. ________ 9. ________ mat5. board chair 10. ________ case ________ work 5

D. Pick out the compound nouns and form their plural. Write the answers in your notebook.1. Provincial travel now is fast and convenient via the Northern expressway.2. A flyover helps prevent traffic jams.3. We can file our complaints at the police headquarter.4. The officer-in charge will entertain your complaints.5. The field trip gives the pupils first-hand experience.E. Give the plural form of the following compound nouns. Write the answers in your notebook.Singular compound nouns Plural compound form1. eggshell2. tree house3. aide-de-camp4. ashtray5. godfather6. lampshade7. passer-by8. firefighter9. beauty queen10. service charge Take some more tests to make sure that you have mastered the skill. Do the activities thatfollow. 6

Test YourselfA. Match the nouns in column A with these in column B to form a compound noun. Do all these activities in your notebook. AB 1. bee a. paper 2. sun b. hopper 3. week c. end 4. day d. print 5. work e. book 6. foot f. burn 7. news g. hive 8. dish h. break 9. earth i. quake 10. grass j. washerB. Go back to the exercise in Activity B of Practice Time. Use the words in to write a paragraph using compound nouns. Use at least eight words. Provide a title for your paragraph.C. Form the plural of each compound noun below.1. godmother2. sound effect3. lighthouse4. mother-in-law5. waterfall6. sunflower7. sleepwalker8. cupful9. book case10. cook book 7

D. Pick out the correct plural form of each compound noun.1. iceberg icebergs icesbergs2. fireman firemans firemen3. commander-in-chief commander-in-chiefs commanders-in-chief4. spoonful spoonsful spoonfuls5. classroom classrooms classesroomVery good! You’re doing a good job.Continue on learning.Be ready for the next module. 8

GRADE VI USING NOUNS PLURAL IN FORM BUT SINGULAR IN MEANINGGETTING STARTED You have learned in your previous grades the plural form of nouns. You may have already encountered the different ways by which a noun is changed to its plural form. But have you heard about nouns that are plural in form but actually singular in meaning? You will learn about these nouns in this module. Are you excited? Before you get started answer the review test first. Good luck! 1

Review TimeExercise 1 Read the poem below and fill in the blanks with the correct plural form ofthe noun to complete the idea. OUR FUNNY LANGUAGE We’ll begin with box, the plural is (1) __________. But the plural of ox should be (2) __________, not oxes One fowl is a goose, but two are called (3) __________. Yet the plural of mouse is never meese. You may find a lone mouse, or a whole nest of (4) __________. But the plural of house is (5) __________, not hice. If the plural of man is always (6) __________, Why shouldn’t the plural of pan be called pen? The cow in the plural may be called (7) __________ or kine. But a bow, if repeated, is never called bine, And the plural of vow is (8) __________, not vine. If I speak of a foot and you would show me two (9) __________, And if I give you a boot, would a pair be called beet? If one is a tooth and a whole set are (10) __________, Why shouldn’t the plural of booth be called beeth? If the singular’s this and the plural (11) __________, should the plural of kiss ever be written keese? We speak of a brother, and also of brethren, But though we say mother, we never say methren. The the masculine pronouns are he, his and him, But imagine the feminine she, shis, and shim. So the English Language I think, you all will agree, Is the funniest language you ever did see. Source: Building Bridges through Communication 5 pp. 74 - 75 2

Study Time Read the paragraph below and notice the underlined nouns. What verbs are foundafter each noun? Philippines is a very interesting county with a lot of interesting people who venture in different activities. Most Filipinos love to sing while others enjoy the world of Athletics. But some of the hottest news in our country involves politics. Civics and Culture is one subject which becomes a part of Filipino’s favorite topic in small talks. But as for me, as a sixth grade student, Mathematics helps me in a lot of way. Read the underlined nouns once more. 1. Philippines 2. Athletics 3. news 4. politics 5. Civics 6. Mathematics a. What did you notice in all the words? b. In what letter do they end? c. Since they all end in –s, are they considered plural? Why? Take a look at the sentences where the words are used. Read them. Take note of verbs. 1. Philippines is a very interesting country 2. Some of the hottest news in our country involves politics. 3. Civics and Culture is one subject which becomes a part of Filipinos favorite topic in small talks. 4. Mathematics helps me in a lot of ways. 3

