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DRAFT Chapter 6 - Inside Pike Place Market August 20, 2018 Opening photo for chapter 6: IMAGE: LS20170726_pikeplacemarket_001.jpg Caption: In 2017, in its 110th year, Pike Place Market opened an expansion that will serve as a connection between the Market, downtown and the redeveloped, pedestrian-friendly waterfront. Credit: Lara Swimmer/PDA IMAGE: Growing WA_farm stand.jpg Caption: In a bid to fill a stand in the historic arcade with local farm produce, the PDA petitioned the Market Historical Commission to allow the farm, Growing Washington, to rent a highstall stand, traditionally a designated space for produce vendors (who sell produce from around the world, as well as locally), not farmers. Credit: Barbie Hull/PDA

With the weight of 110 years behind it, Pike Place Market is best guided like a freighter through Haro Strait or the Tacoma Narrows, by degrees. And yet, without foresight and agility by those at the helm, the public market could drift into the future on swells of well-meaning nostalgia. The tension of preserving an historic entity with authenticity while staying relevant to modern audiences is ever present. With the recent addition of the new MarketFront, the first major expansion of the public market in more than 40 years, and a crucial connection point to the city’s extensive redevelopment of the central waterfront, Pike Place Market is ready to meet the future. Seattle continues to expand in an economic boom that is changing the face and the shape of the city, block by block, neighborhood by neighborhood. There is development on all sides of the Market as young, educated and affluent professionals move downtown and buildings seem to fall and rise every week. The bright yellow construction cranes have become ubiquitous-- in 2018, Seattle led the country in the number of cranes for the third year in a row, with

65 cranes roosting in the skyline, 25 more than the next U.S. city, according to The Seattle Times. The sustained economic growth, in addition to a massive civic project poised to reshape the city's waterfront for the first time in decades, have led to new challenges and opportunities for Market managers. IMAGE: pikeplace_farmers_08.jpg Caption: A young woman, cell phone in hand, peruses produce at a farm stand on Pike Place. Credit: Mike Kane/PDA More than 70,000 residents now live in downtown Seattle, a 22 percent increase since 2010, according to the Downtown Seattle Association (DSA). These residents represent an uptapped pool of potential shoppers. And yet, many are accustomed to ordering groceries online, eating at quick serve restaurants that cater to plugged-in clientele, and purchasing prepared foods rather than ingredients. How to engage these new residents and grow the next crop of Market shoppers, advocates and supporters is a frequent topic of conversation for the PDA and the PDA Council committee on marketing and the farmers market programs. SubHed: Mobile Markets Bring Farmers to Shoppers An enduring challenge facing Market management is how to sustain the Market’s legacy produce vendors, as well as individual farmers under the

pressure of millions of visitors a year that enjoy photographing - not buying - the rainbow rows of fresh produce. IMAGE: Regrade_Spheres market.JPG Caption: The opening of a Pike Place Market farmers market at the Amazon Spheres at 7th Avenue and Lenora Street brings the best of summer produce from Seattle’s oldest farmers market to one of the city’s fastest developing areas. Credit: Kalyn Kinomoto/PDA Over the last decade, the PDA’s farm managers developed a strategy to bring farmers and fresh produce to residents and workers in dense employment centers in downtown Seattle-- weekly satellite farmers markets outside of the iconic public market. Located in four locations around downtown with high volumes of employees, the remote markets were organized to allow office workers with short lunch hours the opportunity to make targeted shopping trips on a weekly basis. The value of the weekly markets was strongly debated

