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Rosa Estopà Coordinator My First Dictionary of Science ARTE & LIVROS

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Rosa Estopà Coordinator My First Dictionary of Science 2022

© 2022 Rosa Estopà Authors: kids of the Annexa-Joan Puigbert and Sant Nicolau Schools of the first and second level (years 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2011-2012). Redactors and linguistic correctors: Ona Domènech, Rosa Estopà and Sílvia Grisó; Alba Coll and Elisabet Llopart. Scientific assessors: Jordi Martí and Toni Valero-Cabré Collaborators: Carina Colomé, Milena Lütz ans M. Amor Montané; Laura Anaya, Mariona Anglí, Noemí Castillo, Aura Jiménez. English adaptation and translation: Idiomatic Languages Services Graphic design, cover and layout: Paulo Roberto da Silva ([email protected]) Catalog sheet M995 My first dictionary of science [recurso eletrônico] / Rosa Estopà, coordinator. – Florianópolis : Ed. Arte&Livros, 2022. 108 p. : il. ; 15 x 15 cm. Modo de acesso: http://defciencia.iula.upf.edu/ ISBN 978-65-88719-16-9 (e-book) 1. Science – Dictionaries. 2. Children’s dictionaries. I. Estopà, Rosa. CDU: 030.2:5/6 Catalog sheet prepared by Onélia Silva Guimarães CRB-14/071 2022 | E-book Ed. Arte&Livros R: João Meirelles, 1213 - Apt. 107, Tower C Abraão | Florianópolis-SC | Cep 88085-201 Tel. 6 55 48 | 99971-2285

We express our gratitude to the team of teachers at the Annexa-Joan school Puigbert and Sant Nicolau that made possible the systematic work and constant processing of the information contained in the dictionary during the period 2009- 2012: Maite Agustí, Joel Aranda, Judith Baró, Francesc Brugué, Salut Camps, Montse Escalera, Núria Llobet, Susanna Mestres, Inés Morera de la Vall, Míriam Muñoz (coord.), Núria Ribot, Francesc Solé, Montse Valentí, Isabel Vela, Magda Urgelés (coord.). This work has been developed within the Playing to define science project (http:// defciencia.iula.upf.edu/), funded by the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (Scientific Culture and Innovation Program, 2011, FECYT- FCT-11-2501).



My first dictionary of science is a very special book. It is special because it has been written by boys and girls of five, six, seven and eight years old who think like you and who are the same age as you. It is also special because they have written it for you. And finally is a special book because it’s not a story but a dictionary. And a dictionary for you, made with everything that boys and girls of your age know, is something very rare: it’s a different kind of book, original and new, that I think you will like very much! But what is a dictionary? A dictionary, according to the boys and girls themselves, is a book that explains what certain words mean, but it’s also a book that tells you how to write these words and how you use them. A dictionary is also a book that you don’t have to read in a single day, rather you can look at it little by little and read bits more than once, because no doubt every time you do you will find new ideas and information. And remember that you can start reading it at any page, even the last one! When the boys and girls made this dictionary, they used all their imagination to try and explain to you what each word means. And they did this by saying what the word meant and also how and when they used it, they even drew it!

8 My First Dictionary of Science And what will you find? In this dictionary, you will find words, definitions, explanations, and drawings. But how many and what words? This dictionary will tell you about 90 words and 128 different meanings because there are words that mean more than just one thing. The words of this first dictionary of science are very basic words used by experts in different scientific disciplines (such as mathematics, medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, law, etc.) with a specific meaning. Boys and girls like you have heard and have used some of these words (water, brain, space, human rights, experiment, energy, ice, number, computer, zero, etc.) and no doubt you already know a lot about these words, but perhaps you would like to know more. Well, this dictionary will explain words to you in an easy and understandable way. But don’t think that the definitions of these words have been made by just one boy or girl, not at all! Instead, they have been built up from everything that 500 boys and girls knew about them, because between all of you, you definitely do know what this dictionary has to say! How did we do it? The children that worked on this project come from primary years one and two from the schools Annexa Joan-Puigbert de Girona and Sant Nicolau de Sabadell. For three school years (2009-2012), these children became little- big lexicographers (the people who make dictionaries) and produced files in

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 9 which they explained the meaning of the words and they also did a drawing. All this material was entered into a computer and various experts (language, teaching and science experts in) have studied it. So, these experts made the definitions using the accumulated knowledge of the boys and girls. They only selected information that is true from the scientific point of view, and based on this selection of information they have built a single definition, which is the one contained in this dictionary. Now here’s a secret: no information was added that had not been provided by the students! The experts built up the definitions using clear language and they used words that were included in the definitions made by the boys and girls. They followed a definition model that was sentence-based, including the reader in the wording and trying to contextualise the meaning of the words. The selection of the content was made on the basis of more general uses, and never on just possible uses. This is why there are words which, even though they might have other meanings, only include those that the boys and girls have mentioned. Finally, a drawing made by the boys and girls was chosen for each definition. This drawing is aimed at complementing the explanation of the word. All in all, we believe that we have put together an original dictionary: original because it is adapted to the needs of children of such early age groups, original because it was made using the knowledge and words of children aged 5 to 8 years, and also original because the recipients are boys and girls who are just starting to read and to write. A dictionary is a work made by team of people! As a dictionary is never made by just one person, it is necessary to thank everyone who participated in this collaboration.Firstly, a very big thank

