7th grade flip book

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● Epidermis- outermost layer of the skin● Hair follicle- the area where the hair root is● Sebum- thick oily substance produced by sebaceous glands● Keratin- protein that keeps skin dry and waterproof● Macule- flat spot on the skin such as a freckle● Papule- firm raised area such as a pimple● Crust- area of dried pus and blood like scabs● Heparin- released in response to injury● Abscess- localized collection of purulent exudate pus with a circumcised area● Sweat Gland- help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat

● Athletes foot- fungal infection that usually begins between the toes● Eczema- medical condition where patches of skin become rough and inflamed

● Dermatologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin● Cosmetic surgeon- specializes in surgical reconstruction of body structure



● Movement of your body

● Epimysium- layer of fascia that separates the muscle into bundles of muscle fibers● Sarcolemma- cell wall of the muscle cell● Myofilament- contractile proteins, actin and myosin, of muscle cells● Transverse tubules- channels within the muscle cell containing fluid to send nerve impulses to the z band● Motor unit- has motor neurons and all the muscle fibers it controls● Static Contraction- muscle contractions occur with no movement● Antagonist- the muscle that performs the opposite movement to the agonist● Fixator- muscles that act to stabilize a body part so that another muscle can act on an adjacent limb or body part● ATP- main energy source that cells use for most of their work● Muscle contraction- tensing of a muscle

● Hernia- condition where part of an organ gets displaced and goes through the wall cavity● Tendonitis- inflammation of the tendon

● Orthopedic Surgeon- treats injuries involving bones, joints, muscles, and tendons● Sports medicine- treats sports related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles



● transmission of nerve cells● Controls the body and communication among its parts

● Things that carry impulses to the cell body● Axons- carry impulses from the cell● Neurilemma- thin cellular membrane● Microglial- phagocytic properties, may become very active during times of infection● Neurons- transmit impulses, identified by the direction the impulses travel● Menings- 3 covering provide protection to the brain● Autonomis- regulates involuntary muscles and glands● Spinal cord- main pathway of transmission of information between the brain and body● Synapse- message jumps from one neuron to another● Sodium gate- proteins in membrane that allow sodium in

● Multiple Sclerosis- disease that damages the nerve in spinal cord and brain as well as the optic nerve● Alzheimer's disease- progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions

● Neuroscientist- general term for someone who studies the nervous system● Psychiatrist- M.D. who diagnoses and treats mental disorders



● Senses allow humans interpret their surroundings● Being able to hear, see, smell, and taste are all possible because of this system

● Aqueous humor- clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris● Choroid coat- interlaced with many blood vessels that nourish the eyes● Cornea- circular , transparent part of the front sclera that allows light rays in the eye● Iris- colored portion of the eye● Lacrimal glands- produce tears, which constantly moisten and cleanse the eye● Ossicles- 3 small bones in the middle of the ear that amplify sound waves● Pinna- elastic cartilage covered by skin● Pupil- opening in the center of the iris● Sclera- outer most layer is tough connective tissue● Vestibule- acts as the entrance to the two other parts of the inner ear

● Tinnitus- ringing or buzzing in the ears● Bell Palsy- abrupt paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face due to dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve

● Ophthalmologist- MD who specializes in eye and vision care● Optician- technicians trained to design, verify, and fit eye glass lenses and frames, contact lenses, and other devices to correct eyesight



● Blood circulates through the body to provide individual cells with oxygen and nutrients and helps dispose of metabolic waste.

● Mediastinum- space between the lungs where the heart lies● Atria- Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart● Ventricles- bottom chambers of the heart that send out blood● Aorta- largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body● Capillary- a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange● Blood vessels- blood travels throughout your body in hollow tubes● Veins- blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart● Pulmonary circulation- circulation between the heart and lungs● Artery- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart● Valves- flaplike structures that are located between the atria and ventricles

● Heart attack- condition in which the blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, which causes heart cells to die● Stroke- when a blood vessel in the brain comes clogged or ruptures

● Cardiologists- combating diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular system● Cardiovascular technician- uses imaging technology to help diagnose cardiac diseases in patients



● Gas exchange, moving air, production of sound, assist smell, and protects respiratory surfaces

● Conducting portion- nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles● Alveoli- air-filled pockets within the lungs where most all gas exchange takes place● Pharynx- common passageway for food, liquids, and air; aka throat● Larynx- cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; aka the voice box● Bronchus- either of the two main branches of the trachea● Mucus- traps particles in mucus before they reach delicate alveoli● Epiglottis- flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing● Inhalation- breathing air into the lungs● Exhalation- breathing air out of the lungs● Respiratory rate- breath per minute

● Dyspnea- difficulty breathing● Cystic Fibrosis- inheritable disease that affects not only the lungs but other systems producing mucous such as the digestive system

● Respiratory Therapist- Work under a physician's supervisions to take care of patients with lung problems● Pulmonologists- specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases



● Digestion and absorption inside the human body.

● Cecum- pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine● Flatulence- the presence of excessive gas in the digestive tract● Glycogen- polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver● Ptyalin- salivary amylase converts starches to simple sugars● Rugae- wrinkle in the stomach that allows for size changes in the stomach● Alimentary canal- entire digestive tube from the mouth to the anus● Esophagus- the passage between the pharynx and the stomach● Pancreatic Duct- conducts pancreatic juice from pancreas to duodenum of small intestine● Ileum- end portion of small intestine● Large Intestine- water is removed before eliminating waste

● Appendicitis- acute inflammation of the appendix usually resulting from an obstruction and infection● Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder

● Gastroenterology- medical specialty most concerned with diseases and conditions of the digestive system● Oncologist- specialties in surgical and non- surgical treatment of cancers



● Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine

● Arteriole- small artery● Catheter- tube for injecting or removing fluids● Cortex- outer layer of the kidney● Electrolyte- solution that conducts electricity● Hilium- entrance for renal artery and vein● Meatus- opening or canal● Medulla- inner part of an organ or structure in plant and animal● Reabsorption- process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel● Urea- major nitrogen waste product excreted in urine● Urinary bladder- sac that holds the urine

● Urinary tract infection- bacteria makes their way into the digestive tract into the urinalysis system● Kidney stones- solid deposit that occurs and It forms inside the kidney, out of substances found in urine

● Urology- urologist provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women● Gynecologists- specializes in the care for female health problems



● Male- produce millions of sperm and deliver them to unite with a single egg to create life● Female- Create and support new life by ovaries that produce the eggs, uterus that holds the developing child, deliver the baby, and produce milk for the baby after birth.

● Scrotum- encloses, protects, and supports the testicles● Vas deferens- leads from the epididymis to the urinary bladder● Prostate gland- lies under the bladder and surrounds the upper end of the urethra in the region● Sperm- male gametes● Prepuce- covers and protects the glans penis● Labia- vaginal lips that protect the external genitalia urethra meatus● Clitoris- organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior of the vaginal opening and the urethra meatus● Perineum- region between the vaginal orifice and the anus● Areola- dark pigmented area that surrounds the nipple● Ovaries- pair of small almond shaped organs located in the lower abdomen, one on the other side of the uterus

● Phimosis- narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it can not be retracted to expose the glans penis● Hydrocele- hernia filled with fluid in the testicles or the tubes leading from the testicles

● Andrologists- medical profession dealing with the health of the male reproductive system● Urologist- study of surgical and medical diseases of the male and female reproductive system