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lk]t[ko |hk [fq mu ! G dkofe]’q -;u fy c[[’kj pfkp ............................................................ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ1 [fq mu @ G 7;k,lfa -8jn +8oq gv’ c]t 7oq vojn ......................................................... 6 [fq mu # G dkoo[a 48n oq gv’................................................................................ 11 [fq mu $ G 75olq,[af c]t ]t[P[;ywo ............................................................... 14 [fq mu & G dkoIda cr’,tof5 f;h pdoa ................................................................ 20 [fq mu * G dkog7kq ][q o[a 4zn ,6h [u o5 7o5 ................................................................. 26 [fq mu ( G 7;k,lk,da 7u .................................................................................. 30 [fq mu ) G dko.shvtwr .................................................................................... 36 [fq mu _ G dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtokme ............................................................ 40 [fq mu !W G dkoxdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-vN voa f’u k,0v’7v[7;q .................................... 46 [fq mu !! G dkog-vjn \\oA 8oq gv’........................................................................... 52 [fq mu !@ G dkogIfa ;Pd,cu zodko ................................................................... 56 [fq mu !# G lfy wfIh [a dkoxdq xvh ’ ........................................................................ 61 [fq mu !$ G dkoxqdxadIadlkly’j c;f]hv, c]t -a[rtpkdvome,t-kf .............. 69 [fq mu !& G dkoxqdxadIadlk,=]tfqd;afmtotme ................................................. 76 [fq mu !* G lyf.odkog-nvj 4n c]t [+g-nvj 4nlklt|k .............................................. 84 [fq mu !( G ]afcs’j lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; ........................... 90 [fq mu !) G dkoxdq 7v’mvh ’4ojy ......................................................................... 96
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ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ0D ok’[o5 ,u c]t ok’lo5 u fe]’q -u;yf1[6j kh ofP;doa c]t g8u[.sp,j kf;h pdoa D g0kq m’a lv’ gxoa grvjn olt|fy lt|,q c]t IPosvh ’fP;doa 1-j6 oA xt4,q F wf-h ;j pgsvn^ g-’jy doa c]t doa .odkoIPo d=7n;Pd’kovnoj MF g,nvj IPo9q[-Aoxt4q,c]h;F ok’[5o,u c]t ok’l5ou d=IPo8+-Ao,afmtpq, c8Ij Po163j I’IPo8kj ’daoD c8gj 0qkg9Qkd=pa’ln[8+rq;raoF wx,kskl6dj ao16lj tg\\uD ;aoglqk c]t ;aovkmyfd=,kskdao cdh[qfg/ydsaf c]t gIafdyf9tdevnoj MI;j ,dao7ngdkqj D 7D c,0j v’ mhk;85hp gxaow0hs;af wxovo3I’\\= mhk;85hp 8hv’wfhIa[rk]tgIaf;PdgInvo ma’\\qfD c8j]t,N rkps^a’g]ud3I’IPoc]h; ]k;2hk;g,nvgInvo gdnvgxafF gdnvwdjF gdnv\\6F c8j’dyow;h.shr+ c]t ohv’F 9kdoAowxlq’j g0Qk.shc,jovo163j I’\\=F 16j3I’\\= ]k;wfhgvqk.9.lj [;q ]t[fa c,gj xoa 1kj ’fgu -oja G xvh og0kQ F oE c]t