by the PDA Council with some members concerned about the potential of dilluting the Market brand and the extention of Market resources beyond the historic district. However, since the first remote market’s inception at City Hall Plaza in 2008, the markets have shown to provide Market farmers with vital additional revenue from local shoppers. The markets serve several purposes: investing in farmers as a major cornerstone of the public market, connecting a new generation of shoppers with Pike Place Market, and serving as a valuable recruitment tool by encouraging farmers who might otherwise be reluctant to try out the main Market, said Zack Cook, a longtime farmers market manager at the PDA. In the summer of 2018, the most successful market, on a plaza in front of Seattle City Hall, celebrated its 10th anniversary, and the PDA opened a second market in the heart of Amazon territory next to the tech-giant's glass domed conservatories called the \"Spheres.\" Sales at the two markets in South Lake Union, where Amazon's headquarters are located, have shown that while prepared foods such as yogurt, biscuits or jams sell better than produce, over time the customers begin to purchase more fresh fruits and vegetables. The farm staff continues to work with farmers to market their produce to the next generation of shoppers by helping them navigate rules and regulations surrounding the production of processed foods, as well as access capital, such as grants, to develop new products. IMAGE: Pike Box-03614.jpg Credit: Photo by Justin Huguet/PDA; box design by DEI Creative Caption: The PDA hopes its “Pike Box,” featuring former Market farmer and manager, Joe Desimone, will appeal to downtown residents.

In the summer of 2018, the PDA launched Pike Box, a weekly Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) produce subscription box. (The PDA had a prior CSA program from 1997-2005.) Pike Box includes a season’s worth of fresh, local produce sourced directly from Pike Place Market farmers and is hand- packed every week at the Market. The 20-week membership further supports local farmers in growing their businesses by opening new sales channels, connecting them with new customers, as well as allowing them opportunities to experiment with new crop varieties. Through the four satellite Markets, the growing CSA program, and a partnership with King County that provdies subsidized CSA boxes to preschools in the area, Market managers hope to help farmers weather changes in the marketplace and sustain a cornerstone of the public market for decades to come. ********* Subhed: MarketFront: Meeting the Future, Honoring the Past IMAGE: LS20170726_pikeplacemarket_020.jpg

Caption: When Market advocates won historic designation for Market neighborhood in 1971, the .75-acre site on Western Avenue was included in the new historic district. Decades passed before the PDA was able to act on plans to rebuild on the site, the home of the former Municipal Market. Credit: Lara Swimmer/PDA The Market’s most ambitious effort to meet the future, while staying to true to its charter and historic character, was the $74 million development of the MarketFront, the redevelopment of the last remaining urban infill site in the nine acre Market Historical District. This expansion on the western edge of the public market marked the realization of a 40-year vision to reconnect the site to the vibrant heart of the Market on Pike Place and the return of historical Market uses to the space that had only seen parked cars since the ‘70s. The expansion opened in June of 2017 and features public space with a viewing deck, additional daystall tables, four new artisan food producers, low- income senior housing, a neighborhood center, public art installations and underground parking. Its design and use were created in accordance of Market historic district guidelines and the Pike Place Market charter. KEY FEATURES

● Open public plaza and viewing deck with views of Mount Rainier, Puget Sound and Olympic Mountains ● 30,000 square feet of open public space ● Pavilion with spaces for 47 farm and craft vendors and views of Elliott Bay ● Producers Hall with a brewery, seafood restaurant, biscuit maker and chocolate maker ● 40 new units of low-income, senior housing managed by Pike Place Market PDA ● The Market Commons, a neighborhood center managed by the Pike Place Market Foundation ● 300 covered parking spaces; 33 bicycle spaces ● Three public art installations The creation of the MarketFront was made possible by the timing and unique convergence of events: the City’s vision for a redesign of the central waterfront with a public waterfront park and a pedestrian-friendly connection to the Market, and the removal of the 1949 Alaskan Way Viaduct. The city’s waterfront design spans a mile-plus stretch of the waterfront and includes 20 acres of open public space, including a 1.5 acre pedestrian walkway known as the Overlook Walk that will connect the waterfront to the Market and the Seattle Aquarium. IMAGE: Project Area map Credit: City of Seattle and James Corner Field Operations

IMAGE: Aerial Looking North Caption: Credit: City of Seattle and James Corner Field Operations The redevelopment plans for the waterfront and the future removal of the Alaskan Way Viaduct provided the PDA a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to realize long-held plans to develop the surface parking lot on the western edge of the public market. The removal of the Viaduct and loss of parking spaces beneath the mammoth structure meant the PDA could apply for parking mitigation funds from the State and the city, the first time major public funds would be available for the PDA to build on the site. Located on the western edge of the public market, on the bluff facing the waterfront, the site would serve as a vital connection point between the Market and the waterfront, as well as the downtown corridor to the east.