10 My First Dictionary of Science you to the true architects of the work: the boys and girls from the schools Annexa-Joan Puigbert (Girona) and Sant Nicolau (Sabadell) in the first (years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011) and second years of primary (years 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012), and to the teachers who accompanied their work through this journey. Maite Agustí, Joel Aranda, Judith Baró, Francesc Brugué, Salut Camps, Montse Escalera, Núria Llobet, Susanna Mestres, Inés Morera de la Vall, Míriam Muñoz (coord.), Núria Ribot, Francesc Solé, Montse Valentí, Isabel Vela, Magda Urgelés (coord.). And to Carina Colomé who believed in the project right from the start. We are also very grateful to: Milena Lütz, for the enthusiasm she showed in carrying out the tasks of selecting and scanning all the boys’ and girls’ drawings. M. Amor Montané, teacher of the students Mariona Anglí, Laura Anaya, Noemí Castillo and Aura Jiménez, who carried out their end of degree course study within the framework of this project. Alba Coll and Elisabet Llopart, who participated enthusiastically on the definitions editing team. Silvia Grisó, who took part, with her critical eye and active attitude, in the automation, linguistic composition and correcting of the definitions. Jordi Martí and Antonio Valero-Cabré, who looked at the information as scientists and made very valuable contributions to ensure the quality of the dictionary. Ona Domènech, who accompanied the project at all times, being involved in the correction of the dictionary and advising us with her constantly wise judgement. Idiomatic Language Services for the faithful translation of the book. Dan Creus, who encouraged me and helped me make this book possible in English. Lastly, although she should really be the first, because she gave me the idea and the strength to go ahead with the project, I want to thank my daughter Martina for her curiosity for words, and the fact that when she was 5 she would not stop asking me: “Mum, what does this word mean? And what about that

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 11 one?”. Her insistence led me to the conclusion that is the origin of the whole project: this girl needs a dictionary! Have a very good read! Rosa Estopà (Girona, February, 2013)



Nombre masculino REol asiareEesstotrpaàns(pCaoroerndt.e) e incoloro. Puede ser caliente, como el que sale de un radiador o un secado1r,3o frío, como el del aire acondicionado. Las personas, los animales y las plantas necesitamos aire para vivir. En el espacio no hay aire. air Air noun Noun Air is transparent and colourless. It can be hot like the air that comes out of a hAier aistetrranosprahreanitr adnrdyceorl,ouorrlescso. Iltdcaansbeinhoatirlikceotnhediatiirotnhaint gco.mPeesooputleo,f aanheimatearlsorahnaidr dprylaern, tosr ncoeldeads ianiraitrocolnivdeit.ioInninsg.pPaeocpelet,haneirmealissanndopalainr.ts need air to live. In space there is no air. Júlia Júlia

Un acuario es una caja de vidrio llena de agua, algas y arena, donde viven animales marinos, como peces, tiburones, tortugas, pulpos y caballitos de mar. Los acuarios son más grandes que las peceras. 1N4ombre masculino My First Dictionary of Science aquariumAcuario también es el signo del zodíaco que tienen las personas nacidas entre el 20 de enero y el 19 de febrero. noun Aquarium An aquarium is a glass tank filled with water, seaweed and sand, where marine aNnoimunals such as fish, sharks, turtles, octopuses and sea horses live. Aquariums aAren alaqurgareiurmthisaangnlaossrmtanakl ffiilslehd wtaitnhkwsa.ter, seaweed and sand, where marine animals such as fish, nounsharks, turtles, octopuses and sea horses live. Aquariums are larger than normal fish tanks. ANqouunarius is the sign of the zodiac for people who were born between January 2A0qtuhaarinusdisFtheebsrigunaorfyth1e9zothd.iac for people who were born between January 20th and February 19th. Ariadna Ariadna

contar mentiras ou bater em outras crianças. Das assembleias costumam sair normas aprovadas por 15 todos e que devem ser cumpridas. Rosa EstopAàsam(Cboleoard.) Nombre femenino assemblyUna asamblea es una reunión de gente que habla de cosas que se tienen que mejorar o de problemas que se tienen que solucionar. En una asamblea se puede reunir toda la escuela (profesores y profesoras, noun y también niños y niñas) para hablar de problemas, como por ejemplo correr por los pasillos, contar mentiras o pegar a otros niños. De las asambleas suelen salir unas normas pactadas entre todos que se tienen que cumplir. An assembly is a meeting of people who talk about things that need to be improvedAssoermbplyroblems that must be addressed. An assembly can be held to bring togNeouthn er the whole school (the teachers and all the boys and girls) to discuss pArnoabsselemmblysis,asmuecethingaosf preuopnlenwinhogtaalkloabnogut tthhinegscthoatrrniededotrosb,etiemlplirnovgedlioersproobrlemhsittthinatg other children. mAusstsbeemaddbrelisesesd. aAnreassoemftbelyncahnebeldhesldototbhriangt tpogeetohepr ltehecwahonle mschaookle(thae gteraecheerms aendnatlsl about thattchheeildvbroeeynrs.yaAonsdsnegmeirblslm)ietsouadsriestcouofstsebpnerohybe.lledmsso, such as running along the corridors, telling lies or hitting other rules that people can make agreements about rules that everyone must obey. Mariona Mariona

16 My First Dictionary of Science astronaut noun An astronaut is a person who travels in a rocket or on a spacecraft to explore and study space. Sometimes they take bits of planets or satellites and take photos of them so that they can study them and exhibit them in museums. Astronauts wear special suits so that they can float about and live in space. Isona