a. Study each sentence, what verb is used after the underlined nouns? Is it singular or plural? → Philippines is → news involves → Civics is → Mathematics helps b. What do we call nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning? (Special Nouns) You learned that plural nouns usually end in –s or –es. The nouns civics and news are only two of the few nouns that are plural in form (-s/- es form) but singular in meaning.) The verbs after Philippines (is), news (involves), civics (is) and Mathematics(helps) are in the present tense and singular in number. REMEMBER: Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning. They agree with the –s or –es form of verbs as verbs in the present tense, singular in number. 4

Here are some more nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning or specialnouns. SPECIAL NOUNS • acrobatics • ethics • physics • economics • aeronautics • measles • politics • news • athletics • mumps • tonsillitis • dramatics • billiards • Mathematics • calisthenics • electronics • civics • Philippines • United States Practice TimeActivity A Pick out the nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning. Make a listin your notebook.ceramics civics Hundred Islandsthanks meningitis housestricks Bahamas kisseschess eyeglasses machinesActivity B Choose the correct verb form that agrees with the subject noun. 1. Mumps (is, are) a contagious disease. It (has, have) spread in our school. 5

2. Measles (is, are) a common illness among seven-year old children and below. 3. Economics (is, are) Alfred’s best-liked subject. 4. The Netherlands (is, are) having a serious problem on population. 5. A series of lecture and demonstration on waste management (is, are) the top project of the Science Adventurers Club.After doing the practice exercises, it’s now your turn to test yourself. How far haveyou mastered the skill? Test YourselfI. Choose the correct verb form that will agree with your subject. Write down your answer in your notebook. 1. Aeronautics (interest, interests) my brother a lot. 2. Politics also (take, takes) much of his time. 3. (Do, Does) Physics deal with natural phenomenon like motion, force, light, sound electricity? 4. Civics (deal, deals) with good citizenship. 5. The United States (is, are) one of the richest countries in the world.II. Answer the cross word puzzle with the help of the clues next page. 1 42 3 5 6

Down 1. Our teacher in Home __________ taught us how to cook “Sinigang”. 2. __________ can cause fever. It is the inflammation of the tonsil. 3. Efren “Bata” Reyes is a __________ champion. Across 4. When FPJ entered __________ and aspired to be the country’s President, he encountered a lot of intrigues and issues on his citizenship. 5. In Physical Education, __________ is my favorite because it helps me stretch my muscles and bones.Good work kid. Congratulations! You have done well in this module. Be ready forthe next one. 7

Review Time KEY TO CORRECTIONS 1. boxes 7. cows 2. oxen 8. vows 3. geese 9. feet 4. mice 10. teeth 5. men 11. thesePractice Time II. 1. Economics 2. TonsilitisActivity A 3. Billiards 4. Politics 1. ceramics 5. gymnastics 2. civics 3. meningitis 4. chess 5. BahamasActivity B 1. is, has 2. is 3. is 4. is 5. isTest YourselfI. 1. interest 2. takes 3. Does 4. deals 5. is 8

__________ GRADE VI RETELLING A SELECTION HEARD (PUPIL’S MODULE) GETTING STARTED Do you realize that we spend a great part of our waking hours talking? You have much to say when you are with a member of your family orfriends, but you become tongue-tied and uneasy when you are asked to retell infront of the class a story you have heard. In this module you will learn to retell a selection you have heard. Let’s get started. Enjoy learning. 1

__________ Study TimeA. Complete this semantic web by answering the questions below. mouth 1. What are found inside the mouth? 2. What do teeth do for the body? 3. What does the tongue do for the body? Our story will center on the tongue and teeth which are found inside the mouth. Can you guess what they are? You have to learn some new words first. Sometimes we learn the meaning of words by the way they are used in a sentence. Choose the right meaning of the underlined words in each sentence. Write the correct letter of the answer in your notebook. 1. The fallen leaves will decay and become fertilizer in a week. a. rot b. melt c. scatter 2. Delia obeyed her father reluctantly. She wanted to do something else a. immediately b. unwillingly c. gladly 2