g-fa Ikj ’dkpxPj og7vjn ’o’j5 .sch ,Dj g,vjn gsoa co;ooA c,mj hk;8h5p d=,ude]a’.9 gIaf.shvkdkog9a[x;j p0v’]k;fu0Bog]NvpMD 'D r+86h myf9aofk gfuomk’,kc8-j qoot[qfgrvnj 9t,k1hP,s^ko1.6j oot7vos^;’;P’9ao r=fu gxao-j;’7qode]a’wxdkoF ,u]qfc]jowx,ks^;’s^kpF r+86hmyf9aofk[+dhk0hk,mk’D mao.foAoF ok’o;olu rhv,fh;p\\6j de]a’9tpkj ’0hk,mk’wx3I’IPoF ]k;gsaor+86hmyf9aofkp;j ’8uo]q’F pdq 8ou 0oB D ok’o;olu pkj ’wx4k,r8+ 6h -wy x.lL r8+ 8h6 v[;kj G r8+ 16h kd0kh ,mk’F ok’o;olu 9[a c0o r+86hmyf9aofk pkj ’0hk,mk’,hk]kp c]t cotoe]t[P[dkopkj ’0hk,mk’ .shr+86hI6h 9kdoAo g0kq g9kQ d]= kwx3I’IPoD 7e4k, !D 7;k,\\kple7ao0v’dkoIadcr’,to5ffh;pdao ltcf’vvd7nco;.fL @D goNv.odkoIadcr’,to5f.odkofe]q’-u;yfla’7q, ,u7nco;.fcfLj #D oda IPo7;og/dy /oq 8oq gv’co;.fcfj grvjn lkh ’lkpleroa grvjn o,fy mfju u c]t 1Ij6 ;j ,d[a 7qovhv,0hk’wfhL $D gxaospa’ r+c,j 0v’mhk; 8y’j 9’bj wfhIa[dkophv’p=-q,g-up9kd3I’IPoL &D ok’[5o,u c]t ok’l5ougxaogrvnj oIaddao7nco;.fL *D gxaospa’c,mj hk;85hp 9’yj g-qkw0hw;L phvospa’L dkodtme0v’ mhk;85hp mulj tcf’g4y’ 7;k,Iadcr’r+c,j 1[6j vj o.f.ogsfdkoL (D ok’o;olu wfhltcf’oE.9 co;.f8+r+8h6 myf9aofkL )D oda IPowfIh PoIsh6 p’a cfLj 9kd[oa fkgsfdko0kh ’gmy’ooA L 24
[qfIPo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { g/yd/qos^+s^v,8qogv’ .shI6h9adIadcr’-;j pgs^nv g-’yj dao c]t dao 3fpg],uj 9kd8qogv’F 7v[7q;F grnjvo,yfltskpF [5d7qo.ola’7q,D lhk’lkpleraogrnjvo,yfmujfuda[7qo vhv,0hk’1jk’,u7;k,l5dF fe]q’-u;yfF Ij;,;Pd’ko1jk’,uzqoleg]af c]t 7;k,dkh ;|kh F { [+lhk’laf86F [+lhk’7;k,gfnvfIhvo.shcd7j v[7q;F grnvj o,yfF la’7q,D c]t s^ud]hP’ co;7yfgsaocd3j 8D lyj’le7ao c,oj dkolhk’7;k,Iadcr’,to5f gxaol’yj pv,Ia[0v’ md5 7oq .ol’a 7,q F f’ja 7eg;kQ mu;j kj <,ugrvnj ofu &W 7oq 4n;kj p’a |vh pF c8lj fa 8r6 P’7oq fP; s^kp3rf< D ltoAo 1kd,ugrnvj o,yfltskpF 4hkgIqk9tg[y’j c8lj y’j [+fu0v’\\76j .6j zMd=,k gxao\\g6j Iqk[+wfhF 8hv’g0Qk.9;kj G [+,u.z9tfu\\qfm5d1kj ’D 7;o,u7;k,g,f8kF -;j pgs^nv c]t 8adg8nvodaofh;p7;k,9y’.9D [qfg/ydsaf !D dkolkh ’7;k,Ida cr’,tof5 f;h pdoa grvjn sdu^ ]Ph ’dkolkh ’7;k,gfvn fIvh o.sch ddj oa oadIPo 7;ogIafco;.fL @D 9’qj -vddk[dvoF 7ertspkF 7el5rklyfmguj ;Qkg4y’7;k,Iadcr’,to5ffh;pdaoL #D oda IPo9’jq g]kjq zmh6 gju xoa c[[1kj ’ X.osvh ’F 3I’IPo sn^ m8ju oq gv’vkwl1Dj6 DD? mwju f-h ;j pgsvn^ 7qovonj .odkoIOIPoF dkovvdcI’’ko c]t dkog7vnj ows;;Pd’kovonj ML 25
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu * dkog7qk]q[oa[4nz6h,u[5o75o I[6h o5 7o5 76 !D dkog7qk]q[oa[4nz6h,u[5o75o c,oj dkoltcf’mafltotmu4j nd8hv’ .odkorq;raomufj u’k, ]ts;kj ’7qoda[7qoF I6hg7qk]q[F Iadcr’lk,ad7us5h,s+g-y’j dao c]t daoF ,uxt-kmyxtw8F g7qk]q[oa[4nr+c,Fj z6hoeF 76[kF vk9koF g4Qkcdjvk;53lS 4to54t|v,Iadcr’gfadohvpF c,jpy’D dkoxkdg;Qkl5rk[F vjvos;ko 8+da[m5d7qomuj16vj hv,0hk' c]t la'7q,D lhk'8qo.shgxao]6dmufj u0v’r+c,Fj gxaooadIPomufj u 0v’76[kvk9koF f5\\aoj lbdlkIej IPoF skj ’wd1kgl[8fy F -vdIIh6 ej IPogvkq 7o5 l,q [fa 0v’[oa fkmkj ozoh6 eF zvh6 k;35 l grvjn gxoa vf5 ,q dko deoqfglAomk’gfuo0v’8qogv’D dkofe]q’-u;yf8hv’xvf.l0k;ltvkfF oa[4n]t[P[;ywo 0v’3I’IPo c]t ]t[P[la’7q,F ovdoAoF dkoI6h[5o75o pa’ltcf’vvd.odkoI6h9ad2a’7el’aj lvo c]t ,u7;k,dt8aop68+r+ 26