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 17 blood blood     noun noun   WhBbaolohvdoeeynd.aBwbislooeuaoftdaw5llisaolirtvrmreecrsuyretoidmfobuplilqroosuro Bbtie  mtoilldadloov p cn.ooeuoftdWdlsrro fe t ,   icoawes o pb n r  amiectlnl o   io w  avegfopoisnanld r r eto g m gh  l u wicirv t bv  oroh i  eenoeuomdgfc g b   a  t  leabhihrlqosueeeu oc s t   i  oiwlaheddl.uueo   fsittutleoovnoc w  eidcaftii. nnu r t c Arhgsraidee e r turashiplwerntooessdo u x o  uougypstxhgnuhyl e a edgtehlen.lwyenaA i   h h vrn  itdenaoteiovtunroealiste t  r   sat h aeshbneeuoidol s lb u .b f tutoho o a5dedu l y   yl layi.r.tr  rtWeesrh i  oeesfn    b o   wlfo e oo u     LaLuaraura    

formado por neurônios. Existem animais que também têm cérebro, mas é diferente do cérebro das pessoas. Se nãotivéssemoscérebro, não seríamos pessoas. 18 Cerebro My First Dictionary of Science brain Nombre masculino noun El cerebro es una parte del cuerpo humano que está dentro del cráneo y que sirve para pensar y también para estudiar, leer, escuchar, hablar, andar, trabajar, elegir... El cerebro es blando, redondeado y está formado por neuronas. Hay animales que también tienen cerebro, pero es diferente del de las personas. Si no tuviéramos cerebro no seríamos personas. The brain is a part of the human body which is inside the skull and is used to think and also Btroainstudy, read, listen, speak, walk, work, choose… The brain is soft, rounded aNonudn is made up of neurones. There are also animals that have brains, but theTyheabrraein dis aiffpearrteofntthefhruomman btohdyewhhicuhmis inasnide bthreaskinull.anIfd iws ueseddtoidthnin’ktanhdaavlsoetoastubdyr,ain, we wouldn’t be people.read, listen, speak, walk, work, choose…The brain is soft, rounded and is made up of neurones. There are also animals that have brains, but they are different from the human brain. If we didn’t have a brain, we wouldn’t be people. Carme Carme

dióxido de carbono. Quando nos resfriamos, temos dificuldade de respirar porque o nariz fica entupido. Rosa Estopà (Coord.R)espirar 19 Verbo breathe Cuando respiramos, cogemos y soltamos aire por la boca o por la nariz. Los seres vivos tenemos que verb respirar para vivir porque necesitamos oxígeno. Cuando cogemos aire, los pulmones cogen oxígeno y sacan dióxido de carbono. Cuando nos resfriamos, nos cuesta más respirar porque tenemos la nariz tapada. When we breatheBr,eawthee take and draw in air through our mouth or nose. As living beings, we must breathe in order to live because we need oxygen. When we take in air, our luVnegrbs draw in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. When we have a cold, it is mWhoenrewedbifrfeiacthuel,twfeotrakuesantdodrbawreinatahir ethrbouegch aouursmeouwtheorhnaosvee. Aas libvinlog cbekinegds, -wuepmust breathe in order to live because we need oxygen. When we take in air, our lungs draw in oxygen and get nose. rid of carbon dioxide. When we have a cold, it is more difficult for us to breathe because we have a blocked-up nose. Martín Martín

calendário sabemos os dias que são feriados, porque estão pintados com uma cor diferente. No calendário também podemos marcar datas importantes, como os aniversários e os dias em que saímos 20 de férias ou vamos à casa de um amigo ou uma amiga. My First Dictionary of Science Calendario calendar Nombre masculino Un calendario es un papel en el que están escritos los días, las semanas y los meses del año. Con un noun calendario sabemos los días que son fiesta porque están pintados con un color diferente. En un calendario también podemos marcar las fechas importantes, como los cumpleaños, los santos y los días A calendar is a sheeqtueonfospvaampoes dreoconlonwiahs oica hcasaa rdee uwn armitigtoeonamthigea. days, weeks and months of the year. With a cCaalelnednardar we know which days are public holidays because they are shown in aNdouinfferent colour. On a calendar we can also mark important dates such as birthdays, saints days and the dates that we are going to camp or to a friend’s house.A calendar is a sheet of paper on which are written the days, weeks and months of the year. With a calendar we know which days are public holidays because they are shown in a different colour. On a calendar we can also mark important dates such as birthdays, saints days and the dates that we are going to camp or to a friend’s house. Xavier Xavier

chimpanzé sobe em galhos e em árvores. Anda curvado e costuma ser preto ou marrom. Ele gosta de 21 comer ervas, bananas, amendoins, cocos, frutas etc. O chimpanzé tem pelos e quatro patas com cinco dedos em cada uma, e nasce da barriga da mãe. Os chimpanzés são da mesma família dos macacos e Rosa Estopà d(oCsogoorrildas..) Chimpancé chimpanzeeNombre masculino Un chimpancé es un animal de tierra que puede vivir en la selva o, si lo cazan, en el zoo. El chimpancé se noun sube por los árboles y las ramas. Anda agachado y suele ser de color negro o marrón. Le gusta comer hierba, plátanos, cacahuetes, cocos, frutas, etc. El chimpancé tiene pelo y cuatro patas con cinco dedos en cada una y nace del vientre de la madre. Los chimpancés son de la misma familia que los monos y los A chimpanzgoerileas.is a land animal that can live in the jungle or, if they catch one, in the zoo. The chimpanzee climbs up trees and swings through the branches. It walks a littlCehimhpuannzece hed over and is usually black or brown. It likes eating grass, bananas, pNeouan nuts, coconuts, all kinds of fruit, etc. The chimpanzee has fur and four leAcghiscmhpimwanpzaientezhecelifmiisvbsaeulaptnodtreeaenssimanaodl ntshwaitengcasancthlhrivoeugoihnntthheee bjaruannngcldeheos.irs,Itifwbtaholeksyrnacaltitcfthrleoohnmuen,cihnietdsthoevmezroooa.ntdThhieser’s womb. Chimpanzeuesusallyabrlaeck forrobmrownt.hItelikessaeamtineg gfraassm, bailnyanaass, pemanuotsn, ckoceoynusts,aalnl kdindgs oof rfriulliat, set.c. The chimpanzee has fur and four legs with five toes on each one and is born from its mother’s womb. Chimpanzees are from the same family as monkeys and gorillas. Lluís Lluís

