Urdu tarikhi, adbi aur lisani aaena main

Arbi kay Urdu par lisani asraatArboon ka bar-e-sagher se sadyoon ka nahain, hazaroun saalka reshta hai. Arab bare-sagher ki mukhtalif valatoun main mukhtalif hawaloun sayaatay jatay rahay hain.Sowahil oon ki tovajo ka khasusi markaz rahay hain aur es kayasar kisi na’kisihawala say aaj bhi mojoud hain. Arboun ki aamad say oon kayomomi-o-khsusirujhanaat, rovaeay, adbi-o-masharti saliqay, tajarti atwaar,tamadni-o-saqafti andazo-aqdaar waghera shaori aur la’shaori tour par daramad howay.In omour kay zeere-asar Arbi zoban ka bar-e-sagher ki zobanoun aur raej boliounko matasar karmahairat ki baat nahain. Marozaat-e-bala ki tasdeeq-o-taeed kayzeman mainHindustani shiar-o-adab, dastanoun aur mazhabi kutab i.e.Ramaen, Bhagvat Gitawaghera ko malahzt kiya jana chahiay. Yah amar bhibahar’tour malhoz-o-khatarrehna chahiay kah Arab, Iran aur Turki ko bhi matasar kartay

rahay hain. Ahal-efarasaur Turkoun ka bhi bar-e-sagher main aana jana raha hai.Bilwasta alfaz kidaramad ka silsala apni jaga mojoud raha.Arboun ki bar-e-sagher ki yatra dou hawaloun say khasusansamnay aati hai:1- Islam se pehlay ba’tour tajar waghera2- a- Islam kay baad ba’tour mobalagh, fatay aur siyasi matobwagerab- Musalman sufi bhi bar-e-sagher kay mukhtalif alaqoun mainwarad hotay rahayTalu-e-Islam kay baad Arab waghera ba’tour musalman(khasusan) aa’ay’ Es taraArbi tehzeeb kay elawa Islami tehzeeb nay bhi apna rangdikhaya. Bar-e-sagheer kizobanoun main mukhsus Islami istalahaat dakhal hoein. Agar inzoban ka lisanimotalia karma ho to in omoor ko nazar main rakhna paray ga.Es na’cheez thereermain Arbi kau Urdu par lisani hawala say baat ki gaee hai.1-Urdu main Arbi kay hazaroun alfaz apni asal ashakal, asalmafaheem aur daisimafaheem kay sath mostamal chalay aatay hain. Yahaanmisalain paish karma

mazmoun ko gher zarori tawalat dainay kay mutradaf ho ga.2-Arbi alfaz ko asal ashkal kay sath qaboul kiya giya hai likinoon kay mafaheemyaksar tabdeel kar diay gay hain. Maslan akhbar, baqaya,hareef, khat, khasam,khalifa, radeef, raqam, roza, raqeeb, sharaab, jalous, ghareeb,aziz, salvat, fitna,qaiyamat, qismat waghera3-Bohat say Arbi alfaz kay talafaz main tabdeli aa gaee hailikin mafaheem kisi haadtak qaem rahay hain. Maslan iqraar se aqraar, aqsam sayiqsam, ifrat say afrat, ilzamsay alzam, efada say afada, boraq se baraq, izafat se azafat,tanazur say tanazar, jizyase jazya, jima se jama, zimma say zomma waghera4-Ain ki aawaz omoman boul chal main nahain aati. Maslanmaloum malom/malom,ta’aluq say talaq, sama’at say samat, ma'asoum se masoumwaghera. Yah suratzeyada’tar Punjabi alaqa main paee jati hai.5-Ba’az daisi alfaz main Arbi aawazain dakhal ho gaee hain jiskay sabab alfaz Arbimehsus hotay hain likin oon kay mafaheem Arbi nahain hain.Maslan ahwaal, oqaat,

asami, hoor waghera wahad bolay jatay hain.6-Bohat sari Arbi estalahaat Urdu main dakhal ho gaee hain.Maslan aayat, ahraam,ajal, eman, amam, ameer, tasbeh, jubba, janaza, jarah, jehaad,hujra, haj, hadees,jannat, hamd, dein, kafun, dafun, sabaq,dafn, rabaee, joraab,sajda, shaheed, dozakh,ghusal, qaba, khumas, mukhamas, wazo waghera7- Arbi talmihaat nay Urdu zoban ko hosn aur sarvat bakhshihai. Chand eakmasalain malahza houn:Aatash-e-Namrood (Nar-e-Namrood), Ejaz-e-Masiha, hatam,Chah-e-Yusaf, dam-e-Esa, Shajar-e-Mamnoa,Hosan-e-Yusaf, taer-e-Sidra,Lehhan-e-Daoudi, Aadam, jalvae-Toor, Sabar-e-Ayoub, Tofan-e-Nouh, Gulistan-e-Khaleel,yad-e-baiza, Yaqoub baniisraeel waghera9- Bohat sari zarab-ul-imsal Arbi alfaz say tarkeeb paee hain.Maslan*wali kay ghar shitan*Zahir ka Rehman batan ka shitan*Jal tou jalal tou*jis ki fikr os ka zikr

*jis ki surat achi nahain os ki surat kiya daikhni*Jis ki jorou indar os ka moqadar sikandar*Jo qareeb woh ziyada raqeeb*hatam ki qabr par laat marna10-Taqya-e-kalaam main bhi Arbi alfaz jo islami istalahaat bhihai, mojoud rehtayhain. MaslanBismilla, Inshallah, Subhanallah, Alhamdulillah, Allah hafaz,Khair to hai, khqir ho, apna khayaal rakheay (take care), tobakar,toba karain, aafat hai, fitna hai, Allah baili, Allah bakhshay,Bismilla karain, Allah karay, zarour, zaruri nahain, khair say,khizarmilay, jis qadar, zara sa/si, barkat hai, eman ki, tajveez bana,bismillahka sawaab ponchay, hasha wa kalla waghera,11-Baishumar Arbi alfaz ki Urdu tariqa say jamein bana li gaeehai. MaslanHoroun, faqeroun, wakiloun, naqaloun, kitaboun, taqdiroun,safoun,zarortoun, hadoun, haltoun, hujroun, fitnoun, mazhabounmaskinoun wagheraHorain, kitabain, jorabain, haltain, hadain, taqdirain, safein,salvatain