__________3. Dario felt rejected by his friends. He thought they didn’t like him. a. loved b. unwanted c. liked4. Ping giggled when she saw something funny. a. laughed b. frowned c. shouted5. One of my molars was extracted yesterday by the dentist because it’s already decayed. a. replaced b. treated c. pulled out6. We need to apologize when we have wronged somebody. a. announce b. antagonize c. ask for forgiveness7. She was irritated by her father’s command. a. disturbed b. displeased c. surprised8. Eventually our teeth will fall off when we get old. a. loosen and drop b. decrease in quantity c. decay9. My youngest sister has been the apple of my father’s eye. a. my father’s favorite b. my father’s only daughter c. the family’s youngest child10. Delia’s father says, “Sorry, I can’t buy you an extra pair of rubber shoes. I’m broke”. a. Delia’s father broke his arm. b. He has no money. c. He has an extra pair of shoes. 3

__________Now you are ready to listen to our story.(Teacher reads the story)Let us recall some story details.Answer the questions that follow. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.1. What did Delia do with the money given by her father? a. She bought candies. b. She gave it to her friend. c. She bought her favorite desert.2. After Deli’s aunt and cousin were introduced to where did Deli take her cousin. a. to the garden b. to the backyard c. to the bedroom3. What did Tatay demand Delia to give Auring? a. ripe mango b. sweet corn c. sweetened banana4. How did Delia feel after giving Auring the dulce? a. irritated b. happy c. sad5. What did Delia do before Nanay called her? a. She played with Auring. b. She asked for money again. c. She stayed in her room.6. How did Nanay teach Delia to be unselfish? a. By teaching her how to be nice b. By scolding her c. By telling her story with a lesson7. Finally, what did Delia do when she realized her bad act? a. She apologized for her behavior. b. She cried loudly. c. She felt happy. 4

__________8-10 how would you describe Delia? Her father? Her mother?8. Delia a. industrious b. selfish c. proud9. Father a. greedy b. loving c. happy10. Mother a. thoughtful b. hardworking c. patientDo you think you can retell the story? Remembering the essence of what was heard is important. One can easily retell astory by recalling story characters, the setting, events and connecting them withsupporting details through the use of a story map.Let us try now to recall the different elements of the story by filling up the story mapbelow. Choose from the given choices in the box below.Major characters Delia Learns a Lesson Minor characters From the teeth and the Tongue Setting Character Plot or events in the story 1st event 2nd event 3rd event 4th event 5th event 6th event 7th event 5

__________ Tatay, Nanay, Delia Tiya Mercy, Auring One day at home Tatay asked Delia to share her sweetened banana with Auring. Tatay gave Delia money to buy sweetened banana. Delia reluctantly obeyed her father. Nanay told her Delia a story to teach her a lesson. Tiya Mercy and Auring came for a visit. Tatay denied Delia’s request to buy more banana after giving Auring her banana. Delia felt sorry and promised to apologize to Tatay. Practice Time Do you know the Filipino song about the Pasig River? The song gives the message thatthe river used to be clean and abundant with fish. But because the people threw their wastematerials onto it, the river became what it is now/smell and filthy. What can we do about it? Your teacher will read to you a story “Let’s Save Our Seas”. Create your own story map. Be able to retell the story to your classmates. Listen very carefully. 6

__________ Test Yourself This selection is an old tale from Hungary. In this story, an honest man find trouble withthe greedy innkeeper. Notice how we react until help comes from an unexpected direction. Listen to your teacher as she reads the story “Defending a Poor Man”. Make your own story maps based on the story heard and then be able to retell the story infront of your classmates. 7

