ວັນນະຄະດີ_Literature_ ຄູ່ມື

{ 7.6 soh da IPo8k’|kh d,j5 c8]j td,5j ]kp’ko8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 ojn Mxtdv[7e7fy 7egsoa D { 7-6 ,q g-pu sn^ .s7h tcoocdoj da IPogxoa [k’d,j5 sn^ [d5 7oq m]ju kp’ko c]t xtdv[7egsoa wfhfuD { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPoc8]j td,5j c]t .sh7e8v[mu4j nd8hv’D !? goNv.og;Qkg4y’dkooerk0v’rad{]af ,uco;mk’dkolbdlkmufu9bj’lk,kflhk’lk rafmtokxtgmf-kfwfhD @? govN .og;kQ g4’y ;oa mu @ moa ;kgxoa ;oa xtdkfgvdt]kf0v’xt-k-oq ]k; rvh ,doa ltgs,u^ lts^v’1kj ’g[ud[ko,;j o-onj D #? goNv.og;Qkg4y’xtgmf]k;,us^kp-qogzkqj .sh,u7;k,lk,ad7udaogxao9yf|’bj .9fP;D $? govN .og;kQ g4’y 7;k,lk,da 7.u odko8l+ Fh6 dkook[0lj6 fa 8F6 dkoxt8[y fa ;Pd’komwju fIh [a zoq leg]af c]t ,udko4vf4vo[qfIPoD &? goNv.og;Qkg4y’dkolbdlk;afmtotme c,jo,u7;k,9egxaomujl5f8+da[dkorafmtok xtgmf-kf.sdh kh ;|hkD *? lP’foq 8ugxoa lP’mguj 8nvo.s7h oq ]k;gIkq md5 7oq dkh ;gfuo8+wxmk’|kh F rvh ,doa lkh ’lkrfa mtokxtgmf-kf c]t Ida lk,o6 g-vNn voa f’u k, grvjn xdq xda Ida lkxtgmf -kf8ts^vfwxD (? goNv.og;Qkg4y’7qo]k;,us^kp-qogzqkj muIj adlk,6og-Nv7;k,lk,ad7u.odko 8+l6hlaf86F 7;k,lk,da 7uooA [+,ul’yj xP[xkowfDh )? goNv.og;Qkg4y’dkox5d]tfq,xt-k-qo.shrhv,daolk,ad7uF oa[4ndqf\\kp c]t Iuf7v’ xtgrouvoa fu’k,D _? govN .og;kQ g4’y .sxh t-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq I[u ,klk,da 7du oa lkh ’lkrfa mtokxtgmf-kf c]t Iadlk,6og-Nv7;k,lk,ad7um,uj u,kc8fj qookoD !W? goNv.og;Qkg4y’xt-k-qo]k;[aofkgzqkj mu,j u7;k,lk,ad7u c]t .sh,uoE.97Pfc7o lfa 8m6 9uj t,kId5 Ikoxk-k-oq D !!? govN .og;kQ g4’y IPdIvh ’xt-k-oq .s,h 7u ;k,lk,da 7du oa .odkoxdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’ lkrafmtokxtgmf-kfD !@? goNv.og;Qkg4y’-kf]k;gxao-kfmujgdqjkcdjmujxt-k-qo]k;wfhxqdxadIadln[mvfdao ,ks^kpgloaj 7qoc8fj bdfe[ao9qo,kIvfxaf95[aoD wfh,u7;k,lk,ad7udao lhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf -kfF fa’j 7emu;j kj radoerk ]af75h,7v’xt-k-qogxaog9QkD 49

$D dkolvoly]txtdkoc8j’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ $D! 76[aopkp c]t lqomtokdPj ;da[ly]txtdkoc8’j .shoadIPogsao;kj groyj .-hrklkmu,j u ]adltotlk,ao-qo dkoxtfyfc8’j .-hs^kpI6[c[[g-aoj G !? I[6 c[[.-dh koxP[mP[D @? I6[c[[gvqk;af45,kxP[mP[.ldj a[7qoD #? dko.-hleo;orklkg0Qk.9’kj pF ,;j oF gxaodvo]emuxj tdv[,u ( 7eF _ 7eF!!7eF c]t !( 7eS ,udkolezaf c]t gdktdkj pdaoD Xg-y’j ,aoltcf’vvd.o[qfdvo?D $D@ 768A’7e4k,.shoadIPo8v[f’aj ],5j oUG !? 9q’j -vdskrklkmu,j u]adltotlk,ao-qo.o[qfdvoltcf’vvdco;.fL @? 9’qj -vdskrklkxP[mP[;af45da[7qo .o[qfdvoltcf’vvdco;.fL #? 9’qj -vdsk7elezafdao.o[qfdvoltcf’vvdco;.fL { 7.6 soh da IPo8v[7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj Mxtdv[7e7fy 7egsoa D { 7l6 ts^[5 7e8v[m4uj nd8vh ’3fpvu’.lxj B,c[[IPoD &D dkolvo[qfvjkogruj, { [qfvkj ogru,j [qfdvo <lk,ad7u8udv’\\kdc7h’F gxufxt-kmyxtw8 w0I6okd X!_(*?< fa’j muwj fhpqd0Bo,k.oxB,c[[IPoD [qfvkj ogru,j ]h;oc8,j ugoNv.ole7ao c]t ,u75o7kj l6’ g-’yj gxao[qfIPovao]E7kj .shcd7j qogIqk1.6j ola’7q,D ltoAoF 76lvo[qfvkj ogr,uj 4kh ,ug;]k rP’r.= s7h o6 erkxt8[y fa 8k,0oA 8vodkoIPo{dkolvof’ja 0kh ’gm’y g-oja ;kj G !? 76c[’j oadIPogxao $ d5j, c]t c[’j dvolk,ad7u8udv’\\kdc7h’gxao $ 8voD @? .shc8]j td5,j g]nvd8vo.f|’bj c]h;rkdao;yg7ktD { goNv.og;kQ g4y’sp’a D { ly]txtdkoc8’j gxaoco;.f #? .sh8k’|hkc8]j td5,j ]kp’ko;Pd0v’[d5,j D $? .shd5j,vnoj xtdv[7egsaoD &? 76 c]t oadIPorkdaolts5^[zqo’ko0v’c8]j td5j,D 50

8v[7e4k,mhkp[qf.oxB,c[[IPofaj’oUG ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ !D xts;afF zqo’kodkoxtfyfc8’j 0v’oaddt;u,u7nG mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 ,uok,xkddk;kj lD gf-k gdufg,nvj ;aomu @( ly’sk !_@* 16j9a’s;afv5[qo xtgmfwm 9kdoAowfhphkp,k16j c0;’9exklad xtgmf]k;D g[Nv’8Qomkj owfh g0kQ [;fgxoa 9;q 1;j6 fa 8,+ kwfwh xldb lkIk+ IPo1[j6 k’dvdgxoa g;]k # xDu s’a^ 9kdooA mkj owfdh [a 7on ,kxtgmffh;plk,tgooF 9kdoAo mkj og]u,j I+kIPo ;ymuc8’j dk[dvooe76[kvk9koF g;]kmuj vkwl1;j6 fa mkj owfrh [q d[a 0t[;oco;]k;vfy ltst^ 1mj6 k’rkd.8Fh .og[vN ’8oQ mkj owfgh Ifa ;Pd1oj6 e |a’lnry,]k;vyflts^txt9erkd.8h0v’]k;ma’gxaolt\\Po.shcdj mkj o lumqo dq,,tfeD Ivfxu !_&W dv’xt-5,.spcj o;]k;vyflts^t wfhw00Bo16-j eg|nv c]t mkj o d=wfhIa[|hk muj37ltokvq[Iq,0v’l6odk’3fpltgrkt;Pd’ko|a’lnry,]k;vyflts^t ]q’g]ydfhkodko c8’j dk[dvoD xu !_*!{!_(! Ia[zyf-v[;Pd’ko7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfD xu !_(@{!_(* mkj o16.j o7totIa[zyf-v[;Pd’kolbdlkl6odk’D xu !_)!{!_)) gxaoIv’]af4t,qo8u X]af4t,qo8u-;j p;kj dko? dt-;’;afmtotmeD [fq dvomevfy 0v’grojy c,oj <gxoa 7oq -kf.f8vh ’Ida -kfooA < xu !_$*F 9kdooA mkj odw= flh [n 8+c8’j [qf1kj ’s^;’s^kpF [qfdv[w]ptoU,u <8hkodkod;kf]hk’<F <;oa 7Pfc7oh @! ,uok<F <xtgmf-kf0v’r;dgIkq <F <\\=1kodq dt-,5 <F <lP’gr’pk,gfyd 8hvoIa[;aomu !@ 85]k<F <9qf9e[5o75o0v’mkj o 3I9j u,yo< ovd9kdooA p’a ,xu ,B dvo]e <pkj ’lv’0kgvkq 8kwxdvj o< .ox,B dvo]ep’a ,du vo]es^kp [fq 1.j6 oooA F ];,1oj6 e g-’jy wfIh [a dkor,y vvd.o xu !_)@F 3fpltgrktc,oj [fq dvo]e <c7o]k; [+]n,g8Qk< ovd9kdoU mkj opa’wfhc8’j [qfdvoF 37’F lko8kj ’M vvdgxao9eo;os^;’s^kpD mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 wfhIa[]k’;aooaddt;u <-ywi< xt9exu @WW!F fh;p[qfdvo]e xts;fa lkf <rdy czoj foy xoU czoj 2kh 1kdgsoa |kh .sgh [’jy s’a^ < g-’jy gxoa -f5 m,ju -u ljn P’3f’j f’a .sch dj oda dt;umkj ooU 8’A c8lj tw\\8+l9h6 oq ,kg4y’[fa 9[5 oa D @? govN .o8voogU ;kQ g4’y xt-k-oq ]k;F rtoda ’koF de,tdvo-k;ok c]t r+7kh -k;0kp phvo,uradoerklk,ad7udaoxqdxadIadlk c]t lhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf-kf.shI5j’gInvj ’lu;yw] wxrhv,Mda[7;k,lk,ad7u0v’x;’-qo]k; c]t ,udko;k’czodkosaomyfmk’wx8k,p5f mtlkf7n ,urkdmyfltfu c]t xt8y[af8q;9y’.shwfhzqoleg]afm5d;Pd’koD 51