Hujray, hadsay, safhay, fitnay waghera12-Un’gint Urdu mahavray Arbi alfaz say tyarkeeb pa’ay hain.Maslankhabr aana, khabr hona, khat aana, khat bigarna, khayaalbandhna, khayaal karna,haz othana, haq ada karma, haqiqat khulna, khairbad kehna,khair manana, hisaabbanana, hisaab daina, hisaab rakhna, salvatain sonana, haramkhana, haram moutmarna, haram ho jana, dua daina, dua othna, dua karma, dawaothna, haad bandhna,haad sy bharna, haad jari karna, haad say gozarna, dafankarna, damagh chatna,zikr karma, zikr hona, zikr aana, hajamat hona, hajamatbanana, zaat say girna,zakhera hona, hijaab aana, hijaab othna, raqam karna, raqamkatna, shak karna,shak parna, shak jana, shak karna, haal aana waghersa13-Mukhtalif tara kay un’gint marakbaat Urdu main mustamilho ga hain:Mal pani, sulah safaee, saaf suthra, saaf baat, maal gari, malamaal, zaatVanti, sad-e-rah, zaat paat, banda bashar, zaat raat, hasaljama, tan badan,

jama kharach, maal maro, mola bakhsh, tana mehna,Allah pak, Quran pak, Hadees pakEman chour, subh dam, subh sovairay,char asbaab, charanasar, jour jama, baadazaan wagheraJan-e-alam, azab-e-jan, ayam-e-baharaan, aab-e-hayat,aab-e-rahmat,aab-e-zamzam, aab-e-kosar, shab-e-zulmat, vazay-e-ehtyat,andaz-e-ataab,shoor-e-qaiyamat, sadqa-e-jariya, banda-e-khuda, jalwa-e-gul,tahaiya-e-tofan, jazbae-dil, hangama-e-mehfil, hosn-e-qatilfatah-o-nusrat, fatah-o-shakast, qaza-o-qadar, iz-o-jah,hosn-o-qabehdein aur dunya, arbi aur ajmi, ameer aur ghareebpehlay ameer pher ghareeb, pehlay sahib pher malazam,pehlay dwa pher, shefa,pehlay naiat pher namaz, pehlay salam pher parnaam, pehlaywazo pher namaz,pehlay daam pher kaamameer ho kah ghreeb, apna ho kah gher, dein ho kah dunya, dilho kah damagh,angraiz ho kah arbifilfor, filasar, filvaqay, filasal

dar-ul-aman, banat-ul-nash, daem-ul-habs, nour-ul-eain,qurat-ul-ein, nar-ul-hataab, rouh-ul-qodasjan ka sadqa, mal ka sadqa, chandi ka waraq, aafat ka tokra,aafat ka parkala, shah ka mosahebraqabat ki aag, shaihad ki churi, shitan ki aant, ji ki aafat, charki marzijan say aziz, khayaal say bahar, gherat say aari, shar saybahar14-Sabqoun Lahqoun say tarkeeb panay walay kuch alfazba’tour namona malahzahoun:ahal-e-dein, ahal-e-dunya, ahal-e-sidq, ahl-e-Islam,ahal-e-eman, ahal-e-taqwabaad’akhlaq, baad’tameez, baad’amal, baad’niatbai’khabr, bai’hal’ bai’eman’ bai’basar, bai’taaaluq, bai’hisaab,bai’dakhal,bai’khouf,ta’haal, ta ba’maqdour, ta ba’hayat, ta’dair, ta’qaiyamatbila’khouf, bila’tasaruf, bila’shuba, bila’hisaab, bila’jawazhum’kalam, hum’sohbat, hum’asar, hum’nafs, hum’waqtna’haq, na’qadar, (bai’qadar bhi mustamal hai), na’jaez,na’monasabgher’hazar, gher’zarori, gher’zaat, gher’insani, gher’sharaAllah’pak, Rasoul’pak,

Tajarba’gah, taleem’gah, jalsa’gah, jalwa’gah, janaz’gah,eid’gahTaseel’dar, ta'alqa’dar, mal’dar, hasal’dar, haq’dar, hissa’darHaram’zada, sahib’zada, ameer’zadaHosn’khaiz, larza’khaiz, qaiyamat’khaizZarorat’mand, raza’mand, zafar’mandKaram’nawaz, ghareeb’nawaz, hosn’nawazHaraf’aashnaHisaab’daanHaya’sozHairat’nak, ghazab’nak, khouf’nakTadbeer’gar, aafat’gar, jalwa’garSaf’bastaAtaaat’gozar, mal’gozar, khadmat’gozar15-Bohat say alfaz Urdu kay lisani set up kay motabaq tarqeebpa’ay hain. MaslanMala mal, naseba, biddati, batakh/batkha, badla, ta’at, na’raaz,hind say hinda, hindsay hindu, hind say hindastan, bar-e-sagher, hindvi, ahalyan,jurmana, baili, (sahailisay tarkeeb paya hai), Aagha mina, ata+pat (turki aur Urdu).16-Essi tara masadar bhi takeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan badalna,badlana, aazmana, atanafarmana17-Mardana aur zanana namoun main bai’shamar Arbi alfaz