formato de O. Existem muitos objetos que têm a forma de círculo, como uma lupa, uma roda ou uma cara. 22 Círculo My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino circle Un círculo es una forma geométrica redonda que se puede dibujar en un papel y que tiene forma de noun Hay muchos objetos que tienen forma de círculo, como una lupa, una rueda o una cara. Circle A circle is a geometricNosuhnape that can be drawn on a piece of paper and is shaped like an O. There are many objects that are circle-shaped, such as a magnifying glass, a whAeceirlcloe risaa gfeaocmee.tric shape that can be drawn on a piece of paper and is shaped like an O. There a many objects that are circle-shaped, such as a magnifying glass, a wheel or a face. Queralt Quer

Ciudadano, ciudadana Nombre masculino y femenino 23 Rosa Estopà (Coord.) Un ciudadano o una ciudadana es una persona que vive en una ciudad. Adjetivo citizenCuando decimos que somos ciudadanos o ciudadanas de un lugar, significa que vivimos allí. Si vivimos nounen Girona o en Sabadell, somos ciudadanos de estas ciudades. Citizen A citizen is a person who lives in a city. Noun nounA citizen is a person who lives in a city. When wNoeunsay that we are citizens of a place, that means that we live there. If we live in PWohretnoweAsleaygtrheat,wSeãaore PcitaizeunlsoofoarpGlacier,otnha,t imneSanps tahiant ,wwe leiveathreerec. iItf iwzeenlivse ion fGtirhoneasoer cities. Sabadell, we are citizens of these cities. Ània Ània

deserto faz muito calor. No Brasil, há diversos tipos de clima. Por exemplo, no Sul faz mais frio e no Norte, mais calor. 24 Clima My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino climateEl clima es el tiempo que hace en un lugar, como la temperatura que suele hacer o si suele haber sol, frío, lluvia o nieve. En cada sitio del mundo hay un clima diferente. En el Polo Norte hace mucho frío y en noun el desierto hace mucho calor. En cambio, en Cataluña tenemos un clima mediterráneo: no hace ni mucho frío ni mucho calor. The climate is the type of weather you find in one place, such as the usual temperaCtliumraete there or if it is sunny or cold, if it just rains or snows. Each part of the wNoourlnd has a different climate. At the North Pole it is very cold and in the desert it is very hot. There are diverse climates in Brazil. For example, in the south oTsfuhneBncyrlaiomzracitloelwdis, iitnfhiettejtuyrspsteraoaifnrwseoeractshoneolrdwys,o. uEyafecinhtdpiinanrtotonhfeetphleancweoo,rrsltudhchh,aastshatedhieyffeuraseurnaetl ctelnimmopatet.er.aIAtnutrtechteohNenroetrrtoharPsifotli,et iiistn Cataloniisavetrhy ecolcdlaimndaintetheisdeMseret dit iisteverrryahnoet.aInnc:onntreasitth, ineCrattoaloonica othledclnimoatretios Moehditoetrr.anean: neither too cold nor too hot. Xènia Xènia

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 25 compass noun compass   A compass  is an object similar to a clock that we use to guide us and show which way isnoNuno  rth, South, East and West. It has a pointer that always points to the North  so that, if we get lost, we can always tell where the North is. Hikers adventuSAro e cuortsmh,p a Eaalswsst  a i  asy n  asdn   W ocbaejsertrc.yt  I  ts a i  hmacisla o  ar m   ptoop  iana  tceslors c  tkht  atoht a  aotl w r wiaeeyn  su t s paeo t  tienot  gst h u  tioed  emth  uess  N e  aolnvrdet h  ss h  sooaw  nif   w d wheni c  gohe t  tw  lgaoyse t  it,s  w  Neo  rctahn,    and lost. always   tell   where   the   North   is.   Hikers   and   adventurers   always   carry   a   compass   to   orientate   themselves  and  not  get  lost.     Nora   Nora      

teclado com as letras do alfabeto, números e outras teclas. Pode ter um mouse para clicar e mover pela tela. 26 Ordenador My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino computer Un ordenador es una máquina electrónica que se utiliza para trabajar, guardar información y también noun para jugar. Podemos conectarnos a Internet para escribir y enviar correos, buscar información, dibujar, escuchar música, guardar las fotografías y ver vídeos. Tiene una pantalla y un teclado con las letras del abecedario, números y más teclas. Puede tener un ratón para poder clicar o para movernos por la pantalla. A computer is an electronic machine that we use to work, save information and also to play. We can cCoomnpnuteerct to the Internet and write and send emails, search for information, draw,Noluisnten to music, store photos and watch videos. It has a screen and a keyboAacormdpuwteritishantheleectrloenitctmearcshinoe fthatthwee uaselptohwaobrk,esatv,e ninuformmabtioenrasndaalnsodto oplatyh. eWre can keys. It can have a mocounnsecet tfoothre cInltiecrnketinangd worinte aondr smendoevmianilsg, seaarrcoh ufonr idnfortmhaetions,cdrraewe, linste.n to music, store photos and watch videos. It has a screen and a keyboard with the letters of the alphabet, numbers and other keys. It can have a mouse for clicking on or moving around the screen. Roger Roger