#? goNv.o0v’dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< g;Qkg4y’7;k,lk,ad7u0v’xt-k-qo]k; ,k ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ xP[mP[.ldj [a c7o g-’jy gxoa g7vjn ’foq 8xu t9e-kf .sxh t-oq ]k;,7u ;k,lk,da 7u g\\vn od[a ]d6 c7o muxj tlkodaovvd,k,ulP’mu,j ;j o-noj c]t vvo-vo c]t g;Qkg4y’dkox5d]tfq,F g8Qk3I,xt -k-qo]k;.sh,u7;k,lk,ad7udao grnjvrhv,daoxqdxadIadlkF lhk’lkxtgmf-kf.sh;afmtok 4k;vogxoa l;j o|’jb mlju e7oa grvjn xtdv[l;j olkh ’7oq .\\fj kh olt8xy oa pk c]t 9fy .9g[du [ko,;j o -noj lqf.lD lhk’.sh7qo]k;I5oj .\\,j u7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o-kf c]t xqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvly]txt ;aoot7tfuvaofu’k,0v’-kfw;h.sh\\Ao7q’D 76cotoe.shoadIPovjko[qfIPo.\\jgrnjvIPo[qf8+wxD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo l’a gdf9kdG { dko[vdxts;afsp=h0v’ mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6D { dkovkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o[qfdvo]e < c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk < D { dkovtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’[qfdvo c8]j t[qfwfh1kj ’4nd8hv’D { d;fzoq ’ko9kd;yrkd[fq dvoD { dko8v[7e4k,0v’oda IPoD 52

[qfvjkogruj, dvo]e]k;f;’gfnvo 3fpG lD gf-k ]k;gIpu K ]k;f;’gfnvoK ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ,v’ff6 ;’gfnvogr’a c]gsoa f;’9oa g8vn o.9.//j oa .s7h fb Ivf;P’9oa g,vnj 7fb Ivf;P’9oa c,oj 7fb g4y’xtgmf-kf glp-kfc8gj fu,,k oAoc,oj g]vnj ’xts;fa lkf dkpgxoa f;’9oa mt]k ot7vos^;’;P’9oa [oq mvh ’2kh l7u k, ]vp1gj6 m’y g;sk g[’jy ,oa gx’ja xtdkpg’oy ;kj ’k,c9’h K pk,g;]k;oa gr’a xk’g,vnj p’a fu c,oj -kf]k;gxoa g9kQ xtgmf-kf]kh o-kh ’ lt8t;afmu !) sk^ proa xdu kp,k g,nv’[kh o,oj5 ;kp 7fy 8tldq dkpg0kQ dE/kj p8kg;oa 8dq ]k;9’bj wfch 8d,kh ’ c-dc-’l;p.-h .9fe-E05oj 9da dtrfa 3sfIkh p g0kQ ,kxoh5 p+kpu v’a dfy gxoa 38ddq xxU ojq gzkq ]oq ladfyokltspk,.sh d;kfwx[+p’a 7kh ’ gxoa lt\\o5 I[a .-h gxoa 3ro0\\U k9vd< gxoa \\k9vdxoh5 [kh oIkoIkh pg[’jy [g+ soa ;P’9oa 4dn 9f6 9U .sgh soa [vj ovtok7fq \\fq m’a 7oq m’a 0v’ -8y kj ;7on gxoa g9kQ groyj 9’bj ;kj <;P’9oa Ikh ’ lk;gvup1kj 2kh ;;kj s^kpgoKU \\kp;kj 39orkpovd \\kdc8’-kh ’|;j pxkp c8gj rojy p’a g;kQ gooA ]k;[+8kpwx\\fq groyj g;kQ ;kj G gsoa ;kj ;P’9oa glkQ g,vn ’]k;gIkq p’a -3y x[h kfs^kh 53

\\kp7;k,;kj lf5 mkh p gffa 0kf]k;gIfa rdy 0|U c6 o;gzfa [s+ vj odkpgxoa d;h p 4dn Id5 Iko.zd7= fb ;kj Ikh pK 7oq ]k;dg= xoa -kf ;]y t-oq l[n g-vN gdvn dvh o[+svj os;ko 0t[;odko8+8kh o wflh [n 8+]Po8fy gxoa dtclco;7fy l;j o[+]n,;P’wfh ot7vos;^ ’;P’9oa dkpgxoa 9oa mt]kwmgh fvn o.lcl’lts;kj ’ dkpgxoa loa pt]da xtgmf]k;gvdvkh ’ gxoa gr’Ivh ’,;j os6 gxoa gr’]k;lk;gvpu K gxoa gr’]k;g9kQ -[h6 ,+ lu ’jy ’k,g\\vn o gxoa gr’]k;f;’gfvn o g]vjn o]vp1[j6 oq 2kh DDD \\kp7;k,;kj xt-k-oq ]k;.-h ;oa otdegfuodvj o grvjn gxoa cl’ltmvh o xd5 roN .s8h ojn 8;q lhk’lt8y-kfw;h .shgxaoc;oj 1gj6 ;sk ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ sP^ ;gsoa gfvn og8vn o.9]k;md5 g;]k [+vkfs^q’]n,wfh cfocs’j 9aomt]kwmh ,k8r5 ,6 g-vN gzkjq 7on my kozgh6 4kQ g7pu g;kQ l2j6 ’a D gryoj g;Qk;kj c8dj vj or5hopa’,ug,nv’.sp8j A’ 16cj 7,/a’j otmumko ,udecr’xtdko c;f]t;a’;q’8hkp 4dn rtpk,koIkh p d,5 roa pda .spj g0kQ ,k-u’37[wfh g,nv’[kh ofkj ocfo xt-k-oq md5 c7oh clocl[lf5 xt,ko c8[j +,u.zsko pkf-u’gvkq 7nowfh g,vnj oAo pa’,uok’7kowmh 9aomk’k,lts’kj xtlf6 ]d6 zgh6 d’ja dkh gxoa co;g-vN |-+ kp zgh6 xoa vkh p IPd-;jn kj l3u s ,ude]’a .sp3j 8 \\,j6 ko0k,1kh o l3u scI’xko]kh o rkplko[c+ 8d8kj ’ gryoj 9b’j ;kj <lusk]kf ]hko-hk’MK< c8xj k’ooA 8+,k 54

zmh6 lu v’gd’ja dkh IPo-;nj kj lyow- ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gxoa ]d6 -kplkp.9 cs’j ok’]o5 sk^h gdfu 0oB ,krP’rvh , l3u svkh pruj lyow-,ugffdkh gxoa |kh ’fb ]tvk gxoa |+co;,tof5 gdfu 0oB ,k,|u kh vvd,kc8.j omvh ’ groyj zoh6 U 3]frkpxnovk;f5 fk;7,q 7Po7kf mtol6 vocl’’kh ; laf86wfh-p6j k, mluj k,kf8+l6h IPd-;jn kj l’a mv’ skdc,oj svpdvpdPh ; zmh6 lu k,ovh ’sk^h [d+ [a 7on 7v’gdkjq ,lu u.lIv’M 0tspkpdkh ;xPj ocx’ dkh ;gxoa dP;soa 0oB I6hIvj ,mk’gfuo sao[+15f[+g-qk oa[,Nl6’-adw-h 3-dw-rkp|kh l3u sgxoa cI’.spj ,us68klts;kj ’c9h’ 8kcd;h rfa c,oj l’a wxl76j ;k,9tg]uo dk’rtok.oxkj o[a m’a lk,[kmkh ; 8k’g0kQ .sp,j k loy w-gxoa fk[dkh xP[f’ja f;’8k rkdoa gokq cI,I’A I+cr’mt|v,]Ph ’ dyozt]k \\kdw,h 7;k,fu.sh-b,-k[ g,vn ’[kh ol2j6 ’a o[a m’a lk,vkh povh ’ 7k;pda d,5 roa 9oa mt,kfkIda ,k37[-’u g,vn ’[kh o wflh ’jq lP’lvo-U gvkq vk|9u kd g]kjq ltrk[md5 fkh o 7oq dg= lkQ s’;j ,gs’kq d5flts^kf]k-k g]kqj 7on ,k8’A c87j ’A c,oj [+,u7eg;Qk z3h6 ]3r3,soa m’a sdq wxsk-vd [’a 7[a 7,5 9[a v,h6 mPj ;skdoy 8’A c8gj skQ^ o[a c8vj krkdroQ g,kq ];Q ]onj xt,ko l;j o;kj rtpkg9Qk \\fq lt8yxoa pk l’aj .s]h k-t[f5 g9kQ d[= v+ vd[g+ 0kQ 55

l’jq wxIPod;= kj 7kh o [+Ivh6 kj ovv= k wfch 8rj P’dd= k l;j o8;q g8,a 8h6 [+skowxg];lh6 -’u gvkq vk7on 7v[ ,uc8rj kdoa 9v[ dyog’yo8k7kj 9kh ’ g];gsk^Q 8,jn g,kq g,vnj wfhpyoc,gj ;kQ ]N,g]kjq 7on s’a^ l’a loy w-l3u s 7Pfg7,a g8,a c7oh rkdoa ;k’czodh6 -u’gvkq vk3fpf;j o 9af0t[;o8+l6h fh;pxno’hk;dt[ufj k; l’a mv’soa [kfdkh ; gfuof;j ov;omk’ loy w-gfou .9dk’ c[dxon rkp’kh ; l3u s4dq 0kdkh ; 8k,s’^a czoj fyos,^jq mkh ;m’a sdq pkj ’d,Q 8k,loQ loja lkp r=c8wj xIvf9kh p gs;8kf8uor6 ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ -Ewxgsoa rtpk’6 .spsj ^;’-;’dhk ,kp=7=0;k’|kh vfa mk’8oa xvj ’ ,v’g[’yj s;q ,oa 3]fl’6 ]onj roQ xkprkh ;-;jq 8ko 8kgsv^n d,kh o xko;kj w2cf’ co,g[’jy gdfa gxoa cl’ fkj ’fef6Ihkp mkh ;m’a sdq ltgfuf8kpd;q 1kh o [+sko,no8k8+ 9oq wf0h =14j6 kh 7k7kh ’]ts;kj ’mk’ c8;j kj .sh176j kh ’ dk’xkj rfa d;q glvn [vd.sdh [a 7on g,vn rfa ;kj s^q’mk’c]h; f’ja ooA 9’jb 9egxoa 8vh ’.slh u3scd;h xt9edkocfofkj o ]t;a’wrm5dfhko c/’g/kQ Ida lk l;j o;kj mhk;lyow-s^a’9kd.-hfk[dhk 8af0kf7=’6 [aosk,yflaf86 cpddoa 9tc9’h c];h 9’jb cp’wx|kh l’a mv’gfou dvj o lyow-9vof’j5 foA oeovh ’[+4vp 56

