LSVNBT [Bộ mỏng] T.24 - Chiến thắng quân Mông lần thứ ba

["Nghe qu\u00e2n th\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c r\u00fat lui, vua quan nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p r\u00fat chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5c binh, ph\u00e1 c\u1ea7u, x\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, k\u1ef5 binh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ecnh B\u1eb1ng Phi b\u1ecb ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1eafn b\u00e8n b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y, sai l\u00ednh \u0111i b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1eafn quay l\u1ea1i V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp. 49","C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp v\u1eabn h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 xu\u00f4i theo s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 mau ch\u00f3ng ra bi\u1ec3n. Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n H\u1ed5, qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang v\u1eeba ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi nh\u01b0 l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 mong sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. 50","Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n binh b\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ngay t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nam H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb5n g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m c\u1ecdc. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y lim hay t\u00e1u v\u00ec g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd chu\u1ed1t g\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn, cao \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ea7n 30cm. 51","Sau \u0111\u00f3, Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 ba s\u00f4ng Chanh, m\u1ed9t chi l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng sao cho khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat th\u00ec nh\u00f4 ra l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n t\u00e0i ba nh\u01b0 Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u1ed5 t\u00e0i. H\u1ecd l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ecdc. 52","Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, b\u00e3i c\u1ecdc nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf hai b\u00ean b\u1edd. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho qu\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea5u trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ecfa c\u00f4ng. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n chu \u0111\u00e1o, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. 53","Trong khi qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ecdc ch\u1edd \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n vua Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 huy, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00fang theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n. 54","V\u00ec th\u1ebf, su\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, A Ba Tri \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i 20 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u00e9p cho th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Chanh, n\u01a1i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ee3i. 55","S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 3 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean cao, b\u00e3i c\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc che l\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng nh\u00e8 nh\u1eb9, d\u1eadp d\u1ec1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i lau l\u00e1ch ven b\u1edd. 56","L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y\u00ean t\u00e2m, b\u1edfi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n bao xa n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i y v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n, khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, y cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kho\u00e1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3m t\u1eed \u0111em thuy\u1ec1n ra khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd thua ch\u1ea1y. \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp h\u00ed h\u1eedng d\u1eabn binh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch. Th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u00f2n cao, Nguy\u1ec5n Kho\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m t\u1eed quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ecm ch\u00e2n gi\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng cho v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e3i c\u1ecdc. 57","G\u1ea7n tr\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u r\u00fat d\u1ea7n, qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n quay thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho qu\u00e2n ch\u00e8o h\u1ebft t\u1ed1c l\u1ef1c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean. Thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ecdc d\u1ed3n c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc va v\u00e0o nhau v\u1ee1 to\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n to l\u1edbn, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. 58","Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean \u0111ang ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t tr\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh vang l\u00ean d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 h\u1ecfa c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00f4i len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u1eeda g\u1eb7p gi\u00f3 thu\u1eadn, b\u1eaft v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ch\u00e1y ph\u1ea7n ph\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ed1c t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1m l\u00ednh Nguy\u00ean th\u1ea5t kinh h\u1ed3n v\u00eda, gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean nhau, chen ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00f4 s\u1ed1. 59","Tr\u00ean b\u1edd, ph\u1ee5c binh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda \u00e0o \u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5 ra ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3m t\u1eed x\u00f4ng l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u00ednh Nguy\u00ean tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean b\u1edd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb d\u00e2n binh truy k\u00edch. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n b\u1eafn ra nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, c\u1ee9 co c\u1ee5m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 cho qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. 60","L\u00fac n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2m s\u1eafp ch\u00ecm. H\u1eafn lu\u00fdnh qu\u00fdnh nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u li\u00eam m\u00f3c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eafn k\u00e9o l\u00ean, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng. T\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u00ean oai d\u0169ng, s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o, nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u00f9 binh \u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1eb9p, run r\u1ea9y, qu\u1ef3 m\u1ecdp c\u1ea7u xin tha m\u1ea1ng. 61","Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u th\u00ec k\u1ebft th\u00fac. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn. Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 400 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft tinh thuy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. 