jogador se concentre. Rosa EstCoonpcàen(tCraoroserd.) 27 Verbo concentrateCuando nos concentramos nos quedamos en silencio para poder pensar y hacer bien el trabajo. Los niños y niñas tienen que concentrarse para escuchar al profesor o profesora y para hacer los deberes y los exámenes sin distraerse. En algunas competiciones, como en el tenis, también hay que estar callado verb para que el jugador o jugadora se concentre. When wCoencecnotrantecentrate, we are quiet so that we can think and do our work well. Boys and girls have to concentrate to listen to the teacher, do their homework and exVaemrb s without getting distracted. In some competitions, such as tennis, you alsWohehnawveecotnocenbtreateq, wueieatresqouietthsoatthatthwee cpanlatyhienkracndadno ocuor nwocrkewnetlrl.aBtoeys. and girls have to concentrate to listen to the teacher, do their homework and exams without getting distracted. In some competitions, such as tennis, you also have to be quiet so that the player can concentrate. Queralt Queralt

Constelación My First Dictionary of Science 28Nombre femenino Una constelación es un grupo de estrellas que forman una especie de dibujo en el cielo, como la Osa coMnasyotreo llalOasatMioennor. noCuonnstellation A cNoonunstellation is a group of stars that form a kind of drawing in the sky, such as AthceonBsteigllatBioenaisr a(Ugrrosuap oMf satajorsr)thaatnfdormthaekLinidttolef dBraewainrg(iUn rtsheasMky,insuocrh).as the Big Bear (Ursa Major) and the Little Bear (Ursa Minor). Xènia Xènia

Temos que contar quando fazemos somas, subtrações, multiplicações ou divisões. Também podemos 29 dizer fazer conta. Para fazer conta usamos a cabeça. Contar Rosa Estopà (Coord.) Verbo Cuando contamos, decimos cuántas cosas hay, como por ejemplo la cantidad de lápices de color que counthay en una caja. Y decimos por orden: uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco... Verbo verbTenemos que contar cuando hacemos sumas, restas, multiplicaciones o divisiones. Para contar usamos la cabeza. When we count, we say how many things there are, such as the number of penciClosunitn a box. We speak in an order: one, two, three, four, five... Verb verbWhen we count, we say how many things there are, such as the number of pencils in a box. Wespeak in an order: one, two, three, four, five... When we do additions, subtractions, multiplications or divisions, we have to Verb count. To count we use our head. When we do additions, subtractions, multiplications or divisions, we have to count. To count we use our head. Ània Ània

As crateras também são os buracos redondos que tem na Lua. As crateras da Lua podem ser vistas da Terra. 30 Cráter My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino crater Un cráter es el agujero, normalmente de forma redonda, que se encuentra en la parte más alta de un volcán. Cuando un volcán explota sale fuego, humo y lava por el cráter. noun Nombre masculino Los cráteres también son unos agujeros redondos que hay en la Luna. Los cráteres de la Luna se pueden A crater is a dviepr deosdrehlaoTileerr,a.which is usually round in shape, and is found at the top of a volcanCroat.erWhen a volcano erupts, fire, smoke and lava come out of the crater. Noun noun A crater is a dip or hole, which is usually round in shape, and is found at the top of a volcano. When a volcano erupts, fire, smoke and lava come out of the crater. Craters are also bowl-shaped dips found on the Moon. The craters on the Moon can be Nsoeuen n from Earth. Craters are also bowl-shaped dips found on the moon. The craters on the Moon can be seen from Earth. Luca Luca

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) death   31 death   noun     noun wisewdhiee,noulifreheenadrtss.toApllDhseleivaaainnrttdhg  s  witbsoe e  pwindshg o  aesnnn’dtd   l ib  iwefr:eee ah  e  dtunhomden.sa’.tnP    Abse,rlole pa   lainlevtihminaeang.l d  s Pbeaeaoninnpimdglesap  l adslaniencd:at s   anh.nuimmaanlss  c, a  a Death When die for different reasons, suchagaes,o  illdlnaegsse,,  billenceasuss, eb e  ocfa  au  sseeroiof uass  aecricoiudsenatc  coird  benetcause  the or because they were killed.   adjective   adjective   A dead person is someone wAh  odeisadno  pleornsgoenr  ilisv i snogm. Weoensea  ywthhoa t  isa  nlivoin  lgonbgeeinrg  liivsing.  We  s dead or that a person is deadpewrshoenn  itsh  deyeahda v  wehloesnt  tthheeyir  hlifaev. e  lost  their  life.     Íngrid Íngrid  

pessoas ou de cidades. Em alguns dicionários também tem desenhos. 32 Diccionario My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino dictionaryUn diccionario es un libro que explica cómo se escriben algunas palabras y lo que quieren decir. Estas palabras están ordenadas por orden alfabético. En un diccionario aparecen palabras como árbol, avión, barca, casa, cebra, hipopótamo, kiwi, los meses del año o los días de la semana, pero no aparecen los nounnombres de personas o de ciudades. En algunos diccionarios también hay dibujos. A dictiDoinctiaonryaryis a book that explains what certain words mean and how they are written. These words are arranged in alphabetical order. In a dictionary you will find woNorudns such as tree, aeroplane, house, boat, hippopotamus, kiwi or zebra, the moA nditchtiosnaoryfistahbeookytehaatrexaplnainds wthhaet cedrtaaiyn swoordfs mtheaen awndeheowk,thebyuarte witritdteon.eTshens’etwionrdcslaurde e the namesarorafngpedeion palplehaoberticcailtoierdser.. IInnasdoictmionearydyicoutiwoilnl fainrdiewsordths seurceh aastrreee,aalesroopladnrea, hwouisneg, bso.at, hippopotamus, kiwi or zebra, the months of the year and the days of the week, but it doesn’t include the names of people or cities. In some dictionaries there are also drawings. Àngela Àngela