c,Fj I6hlq,,k7k]t;t76[kF vk9koF g4Qkcdvj k;53lF z6hmu.j shdko-;j pgs^nvgIqk8ts^vf,kD oa[4nFສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g7qk]q[[aofkmkj oz6hoe c]t veokfdkoxqd7v'mhv’4ojy 1l6j tg\\uD g]njv’G 7;k,I6h[5o75o8+r+c,j g7qk]q[r+c,j 27
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[qfg/ydsaf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D dkog7qk]q[oa[4n z6h,u[5o75o ,u7;k,\\kpco;.fL @D oadIPo7;og7qk]q[oa[4nF xt8y[af8+r+c,Fj 76[kF vk9koDDD co;.f9'bj 4nd8hv'L #D oda IPo9t8vh ’g/dy /oq c]t xt8[y fa 8oq co;.fcfj grvjn ltcf’g4’y dkog7kq ][q o[a 4n c]t I[h6 o5 7o5 8+xtgmf-kfL $D dkodtme.f f’aj ],5j oU c,oj dkog7qk]q[oa[4n8+z6h,u[5o75oL dD c8]j tgfvn owfgh xoa oda IPogd’ja Iv[fkh o 0D g]ud3I’IPo wxs^Yogd,oe\\j6 c];h 9’jb d[a [kh o 7D md5 M,Ng]udIPo 2kh ;d[a [kh o grvnj -;j p;Pdr+c,Dj 'D g,vnj IvfvkpI5 rh6 oa mt0v'8oq gv’8+xtgmf-kf 9D g;]kgIqkde]a'0a[0uj]qf8k,mk' g,njvgsao]qfzh6oec]jo,kgIqk8hv'cv[g0Qk c7,mk'F 15f]qfdvj o9'bj 7vj pwxD lD [+fn,j 0v’,nog,qk c]t skj ’wd1kgl[8yf -D g7qk]q[F xt8y[af]t[P[;ywo0v'3I’IPoF la’7q, c]t dqf\\kpF 1kj ’g0A,’;fD pD r+c,lj a'j lvoF ltcf’mkj mufj Nfhko[+gvqksq;-k 29
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu ( 7;k,lk,ad7u vvdcI''ko];, !D 7;k,\\kple7ao0v’7;k,lk,ad7u 7;k,lk,ad7u\\kpg4y’dkofe]q’-u;yf16jIj;,dao0v’7qogIqkmujg8a,wxfh;pdko,uoE.9 Iadcr’F -;j pgs^nv c]t ,u7;k,9y’.98+daoD dko,uoE.9-;j pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t dao0v’7qogIqk ltcf’g4’y dko1Ij6 ;j ,doa 1kj ’,7u ;k,ld5 F xklt9kddkovfy lk[’a [PfF dkof\\6 ojy xt\\kf c]t dkogvkq ]fa gvkq xP[doa .ol’a 7,q D 7e;kj 7;k,lk,da 7cu ,oj ,7u ;k,le7oa mluj f5 ,oa r;q roa g4’y 7;k,gxoa ,fy F 7;k,gxoa ]t[P[ IP[IhvpF 7;k,lts’q[l5d0v’8qogv’F 7v[7q; c]t la’7q,D 7;k,lk,ad7uwfhc[j’vvd gxaolv’xtgrf7nG 7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o c]t 7;k,lk,ad7urkpovdD 30
dD 7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ c,jo7;k,lk,ad7umujgduf0Bo 16jrkp.odkofe]q’-u;yf0v’7qogIqk16j.o-kffP;daomuj,u 7;k,lk,ad7u4nd8hv’xv’fv’dao]ts;jk’ xt-k-qo[aofkgzqjkgxaoxbdczjoc|ho|k c]t 7;k,leraodao0v’7qo.o-kfF gvdtrk[gxao9yf|bj’.9fP;rhv,dao8+l6hxqdxadIadlk c]t rafmtokxtgmf-kf.shI5j’gInv’lu;yw]D rad c]t ]af4t[kowfhm5h,gm c]t 4to54t|v, 7;k,gxaoxbdczoj cs’j 7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o-kf8ts^vf,k c]t vy’.ldj e]a’cI’f’aj dkj ;oU 9’jb lk,kfoerkdkorfa mtokxtgmf-kf .s,h u7;k,\\oA 7’q c]t lts’[q ld5 ,kIvfmd5 ;oa oUD 0D 7;k,lk,ad7urkpovd c,oj dkoltcf’vvd0v’dko,uoE.9F Iadcr’F lk,ad7u0v’7qo.o-kf8+da[dkorq;rao lkdqoD .ola’7q,,to5fmujd;hk’0;k’xtdv[,us^kpg-Nv-kfzu;raoF ]tfa[dko0tspkp8q; 0v’c8j]t-kfc8d8jk’daoF ltoAo grnjvdko7q’8q; c]t 0tspkp8q;0v’c8j]t-kf 8vh ’wf,h du kogr’jy rkvkwlg-’jy doa c]t doa D dkozd6 ,fy c]t I;j ,leroa mfju du [a -kf8kj ’M .o3]d g-y’j ltcf’vvd7nG