In June of 2012, the PDA Council held a public meeting attended by more than 65 concerned Market supporters and residents, two TV stations, several radio stations and local reporters. On the agenda was the design of the MarketFront expanion. At this time, the fate of the Alaskan Way Viaduct was unclear and four early design concepts of the project were not embraced by the public. After several hours of debate led by Council Chair Jim Savitt, the Council rejected the first four options, opted for a compromise concept called “BB+” with additional residential housing, and authorized an additional $500,000 in design fees to keep the project moving. This key decision set an intense pace for the project’s development as well as high expectations for the level of public engagement in the future of the MarketFront. IMAGE: Bird’s eye view of Alaskan Way Viaduct Credit: Washington Department of Transportation Caption: The city’s waterfront design capitalizes on the removal of the 1950s era elevated highway, the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which essentially divorced the waterfront from the Market and the rest of downtown. IMAGE: Slide 12 from Allied Arts PowerPoint Credit: XX – Ben is unsure where the PDA got this photo from, it may be from early waterfront plans. It was in Peter Steinbrueck’s 2013 progress report. Caption: The surface parking lot adjacent to the Viaduct marks the final site of the Market Historic District to be developed.

SubHed: Brief History of the MarketFront Site Princess Angeline (Kikisoblu) (1820-1896), Seattle, ca. 1895 Photo by Asahel Curtis, Courtesy UW Special Collections (UW5977)

The high bluffs rising over Elliott Bay were the location of cabins and shanties in the decades leading up to the establishment of the public market in 1907. One of Seattle’s most famous figures, Kikisoblu, or “Princess Angeline,” as she was known to the white settlers, lived in a cabin just to the west of the public market and south of where the MarketFront was built. She was the eldest daughter of Chief Si'ahl or Si'at, leader of the Duwamish (Dkhw’Duw’Absh) and Suquamish Tribes and for whom the city of Seattle was named. Kikisoblu (Kick-is-om-lo), as she was called in her native tongue of Lushootseed, was born in 1820. She lived on the bluff in a small cabin after refusing to join her father and others of her tribe in relinquishing the land they had occupied for centuries after the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855. To get by, she dug for mussels and clams in the tideflats, sold woven baskets at the waterfront and did settlers’ laundry. Photographed by Edward Curtis and given the name “Princess Angeline,” by white settlers, the eldest daughter of Chief “Seattle” became one of the city’s most recognized figures. Kikisoblu’s cabin was roughly located at the base of the Pike Street Hillclimb and near the center of what is now Western Avenue. She lived there until she died on May 31, 1896. She was buried, as she requested, in Lake View Cemetery, where her grave can be seen today. [Read more about Kikisoblu, Chief Si'ahl and the Treaty of Point Elliott] After the turn of the century, the steep slope north of Kikisoblu’s cabin became the temporary home for workers and engineers digging a Burlington Northern train tunnel at the base of the bluff. Dug by hand, the tunnel was completed in 1905 and is 30 feet in width and 26 feet in height. During excavation work for the MarketFront, items left behind by these workers were found on the site by state archeologists. The 110-year-old tunnel is still in use today and posed significant challenges to the PDA, the architects and builders of the MarketFront. IMAGE: BNSF Tunnel Construction High Res.tif Credit: University of WA Caption: Workers housing can be seen in the top of this photograph, above the construction site of the tunnel, dug by hand by workers between 1903-1905.

After the impressive engineering feat of the Burlington Northern tunnel, the next major development on the bluff was by Frank and Arthur Goodwin in 1921, with the addition of the Municipal Market. The building was the first the Goodwins’ built to the west of Pike Place, across Western Avenue. Eventually, a bridge was built to connect the new building to the arcade on Pike Place, making it accessible to cars and endearing it to locals, even then. The Municipal Market was active through the 1960s, serving as the first home for the German sausage maker Bavarian Meats (1961), now a third-generation family owned and operated business. The aging building was included in the protections of the new 1971 historic district, which gave the PDA the power to preserve or develop the building and/or the site. In 1974, a fire caused irreparable damage to the building, which was already in poor condition. Shortly after the fire the building was demolished and the site was graded for surface parking. Market managers and preservationists intended to see a new Market building rise on the site; it would take more than 40 years for that vision to be realized. IMAGE: Fire_at_Pike_Place_Market,_1974.gif Credit: Seattle Municipal Archive Caption: Pedestrians watch the blaze from the bridge over Western Avenue connecting the Municipal Market to the main Market on Pike Place.