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f’ja ooA f,q [f+ ,q dt-2y oa pv,[p+ v,dt-0y kh 8kp1xj6 kj f’q 7tpv,ocU ];h g,nvj oAo lyow-.9vqfvv, 7vj p;k9kg;kQ 8v[;kj gIqkwfhfq,cmh dyoj sv,me,t-kf xu;wx8k,vkdkf .z[+vkf1bfw;h gxoa g9kQ l;j o8;q [+,u.z]vh ,I;Q vkdkfw;mh oa .9 3fp[+pv,.slh yow- dkj ;9k9oq c];h rtpkmvodfa c0;h 8kcf’3fpg]nvf d;afcd;’j 8k;g’nvf’kh ; 7t3p’g8oA gzoja 2oa c8;j kj rhv,daooAo lyow-wfhltdafdAo w;h1kj ’sao.9 gIaf.shmvosq;w4 cmdrtsou ]kh o ]’q wx7ko7k[spkh fq,fyofYofkj ;M ,nd=s^f5 9kd’kh ; 8k;d=2’Q s^f6 ,n 7d= 4= dn 8fa IN cxogxkjq \\fq vk;f5 ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rtpkmvosq;df5 c]oj |[u g+ soa loQ s’a^ 9kdgvkq 8oq lh6 d[a lfa 8m6 =]t]kf xk[veokf-;qj Ikh p dkproQ fkj o7tpv, lyow-fu.9rvh , m’a 7fb m’a gfuo 0oB wxrg6 0kq g’oy s^egsoa s=cd;h .olt4koc4;shv’ clolt[kpskp3ld ,ug7vnj ’vx5 t3rdF [=]y3rd,kd]oQ [+9oq wIlh ’yj .f ,gu 7vjn ’doy g7vjn ’.-h l[a rtl’yj ld5 fy[ ];h oc8gj xoa 0v’m[y 1kj ’fmu ’a ooA 3fp[+,-u oq -oA doy ot]kI;,\\j6 doy ot]gu 9kQ -h6 8kl’Y ]+k,v’ loy w-Ida I[6 ovh ’ ok’-9jn P’7e oe;y4ug4y’9f5 [vj oxtl’q g]’a -U .olt4koc4;oU v5fq,fu,uI’aj ,ultra’[;doE g8a,8’B g8kjq xk 58

8kg;oa roQ 0v[2kh .llvj ’cl’mv’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ co,g[’jy [;q g8,a |v’ c0’j doa [ko[kh ’ -,5 \\oj6 k’lk;g-vN doy ot]]u ’q mkj ok’dw= 0dk[vkh [ko[kh ’c0’j [;q ok’okfdoy ok]u co,g[’jy govn fMgovN \\]j6 t[e]e2hvo ,us^kp-’q ^s^kplu lyow--tot.spj rkdoa v;prvo.sh vk2hk;8kj ;,k 0=.sh-u’pkfwfh g4’y g;]kvkh p,kIvf ovh ’9t7v’7vp4kh zv’gmkQ -;jq -;u kDDD c]t 0=0vfIadvkh p 0oB fkj odoa fko [vj o[I6 kog7pu g;kQ vvd9kdooA loy w-gfou [d5 |kh lt\\f5 3mpk;pkj o g4’y mtg]l’q lko cfo2kh 8d+ oa l’a mv’cx’ltgrkq 0kh , 8fa zkj vk3x ,v’wxgsoa Iv[fkh o xyoj wxw;2hk; mtg]s^;’Ivf/’ja ltgrkq soa 9oA M 8oa |kh zkj o8k ;k3prfa zklkfd,5 roa r=7k;,,Q g0kQ l3j6 I’.osvh ’ co,gsoa l’6 8ts’kj o8’A vvdgxoa 7;oa ’vh ’ws’j 2’a .dch ,oj pda doq ooA c,oj pvf-+2kh pk,pda ovos[a^ loy w-gvkq 8oq zoa vvd9kd,ko,-y kh 2’a poy 3ddMdvh ’ 0v’8oq 8’A c8gj dkjq xko;kj 2kh zkj w,h ],n zkh czoj ltw[ 0v’ryglfm’a lk, loy w-g0kQ -vd7oQ vvd9kd,ko,-y kh I[a gvkq vkv;o|u 1zj6 k9;’4Ecvoj vkwfh8y]n,-hv’ ],n m’a xfa xojy gdkQ s’^a 9kdvkgvkq wfh lyow-8k,gvkq vk wxdP,8;q 7vp4kh 59

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.90kffUo 8kp0v[8oa sk ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 8kppvh o7;k,3]rk [+v,ju r=skdrumvh ’ vx5 t,kg\\nvox’h5 x,6 rk,ru3rf 9oq mvh ’3xfc8d8,j5 8kpc];h 9’jb ;kj r= -5,l+klaflk pda d,5 roa 8kpc];h l’jq lP’3IIvh ’ ltdo6 kooa govn ’ lyow-lusk]kf l;j o;kj la’mv’wmh xtlq’]kh ’gsvnj w7 rkdoa ]q’vk[oE w--totlq’7k, -onj [koskodkh oa[c8-j u’pkfwfh vk]oa pkIk;xkj ;y]t-qoma’lk, wrd;hk’l;kj ’;vo rkdoa v;ovk0kh , g,vn ’okdok7u -q,[5[zk-kfw,h lvj ’.lcl’cd;h ,t3s]udt9[a xuj rkdoa 9vomPj ;soY^ ]e2vh ovvj oc0o -;nj kj lu-P’mv’ 7[a 7’ja .oot7vo s^kpco;s^Yo -onj [ko0kog;kQ ,\\u lj6 k;okdovh p lk,da 7cu |oh cdoj pon \\oA -;jq o]y oa xt-k-oq okdc|oh foA f;j ogfuofq’ 2’a 7elvolyow- pkd-kwx-kh 9tI;j ,doa gxoa g9kQ l’6 -oa clo]oja Ida lkcfookdw;h soa |kh loj6 t7vo gvkq r;dm’a sdq vvd9kdsoA o’ja ovo7vp]kh gfou 8k,r’q wr|k 7on skxkh c,j ,cu 8rj z6 k0oA 7vpmkh ;8kj ;,k ]’q 9kdr|6 ;j po-U Erfa 0oB |;j pooA rkdoa wxc;8j vh o 1[j6 vj o8ou r’6 6 c];h dr= kdoa 2kh ; 9oa mt]ks^kh -vh p 61

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,uc88j oq fP;wfh rvh ,r;dm’a sdq rkdoa v;ovkpdq pkj ’mk’7k;.dh rg= ,vjn wxg4y’gmkQ gs;suos;h p8kf 2’a poy lP’c8d8vh ’ 38omkh ’7ojn g7’a oEooA wsg^ 7’A M ]’q [vj o7vo8dq ]k-t[5fm’a sdq 7yf7toy’1.j6 omvh ’ 7fb c];h xv’cx’g0kQ sklyow-1.j6 d/h ’ja 3ffg0kQ -d5 mk’s’^a loy w-8dq lcj6 d’h gs;Ikh pIvj ,-oa s’a^ 9kdooA Ivh ’IPdskwl d[= +gsoa loy w- 8v[0korf= U vk;5ffuxno’hk; 8k;7q,d=9q,xvf [g+ soa /vf/;jy 2’Q 206 oB .s]h +kc] poy c8lj P’dtcloE 8edoa f’a lt|oja ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ lf5 mvju k3lddoA gIwsIh +kwI ;kj 3vo=K gfuomk’,kIvf.dh g,nv’c,,j k85r6, rvpg]kjq lo6 glpsk^ o 9kdwxxk’c7oh 7vh ,I+kc];h ok’wfch 0;o\\kpw;h 0v’loa pkxtl’q lPj ’ g,vjn skdp’a [+lPh ’ -u;’a wfsh ^+kgsoa .slh yow-s^udg;oA vvd9kd7;k,zyf voa mrju k.sgh lp]yf gffwxxk’oU moa mumkh ; ma’sdq g;kQ ;kj fP;oUvkgvupvkK lyow-8kp7da c];h ws^oE]vj ’|u 8c+ 8|j U m5dl;j o,=]tfqd 8qd1.6j o,nc,; [s+ vj o||6 ru oQ 1kj wfh;qo;kpwsh oezu8kp[+gxoa mkj vkgvupK gIkq I[u wx1kj -kh 7on g0kQ loj6 t7vo g;kQ c];h g|[a 8Pj ;9vh o 0fa fk[gfuomk’ pkfdoa wxmk’dk’ |;j p8k0k;,kh o [kfwxg4y’c7,[kh o -kog,nv’,,Q xkj .zd-= ’u vvd|kh ltcf’dkh gd’ja sko 63

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8k,oa m+\\kdrkh ; sq;,aom+.[0k, ,u;y-klq’7k, 9’bj 7vj pg];,oa crh rtpkg;Qkglu,0Bo;kj G r5f3mcmhK [g+ 7pu gsoa gxoa 8k|kj p ’v6 suj p’a lkh ’Ikh p s;q ovh pd;kj cdoj 8kL 8k,c88j oq g7pu 0kh gsoa ,k,,u kd skd[7+ cn [[ooA dp= ’a 1kh o1[j6 +g-kq s;q ,oa m+wsgs^kQ 8k,oa 1m6j k’.o .ld;kj 8kc,;3r’ rd+ g= ];,oa crh 9’a c,oj l,q Mcmh ]k-t[5fl5flts^kf gxoa mkpkfl[n lkh ’ xk’gIvN r+rtpk clov[a vkp0kp|kh oe]d6 ,tgslu 9oa mt]kgm;u gdfu ,k3]fgxoa -kh ’ ]d6 0v’ok’]o5 skh^ rfa gxoa svp8vh p8+k ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ zmh6 luj k,cI’j -E ltrkp’kh ;gduf,k w;ptdk;kj Ikh p \\=soq ;kj g0fa 0;’ rvh ,doa m;’m’a 0= ;kj .shgvqkwx0hk r9uj ’jb [oa -k.sh g0kq gvkq wxxo5 xvj p 9oa mt]ksk^h -vh p dw= xrvh ,r+kdoa rtpkg;kQ IvfsoA vkgvdl,5 o5 mk ,uoE8k-b,ws^ vvd,kg8,a g[kQ ok’wfmh o6 rtpkg9kQ ;kj lv’lugvNvpruj lts;affu1\\6j Ao rao-Ao[+s;oja ws; l;j o;kj ]d6 cdoj wmh zxh6 tglufm’a lk, wx8+8ul’q 7k, I;j ,doa 2oa fkh ’ ma’lyow- ma’lu3s]hko-hk’ la’cl’c9h’lts;kj ’ rkdoa grzkj ,kh ’ ,koIkh pc];h 8kj ;,k rkdoa s;kh ppkj ooE rkdoa 0kh ,pkj o2kh ,kIvfmk’7[q 8dq s;kj ’8uor’6 6 9’jb 7vj pgsoa -,5 oU g;kQ c];h gvkq ,n-U wxmk’sdq mkj o mruj ;,8kgsv^n d,kh o ,on g,kQ g[’jy doa 65

grkt;kj g;]kooA .zdo= ’ja 2’a 7da g]vjn ’loy w-g];pda .sp3j 03,Ikh p 2’a g[’jy c];h ,oa 3]fdkp7;k,Ih6 0v’8oq 3fp8ts^vf ;kj 38g];c,’’vf groyj rfa xk[pda Ikh p dkp]E]noj 38 c8xj koooA mkh ;m’a sdq dp= ’a g;kQ 8v[38h ok[0xj6 tlkolP’ rvh ,doa --6 4u P’ ;kj c88j qowfhg];l6h [g+ 7pu gsoa g7pu Ih6 loy w-9da lt|vj p xt8yglfvvh p8vh p 7;k,g;kQ cs’j vk 4P’doa wxdoa ,k 9oq rtpk[+Ih6 9t7fb vkj oxtdko.f 9da -gy vkq 7;k,.z 3]f[+,mu k’cdh mkh ;m’a sdq 4ncrh 7,5 vkok[0j6 ltrk[dko8+lh6 0fa cp’h cdpj k; 9’ja ;kj 9da dkj ;1vh o 7noIvflyow- ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 8qd]q’gs; 4nddtcl-qows^ raf]q’g,nv.8h ws^wx7kh ’ 7kg2nvpw7rh ,j5 okd,k-6-;j pv,h6 gvkq mkh ;m;j ’moa okd1.j6 ocs’j ooA ovh ’.sp.j 9fu m’a ok7kok7u okd7e,krh= okdwfph [= kmkh ; loy w-0oB /’ja lyow-d[a 8kj ;8’A wxskcd;h cdoj vk c8;j kj wxs^hk-hk 9’jb [+r[q gsoa vk gsoa c80j v’loa pk mvju k\\kpw;h ok’wfhvtmy4ko.-h 0v’lulk,l’yj w,hxoyj -vh ’ m’a zkh czoj ltw[ lyow-degvkq wfh 7no7v[,kfk 7nowxsklu3s3’wxskl’a mv’ 4vf4vo7;k,Ih6 dPj ;d[a dkoxtlkolh6 ,[u fq IPovoa g9[a cl[ lkh ’gxoa ]t[P[w;h rkp|kh |;j ’,ko 66