62","Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tho\u00e1t Hoan c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng may m\u1eafn g\u00ec h\u01a1n. Ngay khi Tr\u00ecnh B\u1eb1ng Phi h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i, Tho\u00e1t Hoan \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat lui l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cam go kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 3, \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn r\u1eddi V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecbnh chia qu\u00e2n r\u00fat theo hai ng\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng - T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1nh ph\u00eda T\u00e2y do T\u00edch \u0110\u00f4 Nhi (*) ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh, t\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh quay l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Tho\u00e1t Hoan. (*) t\u00ean M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Siktur 63","Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 3, hai ng\u00e0y sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, Tho\u00e1t Hoan v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u1ed9i B\u00e0ng. H\u1eafn ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp m\u1eebng th\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch s\u1eb5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u cho h\u1eafn tho\u00e1t. Ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1p tr\u00ean x\u00e1c qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y. 64","R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1eadn N\u1ed9i B\u00e0ng, Tho\u00e1t Hoan ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy ba ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 \u0111i ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 cho h\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb N\u1ed9i B\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n binh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea3i ra ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp k\u00edch gi\u1eb7c. T\u1eeb trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00fac l\u00fac l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb hao h\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. 65","T\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng A Ba Tri c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t, h\u1eafn b\u1ecb tr\u00fang ba m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y l\u00ean khi\u1ebfn h\u1eafn \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a. B\u1ecdn l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ng khi\u00eang h\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00ec h\u1eafn ch\u1ebft. Tho\u00e1t Hoan th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chui nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Tho\u00e1t Hoan b\u1eaft qu\u00e2n h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i bao v\u00e2y xung quanh, d\u00f9ng khi\u00ean che k\u00edn kh\u1eafp ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eafn. 66","Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaby ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn ng\u1ef1a s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m ch\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n. Tho\u00e1t Hoan \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 h\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u01b0 Minh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf b\u1eebng b\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1n c\u0169, nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n t\u01a1i t\u1ea3, h\u1eafn ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n cho gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. 67","Trong \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc. M\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a y c\u0169ng tan th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Tho\u00e1t Hoan. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec, y \u0111\u00e0nh l\u1ebdo \u0111\u1ebdo theo Tho\u00e1t Hoan v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y. Sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n sang, y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ra g\u1eb7p v\u00ec x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5. 68","Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1288, sau \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean - M\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 Long H\u01b0ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda sang ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00e1. 69","Th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n con ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0103ng l\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba m\u1edbi x\u00f4ng pha chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, vua Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay: X\u00e3 t\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed3i lao th\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 S\u01a1n h\u00e0 thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n kim \u00e2u. (X\u00e3 t\u1eafc hai phen ch\u1ed3n ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e1 Non s\u00f4ng ng\u00e0n thu\u1edf v\u1eefng \u00e2u v\u00e0ng). 70","Ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 3, xa gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 vua v\u1ec1 kinh ca kh\u00fac kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i cho s\u1eeda sang l\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ban l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1 cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n t\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec mong mu\u1ed1n y\u00ean b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 vua cho em c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Kh\u1eafc Chung l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u00ean H\u1ee9 sang Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a. 71","H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t sau ba l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch. Y ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f2i vua Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i sang ch\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi c\u00f9ng Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1. Vua Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng sang ch\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi. H\u1eafn l\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng tham t\u00e0n, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng g\u1edbm tay, ph\u00e1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd theo gi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u... V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh. 72","\u0110\u1ec3 H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1edb g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m K\u1ef7 S\u1eedu (1289), vua Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea5p thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n tr\u1eeb h\u1eadu ho\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee5c thuy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn h\u1eafn b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ch\u00ecm gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n. 73","Sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c, vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c. H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n phong t\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed7 Kh\u1eafc Chung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh h\u1ea1nh mang h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau n\u00e0y s\u1eed s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung. 74","C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111em d\u00e2n binh ra h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c gia n\u00f4 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Y\u1ebft K\u00eau v\u00e0 D\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng. S\u00e1ch Trung H\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129. 75","M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u1ea7u nguy nga mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00e1c C\u00f4ng Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u00e1ch Trung H\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 treo \u1edf l\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. 76","Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u h\u00e0ng, nay \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd t\u1ecf ra lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 vua b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i. Bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd b\u1ecb o \u00e9p n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u h\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 an t\u00e2m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. 