IMAGE: Background from Breezeway Credit: Emily Crawford/PDA Caption: The former site of the Municipal Market remained a surface parking lot for 40 years. In the summer, the PDA hired a local farmer to bring his goats to eat the blackberry brambles on the lot’s perimeter. From Parking Lot to Public Space From the mid-1970s on, there were at least eight different development studies done on the site that identified its priority uses, including, parking, storage, commercial space and social services. By making the strategic decision to dive into the archives and learn “what we already knew,” said Ben Franz- Knight, then PDA Executive Director, the PDA was able to advance to concept development very quickly to maintain pace with the plans for the central

waterfront and Alaskan Way Viaduct removal. “Using past studies as a take-off point saved us more than a year in the process,” he said. Longtime Market advocate and architect, Peter Steinbrueck was hired by the PDA in 2013 to create a progress report to provide historical context and help guide “future planning, final design” of the former Municipal Market site. The site, he wrote, “presents extraordinary development challenges including costs and financial feasibility, severe physical site constraints, a maze of development controls and regulations, and a massive structural hurdle requiring any new construction to straddle the Burlington Northern Railroad tunnel which transects the site.” It was due to these challenges that the PDA wasn’t able to muster the financial resources in the prior decades to build on the former Municipal Market site. IMAGE: View of the MarketFront from the current Viaduct Caption: A 2015 rendering of the MarketFront project by the local architecture firm, The Miller Hull Partnership, from the perspective of the Viaduct. Credit: The Miller Hull Partnership The expansion, designed by the Seattle architecture firm, The Miller Hull Partnership (MHP), was the first piece of the greater central waterfront

development to move forward. MHP worked with architect James Corner, perhaps best known for his work with the New York City Highline, and whom the city hired to develop the waterfront plan, on how the MarketFront would connect to the city’s Overlook Walk. The inspiration for The Miller Hull Partnership design of the MarketFront is the sense of discovery one feels when exploring the Market’s hidden alleys and winding passages. The design team looked to the existing 20th century industrial structures and simple materials, such as exposed timber beams, found throughout the Market. The building incorporates Northwest industrial toughness with large, open spaces that offer transparency inside and out. Image: MarketFront BREEZEWAY 300dpi.jpg Credit: The Miller Hull Partnership The PDA responsiveness to the changing environment around the Market and embracing the key goals of the city and state’s plans that touched the historic district boundaries allowed the PDA to leverage significant outside funding sources. Funding for the project included: $34 million from City of Seattle, $6 million from the AWV Parking mitigation fund for providing short-term parking, $9 million in low income housing tax credits, $2 millionin new market tax credits, state grants of $1.8 million, $6 million in philanthropy from the Market Foundation’s Pike Up! Campaign, and the balance from PDA equity and bonds.

Pike Up! was a $9 million capital campaign launched by the Pike Place Market Foundation in 2014 to provide crucial funding for the MarketFront project. Over the next four years, the Foundation reached its goal to engage more than 6,000 local donors in this project, produce public art and expand much needed social services for the Market community. Market fans still have a chance to participate and engrave a name or message into Pike Place Market history through Market Charms, which hang on the new MarketFront as an art installation; or Bronze Hoofprints leading to the piggy bank on the MarketFront Plaza: http://pikeplacemarketfoundation.org/pikeup/ In 2015, the city and the Market finalized a development agreement that provided the PDA with $34 million for the MarketFront project with stipulations for public parking and a connection to the new waterfront: “The City’s highest priorities for this Project include the Waterfront-Related Elements and parking garage. The replacement parking created by the new parking garage will be developed to maximize the number of short-term public parking stalls and accessibility and functionality for visitors to the Market and waterfront.” Former Mayor Edward Murray signed the agreement on May 15, 2015. A week later, the Market community celebrated the groundbreaking of the new MarketFront with a parade led by the Pike Place Market Foundation, with community groups and market stakeholders participating, a drum circle by members of the Chief Seattle Club, and a short ceremony. Photo credit: Mike Kane/PDA (all) Below: Members of the Chief Seattle Club provide a blessing at the start of the groundbreaking ceremony.