parnay sonnay ko miljatay hain. MaslanAhmad dein, Fazal dein, Maqsood Ali, Rasheed Ahmad, SalamatAli, NoorMohammad, Barkat Ali, Shahadat Ali, Umar Dein, Amjad Ali,Mahboob Hussain, Akram Khan, Karam Haidri Raiza Bano, ZikraAbbas, NusratShagufta, Maqsoom Akhtar, Afzaal Baigam,Maqbool Baigam, Hamida Baigam, Jannat Bibi, Sahib Jan,Ramzana Bibi, Irha Syed,Umar Khair, Saeeda Pavaiz, Sadia Habeeb, Bushra Naheed,18-Urdu ki eak ibarat malahza farmaein jis say Urdu par Arbikay lisani asraat kaba’khobi andaza ho ja’ay ga:“Ghariboon kay sath aap ka bartao aisa hota kah oon ko apnigharebi mehsous nahoti. Oon ki madad farmatay aur oon ki dil’joee kartay. Aksardua mangtay thay kah Khoda’wand mujhy maskeen zindahrakh, maskeen otha aur maskinoon kay sath hasher kar. Aapmazlomoun ki faryad sontay aur insaf kay sath haq dalatay.”

Farsi kay Urdu par lisani asraatIran na’seraf Pakistan ka humsaya Islami mulak hai balkahdonoun khitoun katehzibi, saqafti aur moashi sharika sadyoun porana hai. Jabbhi dou khitoun kay lug,kisi bhi hawalah say eak dusray se shaoeri aur la’shaori satapar qareeb aatay hain toshaori aur la’shaori tour par lisani asraat bhi qaboltay hain.Jahaan aawazoun kaynazam (eak haad tak sahi) main kisi bhi sata par sanjh,zehni-o-fikri aur ulfat kata’alaq aur reshtah mojoud ho wahaan lisani moamlaat aur bhiaasan ho jatay hain.Yah'hi nahain mutradaf aur mutbadal aawazoun ka estamalaam ho jata hai. Dusrizobanoun ki aawazoun ko qabola jata hai. Farsi shair-o-adab kihama’giri aur aafaqisalahitoun nay Pakistani zobanain kiya, Bar-e-Sagher kitaqriban her zoban komotasar kiya hai.Her lafaz ka apna zati, jo os say mukhsous hota hai kalcharaur nafasyaat hoti hai.

Sahaori aur la’shaori sata par donoun zobanoun kay logg, eakdusray kay kalcharaur nafasyaat ko bhi qaboul kartay rahay hain aur yah cheezaatay waqtoun mainna’seraf fikri sata par eak dusray kay qareeb lati hai balkah ossay zobonoun kovosat, sarvat aur gehraee bhi mayassar aati hai. Izhar ko jalamilti hai.Farsi ka bila’shubah achay waqtoun main Bar-e-Sagher kitamaam walaetoun maintoti bolta tha. Baad ki mohajar qovatoun nay es ki bikh’kuni kayziman main koeedaqeqa otha na rakha. Essay mita dainay ki her sata par saeeki gaee aur woh es mainkamyaab bhi rahein. Essay khatam karnay kay liay moqamizobanoun aur bolioun kidil khoul kar hosla afzaee ki gaee. Baad azaan oon ka kailaykay chalkay ka sa haalkiya. En tamam’tar kosheshoun kay ba’vajoud FarsiBar-e-Sagher ki her zoban mainkisi na’kisi hawala say aaj bhi zinda hai jis say es amar kaba’khoubi andazah lagayaja sakta hai kah yah (Farsi) apni jan aur jussa kay hawala saykitni jan’dar aur

tawana hai aur Bar-e-Sagher fikri aur saqafti sata par Farsibolnay waloun kay kisqadar qareeb hai. Es na’cheez mazmoun mainUrdu zoban kayhawalah say haqeer sekoshes ki gaee hai jissy mazeed aagay barhanay ki zarorat konazar andaz nahainkiya jana chahiay.1- Un’gint Farsi alfaz Urdu main apni asal ashkaal kay sathdaisi aur FarsiMafaheem main dakhal hain. Yahaan oon ki farest paish karnamazmoom ko la’yaenitavalat dainay kay mutradaf ho ga.2- Urdu main Farsi alfaz aur daisi masadar say tarkeeb panaywalay mohavroun/marakbaat ki kami nahain. MaslanAab jana, Aab charna, Aab daina, Aab hona, Panah daina, Panahmangna, panahmain aana, pamal karna, pak karna, tabah karna, tabah hona,aabad karna, aabrujana, aabru otarna, aabru bachana, pust karna, pust hona, aahkarna, aah lagna,takht oltna, malak marna, palak japakna, paoun otarna, paounbhari hona, bukhtkhulna, barq tootna, baghal bajana, barabar hona, band

bandhna, band karna, bandlagana, paivand lagana, paivand ghantna, paimana charhana,paimana bharna,paimana ochalna, paimana barhana, pukhta karna, peer karna,boul bala hona, parbandhna, par jalna, par katna, par katna, par jalna, par marna,bosah daina, paounko bosah daina, paoun gardesh main lana, Aaloda hona,andaza lagana, andaza hona, baat subak hona, baat barhnagozasht hona, baatbarhna, rang pakarna, baat kursi nasheen hona, baat keh kargonah’gar hona, baatnishtar hona, taak rakhna, taak main rehna, taab daina, taabpakarna, pehlunikalna/nikalna, pehlu bachana, pehlu garam karna, aawazaana, aazad karna, afreenkarna, aawaz karna, aasman par otarna, aasman par thukna,aaghaz karna, aaghoshbharna, aasaib aana, aastein charhana, charagh oksana,charbi charhna, tamashahhona, tamashah karna/banna, taiz hona, teer aana, teer hona,teer kaman say nikalna,tang aana/hona/karna, jan atakna, jan sukhna, jafa jhilna, jigaraab hona, jigar pana,