GRADE VI RETELLING A SELECTION HEARD (Teacher’s Module) Note: These selections are for the teacher to be read before the class. DELIA LEARNS A LESSON FROM THE TEETH AND THE TONGUE Delia loves sweetened banana more than anything else. She asks. “Tatay, could I have some money to buy my favorite dessert?” she told her father. “OK, here’s your money.”, father said. Delia put her arms around her father’s neck, kissed him, and put her open palm in front ofher Tatay. She got what she wanted eventually. While enjoying her dulce, she went back home to find some visitors. The older one looked like her Nanay and the little girl was of the same age as Delia herself. 1

“Delia, dear, she is your Tiya Mercy and this pretty girl is your cousin, Auring. Do youstill remember when we went to their house in Cebu? It was Auring’s Birthday. We had a greattime then.” Delia kissed the hand of her Tiya Mercy and invited Auring to see her sampaguitaplant in the backyard. “Share your sweetened banana with your cousin Auring. Now run along,” said Tatay. “Tatay, there’s only one left,” argued Delia. “If so, give it to her,” commanded her father. “But Tatay, it’s mine,” complained Delia. “Do as I say”. Her Tatay said angrily. “I don’t want you to be greedy or selfish.” Delia gave the sweets to Auring reluctantly. She asked for money again from her Tatay but was denied. Tatay did not like how hisdaughter behaved. Nanay saw how Tatay rejected Delia’s request to buy more sweetened banana. Shecalled her aside and told her a simple story. “Delia, what can you find in your mouth?” Nanay asked. “My teeth.” “Anything more?” “My tongue,” answered Delia. “When you ate your dulce which got the sweet?” “My teeth,” replied Delia. “What did the tongue do?” “It helped the teeth keep the sweets in the right place.” “Do you think you could chew without your tongue?” Nanay asked. “Maybe not.” “Do you sometimes bite your tongue?” 2

“Unfortunately, yes. In fact, quite often.” “On the other hand, does the tongue ever cause the teeth pain?” Delia shook her head in disagreement. “Let’s see what happens to the teeth and the tongue when one gets old. Think of LoloBenito. How many teeth are left in his gums?” Delia giggled. “There are three up and two down. One is even set to be extracted.” “You’re right,” Nanay agreed. “Sooner or later they will be all gone because they decayand fall off. What about his tongue”? Does it show any sign of decay?” “No. It looks all right to me,” Delia replied. “What you like to be, the teeth or the tongue? If you’re selfish and thoughtless, andgreedy, your heart will decay as a bad tooth does. As you grow older, your sweetness andbrightness will disappear quickly. But if you are caring, generous, gentle and you endure whatsometimes is hurting, you will stay strong, healthy and good, like the tongue,” Nanay explained. “I am very sorry, Nanay. I’m so ashamed of myself. I have to apologize to Tatay for theway I acted a while ago, “Delia admitted. “Always remember the tooth and the tongue whenever you feel a little selfish anduncaring,” Nanay finally said. LET’S SAVE OUR SEAS Rico and his family went on a picnic to a resort near the sea in their province. Theybrought a picnic basket, two water jugs, and a big plastic native woven mat with them. Mother and Nena prepared the food for everybody. They fried three big bangus, cookedrice and a vegetable dish, sweetened a bunch of bananas, cook a casserole of rice and filled up ajug with drinking water. In addition, they prepared pickled green mango. Meanwhile, Rico and his father checked on the jeepney. They cleaned, oiled, andrefueled it. They also made sure that the tires were ready for a long trip. And they prepared theirfishing rod and other fishing paraphernalia as well. It took the family two hours to reach the seashore because of the heavy traffic along thehighway. “At last we’re here,” sighed Rico. 3