[+;kj pk,lq’7k, [+;kj pk,g,nv’[hko g0Qkl76j ;k,lts’q[ lk,de]a’8hv’lq,mq[ 3-dw-9’bj ,uwfh ,ulyow- ,ulu3sIP’0hk’ l’a mv’gfou dvj o s’^a 9kdwf4h vf4vogvkq [fq IPogskj^q ooA ,kg0kQ llj6 t\\v’ c]h;9’bj 2hk;l’qj -vh ’ xda xoyj m’a ltw[ g0kQ wx.og,nv’s^;’ f;j o3fpltgrkq 7kh [oa okdko4;kpwmh rtpks^;’d5flts^kf xtdkf\\kp[vdc9’h lyow-mhk;-y8kj ;,k rtpkmvfrtgofw,h xoyj .splj tw[[k’ gsoa -vh ’z,q 0v’ok’ dc= o.j 9xt9da c9’h gxufltcf’8+|kh glokvk,kf .z[+vkf7fa 7kh o 4P’wfmh +wp dq’doa 0kh ,F r=c8sj ^P;gsoa w,h xoyj .spxj tdkpcl’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gsaoltw[lucf’ lvj ’cl’xtlko-vh ’ mkh ;m’a sdq 3vpIvh ’ 7efP;],Q 8’jb K rkdoa 8dq 8’ja 8’B K 8k7kh ’xkj ’’kj ’s’kp l;j o;kj dE/kj pg[Nv’ [kj ;wrgj lok dl5 t3]]k-k -ojn -,q oyp,q pvh ’ md5 \\xj6 v’fv’g8kQ 3I,doa [oA .spj o[a c8gj |vn Ivf.8h g8,a c|oh v’ja ot7vo gxuf0t[;oI[a 8vh o xkh c,9j oa mt]k mwuj fdh [a 7no,k c8xj kj fq’rq’w,h m’a lyow-lu3srvh , l’a cl’c9’h lts;kj ’ lts^v’vkgvdvkh ’ xk’ooA ,;j os^kp oUcs^t8vo,;h omkh p oymkog]vnj ’loy w- vkf9tc8’j 0Bo.o7k;ltw\\ -kf]k;gxoa g,vn ’0oB f;h p9yf.91kd226 No 7on gxoa gvdt]kf [+.s-h kf8+k8vh p gxoa 0vh pcs’j .z 67

oadxkf]k;xtfyf.-h 7exP[xyflt|k c8’j gxoa g]vjn ’loy w-oegvkq vk w87j v’l’a ]Ph ; vkzfh6 P;[+,su ^kpvkgvoU c,oj v=vkgvdt]kf grvnj lk,kf8+lh6 8vh ’vu’vkh ’g’vjn ow0 groyj 4n;kj 1kdd6hgvdt]kfwfh 8hv’co.llj k,[oa sk [oa sk|’jb c,oj lt8yxoa pk m;j ’moa soa dkh ; [oa sklv’c,oj xno’hk; vk;5fmu,j uveokf [aosklk,c,oj gfaf0kflk,ad7u0vf\\Ao xtdaowfh3-dw- \\kp7;k,;kj 1kddgh6 vdt]kfwfh 8hv’xtdv[lk,de]a’ ,ude]a’dkooe oAoc,oj la’ltcs;’dhk; ,du e]’a dv’m[a z9h6 [a xon 4’n kh ; c,oj lyow-g-a’veokf ,ude]’a co;3I,cs’j -kfc,oj lu3s]kh o-kh ’ lfa 816 kh o1vj o0k, lk,de]a’c,oj lk,fkh o .o0vf[oa skfP; ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ,oa r;q roa d,q dP; [+cpdwddoa wfh v5xt,k\\kpw;h 0v’lulk,l’yj w,hxoyj -vh ’ m’a zkh czoj ltw[ czoj ltw[c,oj m’5 w-oe|kh v;orkwxdvj o xda xoyj c,oj w,7h vh o 7tgoou 8kh o8vj p,ko l;j o;kj -hv’c,oj ]hko de]a’.sp,j tsk-qo v5xt,ko,;pzq, 0vflkodoa g0kQ g\\vn of’ja gdlkgdkQ lk;]k;’k,7vj ’ 7hv’xtfa[fh;pcdh; 7eg0A,lvj ’.l \\kp7;k,;kj xt-k-qo0vf\\Ao xoA cdoj lk,da 7u ,u]yfmyde]’a cI’ [+vkfroa ]tokwfh xP[.ldj ’q 9da cd;h ztgfafdkode,t-u[ gxoa ]t[[q cdoj dkh lk,|kh |’jb [oa sk rda oerkxP[.lzj kh m5’.splj tw[cf’ ]fa 7,h5 7v’7,q c0’ xP[f’ja gsda^ 7fa gdkQ xt-k-oq gxoa g9kQ xP[g\\vn oclo-vh ’.spj lk,l’yj r;q roa doa [+vkf8fa cpdwfh g\\vn odkpgovN cs’j zfh6 P; 68

lk,rkdl;j odkpgovN c,oj s;q 8yf8+d[a 7= 7r= fa 8fy d[a 7’u [+skj ’wddoa wfh 4kh ;kj .odkpgovN 7’u 7[= +8fy 8+ 7u’d=wxr=7u’ 7=d=wxr=7= pa’c8sj q;0=hs^=h 3]fdoy g0kQ d[= g+ xoa f’aj oAo groyj 9’bj .ssh ^udg;oA ]fa mygvdt-oq vkfpklfy 0o5 gldy --y d5 ]’q gs;Ikh p 7ln oy w-8dq cd’h gs;-oa c8xj k’dvj o pvh o;kj lk,vkh povh ’ [+wxrvh ,r+kfP; l;j o7e;kj gfuo8k,7v’la’]hP; \\kp7;k,;kj 2oa 3]f [+wf]h =v=ch vh wx0=’=8h +z.h6 f xP[.ldj ko8+lh6 d-h6 kf]k;gIkq [+;kj .o7k;.f .sp3j 8 s^n ohvp o[a ;kj \\fq vvh p8vh p ];h oc8gj vkq degofu ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gdufd[a vk;f5 rvh , [+pv,g;kQ vonj wd voa oUcs^tc,oj lyow-gduf0Bo gxoa |+co;,tof5 xtdv[d[a vk;f5 vvd,kc8.j omvh ’ gxoa meov’7eg;kQ xyflt|k2’a pkd vdu 1kj ’|’jb grojy ;kj okd.spoj vh p r;dgIkq I1h6 kj ’fu 7e;kj okd1.j6 omouj U c,oj zvh6 vdcI’’ko ,tsk-qowrlko c,oj okd7em’a ooA 4;n kj gxoa -oq -oA lk,oa 4kh o8+k [+c,oj okdso^Y oE m7ju oq Ilh6 ;j os^kp .oomy ko8vomkh pc,oj [oA okdltf’h5 gxoa [oA [vj o8volts[^5 grvjn 9txd5 ]k;]d5 8ts^vfg|nvl5f.8h pd5 ltw\\,kg4y’c];h g,nv’]k;-yc9’h I’j5 7e;kj okdltf5h’ c,oj ]k;2No8onj 8;q groyj 9’bj ;kj 3vo=K r=g,nvj 2hklts;kj ’c9h’ g[upg[ud[q;]trkr5hog1uK o[a c8rj m6 vo]o5 ]k-t]’q ]kwmh rtds= v[roq zkh p rz6 ksk^ psoja^ ,t3ookfwmh m;j ’/oA /kj ps’a^ DDD 69

l;j o;kj r;d-;qj Ikh p pda .spzj ,u ko ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ \\kpg4’y /’5 Id5 Iko 37[-’u g,vn ’[kh o vud1kj ’|’jb 7e[I6 kog7upg;kQ xtok,39orkpovd gxoa \\k9vdg0kQ [kh o Ikoxoh5 0,jq doy 1.6j ofyocfofhk; ]k;gIkq 7k;dvj o g[’jy ,oa svogskjq Ivh ’ lP’dvh ’ooju oa 9a’j ;kj ;P’9aoIhk’ gxoa 3ro0\\uh k9vd [kf,oa |vu vdroQ [m+ oq ,Ph ovoa gokjq g\\oa -Erfa c,oj vsuj ^u 7fy ;kj grojy g;kQ gs^Ao 9kd]k;gIkq c];h r;dId5 Ikox[q |u l’a 7,q voa [f6 gokjq 9oq [+moq -xy fa cz;h g,qk,Q;l;j o8q; 7ln ’a 7,q [-6 kg’oy gxoa rtg9kQ l[6 /ojy doy -k 9vd39oc87j k;dU gxoa oda g]’oda ];Q 0v’[+fgu ,vn ’ovd l’yj gsk^qj oU ]h;oc8cj ,oj vk9,q \\k I[u cz;h -;j pdoa gxoa 9dy 3d I[y xU xt8y;fa dkozt]yf w]\\j k9vdvvdc];h 1kj ’[+,u1f5 1’A 8P,8;q 8kh oxk[ lk,da 7gu xfu [oA -,y k,kh ’d+d;o fkh odkog,vn ’co;7fy lk,xtgrfde]’a ,ult8y]t;a’8A’ ]kf]k;.sh,aodhk; /’5 \\,j6 ko[k[[kh .og;]kvoa .d,h + [vj ogIvn ’c9’h lvj ’cl’ lhk’.sfh u7q[4;h o p5d.\\,j tskw- mhv’4oyj ma’mtskos^;’ cooj vo7k;oU gIaf.shw;c;o2hk; c8]j k;gIkq /oa w/j 7bf9twfhrq[r=h -u’dch6 9,j rt9oa .zdg= soa 7da c9’h c,oj pd5 ]k;lu;yw] s^kpIvh pxu,kc];h 9da m+.f8+lh6 70