Digestión Rosa Estopà (Coord.) Nombre femenino 33 digestion La digestión es el proceso que sirve para triturar la comida. Hacemos la digestión después de come noun tardamos entre una y tres horas para digerir todo lo que hemos comido. Si vomitamos es porque hemos hecho bien la digestión. Si estamos haciendo la digestión es mejor que esperemos un tiem antes de bañarnos o hacer el pino. Digestion is the procDeisgesstioonur body uses to break down food. The body carries out digestion after eaNtoiunng and it takes between one and three hours to digest everything we have eaten. If we vomit, it is because we haven’t digested the food properly. If we aDarniegdeidsttitiogankeeisssbttheinetwgperoeocneuosrns eofouarnodbdothd,ryeituesihesosubtrosebttorteedaikrgedtsootwenwvefraoyoittdh.ianTghwwe ebhohidlaeyvecbaereartifeeosn.roeIuf twwdeigeveosmtioitn, itafitsebreecaa go swimming or do hwaenhadvsent’at ndidgesst.ed the food properly. If we are digesting our food, it is better to wait a while before go swimming or do handstands. Roser Roser

Dinosaurio My First Dictionary of Science 34 Nombre masculino Un dinosaurio es un animal reptil que vivió hace millones de años y que se extinguió. Algunos dinosaurdinosaurios eran carnívoros y otros eran hervíboros. Había de muchos tamaños.Algunos tenían el cuello muy largo y otros eran muy feroces y rápidos. Actualmente, podemos ver fósiles de dinosaurios en el nounzoo o en los museos. A dinoDisnoasuaurris a reptile that lived millions of years ago and became extinct. Some dinosNaouunrs were carnivorous and others were herbivores. There were many different sizes. Some had a very long neck and others were very fierce and fast. NowaAddainyossa,uraits tahreepztioleothaatnldivedmmuilslioenus mofsy,eawrseagcoaanndsbeeecamdeineoxtsinactu. rSofmoessdiinlsos.aurs were carnivorous and others were herbivores. There were many different sizes. Some had a very long neck and others were very fierce and fast. Nowadays, at the zoo and museums, we can see dinosaur fossils. Anna Anna

Un descubrimiento también es un invento que ha sido encontrado por un científico o una científica. A vdeecsecus,brpiar,rapoRhroaescjaeermEsuptnloop,dàuens(Ccpuolboarrndime.)tiaenntuoe,vosequuesannoaspeacroantooscíaco. mo un microscopio o una lupa. Se pue3de5 Discovery discovery Noun noun A discovery iAs sdoismceothvienrgymisysstoemrioeutshoinrgimmpyosrttaenrtiotuhastowreimfinpdoratnadnthtahtaptewrheafpins dhaasnndevtherabt epeenrhseaepns before or wahsahsiddneenv,esrucbheaesntrseeaesunreb.efore or was hidden, such as treasure. Noun noun sAudchiscaosvaermy iadAsgiansdlicsfioyosicnvaognervigynel,avrpseysnetioosiorpnaalelmsmouaicsdraeeonsbtchyioninapvegse.csniTetshniouetyincshtc.moSauoaslmddaeedtmisibmcayoegvsaen,rit,fsoyfciomnireganekgxteialsaamts.dpsiSlsecoo,oramvaeperlmytai,nmipceeetroostpsh,lcaettoouwpsmeee.tadhTikdihnenge’stay know about.could discover, for example, a planet that we didn’t know about. Pol Pol

36 My First Dictionary of Science earth noun The Earth is the planet where we live, along with millions of people and animals. It is the only planet where there is life, as there is water and oxygen in it. It is part of the solar system and, at the same time, of the universe. It has more water than land. It is constantly turning, but very slowly. It was formed thousands of years ago. The Earth has continents (Europe, Africa, America, Oceania and Asia) and many countries. The centre of the Earth is very hot. noun Earth is also the soil we use to plant plants. Gemma Gemma

Terremoto 37 RosaNoEmsbtorepmàa(sCcouloinrod.) Un terremoto es un conjunto de movimientos que hacen temblar la tierra. Los terremotos son earthquakepeligrosos porque hacen que las cosas se caigan, parten las carreteras y provocan otras catástrofes. No suele haber terremotos, pero a veces, cuando hay uno importante, deja muertos y heridos. noun Earthquake An earthquake is a series of movements that make the earth shudder. EarNthouqnuakes are dangerous because they make houses collapse, crack up roadAnseaanrthdqucaakeusiseaosethrieesrocf amtoavsemtreonptshtehast. mEaakerththqe ueaarkthesshuddodenr’.tEharathpqpuaeknes vaererydaongfteeronu,s but sombeectaiumseetshe,ywmhakeenhothuseesrecoilslapaseb, cigracok nupe,ropadesoapndlecaguseetokthileler dcataasntrdopihnejsu. rEeardth.quakes don’t happen very often, but sometimes, when there is a big one, people get killed and injured. Xavier Xavier