jigar pani hona, tap aana, takht oltna, takhtah lagana, tap moothona, tarak karna,tashnah karna, josh aana, cehrah bigarna, chahrah likhna,cehrah hona, par lagana,ji shad hona, ji shadaan hona, ji shaghuftah hona, takyakarna/lagana, talakh bolna,josh daina3- Urdwa’ay ga’ay Farsi masadar bhi Urdu main ravaj rakhtayhain. MaslanTaveez bakhshna, qismat aazmana, sawab bakhshna, tohmattarashna wagherah4- Urdwa’ay ga’ay Arbi masadar Farsi alfaz kay sath estamalhoway hain. MaslanAawaz badalna5- Arbi Farsi alfaz ki aamaizesh say tarkeeb panay walaymohavroun ki bhi kaminahain MaslanOmeed qata karna, jamah qata karna, tankhah jari hona, janba’haq hona6- Un’gint mukhtalif qisam kay marakbaat parhnay sonnay komil jatay. MaslanRang roup, rang aur roup, rang dhang, rang aur dhang(donoun tara say mustamalhai), banda nawaz,babda navazi, banda parwar

Azafat kay sathAab-e-aakhrat, aab-e-baqa, aab-e-haram, aab-e-hayaat,aab-e-rahmat, aab-ezamzam,Bar-e-khatar, bar-e-rahmat, tap-e-gham, aafat-e-jan,peer-e-falak, peer-e-tareqat,bazaat-e-khudHamza kay sathJama ay haram, parda ay ismat, parda ay ghaeb, parda ayzulmat, bala ay jan,Tavana ay mutlaq, banda ay aazad, banda ay basher, banda aybai’daam, banda aydargahWao kay sathJan-o-mall, jism-o-jan, soud-o-ziyaan, aab-o-taab,siyah-o-sofaid, shab-o-rouz, tekhto-tajArbi Farsi morakbaatAasmani aafat, aasodah hall, khada ta’ala, Allah bukhshay,ghalt andaza, Allahmiyaan, talakh jawaab, baad dua, basa oqaat, boland hosla,boland qamat, pakmohabatbahishti zaiwar, takht jail, pukhta baat, pak saaf, darvaishsifat, bad-e-saba, tang

zarafKa kay sathAazad ka sota, aastein ka sanp, parestan ka alam, pari ka saya,pari ka tukra, baheshtka janwar, bahesht ka maiwa, baghal ka dushman, baghal kaphora, jan ka jajal,aamadni ka mosam, Jan ka bairi, talwar ka sabza, jhout kadaftar, chup shah karozah, jigar ka tukra, barabar ka baita, barabar ka jawabKay ke sathTalwar kar johar, Allah kay mast, jan kay bairi, jan kaydushman, jan kay bairiKi kay sathAllah ki shan, charag ki poja (charag poja), talwar ki dhar,talwar ki tab, jigar kichout, ji ki aman, takht ki raatSey kay sathJan say aziz, jan say dour, tapaak say milna, jan say piyara,sukhan chini say bachoChontioun bhara kabaab, jo bhara, ghanj bhara, rang bai’rang,rang main bhangrang rangila7- Sabqay lahqay bila’takalaf estamal main aatay rehtay hain.Maslan

Tajarbah’kar, ahal’kar, baad’kar, bay’kar, khud kar, balad;karKar aamand, kar gozari, kar gozarBaad tameez, baad chalan, baad khamar, baad havas, baadkhat, baad dua, baadmoash, baad kidar, baad damagh, baad niat, baad qesmat, baadkar, baad zobanBar akas, bar khalaf, bar taraf, bar qarar, bar tar, bar jaman,bar jastah, bar waqt, bar haqBay barg, bay dard, bay adab, bay abro, bay aab, bay namaz,bay chain, bay sood,bay takalaf (bila’takalaf bhi mostamal)ahal –e-khanah, ahal-e-hunar, ahal-e-jahan, ahal-e-zoban,ahal-e-sukhan, ahal-echaman,eha-e-emanta hal, ta dair, ta qiyamat, ta abad, subh ta shaam, kasur taLahorejama dar, jot dar, joor dar, taziya dar, takya dar, taziya dari,jahan dar, taraf darjalwa aara, hashiya aara, saf aara, jahan aara, khud aara,bazm aara, anjman aarajurat aazma, qesmat aazma, talay aazma, himat aazma, sabraazma, khud aazma,hosan aazmajidat taraz, sukhan taraz

taziat namah, taqseem namah, mohabat namah, ulfat namah,eqrarnamah, bai namahneem rukh, neem jan, neem charha, neem hakeem, neem raza,neemmula, neem khaab, neem razi, neem garam, neem watamasa khanah, peer khanah, basat khanah, ghareeb khanah,sharabkhanah, mehman khanahtalwar band, kamar band, galu/gulo band, the bandjalsah ghah, eid ghah, janazah/janaz ghah, jalwa ghah, ghah baghah,gahay ba gahay, aaram ghah, sharam ghahjugat baz/bazi, chaal baz/bazi, tok baz/bazi, pak baz/bazi,phaphatbaz/bazihashiya bardar, mal bardarjalwah afroz/afrozi, alam afroz/afrozijavah’gr, kho’gr, bazi’gr, charah’grtalab gar, khadmat garebadat gozar, darkhast gozarhazar bash, shab bashhajar bararsanam kadah, naimat kadah, rahat kadah, mai kadah,

hairat kadah, gham kadah, zulmat kadahhajat mand, zaroorat mand, ehsan mand, danesh mand,sa’adat mand,dolat mand, she mandhajat rava, farma ravarava dar/dari, rava rakhnahajat khah, khair khah, khaam’khaqalam tarash, pencil tarash, zulf tarsh, bohtan tarsh/tarashisabat shudah, hasal shudah, teh shudah, tamam dhudah, qaemshudah, khatam shudtamam tar, ziyadah tar, baad tar, kam tartar damun, tar damagh, tar-ba-tarba khabar, ba jamat, ba wazo, ba khair, ba himat, ba eman, bamal, ba naseebhosan shanas, ehsan shanas, haraf shanas, ruo shanas,havas bakhtah, rang bakhtahtamash beinqabarstan, takastanbin daamdeen panah, jahaan panah8- Farsi alfaz ki Urdu kay lisani nazam kay tehat jamain banaejati hain.MaslanPar se paryaan, shanasae se shanasaeaan, aarae se aaraeaan