77","Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ra h\u00e0ng th\u00ec nh\u00e0 vua tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ra h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m lao d\u1ecbch, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3i n\u00e0o. 78","Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean - M\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u son l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 hung t\u00e0n, m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac \u1ea5y. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111em l\u1ea1i thanh b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t cho qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. 79","80","81","82","M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 V\u0168 KH\u00cd TH\u1edcI TR\u1ea6N \u1ea2nh 1: Tr\u00ean: Hai m\u0169i ch\u00f4ng s\u1eaft. \t D\u01b0\u1edbi: Hai m\u0169i gi\u00e1o s\u1eaft. \u1ea2nh 2: T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i: R\u00ecu t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4n, m\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4n, \u0111inh thuy\u1ec1n. \u1ea2nh 3: M\u0169i t\u00ean s\u1eaft. H\u00ecnh 4: C\u00e2u li\u00eam. \u1ea2nh 5: Tr\u00e1i: Khi\u00ean g\u1ed7 cao 1m. \t Ph\u1ea3i: Loa \u0111\u1ed3ng cao 1m. \u1ea2nh: \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a 83","\u1ea2nh 1: \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed3ng ghi ch\u1ee9c Quan m\u00f4n h\u1ea1 s\u1ea3nh 1377, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u1ea2nh 2: \u0110\u1ea7u ng\u00f3i h\u00ecnh v\u00f5 quan. \u1ea2nh: \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O \u2022\t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc), NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1993. \u2022\t Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc), NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992. \u2022\t Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u. \u2022\t Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1987. \u2022\t H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi T\u00e2m, Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1972. \u2022\t L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1976. 84","PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 NG\u00d4I TH\u00c1P \u0110\u1eb8P C\u00d2N L\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A TH\u1edcI TR\u1ea6N T\u1ed0 NH\u01af 85","86","V\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u00fd - Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, c\u00e1c tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Th\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc th\u1eddi L\u00fd - Tr\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1p th\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u00fd, \u00f4ng cha ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p cao l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean, th\u00e1p Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n cao 60 - 80 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1p ch\u00f9a Long \u0110\u1ecdi tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0110\u1ecdi S\u01a1n th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u1edf v\u00e0o kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi l\u1eafm n\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e1p l\u1edbn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1p c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung cho s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, r\u1ea5t may \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u t\u00edch 4 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 2 th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 2 th\u00e1p l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 4 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. TH\u00c1P M\u1ed8 C\u00c1C NH\u00c0 S\u01af Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e1p. T\u00f9y theo vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. 87","C\u00e1c th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng ngay sau v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a. N\u1ebfu ta h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00e1p ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi hay m\u1edbi d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9a gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh, ch\u00f9a Hoa Y\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a L\u00e2m \u1edf n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh... Hay ch\u00f9a Tr\u00f2 \u1edf V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n 2 c\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang \u1edf ch\u00f9a Hoa Y\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u1edf ch\u00f9a C\u00f4n S\u01a1n. 1. Th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1. T\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5t nung. Men ng\u00e0, n\u00e2u. \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e2m, v\u1ecb vua th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f9a Tr\u00f2, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, l\u00fac m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u1ee5y Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u1ea2nh: TV\u0110HMT - TP.HCM Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua anh minh, gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t 88","anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vua cha l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh t\u00e0i ba nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt... l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng - v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c hung h\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 tung ho\u00e0nh su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u00c2u sang \u00c1 khi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebft bao d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i kinh ho\u00e0ng - v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1285 v\u00e0 1288. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng khoan h\u00f2a nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 hai cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u00ecnh Than v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng m\u00e3i s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng (1293) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ed1n ph\u1ed3n hoa \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao sang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda Ph\u1eadt. H\u00e0ng t\u00f9ng gi\u00e0 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh tay c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0 89","C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tu \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng sau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf Y\u00ean T\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra d\u00f2ng thi\u1ec1n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng thi\u1ec1n mang \u0111\u1eadm s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u00d4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1308 t\u1ea1i am Ng\u1ecda V\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed, th\u1ecd 50 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang \u00f4ng. Th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9a Hoa Y\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ch\u00f9a m\u1ed9t con d\u1ed1c. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn m\u1ed9. Th\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. L\u00fac tr\u1eddi quang 90","m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft l\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 nh\u00ecn su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y nay. Hai b\u00ean t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a khu ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p l\u00e0 hai tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 tay ngai; ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c xu\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0ng t\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n do vua Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac l\u00ean tu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao b\u1ecdc. Th\u00e1p c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng vu\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c to l\u1edbn. Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 xanh gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9ng \u0111u\u00f4i c\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ec. T\u1eeb l\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tu s\u1eefa. Qua d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n tu s\u1eeda sau c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 5 t\u1ea7ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 7 m\u00e9t. Th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang - th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0 91","Trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean th\u00e1p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 d\u00e3i d\u1ea7u ng\u00f3t 700 n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t di\u1ec1m c\u00e1nh sen hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1m tinh t\u1ebf vi\u1ec1n bao quanh t\u1ea7ng b\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00e1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00fap sen kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. C\u00f2n di\u1ec1m m\u00e1i ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh hoa d\u00e2y v\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00fd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong l\u00f2ng t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, cao 62cm, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1eafng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u1ed5 \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh: Hai ch\u00e2n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng, ch\u00e2n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch li\u00ean hoa t\u1ecda (ng\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh hoa sen). Hai tay t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n tr\u00e1i, ri\u00eang tay ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n co du\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 trong khi ng\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fa. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u0169, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f3c, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n. M\u0169i to, m\u00f4i d\u1ea7y, nh\u00e2n trung s\u00e2u. M\u1eaft h\u01a1i l\u00f5m, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng nguy\u1ec7t mi cong, trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u00ecn xa x\u0103m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i n\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m ph\u00fac h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha. Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1c \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u00e1o ch\u1ec9 kho\u00e1c n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 n\u1eeda ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 vai ph\u1ea3i; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e9t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1eadu Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u1ec1 sau \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u kho\u00e1c \u00e1o n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft y ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 trong Nam m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi L\u00fd - Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng? T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 kh\u00e1 cao. Ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. 92","\u1ea2nh ph\u1ea3i: Th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh, tr\u00f9ng tu 1719. 2. Th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u1ea2nh tr\u00e1i: Hoa v\u0103n hoa sen tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh, th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Quang, v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m. Huy\u1ec1n Quang t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i, qu\u00ea \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Nam S\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u khoa thi h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u1eeda thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p Loa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u00d4ng tu \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a L\u00e2n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a \u1edf Y\u00ean T\u1eed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tu ch\u00f9a C\u00f4n S\u01a1n. \u00d4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m 1334, th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i. 93","Th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n do B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, Huy\u1ec1n Quang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng ph\u00eda sau ch\u00f9a C\u00f4n S\u01a1n, s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n n\u00fai, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea9n. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung, v\u1ec1 sau b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i 94","Chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea7ng 2 th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh. \u1ea2nh: T\u1ed1 Nh\u01b0 cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 cao l\u1edbn 3 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1c ch\u00e2n dung \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf trong th\u00e1p. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p c\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u0110\u0103ng Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 cao 5 m\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb9p. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt gi\u1eefa n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y r\u1eebng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m c\u00fang v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Trang tr\u00ed th\u00e1p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang, ch\u00e2n b\u1ec7 th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafp hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh sen vi\u1ec1n quanh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang, \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00fap hoa sen kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Hoa sen, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng thanh khi\u1ebft, \u201cg\u1ea7n b\u00f9n m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f4i tanh m\u00f9i b\u00f9n\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9. 95","C\u00e1c b\u1edd t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110\u0103ng Minh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh hoa sen b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh hoa 6 c\u00e1nh, h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed9n kh\u00fac, h\u00ecnh l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng h\u00e0o quang, h\u00ecnh s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c con s\u01a1n v.v... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m th\u00fay, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. TH\u00c1P L\u01afU NI\u1ec6M \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1p kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi L\u00fd - Tr\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u to l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p cho ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean d\u1ef1ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1057 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Th\u00e1p cao h\u01a1n 60 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u01a1n h\u00e0 y\u00ean \u1ed5n\u201d. \u1ea2nh 1: To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh. \u1ea2nh: \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a \u1ea2nh 2: L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u1ea2nh: S\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 96","97","S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng Ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh 98"]