“Inay, why did you choose this place for our picnic?” Nena asked. “It was your father who suggested this place,” answered the Mother. “Itay, why this place? There are other resorts around,” asked Nena curiously. “Well, I believe this is the best place to relax in and have fun together,” replied Father. “Do you agree with your father?” Mother asked the children. “Yes, Inay,” Rico and Nena answered in chorus. “Now, let’s unload our things,” Mother said. Each one picked what he/she could carry. They chose a spot under a tree and spread theirmat. They placed the picnic basket in one corner. Father and Rico went to the seashore andstarted setting up their fishing tools. “Itay, you were right in choosing this place. It’s beautiful here. The air is fresh, thewater is clear and serene, and the place is peaceful,” remarked Rico. “I could not think of any place so close to the Creator than this,” replied the father. “Look, there is plenty of fish in the water!” exclaimed Rico. “Can we catch all of them?” “Oh, no! we should keep only the right size and throw back the small ones,” explainedthe father. “Why is it so? I have seen small fish being sold in the market,” Rico asked, lookingpuzzled. “Some fish are naturally small. They may look undersized but are already full grown.The small ones I want you to throw back into the water are those which can still grow bigger.” “How about a fish that has a big stomach and that looks pregnant?” asked Rico. “Well, if it is really heavy with eggs, the more we should return it to the water. The eggsin the stomach mean more fish,” Father said. “But why do fishermen catch even the big fish heavy with eggs? asked Rico “They want to have a big catch and make quick money,” the father replied. “What about dynamite fishing, father?” asked Rico? 4

“It is very destructive. It could kill not only the fish but the other living thingsunderwater as well. It is even dangerous to the fishermen themselves.” “What does the government do about it?” “They apprehend the fishermen who are using dynamite or any other explosives.” “I’m happy to hear that for the sake of our generation and the next to come. At least, wecan still enjoy the abundance of our seas and oceans long morbid,” Rico said gladly. “You must do your part, too, in conserving our waters; otherwise, the future generationswill never enjoy these wealth from our seas,” reminded Father. “Lunch is ready,” they heard Mother calling. Rico and his father went to joined Mother and Nena. After eating, Rico helped Nena clean up all the mess. Nena gathered the garbage andwent near the sea to throw it. Rico ran to stop her, saying, “You mustn’t throw waste into the water.” “Why?” asked Nena. “Don’t you see that it will make the water dirty? If it becomes dirty, the living this in itwill be adversely affected. And worse, red tide will surface and contaminate the shellfish.” “Really? What is red tide?” “Red tide develops when the water is polluted. It is the episodic appearance of a reddishdiscoloration in coastal waters because of the proliferation of certain minute, toxic protozoans,”explained Rico. “Now, I understand. Thank you for telling me all these. I will tell my friends about this.Let’s all save our rivers and seas,” encouraged Nena. DEFENDING A POOR MAN Janos Kadar, a Hungarian, was a hardworking fellow. He worked till the wee hour of thenight. Soon he was able to pay off all his debts and still had enough money left to livecomfortably for the rest of his life. So one beautiful sunny day, Janos went to see and repay theinnkeeper who had helped him when he was penniless and starving. How surprised the innkeeper was when he saw Janos. “Hello. Fifteen years ago yougave me three boiled eggs when I was very poor and hungry. I came back to reward you for yourkindness by paying for those eggs a hundredfold!” 5

Unfortunately, the generous innkeeper has changed. He became greedy after fifteenyears. He figures out what happened if the three eggs had hatched into little chickens, and ifthose chickens had grown up and hatched more chickens, and so on. Finally, he greedilyconcluded that Janos must give him everything he had, including his savings. Janos was surprised with how his kind gesture was met with by such unimaginablegreedy demands. The story of his predicament spread like fire throughout the land. The King ofHungary heard the story and volunteered to sit in the jury. Janos became more and more upset as the time drew near for him and the innkeeper toface the King in court. Soon his hard-earned savings would disappear like a bubble for hepresumed that the King would decide in favor of the crafty innkeeper. A week before the final day, while he was thinking about his misfortune, a gypsy cameby, “Why are you wearing a long face, good man?” he asked cheerfully. Janos told himeverything. “Don’t you worry. I’ll present the case to the King and you’ll surely win. Youshould know how clever gypsies are.” Janos accepted the offer even if he had little hope thatanyone could really help him. On the day of the trial, Janos was looking for the gypsy in the chamber. He was nowhereto be found. After sitting and waiting for a long time, the King grew impatient.” Janos Kadar, hesaid “prepare to give all that which the innkeeper is asking for if your representative doesn’tappear in thirty seconds…” Just in time the gypsy came bursting through the door. “Your Majesty, I apologize forbeing late. You see, I was boiling corn at home trying to turn it into more corns.” Everyone in the chamber roared in laughter. “How silly you are! How can you make from boiled corn?” asked the King. The gypsy grinned and said, “Well, Your Majesty, how can you hatch chicks from boiledeggs?” The King stared at the gypsy thoughtfully. “I thick you’re right. The boiled eggs couldnot hatch into chicks anymore.” Finally, he said, “Janos, you have to pay only for the eggs youate.” How thankful Janos was to the King and most especially to the gypsy traveler. As for theinnkeeper, there was no more reward – just a few cents for his boiled eggs. Adapted 6