dkoz6d,yfmufj uoedaoF [+I5dIkofyocfodaoF dko-;j pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t daoF g7kq ][q o[a 47n ;k,gxoa gvdt]kfF veokfvtmxy tw8 c]t zon czoj foy voa 7[q 4;h o0v’doa c]t doa D @D dkorq;rao-j;pgs^nvdao .odkofe]q’-u;yf .ol’a 7,q [+,du kofe]’q -;u fy .f9t13j6 fffPj ;F md5 dkog7vjn ows;fe]’q -;u fy 0v’7oq ];h oc8,j u dkor;q roa -;j pgsvn^ g-’jy doa c]t doa F ,ou E.9mfju 8u d+ oa F dkogsoa vdq gsoa .9 c]t dkow;;h k’.98d+ oa F -;j pgs^nvdaomk’fhko;af45 c]t 9yf.9 grnvj pqd]tfa[-u;yfdkogxao16j.shfu0Bo c]t .shde]a’.9 grvnj cdwh 0[oa sk8kj ’MI;j ,doa 1kj ’,u7;k,ld5 D dkorq;rao-;j pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t dao .odkofe]q’-u;yf pa’gxaodkoI;j ,,ndaofh;p7;k, g-vnj \\oA F c,oj ,kf4ko7o5 l,q [fa |’jb 0v’7oq gIkq F I-h6 ;j pgs^nv8oq gv’ c]t I-h6 ;j pgs^nv7oq vonj f;h p 7;k,9y’.9g-nvj \\AodaoF dkorq;rao-;j pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t dao c,oj 7;k,9egxao.odkofe]q’ -;u fy 0v’7oq 1.j6 ol’a 7,q F f’ja 7e lr5 klfy [I6 kowfdh kj ;w;;h kj G < I;j ,8;q doa gIkq 1j6 cpd\\gj6 Ikq 8kp<D #D 7;k,lk,ad7u-j;pgs^nv\\6jgrnjvo.odkoIjeIPoF dkofe]q’-u;yf dkog7njvows;fe]q’-u;yf16j.ola’7q, 7;k,lk,ad7u-j;pgs^nv\\6jgrnjvogxaolyj’le7aomujl5f ovd9kdvhkpF gvNvpF ohv’F r+c,1j 6.j o7v[7q;c]h;pa’,u\\6gj rnvj oF oadIPofh;pdaoF c8]j t7qo ,7u ;k,I[a IFh6 g0kQ .9c8d8kj ’doa F ltooA c8]j t7oq 8vh ’wfgh r’jy rkvkwlF lk,da 7Fu Ida cr'-;j pgsvn^ 31
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g]njv’G 7;k,lk,ad7ulkdqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ lk,ad7uda[lkdqo 33
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&D r;dovh ’7;os^udg;oA 8+rfb 8ydem0uj kf7;k,lk,da 7u8+\\gj6 rvnj o7nco;.fL ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ *D phvospa’9b’j g;Qk;kj G 7;k,lk,ad7u]k;{s;Pfok, c,oj 7;k,lk,ad7uc[[ryglf c]t dkoI;j ,,nIv[fhkoL [qfIPo { 7;k,lk,da 7cu ,oj dkog7vjn ows;fe]’q -;u fy I;j ,doa f;h p7;k,fFu 7;k,9’y .9F Ida cr’ -j;pgs^nv c]t gsaovqdgsao.9daoF rhv,daofe]q’-u;yffh;p7;k,ltg\\urk[ c]t ,7u ;k,ld5 .ol’a 7,q F 7;k,lk,da 7pu ’a ];,g4’y 7;k,4dn 8vh ’xv’fv’F 7;k,gsoa .9F .shdPfg-y’j dao c]t dao 16Ij ;j ,rkp.o-kffh;p7;k,lts’q[l5dD { ovd9kd 7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o-kfc]h; pa’gxufdh;k’7;k,lk,ad7u8+lkdqofh;p dkozd6 ,fy F leroa I;j ,,n -;j pgsvn^ g-’jy doa c]t doa 8kj ’/kj p8kj ’wfIh [a zoq xt3spfI;j , dao[qorNo4kodkog7qk]q[7;k,gxaogvdt]kfF veokfvtmyxtw8 c]t znoczoj fyo vao7q[4h;o0v’dao c]t daoD [qfg/ydsaf !D 9q'j \\kp X3? .l0j =h7;k,],j5 oU mulj tcf’g4y’7;k,lk,ad7urkp.oL dD 7oq [kh ofP;doa Ida cr’-;j pgs^vn doa f;h p7;k,9’y .9 0D g7qk]q[7;k,gxaogvdt]kf veokfvtmyxtw8 c]t znoczoj fyovao7q[4h;oD 7D g-aolaopkI;j ,,nfhkodkolbdlk c]t rafmtok-a[rtpkdvo,to5f 'D oda IPogd’ja -;j pgsvn^ zmh6 Iju Povvj oF zIh6 Povvj o8vh ’IPooezgh6 d’ja 9D [+\\oyj xt\\kf c]t [+9ecodcdhc7hodaoD lD I;j ,dao8hko c]t ltdafdAodko7hk,to5fD -D -;j pdaovko5]ad;afmtokmevaofu’k,0v’-kfD pD g7kq ][q o[a 4In fu 7v’xtgro0u v’xt-k-oq [oa fkgzkjq D @D oadIPo9’qj 0Po7;k,lk,ad7u.o[hko0v’8qo g-'yj ltcf’g4y’7;k,lk,ad7u-;j pgs^nv g-’yj dao c]t dao0v’7qorkp.o[hkoD #D oda IPo9’jq .sgh sfzoq g4’y 7;k,lk,da 7cu [[rgy lf c]t dkoI;j ,,In v[fkh o]ts;kj ’ ]k; c]t s;Pfok,w]ptdvj o c]t w]ptxaf95[aoL 35