(bazam Aaraeaan), eaan ziyadah’tar Punjabi main mustamalhai.Pulkoon, paryoon, damoon, baghoon, charaghoon, paimanoon,darvaishoon, peeroon, mardoon palkain, rahain, panahain,shakhain, girhain, aahain, bahain9- Na’seraf Farsi talmihaat Urdu main muntaqil hoe hainbalkah kae dusri talmihaat bhi Farsi alfaz se tarkeeb pae hain.MaslanAatesh-e-namrood, nar-e-Ibrahim, Aadam-e-khaki,peer-e-kanan, bagh-e-shadad, bahesht-e-shadad,khuld-e-bareen, chah-e-yusaf, bagh-e-irm, aaenah-e-sikandri,jam-e-jam, chah-e-rustam, jo-e-sheer, aab-e-khizar,aab-e-zamzam10- Urdu zarab-ul-emsal main Farsi alfaz ki kami nahain.Chand misalainmalahzah hoon:Allah day bandah lay, awal khesh baad darvash, tumhari yahrah hamari wo rah, jan hai to jahan hai, jan ki jan gae eman kaeman giya, Jo rah dikha’ay wohhi aagay barhay, chonti kiaawaz arsh par, jaisi rooh waisay fareshtay, Khoda baqi Dostfani, Khoda ki batain khoda janay, etqad kamil na ho to ebadatbay’kar hai, somundar kiya janay dozakh ka azaab, aap zindahjahan zindah, aap muradah jahan murdah

Angraizi kay Urdu par lisani asraatOmuman samjha socha aur kaha jata hai kah hakam zobanainmahkoum zobanounpar lisani hawalah se asar’andaz hoti hain , yah nazrea eakhaad tak darust ho saktahai likin es ki sehat ka mokamal tour par iqrar nahain kiya jasakta. Zobanain kisibhi hawalah se jab eak dusray kay qareeb aati hain, apna lisaniasar zarour chourtihain. Kam ya zeyada asar kay zemun main chand omour paishpaish rehtay hain.Maslan:1- Awazoon ki ginti aur oon ka lisani nazam2- Zobanoun ki lachak’paziri3- Mutradaf aur mutbadal aawazoun ki faravi ya mojodgi4- Bolnay waloun kay mazaj rujhanaat aur khsusi ravaeay5- Bolnay waloun ki mail molaqaat ki suratain aur zaroratain6- Majmoee aur shakhsi andaz-o-atwar7- Halaat, qudrati mahoul, aur moashrat8- Zaroratain aur oon zaroratoun ki noeat-o-ehmiat9- Zobanoun ki anna, jo oon se mukhsus hoti hai10- Aalaat-e-notaq aur moavan aalaat-e-notaq

11- Mutradfaat-o-Mutbadlaat12- Murakab aawazainMujbori se juray afaal estakam say dour rehtay hain ya pheroon ka saliqa darustnahain hota. Yah bhi mumkin hai kah oon kay andaz-o-atwarna’darust rahay houn.Bahar’tour kahein na’kahein kharabi, kaji ya adhoray’pun kikoee na’koee suratzarour baqi rehti hai jis kay sabab aatay waqtoun main oonafaal ki mout waqey hojati hai aur woh qessa-e-parena ho kar reh jatay hain.Mukhtalif alaqoun aur qomiatoun se motalaq lougBar-e-Sagher main mukhtalifhawaloun say aatay jatay rahay hain. Bar-e-Sagher kizobanoun nay badaisizobanoun se asraat qaboul kiay. Urdu nay bhi badaisizobanoun say asraat qaboulkiay. Urdu dunya ki tamaam zobanoun se ziyada social,milan’sar aur lachak’pazeerhai. Essi waja say aaj yah dunya ki dusri bari zoban hai aur eska daera-e-izharmahdoud nahain. Jab yah boli rahi ho gi, es ka qad-o-kathbatata hai os waqt bhiizhar kay moamla main os ehad kay motabaq aur os ki

zaroratoun kay hawala saymahdoud nahin rahi ho gi. Yah jab aur jis se mili ossay apnakar liya.Hoor, ahwaal, oqaat, majlis, misain, tuo chain, touch, maicha,naicha, ladiaan votran,sportran daftar, talisam, aab, taab, tap wagherah ab Arbifarst, turki, unani yaAngraizi kay alfaz nahain rahay. Urdu zoban main en ki apnihaisiat, kalchar,zarorat, estamal maniviat aur nahvi set up hai. Tamammahajar alfaz, Urdu kay apnay lisani nazam se mukhsus hain.Es qisam kay un’gint alfaz Urdu kay liay ajnabi nahain hain aurna’hi en kay estamalaat Arbi Angraizi waghera kay lisaninazam kay marhoun-e-mint hain.Angraizi, Bahadar Shah Awal (1712) say taqrebanBar-e-Sagher kay liay majburi ka darjah ikhtayar kar gaeelikin jab Urdu kay jussay ko malahza kartay hain to ba’khoubiandaza hota hai kah essay kisi bhi hawala say majbori ka naamnahain day saktay. Angraizi alfaz ko qaboltay samay kaheinaur kisi mour par es ki anna majro hoti nazar nahain aati.Badaisi/Mahajar ko es ki anna kay hawala say libasikhtayar karna para hai. Shalwar Qameez pehnay bagher os kinahain bani. Herbadaisi lafz Urdu kay zati hawala say apni shanakht rakhta hai.