38 maiores que os da galinha. Os ovos das galinhas são formados por uma casca, uma clara e uma gema. Nós costumamos comer ovos de galinha e usamos esse alimento para fazer, por exemplo, omelete, ovo frito ou cozido, ou também quando queremos fazer uma torta, um bolo ou cupcakes. Huevo My First Dictionary of Science Nombre masculino egg Un huevo es lo que ponen algunos animales, como los pájaros, los reptiles y los peces, y de ellos salen las crías de estos animales. Los huevos pueden ser de diferente tamaño, por ejemplo, los del avestruz noun son más grandes que los de la gallina. Los huevos de las gallinas están formados por una cáscara, una clara y una yema. Nosotros solemos comer huevos de gallina y usamos este alimento para hacer, por ejemplo, una tortilla, un huevo frito o un huevo duro o también cuando queremos hacer una coca, un An egg is laid by some apanstieml oamlasgd,aslenuacs. h as birds, reptiles and fish, and out of them come the babies of theEsgge animals. The eggs can be of different sizes and, for example, ostrich eggs aNroeunmuch bigger than those of hens. Hen’s eggs consist of a shell, an egg white and a yolk. We usually eat hen’s eggs and we use this food when, for examplAaenn,imegawglsi.seTlahiedaebrgyegssocmmane baaneikmofiandlsif,gfseurceahntnassibzeoirsdmas,nrdee,pfltoeirletestxaaenmd,pflieash, ,oasftnrrdiiceohudetgogfestahgreemgmcuoocmhrebtighageebrhatbhaiaenrsdtohf-otsheesoef boiled egg, and also whheenns. Hwen’es ewggsaconntsistt oof amshaellk, aen eagg cwhaitke ean,d aayoglka. Wtee uasuualloy eratshoenm’s eeggscanadkweesus.e this food when, for example, we are making an omelette, a fried egg or a hard-boiled egg, and also when we want to make a cake, a gateau or some cakes. Oriol Oriol

Electricidad RosaNEomstborepfàem(Ceonoinrod.) 39 La electricidad es la energía que pasa a través de los hilos de las torres de electricidad y que llega a las casas a través de cables y enchufes. Gracias a la electricidad tenemos luz, y también hace que la nevera, electricityel televisor o el ordenador funcionen. Si metemos los dedos en un enchufe podemos electrocutarnos porque hay electricidad. noun ElecEtlercictriitcyityis the energy that passes through the wires of electric pylons and reacNhouens our homes by cables, sockets and plugs. Thanks to electricity we have light, and it makes the refrigerator, the TV and the computer work. If we touch soEcaclebkclteersi,cti,stoywcikseettshceaanendnepgrlugegyst.thaTahtasnphkasosstceosketlhebrcoetrucicgiahtyutwhseeewhtairhveees lriogefhtei,sleacnetdrliecitcpmtyarloikcnessittyahn.ed reaches our homes by a refrigerator, the TV and the computer work. If we touch a socket, we can get a shock because there is electricity. Lluc Lluc

40 My First Dictionary of Science energy noun energy   Energy is bthaeskfeotrbcaelln, eeetcd.eFdo n   ioonudon g r  diveerstousdoenaenrgayc.tivity. We need energy to swim, run, play noun Energy   is   the   force   needed   in   order   to   do   an   activity.   We   need   energy   to   swim basketball,  etc.  Food  gives  us  energy.   two n    oourmnk  . a   kTeheareppaliraencdeifsfe,resnutchtypaess Energy is also a power washing machines, computers and cookers, of energy, such as electricity or solar energy. Energy  is  also  a  power  to  make  appliances  such  as  washing  machines,  computers  a work.  There  are  different  types  of  energy,  such  as  electricity  or  solar  energy.     Laia Laia  

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) Um experimento é uma prova que fazemos para ver ou comprovar alguma coisa. Os cientistas e as 41 cientistas fazem experimentos. Um experimento pode ser, por exemplo, misturar elementos para observar se eles reagem entre si, observar os materiais que flutuam na água, comprovar se existe gravidade etc. A partir dos experimentos podemos estudar e descobrir coisas novas. Os experimentos podem ser feitos em muitos lugares, como em casa, em escolas ou em laboratórios. Experimento experiment Nombre masculino Un experimento es una prueba que hacemos para ver o comprobar alguna cosa. Los científicos y noun científicas hacen experimentos. Un experimento puede ser, por ejemplo, mezclar elementos para observar si reaccionan, observar los materiales que flotan en el agua, comprobar si existe la gravedad, An experiment is a test that we do to look at or check something. Scientistsetc. A partir de los experimentos podemos estudiar y descubrir cosas nuevas. Los experimentos se do pueden hacer en muchos sitios, como en casa, en escuelas o en laboratorios. experiments. An expExeperriimmenet nt can be, for example, mixing elements together to see if they react, observing what materials will float on water, checking if gravity Noun exists, etc. Experiments can be done in lots of places, such as at home, at school or in laboratories.An experiment is a test that we do to look at or check something. Scientists do experiments. An experiment can be, for example, mixing elements together to see if they react, observing what materials will float on water, checking if gravity exists, etc. Experiments can be done in lots of places, such as at home, at school or in laboratories. Samia Samia