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu ) dko.shvtwr .shvtwrg-y'j dao c]t dao !D 7;k,\\kp0v’dko.shvtwr dko.shvtwrc,oj ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,u7;k,g,f8kF 7qomuIj 6h.shvtwr gxao7qomuIj 6hg7qk]q[ oa[4nF vyf68qolq’lkoF zvj olAo zvj opk;.sh7qovnoj F g;]kg0qkg9Qk,u7;k,3ldglQkF ,u7;k,zyf 9t8hv’wfhxa[x5’cdhw0D dko.svh twrgduf,k9kd7;k,g0kQ .9doa F ,u7;k,Ilh6 db mfuj u8+doa F Ivh6 yf86 oq ,u7;k,Ida cr’F g-nvj \\Ao.o7;k,fu’k,8+dao c]t daoD 7qomuIj 6h.shvtwr[+ltcf’7;k,g7aj’8b’F 3,3sF .9IhvoF 1kd Ikh pF c88j vh ’ltcf’vvd7;k,9’y .9F p,Y cp,h c9,j .lF vvj os;ko c]t ,7u ;k,Ida cr’F lt|fy lt\\,q d[a md5 7oq D vdu 1kj ’|’jb 7oq mIju .6h svh twr[\\+ kp7;k,;kj [,+ su da^ dkoF [,+ 7u ;k,g7’ja 7fa 8+z6h,u7;k,zyf c]t 7qomu[j +fuD dko.shvtwrd=[+\\kp7;k,;kj G vqfdAo9yf.90v’8qogv’w;hD 36
@D [qf[kf c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’dko.shvtwr ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko.shde]a’.9 c]t .shvtwr gxaoxafw9mulj e7aoF gxaovk;5fmucj s^,7q,.odko8+l6hda[lq’ 7k,-u;yfD .olt|k,l6hIq[da[laf86 gIqklk,kfgsaowfhda[8kF pyoda[s6lP’vk;5ffa’ s^n xtmtdaoco;.fL c8j.olt\\=]tr6,csj’-u;yfohu c,jolt|k,Iq[vaopk;okoF ,yf’P[ [+wfph oy lP’F [+gsoa cx;w2F ,oa ]tvfy ]tvPh ; c]t cdpj k;7P’7dj6 [a -;u fy 0v’7oq gIkq ,k8ts^vfD dko.svh twrc,oj [d5 7t]dy voa f’u k, c]t ,7u ;k,\\kple7oa p’jy D grkt,oa -;pj .s7h oq gIkq fe]’q -;u fy c[[’kj pfkp g9vn 9kog0kQ .odkofe]’q -;u fy 0v’-,5 -oq F pdq l’6 [fq [kf c]t 7;k,g-vjn \\oA 0v’8qog0Qk.ola’7q,D ovdoAo dko.shvtwrpa’xtdv[lj;ole7aogIaf.sh-u;yfla’7q,,u7;k, lts’q[F s^udg;Aoly’j mudj tmq[F xtmtF g7a’j 8b’F gduf7;k,glpskp.shcdlj a’7q,D ]k;gIqkg0Qkgxao lt,k-ydvk-Po d=gxaorNo4ko|b’j grnvj pqdl6’oE.9dko.shvtwr c]t ,u7;k,g,f8kg-y’j dao c]t doa D l’jy f’ja dkj ;ooA gxoa xfa w9m9ju egxoa .sch dlj oa 8ry k[3]dD grktdko.svh twrc,oj ;my du ko|’jb mulj hk’ c]t xqdxadIadlklao8yrk[F 8hkodkodtmemu.j -h7;k,I5ocI’ s^n dko9ecod,to5f f;h pdoa D ltooA dkoI.h6 sdh e]’a .9F I.h6 svh twr g-’jy doa c]t doa .odkofe]’q -;u fy 9t-;j p.s7h oq gIkq ,u 7;k,lk,da 7xu v’fv’doa F lk,kf1Ij6 ;j ,doa wfph k;okoF gIfa .slh ’a 7,q ,7u ;k,lts’[q ld5 c]t 1Ij6 ;j ,doa 3fploa 8y dko.sdh e]’a .9 c]t dko.svh twrg-’jy doa c]t doa ,us^kpI[6 c[[mluj tcf’ vvdzkj odkoxtrbf0v’7qogIqkg-aoj G dkoxkdg;QkF dkovtwr3mfF dko.shdPfg-y’j dao c]t daoF dkozvj olAozvj opk;F cdhw0[aoskfh;pdkog9]t9k7nofu8+dao c]t vonj MD gsfdko 7v[7;q 0v’mkh ;l,q xv’ c]t ok’[;q ]u ,]u d6 -kplv’7oq D mkh ;l,q xv’ ,vu k-[u [+\\oA 7’q F c8oj k’[q;]ugxao76lvoxt4q,D mhk;lq,xv’ ,adf,nj gs^QkF -5,c-;F g’yo7emsuj kwfhd=-Ngs^Qkdyo\\qfD c8jok’[q;]u -Erafgxao7qow-h9jkpxt1afF c8j]t,N [q;]ulqj’]6dwx3I'IPovto5[ko c]h;wx lvooadIPo fh;p7;k,Ia[zyf-v[l6’F rkps^a’g]udIPoc]h;]k;d=wx8ts^kf-Ng7vnj ’,kc8’j 16j 7q;dyoD gIaf;Pdvnoj M16gj Invo7q;F c8mj hk;lq,xv’[+r=.9 pa’xhvpfkj 8q[8uok’[q;]uD 7v[7q;0v’ ok’[;q ]u [+,u7;k,ld5 F ]d6 wsch -;MD ;PdgInvom’a \\fq 8dq .lzj gh6 xoa g,pD ok’[;q ]u moq [+wfh 9’jb wx ltg|uoedko9af8A’0v’[hko,kcdhw0[aosk7v[7q; c]t 8qd]q’;kj 9t1kj Ihk’daoD 37