Angraizi alfaz ko qabonay ki bohat sari suratain samnay aatihain. Agli satour main chand eak ka tazkara kar raha hounta’kah es hawala say kaam ko aagay bharnay main, kisi haadtak sahi, madad mil sakay. Es tehreer ki tayari kay liay QiblahSyed Akbar Allahabadi kay qalaam say bhar’pour estafadahkiya giya hai. Bawar rahay mojoud talafaz kay motabaq alfazkay indraj ki koshes ki gaee hai.• Bay’shamar angraizi alfaz Apni asal ashkaal kay sath Urduzoban main dakhal hogay hain. Oon ki yahaan farestdaina mazmoun ko la’yaeni tawalat dainay kay mutradaf ho ga.• Angraizi aur Urdu ki amaizash say mukhtalif qisam kayaamaizay/marakbaatparhnay sonnay ko mil jatay hain. Maslan:English masadar, Laat sahib, jhutay biskit, natural cheez,natural baat, paperdhandli, shoukh mis, natural hai, agla koras,anrairi andleeb, london tak/talak, gharbi mashinoun, paishcommission, maghrabioperation, dhili patloon, shakhasta note book, shiya college,siyasi committee makhfipolicy/palisi, angraiz society, tikat ghar, dak train, mulamajistrate, sufi professor,political zarorat, third walay, sintific tareeq, social halat,

political aab-o-hawa, eakinch, liague say, kolaig say, bar main, jail main, college kay,college main, hotal mainalam-e-teacher, mis-e-farang, milat-e-angraiz,khouh-e-kalaktar, taraqi-e-pension,meh-e-nature, chasham-e-mis, shah-e-england,shah-e-jarmany, mission-e-inkalaab,taqleed-e-english, saz-e-piyano, androun-e-asia,deen-e-naturi, shahid-e-hotal, sarjune-raqeeb, fikar-e-salution, ehhad-e-english, pabandi-e-patloun,patloun-o-kot, banglao- biskit, latin-o-english,college-o-teacher, englastan-o-jarman, shaikhi-o-kalarki,naghma-e-aspensar-o-mal, karnal-o-comissioner,naghma-e-yorap, ghamzah-eenginiri,mai-e-london, saya-e-hotal, nokri-o-membrisu-e-london, nuskha-e-resolotion, kocha-e-service,tazkara-e-college, tazkara-e-visit,parda-e-sacreen,kiresmis ka pechla, kalaktar ka day, aspeach ka honar,aspeach ka sur, taitar kasama, hukam English ka, english ka bojh, yorap ka qafiya,council ka vote, masjid kanotice, shahi ka charage, kalaktar ka didar, university kamasla, biskit ka chour,

biskit ka jour, lecture ka sabaq, enlish ka dour dora, beaf kachaska, patloun kapaich, astation kay sadqay, fesion kay sadqay, fasion kaykhalaf, fasion kay sath,bangloun kay moqeem, college kay kiray, college kay mufti,putloun kay batan, yorapkay loug, English kay falait, parh kay angraizi, government kaydaftar, nito kaywastayizzat ki history, yorap ki taraf, bout ki char char, wahdat kimistari, history ki basti,aspatal ki dawa, deputation ki sar sabzi, college ki bakvas,league ki government, nitochacha, yorap ki dastan, rail ki patri, nito ki ghis ghis, maiz kivaraity, leader kiraqasi, nito ki tunkha, London ki masjid, aschool ki garaimar,shitan ki sectarybanglon par tarkay, paraid par qoaed, paraid par laid, chahraypar gilat, moter parsawar, stage par dunya, committee aur resolution, tajarat aurpoliticsDecember ho ya augest, history ko bhool stage ko sanwar,votoon main mukhtalif,bangloun say namaz, bangloun main namaz, government to

kush hai, angraizi hi ko,bari mistake, government hi responsible, league say keh dou,chour literature ko,majoun nay kot pehna, munchi kah kalarak, government kipolicy, kilisa mainangraizi, resolation kay siva, yorap nay kaha, bai’tikatfareshtay, madam diyana• Sifti sabqoun lahqoun ka bhi bari khoubi se estamal hotarehta hai. Maslan:Bay’tikat, khushnama dinner, dilkosha sciene, bay’harm,bila’gilt, bila’colour,bila’operation, miss na’shanas, pension yaftah, banglanasheen, science daan, kalarkbadshah, kalark badshahi, mumkinilty, trarablaat, votraan,sportraan wagherah• Urdu masadar kay sath angraizi alfaz ka estamal aam sibaat hai. Ba'az aisaymarakbaat hain jo mohavray kay darjay par faez ho gay hain.Maslan:Aspatali ho rehna, operation karna, operation hona, operationho chukna, editorbanna, edit karna, advance daina, advance laina, bagsambhalna, batan kholna,patloon charhana, patloun dhili hona, reject hona, reject karna,

rail par charna, tecktkatna, select hona, select karna, sciene dikhana, sciencebunna, science banana, scienedaikhna, photo chatna, photo dikhana, photo laina, photodaikhana, photo khichna,college ki rah laina, life likhna, life raqam karna, life banna, lifebanana, life bigarna,life taba hona, mistar hona, wish karna, land hona, land karna,motor pakarna, waqtpass hona, waqt pass karna, history likhna, history parhna,nation banana, defancehona, defance karna, copy karna, copy hona, botal say pina,report likhna, reportlikhwana, report daina, lecturer sonna, lecturer daina, lecturehona, lecture jharna,lecture pilana, tikat katna, tikat katna, tekat katwana, tikatmilna, committee milna,committee dalna, committee daina, laina• Angraizi alfaz ki jamein Urdu kay apnay lisani nizam kayzair-e-asar tarkeeb patihain. Maslan:Bangloun, calljoun, kalarkoun, laidioun, misooun, membroun,votoun, voteroun, biloon, bankoun, universitoun, scholoun,motoroun, sportroun, teacheroun, doctoroun, professoroun