42 O fogo é um elemento da natureza que queima papel, lenha, papelão, plástico etc. O fogo é de cor vermelha e laranja, tem chamas e faz fumaça. Podemos fazer fogo com lenha e fósforo para nos esquentar e cozinhar, mas também podemos fazer fogo batendo ou esfregando duas pedras vulcânicas uma na outra. O fogo pode provocar incêndios, que são muito perigMosoys,FeiorsstboDmibceitroios ntêamrqyueof Science apagá-los. fire Fuego Nombre masculino noun El fuego es un elemento de la naturaleza que quema papel, leña, cartón, plástico, etc. El fuego es de color rojo y naranja, y hace llamas y humo. Se puede hacer fuego con leña y una cerilla para calentarnos Fire is an elemopuceeodcneinptarroo;vpofecrnaoraitnatcmeubnirdéeinoss,teqhupeauestodnebmhuaucyrenpr efsluigergpoosaogsop,lypeeloarsn,dboowmoboferorootsadntid,eoncednaosqrupdeieibdr raoaaspavaorgladcárln,oiscp.asl.aElsfuteicgo, etc. Fire is red and oraFirnege and makes flames and smoke. You can make fire with sticks and a match to warm yourself or cook; but you can also make fire by rubbing two volcanicNosutnones together. Flames and sparks can cause fires, which are dangerous, and fire-fighters have to go to put them out.Fire is an element of nature that burns paper, wood, cardboard, plastic, etc. Fire is red and orange and very makes flames and smoke. You can make fire with sticks and a match to warm yourself or cook; but you can also make fire by rubbing two volcanic stones together. Flames and sparks can cause fires, which are very dangerous, and fire-fighters have to go to put them out. Arnau Arnau

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 43 float verbfloat     Whenverwb  e float, we aren’t sinking in the water. We float, for example, if we don’t   touch the bottom of the pool or the sea. Floats and buoys are things for floatinbWoght.teonm   w  oef    ftlhoea  tp,o   woel  o   arr  tehne’ t  s  esian.k  Finloga  tins   a  tnhde   bwuaotyesr .  a   Wre e  t h   filnogast ,  f  ofor r  f l  eoxaatimngp.l e     ,        i   f         w       e          d     o     n     ’  t        t   o      u     c    h          t   h     e                                 Mariona   Mariona  

44 My First Dictionary of Science heart noun The heart is a part of the human body that is full of blood and which beats nonstop throughout your whole life. The heart makes the blood circulate through the veins and arteries of the body. If your heart stops, you die. For example, a person can die if they have a heart attack. Carme

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 45 heat noun It’s hot when the temperature is high because the Sun gives off a lot of heat, as in the summer, or when we run or if there is hot air coming out of a heater. When we feel hot we can feel the hot air that is warming us up, and if we are very hot, we can sweat. If we want to feel cooler, in the summer we can go for a swim in the pool or in the sea, or turn on the air conditioning. In Brazil, it’s hottest in January and February, while in Europe, it’s most hot in July and August, when it is very important for us to drink plenty of water. Luca

Nombre masculino 46 Un humano es una persona. Los niños, las nMiñyasF, ilorssthDomicbtreios nyalrays mofujSerceisesnocmeos humanos. Los humanos sabemos hacer muchas cosas, como jugar, movernos, andar o hablar. Los humanos somos seres vivos. Los animales, los objetos y las plantas no son humanos. human Adjetivo noun Cuando decimos que una persona es muy humana, significa que es buena, educada y amable. A human is a person. HAulml banoys and girls, men and women are humans. Humans know how to do manNyoutnhings, such as play, move, walk or talk. Humans are living beings. Animals, plants and objects are not human. A human is a person. All boys and girls, men and women are humans. Humans know how to do many adjective things, such as play, move, walk or talk. Humans are living beings. Animals, plants and objects are not human. When we say that a pAedjresctoivne is very human, it means that they are good, polite and friendly. When we say that a person is very human, it means that they are good, polite and friendly. Joana Joana

Rosa Estopà (Coord.) 47 human body noun The human body is the total of all the parts that form us and it is very important because it enables us to live. The human body consists of the skeleton, muscles and organs such as the heart, lungs, and skin. Thanks to the human body, for example, we can walk, think, breathe, love and do our necessities. Pau

48 My First Dictionary of Science human rights noun, plural Human rights are the rights that all people have. For example, everyone should be able to study, eat, play, sleep, go to school, learn, laugh, make friends, relax... Sometimes, people who don’t respect human rights are punished and can go to prison. Laura

Hielo 49 RosaNEomstborepmà a(Cscouolinrdo.) El hielo es agua congelada, está muy duro y muy frío. Podemos hacer hielo en el congelador de la nevera icey también lo podemos encontrar en muchos lugares de la naturaleza, como en el Polo Norte y el Polo Sur. El hielo lo podemos utilizar para enfriar las bebidas o para patinar con unos patines especiales. Los nouniglús son casas hechas de hielo. Con el calor el hielo se derrite y se convierte en agua. Ice Iicsefrozen water, which is very hard and cold. We can make ice in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator and we can also find it in lots of natural places, sucNhouans the North Pole and the South Pole. We can use ice to cool drinks and we Icceains frsokzeantweatoenr, withicwh iitshvesrypheacrdiaalndskcoaldt.eWse. cIganlomoaske aicreeinhthoeufsreeeszermcoamdpaertmoefnitcoef .thWe ith heaWrte,feriiccgaeenraumtosereailcntesdtowaecnocdoalndtaurilnsroknsfsianndidnittwoien clwoatnas sotkefanrt.eatounrailt places, such as the North Pole and the South Pole. with special skates. Igloos are houses made of ice. With heat, ice melts and turns into water. Roser Roser

Idea My First Dictionary of Science 50 Nombre femenino Una idea es un pensamiento que tenemos todas las personas. idea Nombre femenino noun Una idea también es el pensamiento que se nos ocurre cuando buscamos la solución de algo. An idea is a thought tIhdeaat all people have. noun Noun An idea is also the tAhnoidueagishatthtohugahtt thcaot amll peeosplethoaveu. s when we are looking for the solution to somethingN.oun An idea is also the thought that comes to us when we are looking for the solution to something. Idoia Idoia