Health Science_Diyansha Bommala 4A

FLIPBOOK Diya Bommala

Integumentary system Protects our bodies, keeps bodies at the right temperature, and allows us to have a sense of touch. Diseases: Acne- caused when blocked skin follicles caused by oil, clump and swell together. Psoriasis- skin disease that causes the skin to become itchy and red. Ichthyosis- caused when skin is too dry and looks like fish scales. Alopecia Areata- attack hair follicles and causes the hair to come out in patches. Careers: Dermatologists- specialize in the diagnosis and cure of skin diseases. Plastic Surgeons- Change the appearance or look of a part of a patient's body.

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Key Terms: Vocab: derm/o, dermat/o- think layer of skin 1. SKIN- thin layer of tissue covering the human body kerat/o-relating to horny tissue or keratin 2. HAIR- fine, threadlike strands growing from the scalp 3. NAILS- a horney covering on the upper surface xer/o- dry 4. KERAGIN- a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent. 5. DERMIS- the skin xanth/o- yellow or yellowish 6. EPIDERMIS- surface of the skin, overlying the dermis 7. SWEAT GLANDS- a small gland that secretes sweat in the dermis. erythr/o- denoting red or red blood cell 8. SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER- situated or applied to the skin pedicu/o- food 9. ECZEMA- patches of skin become rough and inflamed with blisters onych/o- denoting a fingernail or a toenail 10. ACNE.- the occurrence of red pimples on the face from skin follicles myc/o- denotes a relationship to fungus clumped by oil pil/o- hair lip/o- fat; lipid. rhytid/o- wrinkle in the skin. albin/o- white

Musculoskeletal system Provides support, form, movement, and protection to the body. It is made up of bones, cartilage, and muscle. Diseases: Arthritis- The loss of mobility in the joints where joint tissues start to tear and degenerate. Osteoporosis- too much calcium is dissolved so the bones becomes too weak. Tendonitis- repeated strain to a tendon, can inflame the tendon and cause it to swell. Osteomalacia- if there is not enough calcium, the bones don't become hard, but too soft. Careers: Physical Therapist- Help people who have injuries or illness improve movement and manage pain. Athletic trainer- A certified health care professional who practices in the field of sports medicine.

Musculoskeletal system VOCAB:Bone- hard connective tissue, Key Terms:My/o- muscle long short, or can be flat. myel/o- marrow or of the spinal Calcium- mineral constituent in the bone cord that leads to growth. Cartilage- flexible, rubbery connective Oste- bone tissue on joint surfaces. Collagen- dense, connective tissue cost-rib protein strands found in bone and other tissue. Crani- cranium Skeleton- All of the bones in an organism. Provides structure, support and protection -Pexy- surgical fixation or to the whole body. suspension Joint- Area where two bones meet. Ligament- strong connective tissue fibers Chondor- cartilage that hold bones together. Arthr- joint Tendon- strong connective tissue fibers that hold muscle to bone. Plegia- paralysis or stroke Fluid- thick, slippery liquid that gives lubrication in joints. Marrow- squishy, fatty Kinesi- indicating motion tissue found in centers of long bones.

NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It’s the body's electrical wiring and function. Diseases: Alzheimer's- this affects brain function, behavior, and memory of a person. Trauma- When a stressful experience pushes the system beyond its limits, it can become active with no stops. Because of this we experience anxiety, panic, anger, hyperactivity, and restlessness. Epilepsy- brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Bell's palsy- there is a sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face. Careers: Neurologist- A medical doctor who treats ailments and disorders of the nervous system. Neuroanatomist- the scientific study of the nervous system. It could also be related to the anatomy.