]k;.//j oa \\kp\\oA .oco;7yf9yf.9 .ooymkolyow- l+ltcf’cp’-U gryoj ;kj ,ult4kod;hk’ clolt[kpskp3ld ,ug7vnj ’vx5 t3rd [=]y3rd,kd]oQ [+9oq wIlh ’yj .f lyow-Ida okfwmh ok’-9nj P’7e vaooAo pa’c,oj ok,,tme[+mao,u8q;9y’ c,oj c87j e/oa ]kh ok’9P’7ec,oj \\kpg4’y 9P’|kh rkdtl6o.shwx-nj 95fxtlq’[’qj -U \\kp\\oA c,oj rt9oa 9oq ;kj ,kIvf[oA ,urda oerk 9’jb 7vj pg4’y g;]k pkfgvkq rt9aowfh 8fa lyo.9-oq lh6 lk,ly[xud-h6 kf 9b’j lk,kfd;kf]kh ’ ,koIkh pzkj p|u 8dq ,kIvf,NoU |kh m.uj \\gj \\ktl,q ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ lkh ’l’a 7,q oyp,q .s;h vj ’w;c;o2hk; .sh,aofu,aodkh ; g,nv’]k;]t[v[.\\j lu;yw]Iv[fkh o l,q -oA -]nj k; glf4tdyfdt3ffdhk; 7P’7dj6 komtsko m’a dkog,vn ’co;7fy cdoj c0’cI’dkh grvjn Ida lkxdq xvh ’ xt7v’]k;0k;ltvkf 7nm5’-kf;kfw;h rt9oa c9’h l’jq cl’ 7qo]k;.\\j d=cI’.llvj ’c9h’ ’k,ly’j f;’rt9ao Ida -kfcr’r’q roa gzkjq 8oq g|vn .8h ,uoE.9.ld;hk’ lkdqode,t-u[ skh mt;u[czdj 5h, d;,s5h,mq;j wx o[a m’a \\fq -da w-h -k;zvh6 vdcI’’ko ,tsk-oq voa wrlko c,oj \\]j6 k;m’a ooA lk,da 7du oa lkh ’ l’a 7,q 3]d.\\j Ida lkloa 8ry k[w;h pon \\oA 8ts^vfdko 71

]k;[+1f5 1vj o1kh o pkdp’yj xko.f d=-y8fa lyo.9 I;j ,doa gxoa g9kQ lk,da 7du oa lkh ’ g,vn ’]k;.s3h ]d-kj .s,h oa 3x[h kfs^kh \\kdc8’-kh ’|;j pxkp ]k;gIkq -u’pkfwfh w--tot3fprad xt-k-qoxt8y;af gxoa zoh6 e,kc];h fP;oU.l7ncd;h co;mk’c9’h lts;kj ’ rda wf;h k’Iv[fkh o xtlkolkh ’lvj6 oa 8fa loy .9g-vjn \\oA gfuof;j o8k,rda 8hv’wfhlq,7;k,,ad cooj vo|da gooA ]k;8vh ’gxoa ]k;dkh ; ]k;7]n k;gfoja 7gn fvn ogr’a gfoja 2kh fk;]vh ,dvj ,c/’ luoko;o ]k;f;’gfnvooa[,Nf;j oK 9tg]ou dkh ;KMKMKD ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 72

I[6 c7o]k; 73 ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລຂິ ະສດິ

I[6 7oq gxkqj c7o 74 ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລຂິ ະສດິ

[qfmu $ dv’raomulv’ lD [5[zko5;q’ g;]k !W -q;j 3,’ I. 95fxtlq’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { [vdxts;afsp=h 0v’mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’wfhD { vtmy[kp7;k,gxao,k0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< wfhD { vtmy[kpgoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< ma’ $ gs^A,wfhD { vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgsfdkomugj duf0Bo.o8vomu7j af,kIPowfhD { fegouodko;yrkd[qfot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< 8vo7af 8vomu ) gs^ah,mu I wfhD { g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoxtfyfc8’j wfhD II. goNv.o8Qo8= { [k’95fdPj ;da[oadxtrao lD [5[zko5;q’D { goNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< ma’ $ gsA,D { goNv.oot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< 8vomu ) gs^ah,mu ID III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xB,c[[IPo c]t 76,j n76;y-k;aoot7tfu -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj { xB,ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< ma’ $ gs^A, X4hk,u? { I[6 rk[m’jq wssuoD { I[6 rk[0v’dv’roa mlu v’4vovvd9kdm’jq wssou IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dkooeg0kQ l[j6 fq IPoG { 7o6 eg0kQ l[j6 fq IPof;h pdkom;o7no[fq IPogdkjq D { dkom;o7no[fq IPogdkjq 786 ’A 7e4k,3fpvu’.lgj oNv.o0v’[fq IPozkj o,kD { dvj o9tg0Qkl6[j qfIPo.\\7j 6vkf9tltg|u];,MdPj ;da[ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< s^n [qfvonj M mruj ;q raoda[[fq IPoD 75

!D dkolvo[k’95fdjP;da[oadxtrao c]t 7;k,gxao,k0v’ot;toypkpdv’rao ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ mulv’D { 746 k,oda IPo;kj G !? oadIPog7upwfhpyo-0nj v’mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’ [=L @? g7pu vkj ox,B g]vjn ’0v’grojy [L= { 76.shoadIPo8v[8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 7l6 tg|xu ts;fa F rk]tdfy dkoxtffy c8’j c]t zoq ’ko[k’9f5 0v’oda xtroa .soh da IPo 2’a D { 7l6 tg|u7;k,gxoa ,k0v’ot;toypkp dv’roa mulv’.soh da IPo2’a D { 7[6 oa pkp3fpv’u .lgj ovN .o8k,x,B c[[IPogrvjn .soh da IPog0kQ .9D { 7l6 oq mtokd[a oda IPo8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q 1.j6 osvh ’IPoD { 786 A’7e4k,.soh da IPo8v[f’aj ],j5 oUG !? mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’ gdufg,nvj ;aomu gfnvo xu .fL 16.j lL @? mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’ ,uok,xkddk;kj co;.fL #? rkps^a’gsfdko;aomu _})}!_*W mkj oIa[|hkmu1j 6.j lL gIafspa’L $? mkj o wxIPo;y-koadxtraomouj t7vos^;’Ikj 3ohp.oxu.fL gIafspa’L &? c8xj u !_(& mkj o,u|hkmuIj a[zyf-v[spa’L *? .oxu !_)W mkj o,u|hkmuIj a[zyf-v[spa’L (? c8xj u !__W{!__& mkj o,u|hkmu7j nco;.fL )? mkj o wfhIa[]k’;ao<-uwi<.oxu.fL ot;toypkpg]nvj ’.fL 16.j lL _? mkj o wfhxtfyfc8’j ot;toypkpma’\\qf9adg]nvj ’L ,ug]nvj ’.fcfLj { 7.6 soh da IPo8v[7e4k,8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 7.6 soh da IPozvj6 ojn xtdv[7egsoa gr,ju 8,jn D { 7-6 ,q g-pu sn^ .s7h tcoocdoj da IPogxoa d,j5 sn^ [d5 7oq m]ju kp’ko c]t xtdv[7egsoa wffh Du { lf5 mkh p7l6 ts^[5 7e8v[.soh da IPo[oa mdb gvkq w;Dh !? mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’ gdufg,nvj !# g,lk !_@& 16jmu[j hko g-3xo g,nv’ g-3xo c0;’ lts;aootg0fD @? mkj o l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’ ,uok,xkddk;kj lD [5[zko5;q’ s^n -kpg-3xo #? rkps^a’gsfdko;aomu _})}!_*W mkj oIa[|hkmu1j 76j a’w0 c0;’-P’0;k’F mkj owfh IP[IP’ c]t 0Po[qfs^kpmluj 5fD 76

$? mkj o wxIPo;y-koda xtroa mouj t7vos^;’Ikj 3oph .oxu !_(WF mkj owfh 0Pog]vnj ’loA ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ c]t oa[c8oj Ao,k[aofk[qfxtraoxt8y;af0v’mkj owfhmtpvpdaovvd,kll6j kp8k 0v’,tsk-qoD &? c8xj u !_(& mkj o,u|kh mIuj [a zyf-v[gxoa [oa okmydko|’a lnry, <lP’xt-k-oq < c]t wfh]yg]u,j d+8A’;k]tlko <;aootlyo< *? .oxu !_)W mkj owfIh [a |kh mgju xoa 7totde,tdko7oQ 7;kh F cxF IP[IP’x,B ]fa m,y kd{ g]oyoF s^’a 9kdooA F wf4h ndg]nvd8’A gxoa xtmkolt,k7,q oda xtroa ]k;zmh6 evyfD (? c8xj u !__W{!__& mkj owfIh [a |kh m7ju 4n dn 7fa g]vn dgxoa xtmkolt,k7,q oda xtroa ]k; zmh6 evyfD )? mkj o wfhIa[]k’;ao <-uwi< .oxu @WWWF ot;toypkpg]nvj ’ <lv’gvNvpohv’< 16mj uj [k’dvd xtgmfwmD _? mkj o wfhxtfyfc8j’ot;toypkpma’\\qf $ g]nvj ’7n ot;toypkp <lv’gvNvpohv’<F <lv’2kd/a’j <F <]6dlk;0v’rad< c]t <dv’raomulv’<D @D dkolvogoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkpdv’raomulv’ma’ $ gs^A, @D! dkolvogoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< gs^ah,mu I. { 7.6 soh da IPovkj ogovN .osp8h= k,x,B c[[IPoD { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oGU !? dv’raomulv’ g]u,j ]q’,kxt9e16.j lL grnvj spa’L @? g,vnj dqov5[kp0v’r;dlaf86[+wfhIa[zqor;dg0qkwfhsaoxPj o7nco;.fL #? z6h[ao-kdkodv’raomulv’gIafco;.f r;dlaf869’bj pv,g]ud;q’xyf]hv,vvdL { 7.6 soh da IPo8v[7e4k, { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj 8,nj D { 786 v[7e4k,.ldj tfko.soh da IPo9fq gvkq D !? dv’raomulv’g]u,j ]q’,kxt9e1m6j ’qj wssuo-P’0;k’grnvj g0Qkxtlq,de]a’mtsko /kj p;P’9ao8k,laopk;P’9ao !_&(F c8[j +r=gmkqj .fgfnvo r;dmtskoso5j ;P’9ao 3fpxt8y[af8k,7el’aj 0v’9adrafvkg,]ydkd=wfhg],uj ]q’,nxt8y[afdqov5[kp msuj ;a’ don doy dv’roa mlu v’0v’/kj pxtgmf]k;f;h pdko-9N kh ’9v[vvpf;h ppfq 4k[oa fk lda {f;h pg’oy 7eD 77