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#D .og[Nv’8Qo mhk;lq,xv’gxao7qoco;.fL ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ $D dko.shvtwr,u75oxt3spfco;.fL &D 9kddkoIPogsfdkooU oda IPowf[h fq IPosp’a cfLj *D oadIPo7yf;kj G dko.shvtwr,u95fryglfco;.fL [qfIPo dko16Ij ;j ,dao0v’7qogIqk [k’7A’vkf,udkog;Qk9k s^n xtrbf8qo[+g\\ktlq,8+7v[7q;F \\gj6 rvjn oDDD f’ja ooA gIkq [7+ ;o4dq 4P’F .9Ivh oF ;;j6 k,F g7’ja 8’b 8d+ oa D gIkq 7;o,lu t8cy dwh 0f;h p7;k, vvj o3po c]t I6h.shvtwr g-y’j dao c]t daoF gIqk9t,u\\6gj rnvj oF ,uz6hoa[4nF Iadcr’F g-nvj \\Ao 9b'j 9tgIaf.sh8qogv’F 7v[7q;,u7;k,lts’q[l5d c]t 16Ij ;j ,dao1kj ’,u7;k,l5dD [qfg/ydsaf !D 9’qj g]kqj g]vnj ’zkj o,kmouj hv’wfh,uoE.9.shvtwr8+\\g6j rvnj o s^n ohv’wfhpyo\\g6j ]kqj l26j a’L @D dkoxtrbf.f ],5j oUltcf’g4y’oE.9.shvtwr8+daoL phvospa’L dD gsoa 7;k,zyf0v’\\[j6 +s;q -k 0D xdq xvh ’7;k,zfy 0v’\\j6 7D Ich6 [’j g[kq 7;k,md5 ld5 d[a \\gj6 rvjn o ’D g,vnj [+r=.9g;kQ m’ja .l\\j j6 9D gsoa \\,j6 7u ;k,zfy 8vh ’8da g8vn o lD g1ktg1UpF sq;0;ao7qovonj -D 2’a 7;k,7fy gsoa 0v’\\j6 pD cdch 7oh 7oq vojn fD 4Y,3mf.l7j oq vonj #D mhk;l5]ydvo c]t ok’7elkp o’aj IPo38tfP;daoF ,N|’bj mhk;l5]ydvo gIafoE0;hk, .lxj B,0v’ok’7elkpF ]k;.9Ihkpgvqk[ydwx0uf xB,mhk;l5]ydvoD oadIPo9’jq la’gdf mkj mu c]t dkoxtrbf0v’ok’7elkp7nco;.fL 39
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu _ dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme !D 7;k,s,kple7ao 7v[7q;;afmtotme c,jo7v[7q;muj,u7;k,4nd8hv’xv’fv’daoF 7v[7q; ,u7;k,l5dF dkh ;|kh xt8[y fa czorfa mtokfFu ,7u ;k,lk,da 7Fu Ida cr’d[a 7oq [kh o.dgh Ivn o7P’ c]t xt8[y fa rk]t|kh mFuj 7;k,I[a zyf-v[0v’roq ]tg,nv’8+7v[7;q 1kj ’4nd8vh ’D @D 95fxtlq’dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme dkolkh ’7v[7;q ;fa mtotme dg= rvjn gIfa .s7h v[7;q ,7u ;k,1gj6 1oa gxoa ld5 mk’fkh o;fa 45 c]t 9fy .9F ,7u ;k,|da c|oh F \\oA mPj ’F ,7u ;k,g0,A c0’ c]t xvf.l0k;ltvkfD roq ]tg,vn ’md5 7oq 8vh ’,u7;k,I[a zyf-v[8+7v[7;q S fe]’q -u;yfc[[’kj pfkpF [+gvdvkh ’F g2U/oa 8k,;fa mtotme 0v’8kg;ao8qdF s^Yodyo26,g2nvpF dkortoaoF 1k[hkDDD ltoAo 95fxtlq’0v’dkolhk’7v[7q; ;afmtotme c,jogIaf.sh7v[7q;,u7;k,\\Ao7q’F la’7q,,u7;k,p58ymeF ,u7;k,lts’q[D dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme c,jodkoxtdv[lj;o.shla’7q,,u7;k,9tg]uo c]t ,u7;k, dkh ;|kh D #D ,kf4kodkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme ,u W& ,kf4kofa’j oUG T 8vh ’,ugInvo1gj6 xoa 0v’8oq gv’F ,uvk-u[\\oA mPj ’4nd8vh ’8k,dfq \\kp c]t d,h5 dyoS T 8vh ’gxoa 7v[7;q m,ju 7u ;k,lk,da 7Fu 4dn 8vh ’xv’fv’doa F ltg\\ru k[ c]t [l+ kh ’7;k, sp’h5 pkd.sch d7j oq vvh ,0kh ’S T ]hP’]6d.sh4nds^advkokw,F vq[Iq,la’j lvo]6d.shgxao7qofu ,u7;k,dt8aop68+z6h,u[5o75o c]t l’qj glu,]6d.shwfhIa[dkolbdlkIej IPoD T 8hv’gxao7v[7q;mufj e]q’-u;yfxvf.l0k;ltvkfF [+g-nvj 4n’q,’;pF Iadlk;afmtotme Iuf7v’xtgrouvaofu’k,0v’-kf c]t oa[4n]t[P[dqf\\kpD T 7v[7q;,u7;k,lk,ad7u-;j pgs^nvgrnvj czgj -y’j dao c]t daorkp.o[hkoF xtdv[l;j o ;Pd’kolkmk]txt3spf0v’[kh og,vn ’D 40