Managing Challenges Image: Public Market sign_crane_web Caption: On October 15, 2015 a crane was installed to begin the heavy construction on the first major expansion of Pike Place Market in more than 40 years. Credit: Emily Crawford/PDA In 2015, a tower crane was installed in the Market. To get to that milestone, Market managers first had to get design and plans for the use of the site approved by the Market Historical Commission (MHC) and just as importantly, engage the community to get the buy in from the Market’s various stakeholders on the project. Dozens of meetings were held to share the design and receive the at times contentious feedback.

Over the course of the next five years, more than 200 public meetings were held where the MarketFront was a dedicated agenda item. Community outreach meetings, a town hall, weekly meetings with then Executive Director Ben Franz Knight, and informal gatherings led by PDA staff, project partners and the host of oversight organizations, ensured that the Market community had a say in the project, from the color of the paint, to the placement of public art and the addition of an open-air pavilion, a priority of Market craftspeople. IMAGE: IMG_4472.JPG Credit: Emily Crawford/PDA Caption: PDA staff members meet with craftspeople before the morning roll call to show renderings of the MarketFront project and its connections to the Desimone Bridge. The design morphed and changed, until at last a final design was approved by MHC during a nearly three-hour meeting. The Pike Place Market Foundation also faced the challenge of getting donor recognition plans and public artworks approved by MHC. The final MarketFront plan was a dynamic, artistic design that would engage new and longtime Seattleites: a place that that would fit into the public market landscape while offering new public space with stellar views, retail space for artisan producers, a pavilion with daystall tables, public art and even low-income housing for senior residents. “Robust public engagement was critical to the success of the MarketFront project,” said Franz-Knight. “In fact, the only way it was going to become a

reality was if everyone had a role and could see their input materialize in the process, the design and programatic elements.” A major challenges faced by the PDA and Sellen Construction included the building of the project over the Burlington Northern tunnel. Sensitive monitoring equipment was placed underground to determine any shifting or movement around the tunnel beneath the site. Any indication that the tunnel, which has trains passing through it several times a day, was under any stress, and the project would be stopped immediately. A massive reinforced structure designed by the structural and civil engineering firm, Magnusson Klemencic Associates, was built over the top of the tunnel, essentially creating a separate structure for the MarketFront and a protective layer for the tunnel. Other challenges included the finding of artifacts on the site. The discovery of a privy used by the workers on the train tunnel in the early 20th century excited archeologists and entailed a designated dig site in the middle of the heavy excavation work. Image: Aerial Shot MarketFront_6.2.16.jpg Credit: Sellen Construction (?) More than 2,000 artifacts of “cultural interest” were found in the MarketFront construction area by the official site archeologist, including a porcelain doll’s head from early 20th century. The German model of the doll, called “Bertha,”-- was unearthed on Halloween in 2015, spooking the state archeologist on site.

(It was sheer coincidence that name of the doll, Bertha, was the same given to the giant tunnel boring machine that was at that moment digging the replacement to the Alaskan Way Viaduct beneath downtown Seattle.) The artifacts were largely from two populations: a community of squatters in the early 19th century and the workers that built the Burlington Northern train tunnel from 1903-1905. The artifacts currently being archived at the Burke Museum. IMAGES: IMG_3097.JPG and IMG_3096.JPG Credit: Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture Caption: Pictured here is a German ceramic doll head and glass bottles from the turn of the 20th century that were found on the MarketFront site during excavation of the site. In June of 2017, just two years after breaking ground, the Market celebrated the opening of the MarketFront with a day-long public celebration. At the grand opening ceremony, drummers from the Chief Seattle Club performed and opening song and Joe Desimone, Jr.—son of Giuseppe “Joe” Desimone, an early Market managers and owner—read from the proclamation made at Pike Place Market’s 1907 opening. A cake made by Honest Biscuits, a new artisan vendor in the MarketFront and topped with fresh strawberries from a farm, was cut with a prop swordfish. Image:PikePlace0033_BarbieHull (1).jpg And: PikePlace0016_BarbieHull.jpg

Credit: Barbie Hull/PDA Image: Old Stove_Barbie Hull.jpg Credit: Barbie Hull/PDA Caption: Old Stove Brewing celebrates its grand opening in the new MarketFront. Visitors enjoy a stellar view of Elliott Bay while sipping ales made in Pike Place Market. Credit: Barbie Hull/PDA Caption: Blacksmith and craftsperson Erica Gordon, left, of Steel Toe Studios, demonstrates how she forges her jewelry by hand.