NERVOUS SYSTEM VOCAB: Key Terms: CNS- consists of the brain and spinal cord in the dorsal body cavity. Neur- nerve Stimulus- any change in the internal or external environment Encephal- brain Motor neuron- sends out impulses to the muscles resulting in a stimuli Reflex- response that occurs rapidly Myel- spinal cord, bone marrow without conscious control. Cerebrum- The largest part of the Ambul- to walk brain that controls thinking. Nerve- bundle of nerve fibers Paralysis- loss of movement due to -esthesia- nervous sensation damage. Spinal cord- connects the brain to Mening- membrane the rest of the nervous system Nerve impulse- message that the Psych- breathing neurons carry Autonomic Nervous System- Concuss- violently shaken. controls involuntary action of the nervous system.

SPECIAL SENSES The main function of special senses is to allow us to detect environmental stimuli that help us interpret information. We can see, smell, tsate, ghear, and touch all things because of our sense. Diseases: Anosmia- the total or partial loss of the sense of smell. Cataract- Loss of transparency of the lens of the eye. Glaucoma- increased intraocular pressure in the eye. Meaniere’s- an inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing. Careers: Social Worker- they help visually impaired clients an usually work in public health, hospitals, and nursing facilities. Optometry- the study and care of the eyes.

SPECIAL SENSES Vocab: Special senses receptors- large Key Terms: complex sensory organs or localized clusters of receptors Irid- iris of the eye Pinkeye- infectious form of conjunctivitis -cusis- hearing problem Eyeball- the eye itself that is a hollow sphere -opia- defects in vision or conditions Iris- colored part of the eye around the pupil in the eye Eardrum- vibrates in response to -ot- therapy based on life skills sound waves Olfactory receptors- sense of despite impaired problems smell Eyelashes- project from the Tympan- relating to eardrums border of each eyelid Conjunctivitis- inflammation of Ophthalm- relating to the eye the conjunctiva Cornea- transparent part of the -metry- act or process of measuring fibrous layer that allows light through to the eye Retina- innermost sensory layer of the eye that is delicate and dual layered

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Blood circulates through a network of vessels in the body to provide cells with oxygen and nutrients and to dispose metabolic wastes. The heart pumps the blood around the blood vessels. Diseases: Heart attack- happens when the blood to the heart is cut off and declines. Heart failure- when the heart's ability to pump becomes slower. Arrhythmia- a change in the normal frequency of a heartbeat. Cardiomyopathy- causes the heart to become abnormally large and stiff. Careers: Cardiac surgeon- perform major operations on the heart, blood, and arteries. Invasive cardiologist- trained in cardiac catheterization and other minor surgeries

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Key Terms: VOCAB: cardi- heart Cusp- any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart. Lipid- any of a group of fats or fatlike angi-vessel substances found in the blood. Occlusion- closure, or state of being hem/hemat- closed Systole- The contraction phase of the brady-slow heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries. tachy-fast Hypotension- low blood pressure; less than normal blood pressure reading thromb- clot Hypoxemia- insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood Ischemia- decreased supply of -emia- of the blood oxygenated blood to a body part or organ leuk-white Lumen- a cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body Murmur- a low-pitched humming or Erythr-red fluttering sound Palpitation- A pounding or racing of the arteri- artery heart,

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Diseases: Asthma- difficulty to breath cause my inflammation to the lungs. Lung Cancer- DNA mutations in the lungs cause irregular cells to multiply and create an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Chronic Bronchitis- mucus from the lungs is coughed out because of the mucus glands increase output. Emphysema- Those who suffer from emphysema have trouble exhaling air from their lungs. Careers: Respiratory therapist- diagnose breathing problems and suggest treatment options to patients. Allergist- An allergist is a doctor specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with allergies. They look at the body's immune system and determine what needs to be fixed or improved

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Key Terms: VOCAB: Pharynx bronch- bronchi the throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Larynx cyan-blue the voice box that contains the vocal cords. Trachea Laryng-upper part of windpipe windpipe. Diaphragm -oxia-acute muscle separating the chest and abdomen. Erythrocytes red blood cells. oxy-sharp Alveoli clusters of air sacs at the end of the bronchial pleur- side, rib tree. Bronchi pneum-lung the larger air passages of the lungs branching out from the trachea. Expiration/Exhalation Pulmon-meaning lungs breathing out. Mucus Thorac-breast The secretion of the mucus glands. Nose An airway for Oxygen. trache-trachea