GRADE VI USING THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES GETTING STARTED Do you still remember what an adjective is? I’m sure you do. In this module you will learn to: • Use the degrees of comparison of irregular adjectives There will be exercises for you to work on. Start now and good luck. 1F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

Review Time Rainier is an active boy scout. He has always been a camping enthusiast. He loves to join jamborees held in various parts of the country. He dares to join jamborees held in various parts of the country. He dares to join an international jamboree. From the cool calm City of the Pines, he writes home to his mother. International Jamboree Camp Baguio City April 5, 1981 Dear Mom, I am having the most rewarding experience of my life. I have been to several beautiful places – to the stately cathedral of Baguio, the clean Camp John Hay, sleepy Trinidad Valley and the crowded markets with fresh fruits and vegetables. The campers get to celebrate each country’s unique customs. This special day was a big hit with all the campers. We have only three days to go. I miss my favorite shows on television. Say “hello” to JayAnne, my beautiful sister. I will see you soon. Love, Rainier 2F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

What kind of a jamboree is Rainier attending?(It was an international boy scout jamboree)He described the places he has been to.What do we call these descriptive words?(They are called adjectives.)Complete the chart below by supplying the appropriate descriptive words (adjectives)used in Rainer’s letter. Adjectives Words Modified1. experience2. places3. cathedral4. Camp John Hay5. Trinidad Valley6. markets7. fruits8. customs9. day10. hit11. days12. shows13. sister 3F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

Study Time Look at the illustration and read the selection below it. Study the use of the underlined words. What could really be the best way to exercise your body to always keep you physically fit? Some say that brisk walking is a good way of exercising all parts of your body. Others say that swimming is better than brisk walking because it does not only help us maintain a good figure but it also keeps the heart healthy. A number of health- conscious people claim that weight lifting is the best type of exercise not only for the males but also for the females. What could really be the best way to keep you physically fit? • The adjectives good, better, and best show the three degrees of comparison. The adjective good is in the positive degree since it describes 4F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

only one thing (brisk walking). The adjective better is in the comparative degree since it compares brisk walking and swimming. The adjective best is in the superlative degree since it denotes quality in the greatest degree.• Comparison in other words is the change that adjectives undergo to express different degrees of quantity, quality and value.• Irregular adjectives form the comparative and the superlative by changing the whole word. Here are some examples.Positive Comparative Superlative good better best well better best bad worse worst ill worse worst many more most much more most little least less, lesserLet us do some exercises. Practice Time A. Choose the correct form of adjectives in the parentheses. Write your answer in your notebook. 1. Have you tried the (good, better, best) tuna in the Philippines? 2. My sister, Gloria, likes milkfish (good, better, best) than mudfish. 3. Fresh water fish is the (good, better, best). 4. During the rainy season, the fishermen catch (many, more, most) fishes than they do during the dry season. 5. During the dry season, the fishermen catch the (many, more, most) number of fishes. 6. The old folks say that (many, more, much) prawns are caught on new moon nights than during full moon nights. 7. According to Mang Bino he catches the (little, lesser, least) number of fish on moonlight night. 5F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