Looking Ahead Image: Waterfront connection.jpg Credit: Emily Crawford (not PDA this time, I took this recently.) Capiton: In the center left of this image, a fenced, rectangular walkway juts toward the Alaskan Way Viaduct. This connection point, known by some as the “diving board,” will connect to the City’s future Overlook Walk. With the MarketFront expansion completed, Pike Place Market is ready to meet the new waterfront. The PDA is in discussions with the City’s Office of the Waterfront on what role the Market may play in managing, operating and

maintaining the future Overlook Walk that will connect the Market to the waterfront. Construction of the walkway is scheduled for 2021-2022, after the Alaskan Way Viaduct is demolished in 2019-2020. As of fall of 2018, the plans for the walk are at 30% of design and the City and the PDA are digging into the brass tacks on public access points, ADA accessibility, security and maintenance for the 1.5 acres of new public open space. The waterfront, the Market and the entire downtown residential and commercial community have much to gain from a pedestrian friendly route up and down the bluff. Currently, multiple sets of lung-busting stairs and hard to find elevators stymie visitors and even locals seeking to navigate the no man’s land territory below the roar of the Viaduct. Image: AXON.jpg Credit: City of Seattle and James Corner Field Operations The Overlook Walk is designed for all ages and abilities, with gradual slopes, new elevators and places to linger along the walk. A new bridge over the new Alaskan Way roadway will allow pedestrians to travel from the Market to waterfront without having to cross a street. Image: Slide Bottom Credit: City of Seattle and James Corner Field Operations

Image: Image5_Bridge Credit: City of Seattle and James Corner Field Operations On the waterfront, a the Seattle Aquarium’s new Ocean Pavilion will anchor the south side of the Overlook Walk. The new exhibition will educate visitors of the how the health of the world’s oceans are essential to that of our planet. IMAGE: OP entry facing north.jpg Credit: LMN Architects Caption: The Ocean Pavilion is currently in the schematic design phase; two years of construction is scheduled to begin in 2021. Up at the MarketFront, Market managers are exploring ways to integrate the new space and engage locals, as well as visitors. Concerts, events such as the

Pike Place Market Foundation’s annual fundraiser, “Sunset Supper,” and daily Market activities such as farm and craft day tables provide activities for visitors. And of course, when it’s not raining, the scenery steals the show. Image: Casper Babypants.jpg Credit: Kalyn Kinomoto/PDA Caption: Kiddie rocker, “Casper Babypants,” performs for his fans in the Market Pavilion, a fundraiser for the Pike Market Childcare and Preschool. Image: Sunset on MarketFront Credit: Goodsell Photos / AV Goodsell

Other major civic projects have the PDA’s attention in addition to the ongoing activity at the waterfront-- there are projects in development to the north, east and south of the Market that will have unforeseeable impacts on the Market Historic District. These include a $1.6 million renovation to Victor Steinbrueck Park on the Market’s northern border at the MarketFront; a potential streetcar line along First Avenue that would place a major stop in front of the Market’s businesses; and the planned demolition of buildings without historic protections, such as the Hahn Building (circa 1880), located at the corner of First Avenue and Pike Street. - Insert Image of either V.S. Park or Hahn Building - How the Market continues to navigate the fast currents of Seattle’s latest boom will depend on how the PDA Council and Executive Director work to advocate for the Market’s interests at the city, county, state and federal level, work with Market stakeholder groups -- merchants, farmers, artists and craftspeople, residents, social service agencies and governing bodies-- and the citizens of Seattle. At more than 110 years strong, Pike Place Market enjoys a strong foundation built on the generations of those who worked and continue to carry on family businesses and those all across the region that have memories of shopping at the Market with their grandparents, parents and their own children today. It’s these future shoppers who will inherit Seattle’s public market and steer it into the future.