@? g,vjn doq v[5 kp0v’r;dlfa 8[6 w+ fIh [a zoq r;dg0kq wfsh oa xPj o7n ,k.-dh kook[0.j6 -sh k^ pສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dv’roa xyf];h ,dv’roa mulv’1kj ’|kc|oh F g0kq wflh kh ’7;k,g7’aj 8’b 0Boo[a ,No[a Ikh pcI’c8lj e][a dv’roa mulv’ c,oj p’a voj5 vPomoj5 mPj ’[+s;oaj ws;c8xj tdko.f f;h p;ymults^kfry[ws;0v’vkh povh ’dv’roa mulv’D #? z6h[ao-kdkodv’raomulv’gIaf.shr;dlaf86pv,g]ud;q’xyf]hv,vvdfh;p;ymus^vd lfa 8;6 kj mtskodv’roa mlu v’[k’7oq wfph v,I[a xtf[a pfq c];h D m’a odU g= rvnj xt8[y fa czodko,kh ’;’q xyf]vh ,0v’lfa 8v6 vdwx rvh ,m’a 7v[7;q ]d6 g8kQ mpuj ’a vvj oovh p,u c,,j kowfsh v^ o]vf;’q xfy ]vh ,vvd9kdg0fm’q wssou xkod[a ;kj md5 7oq wf,h xu du gsda^ grvjn [oy |wu x g-’jy wflh kh ’7;k,’fb ’h= c]t 7;k,ws;s;oaj loja ltmkh o.sch dmj tskosoj5 ;P’9oa D @D@ dkolvogoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< gs^ah,mu II { 7.6 soh da IPovkj ogovN .osp8h= k,x,B c[[IPoD { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oGU !? dv’raomulv’vvd9kdm’qj wssuowxfh;pglAomk’.fL [qoglAomk’gxaoco;.fL @? dv’raomulv’wfhxqdxadIadlkde]a’F xhv’daogvqk]6dg,p0v’rtoad’kooadIq[.sh gfuomk’wx7nco;.fL .-hg;]kfqoxko.fL { 7.6 soh da IPo8v[7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj 8,nj D { 786 v[7e8v[7e4k,.soh da IPo9fq gvkq D !? dv’roa mlu v’vvd9kdm’jq wssou wxlgj6 0fm\\ju oA f;h pgloA mk’[x5 kj zkj f’q F 0oB rF6 ]’q s;h p c]t 8vh ’wflh Ij6 [q grvjn 8,u kh ’;’q xfy ]vh ,0v’lfa 8.6 odkow]8j fy 8k,mk’|kh foy c]t vkdkf0v’r;dlaf86D @? dv’raomulv’wfhxqdxadIadlkde]a’F xhv’daogvqk]6dg,p0v’rtoad’kooadIq[.sh gfuomk’wxwf1h kj ’xvfwrF .-gh ;]ks^kp;oa lf5 mkh pd=wxg4y’g0fm\\uj oA 0v’dkoxt 8y;af1kj ’xvfwrD @D# dkolvogoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< gs^ah,mu III { 7.6 soh da IPovkj ogovN .osp8h= k,x,B c[[IPoD { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oGU !? dv’roa mulv’wfxh [a x’5 de]’a 1g6j 0fm\\uj oA 7nco;.fL @? de]’a rgy lf0v’dv’roa mlu v’wfwh x8vh oI[a |kh msju p’a L lk,kfxt8[y fa wf7h cn o;.fL 78

#? ;aomu _ gfnvo ) xu !_*W ,ugsfdkospa’gduf0BoL ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k, { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj 8,nj D { 768v[7e4k,.ldj tfko.shoadIPo9qfgvqk !? dv’raomulv’wfhxa[x5’de]a’16gj 0fmu\\j Ao7n wfh0tspkpcz]j k,vvdwx grnvj ln[8+ 8l+ 1h6 mj6 d5 soq cs’j 0v’xtgmfD dv’roa mlu v’ wfch [’j vvdgxoa sk^ pdv’D 9eo;o|’jb wxg7nvj ows;16cj o;s^a’0v’laf86.o8q;g,nv’;P’9ao ma’gxaolkp8yf8+]a[.sh[aofk mkj oz6hoemruj ;,4nddad0a’17j6 5d3rog7a’0v’laf86F rhv,ma’0qo0;kpxt-k-qo c]t -Ao7qo8kj ’Mz6hdhk;|hk grvnj g0QkI;j ,0t[;oIad-kf8hko9addtraf c]t r;d]6d,n muj0kp -kfD @? de]’a rgy lf0v’dv’roa mlu v’ wfIh [a |kh mwju x8vh oI[a gvkq [oa fkzoh6 emcju sd7d5 vvd wxF dv’f’ja dkj ;lk,kfgIafleg]af|hkmuwj fh7n 8hvogvqkmkj oz6hoeda[7nolg6j 0fm\\uj Ao 1kj ’xvfwrD #? ;aomu _ gfnvo ) xu !_*W ,ugsfdkogduf0Bo7n 9eo;o|b’j 4ndc8’j gxaodv’ &WW grnvj g0Qkwx;P’9ao l6hIq[-;j pde]a’]af4txtsko 37oj ]Q,]af4t[koxt8ydko z5p -totoydvo c]t r6,u |+lts;aoD @D$ dkolvogoNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp < dv’raomulv’< gs^ah,mu IV { 7.6 soh da IPovkj ogoNv.osp8=h k,xB,c[[IPoD { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oUG !? dv’roa mulv’wf8h +ldh6 [a /kj p.f.ow]ptoUL @? ,gu sfdkosp’a gdfu 0oB L { 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k, { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj 8,nj D { 768v[7e4k,.ldj tfko.shoadIPo9qfgvqk !? dv’raomulv’wfh8+l6hda[/kj pde]a’xt8ydko0;k9af c]t r;dgxaodk’ vPj ’0;k mdju e]’a zoa cpd9kdde]’a gxoa dk’D @? ,gu sfdkogdfu 0oB 7n vkh povh ’dv’roa mlu v’wfgh 0kQ wxg7vjn ows;xfy ][a c]t gxfu gzpu 1j6 g,vn ’;P’9oa xtdv[l;j og0kQ .ow--tot0v’dkolkh ’8’A ]fa 4t[koxtl,q lk,/kj pD 79

#D dkolvogoNv.o0v’ot;toypkp 8vomu ) gs^ah,mu I ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPovkj o 8vomu ) gs^ah,mu I c88j Qo9qo9q[D { 7c6 [’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 786 ’A 7e4k,oda IPoc8]j td,j5 f’ja ],j5 oUG !? goNv.o];,lvj ’cl’g4y’[oa sk.fcfLj @? phvospa’ dv’raomulv’9b’j lk,kfzkj ;q’xyf]hv,0v’laf86vvd9kdmq’j wssuowfh 1kj ’xvfwrL { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa { 76lts^5[ c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o7nomudj 5,j 8kj ’M Ia[zyf-v[F 76vkf9t.sh7e-q,g-up s^n .sh 7tcoogxaod,5j s^n [5d7qo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,F { lf5 mkh p7l6 ts^[5 7e8v[.soh da IPo.ldj tfko[oa mdb gvkq D !? govN .o];,lvj ’cl’g4’y vkh povh ’dv’roa mlu v’ .og;]k1dj6 e,0n v’lfa 8m6 mju ’jq wssou c,oj 8+l6dj a[laf867A’.spsj ^;’fh;plt8yxaopk1kj ’,ury[ws; c]t ,u]adltot8aflyo w-tot.odkozkj ;’q xfy ]vh ,0v’lfa 8F6 g4’y ;kj 9t8dq 1.j6 o;’q ]vh ,voa c|oh |k0v’lfa 86d=8k, c8pj hvos^ad\\Aoxt8y;afF oE.9vq’vkfdhksko ,ury[ws; 7vj ’c7h;F [+pv, 9eooq lfa 86 c]t gffa fPj ;88u kh o,oa 7on D g4’y 9t[+lfh6 ;h pde]’a vk;f5 wfch 8dj .= -mh d5 lt 8xy oa pk grvjn ]vfroQ vvd9kd;’q xfy ]vh ,0v’lfa 86 3fp[,+ lu P’xon c8dc8,j wu --tot c]t xvfwrD @? pvh o7;k,ltsP^ ;lttsk^ f c]t ,ru [y ws; 0v’vkh povh ’dv’roa mlu v’ 9’jb lk,kf g9]t9kd[a mtsko/kj p0;k;P’9oa D { 76gvqkI6[rk[mqj’wssuo c]t I6[rk[dv’raomulv’4vovvd9kdmqj’wssuo.shoad IPog[’jy $D dkolvo;yrkd ot;toypkp gs^ah,mu I 8vomu ) $D! dkoc[j’8vo { dkolvo;yrkd[qf.og[Nv’8Qo 768hv’wfhcotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj ootoypkp8vo mu ) gs^ah,mu I c88j Qo9qo9q[16[j hkodvj oD { 7c6 [’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 76gvqk7e4k,.shc8]j td5,j wx7Qo7;hk c]t lqomtokdao8k,g;]k muj76deoqf.sh8k, 7e4k,f’aj ],5j oUG 80

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fPj ;.odkolIh6 [q d[a lfa 86 g-vjn \\oA .odkooerk0v’rda c]t ,lu t8]y t;’a 8;q 1lj6 tg\\Du l;j oສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 8;q ]t7vo/kj pxt8dy ko;P’9oa 9t,da soY^ doy 2,5 g2vn pF [,+ ]u t[P[;wy opk,.fds= ;’a lfy zoq xt3spfl;j o8;q l’6 d;kj l;j o];,DDD { rao]tok7;k,Iad0v’[kj ;{lk;mu,j u8+daoc,oj 7;k,Iadvao[=]yl5fg-aoj ;kj G 8q;]t7vo mhk; 7e\\Aoda[ok’ lq,rvo c]t mhk; 7ecf’da[ok’ 3lrkgxao8QoD { dko.-lh eo;orklkc,oj vf5 ,q l,q [o6 gxoa 8oQ ;kj rklkmvh ’4ojy F leo;o 7eg;kQ me,tfk g,vnj vkj oc]h;lk,kfg0Qk.97ela[wfh’kj pF g0Qk.o[qfg]vnj ’D .odkolvol]y txtdkoc8’j 7[6 +=9egxoa oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 dw= fDh 786 ’A 7e4k,f’ja oUG !? 9q’j -vdskrklkxP[mP[7qo da[me,t-kfltcf’vvdco;.fL @? 9’qj -vdskleo;o7;k,Iad0v’[kj ;{lk;ltcf’vvd.o[qfg]nvj ’L #? 9’qj -vdskrklkmhv’4yoj ltcf’vvd.o[qfg]nvj ’ X8vo7af?L { 76.shoadIPo8v[8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj Mxtdv[7e7yf7egsoa D { 76-q,g-up s^n .sh7tcoocdoj adIPoz6hmu8j v[7e4k,wfhfu c]t xtdv[7egsaowfhfu8k, 7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 76lts^5[ly]txtdkoc8’j 3fpvu’8k,xB,c[[IPoD &D dkolvo[qfvjkogruj, [qfvkj ogru,j ot;toypkp dv’raomulv’0v’ lD [5[zko5;q’ ,u7nG 8vomu $ gs^A,mu IF 8vomu # gs^A,mu III c]t 8vomu # gs^A,mu IV fa’j muwj fhpqd0Bo,k.oxB,c[[PoD [qfvkj ogru,j ]h;oc8,j u goNv.ole7ao c]t ,u75o7kj l6’g-’yj gxao[qfIPovao]E 7kj .shcd7j qogIqk1.6j ola’7q,D ltoAoF 76lvo [qfvjkogru,j 4hk,ug;]krP’r=.sh76oerk xt8y[af8k,0Ao8vodkoIPo{dkolvofaj’0hk’gmy’ g-oja ;kj G { goNv.o];,0v’8voD { ;yrkd8voD { c[’j 8vopvj pD { w9hcpd8q;]t7voD { ly]txtdkoxtfyfc8’j D { lqomtokF 4k,{8v[D { lts^5[D 83