8. But Mang Ando says that he usually catches (many, more, most) when he prays before going out to the sea. 9. The fisherman’s health became (bad, worse, worst) when they take a bath immediately upon arrival from fishing in the sea. 10. He went to see a physician and after three days his health became (good, better, best) than before. B. Fill in each blank with the correct adjective. Write your answers in your notebook. 1. Marjorie was not able to attend the program because she was _____. (ill) 2. The teacher advised her to use her umbrella so that her illness would not become _____ (ill) she is now. 3. The Health teacher said that we should drink _____ (much) water in order to be healthy. 4. She also told us to take _____ (much) water during hot weather than we do during the cold months. 5. The physician advised the patient to drink the _____ (much) number of glasses of water before the ultra sound. 6. The doctor said that the patient should eat _____ (little) rice than usual. 7. The patient wanted to get well so she ate the _____ (little) rice. 8. But another patient did not follow the physician’s instructions so his illness became the _____ (ill) of all his consultations. 9. My father followed all the physician’s instructions after his first consultation so his health became _____ (good) during the second consultations. 10. The physician is very happy when he sees that his patient’s health is at its ____ (good). C. Fill in the blank with the correct form of adjective in the parenthesis. Write your answers in your notebook. 1. Mang Julio, a farmer is very industrious so he has _____ (good) harvest than his neighboring farmers every year. 2. He plants vegetables, too in addition to rice so he earns the _____ (much) among the farmers in the neighborhood. 3. He uses _____ (little) commercial fertilizer than his neighbors do because he uses animal manure, too. 4. Farming is indeed a _____ (good) source of income for Mang Julio’s family. 5. Mang Julio has _____ (much) income than the fixed income earners in the barangay. 6. He goes to his farm even if he is _____ (ill). 6F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

7. When his health is _____ (bad) than before his wife helps her tend the plants.8. But when he is _____ (well) his wife stays at home.9. Mang Julio’s wife gives her friends ______ (many) vegetables during summer than during rainy season.10. She is very generous and she says that her feeling is _____ (good) when she gives more than when she gives less.D. Write sentences using the positive, comparative or superlative degree of the given adjectives.Example:Many – superlativeOf all my classmates, Riza has the most number of awards.1. good - positive2. well - comparative3. many - superlative4. little - comparative5. much - superlative Test Yourself A. Choose the correct form of adjective in the parenthesis. Write your answers in your notebook. 1. My friend who lives in Baguio City raises (many, more, most) beautiful flowers. 2. She sells (many, more, most) flowers when there are celebrations than on ordinary days. 3. She says that she sells the (many, more, most) number of flowers before All Saint’s Day. 4. My friend says that her flower harvest goes (good, better, best) during the rainy season than during summer. 7F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

5. She adds that her harvest goes the (good, better, best) in December and January. 6. But the flower harvest, she says further goes the (bad, worse, worst) after strong typhoons. 7. This friend of mine earns (much, more, most) from raising flowers. 8. The more tourists there are in the city the (much, more, most) sales she has. 9. She has the (much, more, most) sales during summer when there is the greatest number of tourists during the year. 10. But her income is the (little, lesser, least) when a storm hits the city. Wrapping Up Your classroom has been chosen as “The Best Classroom” in your school. You were the chairperson of the Decorating Committee. What rules or criteria did you follow? List them down and underline the adjectives used. Example: Window panes should be clean everyday. 8F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]

Key to CorrectionsREVIEW TIME 1. most rewarding 2. several, beautiful 3. stately 4. clean 5. sleepy 6. crowded 7. fresh 8. unique 9. special 10. big 11. three 12. favorite 13. beautifulPRACTICE TIME A. 1. best 2. better 3. best 4. more 5. most 6. more 7. least 8. more 9. bad 10. better B. 1. ill 2. worse 3. more 4. more 5. most 6. lesser 7. least 8. worst 9. better 10. best 9F:\ \SIMs ENGLISH IV & VI\MISOSA SIM Eng.6, Vol 1 Mod\20-Using the Degrees of Comparison of Irregular Adjectives.doc Printed: 10/1/2015 10:37:00 AM [Ferdie]