Misain, busain, carain, calainCommiteaan scocitiaan, veritiaan waghera• Bohat say angraizi alfaz ki Urdu main aawazain barhaeeghataee gaee hain. Maslan:School se ascool, scheme se askeem, steam se asteam,sacutar se askotar• Yay aur ee ki barhoti se alfaz bananay ka ravaj aam hai.MaslanAspatali, ministri, ragistari, daktari, mastari, kalactari, clerki,leaderi, aishiaewagherah• Moanas bananay kay liay daisi tour ikhtayar kiay jatay hain.Maslan:Daktarni, masterni, membarni, afsarni, ledarrni waghera• Bohat se alfaz tabdili-e-mafaheem kay sath Urdu maindakhal ho gay hain. MaslanBlade, break, discharge, taxi, copy, glass, circle, carkat,school, tube, lead, plate jugwaghera• Baz jamein Urdu main wahad mustamal hain. Maslan:Media, bictairia• Mutbadal aawazoun kay sath bohat say alfaz parnay sonnayko mil jatay hain.Maslan

cd say ct, praid se parait, professor se profaisal, charger saycharjal wagherah• Alfaz gharnay ki adadt tamam zobanoon main bari hai.MaslanBaek, tuch, lakat chain, pilshun, gainsa (gass), tony blade,bursh (buch),Chain step (change step), tuochun, rapat waghera• Talafaz ki tabdili aur tabdili-e-ashkaal ka aam ravaj hai.MaslanMarbal, garaemar, maral, bursh, such, batal, varaetiwagherah• Bohat sari ashya kay naam, omomi boul chal main dakhal hogay hain. MaslanCooler, farej, desh, fish, glass, matan, beaf, wall clock, washingmachine, wash room,bath room, kitchen, television, telephone, baisan, blade, ovan,bed, shampoo, bedsheet, chair, table, boot, coat, iron, cooker, shirt, vcr,shameiz, cup, soop, book, copy,pencil, pen, modal paper, medical wagherah• Bohat sari adviyaat aur medical se motalqaat kay naam aamboul chaal maindakhal ho gay hain. MaslanBrufen, septran, ponestone, paracetamol, disprine, needal,

nurs, surjan, ms, medicalstore, blood group, medical offcer, emergency delivery, care,ward waghera• Foji ohdoun aur foj se motalqaat kay naam Urdu zoban kahessah ban gay hain.MaslanCaptain, karnal, major, wing commander, wing head quarter,field officer, gun, tank,machine gun, brain gun, praid ground wagherah wagherah• Dafatar kay naam Urdu main dakhal ho gay hain. MaslanPresident house, Prime minister house, Assemblyhall/chamber, governor house,subae secretariate, dc office, sp office, post office, sdo office,edo office, deo office,wapda house, inspectorate, doctorate, ag office, accountoffice, police station, railwaystation, booking office, wagherah• Un’gint civil ohdoun kay naan Urdu main ravaj pa gay hain.MaslanMetar redar, driver, post man, lungar commandar, line man,clerk, head clerk, accountant, controller, principal, headmaster, judge, session judge, barester, dg, economist,accountant garnal, dean, counciler, manager, casher, gatekeeper director

wagherah• Bohat saray niji adaroun kay naam angraizi amaiz hain.Maslan• City view high school, pakistn modal high school, gardentown college of science,alkhair university, Irha postgraduate college, Lahore collegeof sciences, shibadelivery house, raza health service, saeeda health centre,qamar health calinic, noshabah beauty clinak, nikhar beautyparlar, nitasha beauty centre, jaded book house, ezhar sons,ferooz sons, taj compney, Ahmad cloth house, sajid landry,kasur landry, shizan baikery, nazir anaetullah transportcompney, zaki transport compney, chenab transport serviceswagherah• Bohat saray purzoon kay naan Urdu main mustamal ho gayhain. MaslanRing pistan, liver, break, bell, haran, ranch, sacru, handle,stayring, madguard, tyr, tube, carboraitar, axsal, chain,carrier, plug wagherah• “Un” donoun zabanoon ka mushtarkah sabqah hai. MaslanUn’parh, un’gint, un’haad, un’jan, un’daikha, un’mit, un’dataUnknown wagherah

Koee zoban eak halat par nahain rehtiHarouf ki banawat aur sakht kay hawala say omuman kaha jatahai kah falaan zobanitnay sakhtyati diamention ki hamal hai. Likhaee (Kitabat yakamposing) kay hawalasay diamention ka taeyan ghalat nahain likhaee jo sikhaee jatihai, moqara ya moeyanlikiroun/asoloun ki paband hoti hai likin baad’azaan mujmueetour perlikiroun/asoloun ki pabandi momkin nahain reh pati aur na'hiaisa hona mumkinhota hai. Es moamlay ki misal aisi hi hai, jaisay kisi foji kotraining centere mainjomla askari asoloun say zabani aur amli tarbiat di ja’ay auryah toaaqo ki ja’ay kahwoh es training kay assuloun ko ikhtayar karkay dushman komaray aur khud kobacha pa’ay ga, say ziyada koee ahmaqana baat na ho gi.Sikhay ga’ay (Amli aurzabani) assoul bila’shuba hikmat-e-amli main moawan sabathotay hain likin fata kayzaman nahain ho saktay. Madan-e-jang main mouqa aur noeat