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{ 0hkohvpwfhpyo-nlj P’0v’mkj o,kc8fj qoc]h;;kj mkj ogxaookpmtskomugj da’j dhklk,kf ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ mluj 5fgxaooqdvyo-u38|’bj .or6rP’g,nv’r;ooUK c8gj ,vnj mkj og0kQ ,k1.6j o.9dk’m’qj wssuo co;omU kj o7-n 1y pj6 kdoL= mkj o7’q [oy [w+ ffh 7u gn dkjq 8Ly ,oa gsvn^ f8kwx.l;j ’a xk;c;[|’jb c];h g;kQ 8+G mkj o7yf;kj glydoU9tgduf0Bovud[=o=0kh ovh pL mkj o mkh ;8h6 sP^ ;g[’jy ,oa gxoa gmvjn mlu v’c8[j 8+ v[ltskp7e\\oA m,ju koegrojy g]pu g;kQ 0oB ;kj G { mkj omkh ; 8h6 ,ksk3d3]coo7eld5 F c8gj ,vjn g9kQ 4k, 0vh p7fy ;kj r;dg9kQ gv’d7= ’q Ich6 9’h 1cj6 ];h grktc,oj r;dg9kQ gv’d.+ sgh dfu ltrk[dkog7’ja 8’b 0oB D 8;q 1kj ’,oN FU r;dg9kQ gv’ vvd7el’ja .smh d5 7oq xt9e17j6 kh pc8-j Erfa ;k’dkog;opk,8oa 1m6j d5 gloA mk’ grvjn 9[a d,5 7,5 0’a gvkq vkh povh ’ oda I[q r;d0vh p9eo;o|’jb m[ju m+ oa I7h6 el’ja f’ja dkj ; c]t ,oN dU g= xoa ;oa vkmfy g0kq wx1Ph ,1k,pkf8ry oju vh ’0v’g0kq g9kQ 8k,g7pu wfgh Ifa ,kr;dg9kQ gIfa co;ooA F r;dg9kQ d=7’q wf-h u,]fq -kf0v’dkolIh6 [q d[a r;d0vh p,kwfgh dkQ xuoU]tK ,oa gzfa ,oa cl[ co;.f r;dg9kQ d7= ’q 9tIKh6 c8pj vh o1kd lkh ’7;k,4dn 8vh ’xv’fv’-kf8k,loa pk]t s;kj ’lv’/kj p wfhg-aodao dv’raomulv’0v’ r;d0hvp9b’j g0Qk,kI;j ,1.6j og7nv7tok pkfcs’j -kfK \\=gdflt|k v;kj p|kh wxskltskp 7e\\oA ,oa 93nj ]f;kj wfrh [q doa gmvnj |’jb c];h ,oa 4k,9=gh 0kQ 8,nj ;kj G { 7oa 9’ja -oA gxoa sp’a r;dmkj o9’jb [I+ [a dkoxtf[a pfq L pvh ogsfooA ltrk[dko9’jb g7’ja 8’b D { dkoxtfa[pqfs;tL InK ltskp7e\\Aosq;0Bofh;pmjkmu]a’dPf r;d0hvpwfhg;Qk oeokproq v;h oc];h 7oa g9kQ 1kdIwh6 x4k,grojy roh5 gfKu c8]j ts;kj ’r;dg9kQ d[a r;d0vh p1j6 m’jq wssou oU r;d0vh pwfdh 7+ ;k,vk7kf[kf\\k’sp’a 8r+ ;dg9kQ L r;dg9kQ 9’jb gxoa gfvn f gxoa c7oh -vdg]vjn ’-vd]k;[kf\\k’8r+ ;d0vh pF r;d0vh pIch6 ];h ]t;kj c,oj .zgvkq g’oy ,k9kh ’.srh ;dg9kQ medko0kh 2oa 0oa govhn g-vhn -kffP;doa D \\=gdflt|k|kh cf’0Bo pvh o7;k,Ikh pc];h 4k,;kj G { c,oj .z ]v’g;qhk,kg[yj’f6L ltskp 7e\\oA sP^ ;g[’jy mkj omkh ; 8h6 g,vjn I;h6 kj grojy vkop5 kf.sgh ;kQ c];h dg= ]pu g;kQ csp.h l,j oa ;kj G { g,njvdjvoouhc,jor;d]jkg,nv’0Bo/iaj’ c8jr;dx;’xt-qo]k;8u.shr;d,aosv[rqd xq[8kp7nog,nvc]h;]tK [afoUc,oj 9addtrafvkg,]ydkg9QkI6hc]h;8y9addtrafc,oj spa’L c8j gfaf0kf[+w;d=-hkr;d,aod=9t8hv’Ia[3-d-t8kfP;daooaho]tK .shg9Qk9nwj ;hlkK 89

|hk,hk0v’\\=gdflt|k7n9aj’;jkpk;]q’d;jkgdqjk xkd0v’,ao8y’p5[M7n9aj’;jk1kd ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ g;Qkspa’vud c8j;jk;a’xk;shk,w;hD m5d7qorkdao,yf16j7k;|bj’ mjko mhk;86h9bj’v;jkp|hkwx sk;a’xk;c]h;g;Qkfh;prklk]k;l6’.l,j ao;kj G { g9QkK gxao-qo-kf]k;l6’7n0hvp9b’j g;QkK 7ao-Ao0hvp[+g;Qkfvdg9Qkd=I6h8y;kj xtgmf-kf voa cloIda 0v’r;dgIkq glp7;k,gxoa gvdt]kf,k[9+ da ;kj m.+ fxcu ];h F roju vh ’I;j ,-kf r;dgIkq 8dq md5 wfph kddkddegxoa co;.fF 8k0v’g9kQ dg= soa c];h 0vh p[9+ egxoa 8vh ’g;kQ vdu c8cj mom9ju tlk,da 7du oa lkh ’[kh ocx’g,vn ’0v’8oq .sIh ’j5 gIvn ’gsvn^ ’gsvN^ ,0ohb wxg9kQ wx2’a 7;k,0v’9da dtrfa vkg,]dy km1ju wj6 d9kd[kh ogdfu g,vn ’ovo0v’r;dgIkq o[a gxoa \\noj Mdy3]c,af r;dg9Qks;yf9kdgxao]6d,n.sh/ia’j grnvj 0hk2ao]aocm’ruoj hv’I;j ,-kf 0v’8qoc]h;D [kfouhr;dg9Qkraf1kdgxao\\krko.shr;d9addtrafvkg,]ydk-Ao[=L 0vh p9t[vd.srh ;dg9kQ 9wnj ;lh k;kj ]d6 cs^’h z[h6 vdwf.h -2h ’a c]t ,ude]’a ;’a -kmluj f5 0v’ 9da dtrfa vkg,]ydk0t|kf9v,roq 9P’w7g-da 1xj6 tgmf9uoF o]6 u-k1vj6 uida F xk8yflt8k 1dj6 p5 [k c]t vojn Md4= dn xt-k-oq 0[a w]sj ;q |vu vd9kdxtgmfD voa lej r;dg9kQ 1kj d1= d= vh ’ 1hv’g8AocIh’ g8Aodk d=1jk[+w;d=-hk3-d-t8k0v’r;dg9Qkd=9t7nr;d7qo0kp-kf f’ja dkj ;ooA ]t .sgh 9kQ 9wjn ;gh fru kp|kh r[q doa c];h 9’jb les;^ fg[’jy ;kj 7eg;kQ 0v’0vh p,ohn 4hu dn [= s^n [+L g;Qkc]h;mkj o mhk;86h v;kj p|hkwxskmhk;[q;7ec]h;g;Qk;kj G { 7-n gy fdy roh5 8gy rojy 9’jb ,kK vluj yogxyfzhkdA’vvd,ko’aj pv[]q’ rhv,ma’g;Qk;kj G { g-uogroyj 1dj6 vj o0kh ovh p7nwfph yolP’]fq groyj c];h K ,ulP’]qfc]oj g0kQ ,kcmdh =wfph yolP’[kf8uo0ohb 0oA wf,kK 7k;|’jb \\=7eld5 3r|j kh g0hqk ,k.osvh ’,oa Ilh6 db cxdxtsk^ fg,vjn sP^ ;gsoa mkj omkh ;8Dh6 grojy ,k.opk,ovhu kf,gu ]vjn ’le 7ao,ao2hk;dqh,sq;rtpkpk,gIaf.shxt9q[xtc9’gvqkoY;,n46daofh;p7;k,vt]yvt]v[ c];h g;khq ;kj G { mkj o,kgInvo0hkohvp7n9t,u;Pdle7aoL { c,oj c]h;K gIqk,u;Pd1kdg;qhkda[mkj oD { gvqhkK g-uo3]f 0hkohvp0=2a’K { gIkq 0[= vd.smh kj oI;h6 kj ,oN cU ,oj ;oa vkmfy F vkh povh ’r;dgIkq vvdwx1k,roju vh ’,9u eo;o |’jb 4nddv’mtsko0v’r;dmkj odda 8;q w;Dh 90