$D 7;k,9egxao0v’dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme.\\j ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ $D! 7v[7q;;afmtotme { r+c,j ,u7;k,f5\\oaj .odkovvdcI’’kosk]hP’7v[7q;F ,u;PdgIaf’kome1kj ’l5f 9t]yfF xvf.l0k;ltvkf c]t ,u4kot\\Ao7q’ c]t lk,kf]hP’f6]6dwfhD { lt,k-dy .o7v[7;q I.h6 sdh PfF o[a 4Fn Ida cr’ c]t xv’fv’doa f’ja 7eg;kQ mlju [n doa ,k;kj <8fa rc+ ,Fj 8fa vkh pgvvN povh ’I;j ,lkp3]sfy doa [0+ kfxP[g\\vn o8fa oE[0+ kfooA gv’<S <7o5 rm+ r+ g6 0kq dkh F 7o5 c,mj +2kh d[a czoj foy <S <]d6 [2+ ’a 7;k,rc+ ,j zcu dgj 0kQ \\oh= tIdq < { m5d7qo.o7v[7q; shk,dtmely’j mu[j +fu c]t dkog7nvj ows;8kj ’M mugj xaowrvao8t]kp c]t lhk’7;k,glpskpcd7j qovnoj g-aoj G oadg]’vao8trkoF dko0uj]qfF 0hk,4t|qo .sh4nddqf9t]k9voF dko.-hw22hkF oExtxk 8hv'xt1afgrvnj -;j pc[’j g[qkrk]t0v’ la’7q,F gIaf.shla’7q, ,u7;k,gxao]t[P[IP[Ihvp c]t ,u7;k,lts’q[D 7v[7q;,u7;k,l5d 41
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7v[7q; ,umu8j A’ c]t [qf[kfle7aomulj 5f.o-u;yfla’7q, grkt;kj 7v[7q;c,oj 95]a’ Xs^n ;kj c,oj cI’’ko? s^n c,oj zt]yf8trao0v’la’7q,F 16.j o7v[7q;|b’j M ,ur+c,j c]t ]6ds^koD phvo co;oAo16.j o7v[7q;.f|b’j d=xtdv[,ult,k-yd7v[7q; skdg7nvj ows;wfhfu ,aod=gIaf.shrk[ rqf7v[7q; c]t la’7q,,ululaofu0BoD gonjv’9kd7v[7q; c]t la’7q,,udko8yfraodao1jk’ lt|fy c|oh F m’a ,du kol’jq zoq dtm[q g-’jy doa c]t doa f’ja ooA F 4kh 1kdlkh ’l’a 7,q .\\lj ;u wy ] 8vh ’g],ju 9kd7v[7q;dvj o\\kp7;k,;kj G 8hv’lhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme .sh8yfc|hoda[la’7q,.\\Dj 1kdlhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme.\\.j shxtdqfgxao9y’wfh dvj ovnoj \\qfz6hgxaor+c,8j hv’gvqk.9.lj ldb lkv[q I,q F 8da g8vjn o c]t fc6 ]g[’jy cp’7,h5 7v’F 8fy 8k,]d6 sk^ o0v’8oq 1kj ’.d-h fy ldb lkv[q I,q g0qkg9Qk.sh,u7;k,lts^kfs^adcs^,F ,ult8yla’7q,F xt8y[af]t[P[dqf\\kpgxaorqo]tg,nv’fuF ,u,k]tpkfF ,u75olq,[afF I6hg7qk]q[oa[4nF ly’j le7aor+c,8j hv’gvqk.9.l8j yf8k, c]t 75h,7v’ ]d6 sk^ o0v’8oq 1kj ’ltg\\fu Du vud1kj ’|b’j 7v[7q;c,oj sq;|;j p8Qo8= .odkoxt8y[afco;mk’ot3p[kpczodko0v’ rda ;k’vvdF xt8[y fa 0dh= eofq dfq \\kp8kj ’Mm0ju oA gm’y ;k’vvd 3fppdq l’6 lt87y ;k,gxoa g9kQ dko 0v’7v[7q; 8+;Pd’koxhv’dao-kf{xhv’dao7;k,lts’q[F 7;k,gxao]t[P[ IP[Ihvp0v’ la’7q,F vto5]adxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nv;afmtotme{Iuf7v’xtgrouvaofu’k, 0v’-kfF 0v’mhv’4oyj 0v’gzkqj .sh7q’176j d6j a[-kf]k;8ts^vfwxD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ vtmy[kpla[ G { dt8oa p6 G I9h6 da [o5 7o5 0v’zvh6 onj m,ju 8u +8oq F I8h6 v[cmo[o5 7o5 zvh6 ojn { vk-tpkdvo G 7qo[+fuF 7qo-q;j F 0hk7qo { I,qj 3rI,qj w- G gxaomguj r’yj 0v’]6ds^ko s^n 7qovonj { xPj ;rvp G 136j fffPj ;F 176j qofP;F 0kfpkfrouj hv’DDD { 1egd’ G 1ec1’F g7qk]q[F oa[4n { lq,,k7k]t;tG I6hg7qk]q[oa[4nF wx,k]k7v[F 7;k,fuF 7;k,-v[ { 9t]py k G 7;k,xtrbfF dy]ypkmu7j ;oxtrbf 7e4k, !D 9’qj [vd7;k,le7ao c]t 95fxtlq’0v’dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme.\\,j u7nco;.fL @D dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme.\\,j u9ad,kf4koL ,kf4ko.fcfLj 43