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself Diseases: Diarrhea- is loose, watery stools three or more times a day it may be acute, persistent, or chronic. GERD- Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition where stomach acid persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus. Gastroenteritis- caused by an infection, either viral or bacterial, in the gut. Hemorrhoids- tend to cause pain or itching around the anus there may be a hard knot near the anus. Careers: Gastroenterology- is the medical specialty most broadly concerned with diseases and conditions of the digestive system. Surgeons- Aside from cancers, the digestive system is subject to a number of conditions that lend themselves to surgical correction, from anal fissures to diverticulitis and obstructions of the bow

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Key Terms: VOCAB: Teeth cholecyst-gallbladder Bony projections that are used for tearing and crushing food into a pulp, making it easier to digest. Saliva enter- intestine A liquid that is released in the mouth for digestion Esophagus Tube through which the bolus pasees to stomach col/colon-tube like organ Stomach Large muscular organ that digests food both chem and mech. hepat-liver Pancreas Organ that regulates blood sugar levels, or-surgery Liver Organ that produces bile and filters toxins out blood Bile gastr-stomach A fluid loaded with lipids and salts that dissolves and disperses fats. Large Intestine/Colon -pepsia-digestion Organ that removes water from undigested material. Epiglottis A cartilaginous valve-like device in the throat which chol/e- bile prevents food from entering the trachea. Small Intestine proct-anus The location where most chemical digestion takes place.

URINARY SYSTEM The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. Diseases: Nephrosis- a noninflammatory disease of kidneys.Urethritis- inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urine in both sexes, and the common pathway for urine and semen in the male. Nocturia- frequently getting up and urinating during the night. Enuresis- involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to bedwetting. Careers: Urology- provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women. They may diagnose and treat urologic disease, cancers, deformities and injuries. Gynecologists- specialize in care for female health problems.

Catheter Urinary System tube for injecting or removing fluids Cortex Key Terms: outer region of an organ; Creatinine nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. -cele- tumor Electrolyte chemical element that carries and electrical charge when dissolved in water. E -lysis- loosening, dissolving Erythropoietin (EPO) hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the Cyst- bladder production of red blood cells by bone marrow. Filtration process whereby some substances, but not all, Nepher- kidney pass through a filter. Glomerular capsule Ren- kidney the Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus -uria-urine Glomerulus tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney. -pexy- surgical Hilum depression in an organ where blood vessels and enter and leave. -ectasis-dilation Kidney one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone. Pyel- pelvis

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Function is to produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain these cells. To nurture the developing offspring. Careers:Gynecologists deal with the health of the female reproductive system. The term gynecology literally means the study of women. Andrology is the medical profession dealing with the health of the male reproductive system. It is the counterpart to gynecology and literally means the study of men. Diseases: Endometriosis- a condition involving colonization of the abdominal cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)- the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)- although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Episiotomy- a surgical procedure cutting into the perineal area, the area between the vagina and anus

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Vocab: Key Terms: Scrotum the external pouch that contains the testicles,just under the Cervic- neck penis. Vas Deferens sperm moving the sperm from the epididymis up to the seminal Salping-tube(uterine) vesicle Seminal vesicle Ov-ovum leaf-shaped gland that produces nutrients to sperm and adds to semen fluid Prostate gland Orchid-testes gland that surrounds the urethra, responsible for the urinary response Oophor-ovary Cowper's gland Cleanses the acidic urine left in penis. Ejaculatory Duct tube through which semem enters the male urethra Men-menstruation Foreskin loose fold of skin that covers the end of the penis; removed Mamm-breast during circumcision. Urethra tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body Gynec-women female Bartholin's gland two small glands at the base of the vaginal opening Colp-womb responsible for lubrication Vulva external female genitalia including labia majora, labia minora, Prostat-vessel,duct clitoris