\\=7eld5 gIfa 8y8onj 7n9’ja ,oa [+I9h6 da sp’a dPj ;d[a g]vnj ’o,uh oa g;kQ ;kj G ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 0hkohvp[+I6hwfK c8[j +gxaospa’fvd 0hkohvp9tgIaf7el’aj .sh3]ffvd0hkohvpD mkj omhk;86h]5d0Bo’bdsq;.lj mkj o[q;7e v;kj p|hkwx9a[,n\\=7el5d rhv,ma’g;Qk;kj G { r;dgIqk9t]=4hk2a’7ela’j 0v’mkj of’aj dkj ;D \\7= eld5 1on 2’a lP’8ou 0v’r;dmkj omkh ;8h6 mdju [a 7on g,vn ooA .swh xwdglpdvj o ,oa 9’jb g;kQ .lj \\g= dflt|k;kj G { xvj plkK \\=gdflt|k4k,7nof;h p7;k,loq .9;kj G { I;hkpK ]qfzvj o9eo;orqo0v’,aowfhm+.f ,aod=fum+oAo]t[=0hkohvpK \\=7el5d cd;’j sq;c]h;g;Qk8af7;k,;kj G { g-qkK gIqkwxxt-5,da[mkj o3d3]coo7e7vj ’,kfP;ouh|kK g-vnj \\Aodv’[ao-kdkocfj c,K r;d,ao-ywx.lwfh1.6j ode,nr;dgIqkc]h;]tK \\=gdflt|k,yfxkocxhovafxkdc8,j aod=0,qj .9sq;c8Ij vppY,0v’,aod+gxaodk]t1bh 7n,hk fq,pPj ;D \\=7el5ds^P;r5hos^P;ruh g,vnj [+gsao.zg;Qkspa’g]up4k,;kj G { 7n;kj ,u[k’7qo1kd,kltg|u7;k,0af0hv’;kj -AogvQkg;Qk3]fK Ivh p3m\\=|’jb gxoa 7oq s;q ]kh oc’j 7n-ycdrj =7;oc];h F ]d5 0Bog;kQ ;kj G { 0kh 0l= tg|0u 0h= fa 0vh ’K gdvn [md5 ,rhn ;dmkj og;kQ c8gj ]vjn ’xtf[a pfq .sdh v’roa mlu v’,oa 8[q gvdy cxt[kf|’jb c];h g;kQ 8v+ oa [da 3ddoghu fK [oa 9g5 0kQ .odv’m[a ,ko8hu ’A c8lj tw\\dv,xk 1fu ’q gsoa skd8= ’A 0oB roh5 wfK c8gj xoa sp’a g4kQ xkoohu d,= ]y gy vgy 8oy ’a mo+ oA gxfu c];h ]tvoa lv’ fk;rg= xoa crch ;1h oj6 Khu dt-[y ,+ fu vdzda c;oj oegrojy cf[j r+ ,= k8fy [kj 0kh ovh po,hu oa g4kQ r8= kp c]h;wfouhK dtgsao.9daocfcj ,hgsao;kj dtfkpK \\=7eld5 pY,s;q gxoa lu9k’Mc];h g;kQ ;kj G { [g+ xoa sp’a fvd c];h ;Pdmrju ;dgIkq r;,]’q ,gn Ifa o-hu 0y .= s0h oA gm’y 0oB dk]fa .smh d5 7oq fvdD ltoAo m5d7qo8hv’gIaf;Pd1jk’0tspao0aoc0j’xt8y[af8k,7elaj’1jk’g0A,’;fF [Ao Iq[gmnvj ouh9tgxaodkomqflv[;kj .z9twfh0Bho-Ao s^n [+L dv’[ao-kdkol6’l5fwfhc8’j 8A’ mkj o 3d3]coo7e7vj ’,k9qf7tcoogvqkgv’gvQkK .z,u7;k,lqo.9spa’vudL Ihvp8u\\=|bj’vudgxao7qol6’0k;|hkzkdl;fzq,pqj’,hkxqd|hkr=gxaoc-j,c-t]5d0Bo c];h g;kQ ;kj G { 0kh ovh pg-[u 0+ fa 0vh ’oepfq oelda fvd0kh ovh pK c80j kh ovh ploq .9voa |’jb 7oa mkj o3d3]coo vtop5 kf0kh ovh p9’jb g;khq D 91

{ vhk;K dtpa’;kj .z0af0hv’\\v’.9spa’d=.shg;qhk16gj fD ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ \\=7el5dg;qhk0Bofh;pmjkmusqos;kp c8j\\=zq,1qj’,hk[+lqo.9mjkmujfaj’djk;oaho,aog;qhk0bho -kh M;kj G { r;dg9khq okpd[a ]d6 ovh ’.o-,j6 ohn hu ,oa [8+ kj ’sp’a d[a g]vjn ’7;q wdDj md5 7oq v;kj p|kh sP^ ;g[’jy ,aofh;p7;k,lqo.9;jk\\=ouh -yg;qhkspa’7n,kcxdMcmh9qodtmA’;jkvujlyomuj16jshv’.od= 7t]kfvvd,k2’a D \\z= ,q 1’jq ,kh g;khq 1kj ’[r+ kh ;[/+ ’ja ;kj G 7;q wdcj ];h Mvkpkgrojy [vdK gvkq wldh Ph ;8uogvkq [umks;q c]t 7=K g7vnj ’.ow8mvh ’K lv’v’hq lv’0kmkgdnvfuMx’uh .svh kpkK l;j odtf6dIkj ’7u’0v’,aor;dgIqkgvqkwxcd’.lzj ad.l\\j ujdyolkgfuK g,nvj cd’l5dc]h; 8da ,k.svh kfpk8,nj vud4;h p|’jb K 31;h zgh6 xoa cs^’h oUrfa -ywfgh ]psp’a vudK 0kh ovh p0fa 0vh ’ g]vnj ’oUfvdK s^n ;kj .z[+0fa 0vh ’-oA [=L I;kh pK 1kj s;q wfK 7oq 0kh doa -,j6 NoUd=pvh oxkdpvh o mvh ’oU]tK dv’roa mulv’g0kq [+wfgh Ifa co;ooA gfuK fu[+fuzgh6 xoa okpp’a vfq md5 vfq pkdgxoa c[[gxoa 1kj ’.s]h d6 ovh ’vud-k=h oUsp’a m.j= fd=[+r=F [fa ;kj ;Pd|da |k;Pd],Q ;Pd8kp-d5 .shc8]j 6dohv’D 0hkohvp [+,adgfuc[[oUK 1kj -6;j kj 0hkohvp[+[vdwfD { \\=7el5dxkd[+wfh gvqk,nlqos^’a pkj ’wxpkj ’,k.-hs;q 7yfgsy’g8u[c];h g;Qk;kj G { g]njv’oUd=9tcdhc8j0=.shc]h;;PdoUglpdjvo mjkosq;|hkglokmydkol6’l5fd=g;Qkoe r;dgIkq md5 7oq c];h gfK ltst]fa -;j pgs^nvr;dgIkq 1kj ’[+voha D 1kj -xj6 kd7oa 7kd-ywfph yo I6hc]h;[=L g0Qk.9 c]h;[=L wxK rkdaog,nvovoglpwxK ,Nvnoj 9t,u7ela’j le7aowfK g;Qkc]h; \\=7el5dgxufzhkdah’pjk’g0Qkwxl6jshv’.o;a’xk;gdflt|krhv,ma’radr;d ]5d0Bovluj yo pkj ’vvdwxlq’j mxuj kdxt86 vluj yog;Qkoe\\=gdf7vj pM;kj G { mkj ogdf1dj6 vj o0kh ovh p,u;Pdg;kQ oe|vh p|’jb K g,vnj r;d;’a xk;wxwdc]h;vluj yo9’bj 4k,7vj pM;kj G { gxaoco;.fg]vnj ’s5hol;j o0v’r;dgIqkL { 1k/yoj sAos;tL { [+c,oj vaooAo-yc,oj spa’vudL { 3vpo=-ygIafco;.fL \\=gdflt|kgdqksq;pvdMK vluj yog]up4k,1Eg0Qk8,nj ;kj G { pa’-nh[+wfh-Aos;tL { -nhohaowfhc]h;c8Dj DD c8Kj { c8sj pa’L 7n,ks^kpc8cj mhL 92

{ ,aopkdoe;PdoUokK lv’lk,,NoU[+wfhg,nv.dhIvfgInvoK ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { -Nwfh9addy3]c]h;D { -Nwfhs^kpc]h;wfD { wfh[+Ihvpdy3]L { p’a [+moa 8yf\\fq c87j n-ywfxh t,koIvh pdy3]oUok { 3vpK 7ao-Aod=fuc]h; ,N.f-ylq’j wx;P’9ao mk’;P’9ao4k,oe,kc]h;wfD { 9’aj ;kj oU]t,aopkdoedv’raomulv’oUokD 7ao,aovt]b,db,de0Boc]h;1kr;dgIqkd= glafvucj 8o]t[= D { 7oa -oA 0kh ovh p-gy ;kQ oemkj o3d3]coo grojy g[’jy Ivh ’0.= sgh rojy 39twxIvf;oa mu !){!_ roh5 glpdvj oc];h groyj 1kdgIfa co;.f9’jb 7vj pgIfa D co;ooA -yr=wf[h =L { wfhcmhD { gvu 8qd]q’daom+oUdvj o ,Nvonj 0hkohvp9twxskg,pmkj om3uj rolts;ao VV V \\=7el5doa’j 7qd,qd167j qofP; .oshv’gIaf;Pd0v’,aoF ,ao[+0uf[+0Pospa’\\qf 1kd= [+l6[F ,on 8k]dq 3]1h Dj6 c8,j oa 7-n [y g+ soa sp’a grktc,’,8ju v,8k3rMj 1,j6 oa d[= r+ [a o]U tgrojy ;kj 7oq v[a xoa pk gIafco;.fF ,aod=gxao8kgs^nv.916wj fF .z-yg7upgsaoxyf]hv,vhv,9vffh;pvk;5f ok[069j yf.9m5d 1kj ’[9+ da 3m]t37’j [9+ da .sph oq s;kj o.[x;y [9+ da soa xkpxon .spgj 0kQ .lj 3vpK gIfa le,kxKy c8gj mkjq xkooUd=[+,uIjv’Ivpspa’;jkdv’raomulv’9tpv,9eoqoF r;dg0qkglup,aj’16j7n9aj’mv’4ndw2 [I+ Ih6 vh oo]hu tc,Dh [tK [tD -gy Ifa ;my .u fvdu oK= 8fa g0kQ 8fa oEdg= Ifa c];h c8dj k’7on ,klP’Ivh ’]e;’q 0v’r;dg0qkd=pa’cI’7ngdqkj D 3vpK ouho=gryoj ;kj gs^addhkr=hsuo-k0;ko7q,|kr=hw,hcdoj 9’aj c,oj -kfK 9a’j c,oj -kfK [+g7upgsaofvdgxaoco;ouh \\=7el5dgvqk,n]6[fa’z6hg9Qk0v’gv’167j k;|’bj ,ao ,uoyfwlco;oAo g,nvj ,ao.-hsq;7yfD 8+,k9ad,ao7yfwfh7yffuco;.f[5 gvqk,n8u38tfa’3xt[kf|b’j c]h;z6f]5d0Bo\\qfcI’lkpxborqd-Erafgdktgvqk7kogdQkvuh gdQkvuhg]up]Q,]kj ’’kj ’]q’ma[8uo 0v’,aoD vk3dpK vk3dpK gdQkvuh-Erafc,oj gdQkvuhgs^ad,ao3]f|adgvqkouhma[-Erafma[gvqk3xh8uo mu,j u[kfskd=s5h,xkd[kf.\\3j vp9kK 9k,ao 3]fg9a[gvqkouh ,ao.9Ihkpr=1kd3ffg8t8n,j vudr5ho ]tc,ch 8gj 9kQ c,,j oa gvpu K g9[a 9oq gdvn [1on d[= 1+ kdwf-h gy 8tvdu co;.fwfFh ,oa o’ja ]’q gIfa 3dt3-t17j6 n ]u’4nd|hv’ 7k;|b’j ,ao9b’j xqfgdu[vvdr5fmy3mg]nvfvk[xkd4q’gmQkr5hook lq,r=,aog9a[gvqk cmhgvqk ;kj fvd,aoIhv’0Bo;kj G 93

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