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ#D 9’jq 9ecod7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;kj ’7v[7;q ;fa mtokme c]t 7v[7;q [,+ ;u fa mtotmeL $D oadIPo,u|hkmsuj pa’cfgj rvnj xtdv[l;j olhk’7v[7q;;afmtotmeL &D r;dgIqk8hv’xtdv[l;j ospa’cfj grnvj lhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme.\\1j 6.j o-5,-qo c]t mvh ’4oyj 0v'8oq gv’L [qfIPoG { 7v[7q;;afmtotmec,jo7v[7q;muj,u7;k,4nd8hv’xv’fv’F ,u7;k,l5dF 7;k, dhk;|hkF xt8y[afc[[czo0v’7v[7q;fuF ,u7;k,lk,ad7uda[[hko.dhgInvo7P’ c]t xt8y[fa roa mt0v’roq ]tg,nv’fuD { dkolhk’7v[7q;;afmtotmec,oj m5d7qo8hv’xt8y[afrk]t|hkmuFj 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[ 0v’8oq 87+ v[7;q F fe]’q -;u fy c[[’kj pfkpF [r+ ;q roa d[a l’jy [f+ Fu dkortooa F 1kgl[8fy F 3lgroDu DD { 7v[7q;vq[v5joF ]hP’f6g[y’j cp’F lbdlkvq[Iq,]6ds^kogxao7qofuF IPogda’j F 7v[7q;,u 7;k,ld5 F l’a 7,q ,7u ;k,lts’[q F dkolkh ’7v[7;q ;fa mtotme c,oj dkoxtdv[l;j o lhk’la’7q,,u7;k,lu;yw] c]t dhk;|hkD { oadIPo8hv’xtdv[lj;olhk’7v[7q;;afmtotme fh;pdkogxao]6dmujfuF oa[4nr+c,jF z6hvk;53lF vhkpgvNvpohv’F [+s^Yodyo25,g2nvpF dkortoaoF 3lgrouF [+gIafglpdPfladluF -nlj P’0v’7v[7q; c]t 0v'-kfD [qfg/ydsaf !D 9q’j -vdgoNv.o c]t 7kf\\kp0v’7v[7q;;afmtotme 16.j omhv’4yoj c]t la’gdf .odkoxt8y[fa 7kf\\kp0v’7v[7q;;afmtotme 0v’oadIPogv’zkj o,k7nco;.fL @D oda IPo9’jq l’a gdf-;u fy dkogxoa 1mj6 k’fkh o;fa 45 c]t 9fy .90v’[oa fk7v[7;q f’ja 8w+ xoGU !? 7v[7;q ,]u d6 s^kp7oq @? 7v[7q;I’aj ,uF ,u]6dlk; s^n ]6d-kps^Yodyo25,g2nvp #? 7v[7;q ,]u d6 @ 7oq F [vd2’a F 8’A .9IPoF f\\5 oja .odkogIfa ;Pd’koF -;j pgsvn^ rc+ ,j oadIPo7yf;kj G 7v[7q;Ia’j ,uF ,u7;k,l5d c]t dhk;|hk[+L grktgsf.fL #D c8]j t7v[7;q d,= 7u ;k,c8d8kj ’doa D c89j tgIfa co;.f grvjn .s7h v[7;q ,7u ;k,4dn 8vh ’ xv’fv’F vq[v5oj c]t ,u7;k,l5dL 44
$D oadIPogsaofu0=h7;k,.f],5j oU 9’qj vtmy[kpgsfzqoL ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dD ;PdgInvoc,oj ;Pd0v’c,j c]t ]6dlk; 0D 7v[7;q c8]j t7oq 8vh ’,u]d6 -kp 7D 1.j6 o7v[7;q [+9egxoa 8vh ’c[’j ;Pddoa ]tvPf ’D 7v[7;q ,u]d6 s^kp7oq ,u7;k,ld5 9D lt,k-yd.o7v[7;q gIfa ;Pd0v’8oq gv’leg]fa d=r=c];h lD gfadohvp[+lk,kfxtdv[l;j olhk’7v[7q;;afmtotmewfh &D oadIPo7yf;kj G 0=h7;k,8+wxoU ,uzqoltmhvo8+la’7q,{-5,-qoco;.fL dD 7v[7q;[+4nd8hv’dao Xzyf4P'dao? 0D r+c,[j +gxaoc[[1kj ’.sh]6d Xskdyo[+,u7;k,laf-nFj gl[1k[hkDDD? 7D 7v[7q;,u]6dlk; s^n ]6d-kps^YodyogIIkDDD 45
[qfmu !W dkoxqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8u0aog'yo xAows 46
8Os6d 47 ສະຫສງວ.ວນ.ລສຂິ ະສດິ
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