kay motabaq kaamkarna hota hai.Zobanoun ka moamla es say kuch mukhtalif nahain hota. Sikhagiya lisani system aurmuktobi atkal likhnay aur bolnay main moavan hain. Boltaysamay majavza lisanisystem aur maktobi atkal bai’maeni aur la’yaeni ho kar reh jatihai. Wahaanmustamal aur hasab-e-zarorat mohavra hi kaam aata hai aursath main mojoudazarorat paish-e-nazar rehti hai.Mein nay bohat sari hath saylikhi gaee tehriroun kaba’ghour motala kiya hai inhain majavza aur moqarra likirounkay hawala saymalahza kiya, harouf kisi asoul kay paband nahain reh pa’ay.a,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,l,n,o,p,q,r,x,y kisi bhi hawala saymajavza/moqarra likiroun kaynazam kay tabay farman nahain reh patay.Yah'hi surat-e-hall Bar-e-Sagheer ki zobanoun kay sathdar’paish hai. Arbi aur Farsika moamla es say mukhtalif nahain. Angrayzi main ba’azharouf ommomi boul challmain eak aawaz kay hamel nahain hain. Maslan: But, put,university, umbrella (U)

Kaee aur zobanoun main bhi surat-e-haal es say mukhtalifnahain.Mukhtalif jazbounaur haltoun main bhi harouf ki aawazain badal jati hain ya in kisurat bilkulmukhtalif ho jati hai. Yah kah en jazboun aur haltoun mainaalat-e-notaq aurmoawan aalat-e-notaq apni assal halat main nahain reh patay,kayoun'kah in mainpehalnay aur sukarnay ki hamaisha shakti mojoud rehti hai.Chand kaifiatoun aur haltoun ka tazkara yahaan zarouri lagtahai ta'kah moamlawazay ho ja’ay:1- Ghusay ki halat main aawaz bhari ho jati hai2- Dukh main naheef aur kam'zoor par jati hai3- Paraishani main aawaz bay’tarteeb aur adam-tawazan kashakar hotihai4- Bimari main aawaz toutti hai5- Koee bhi andar moamla chal raha ho to lehja aur talafazbadal jata haikayoun'kah her moamlay kay sathkoee na'koe jazba zaroor jurra howa hota hai.a. aam aur achay mood main baithnay ki halat main aawazmatwazan rehti haibb. aam aur achay mood ki halat main laitnay ki surat main

aawaz pehalti hai jab'kahkarwat ki halat mainaawaz sukarti hai.Es qisam ki tabdeli intahae ghour karnay say hi mehsous ki jasakti hainc kuch logoun ko sotay main bolnay ki aadat hoti hai in kibatain ommumun samajh main nahain aatein es ki waja yah haikah sotay main aalat-e-notaq aur moaavan aalat-e-notaq maintabdeli aa jatihai. Dosra shaori koshesh na honay kay sababguftagu/baat cheet ki tarteeb aur alfaz ki nashest-o-barkhastmaravja nahvi nazam kay tabay nahain rehti.C 1-Ommumi chaltay howay bolnay say aawaz daera banati haiaur alfaz main“Noon”ka aazafa ho jata hai2- Ommumi bhagnay say aawaz bikharti hai3- Ghusay main dournay/lapaknay ya taiz taiz chalnay sayna’seraf aawaz bikharti hai, bai’tarteeb aurtukroun main taqseem ho jati hai4- Khushi main dournay/lapaknay ya taiz taiz chalnay saynathnoun ka faction bhar jata hai.D Door aur kisi dusaray rukh say bolnay say aawaz saaf aurwazey nahain rehti.# Monh kay rukh ki tabdeli say aawaz adam tavazan ka shakarhojati hai aur es main bikhrao ki bohat se suratain paida hojati hain.

E a Ghusay ya pher khusi ki halat main lehjay aur talafaz maintabdeli aa jati haibb Teaz teaz bolnay ki surat main lehja aur talafaz badal jata haiF 1- Aalat-e-notaq ya moaawan aalat-e-notaq main khalal yamazouri ya morozi kharabi kay sabab aawazoun ka nazammatsar hota hai. Aalat-e-notaq ya moaawan aalat-e-notaq kibimari (Dama, galay ki kharash, gala pukjana, monh puk jana,sanass ki takleef, dama, tap-e-diq, namuniya, naak ki hadibharna, gillar waghera).Aawazoun kay nazam ko matasar karti hai.na ’ay harouf goyavajoud pakartay hain.Paray daant ya samnay kay dou daant tout janay say aawazounka maravja nazam badal jata hai.G 1- Aalaat-e-notaq aur moaawan aalat-e-notaq apnayaalaqayhalaat mahoul aur mosmoun kay motabaq tarqeebpatay hain. Es hawala say zobanain dusri walaitoun ki bohat siaawazoun say mehroum hoti hain lihaza ba’daisi zoban boltaysamay es zoban ka ommuni lehja aur talafaz barqarar nahainreh pata. Omumun movannas mozakkar ka majavza imtiyaz bhibarqarar nahain reh pata.Gharaz aisi bohat sari chezain aur moamlaat hain jo sikhayga’ay nazam ko es kay assal kay motabaq rehnay nahaindaitay. Zobani aur amli surat-e-haal main zamein aur aasmanka faraq/boad mojoud rehta hai. Kisi bhi kalchar main

hazaroun mini kalchar pori aazadi kay sath, apnay apnaydaeroun main sans lay rahay hotay hain. Nasloun kay mazaajaur zarortoun main faraq mojoud rehta hai. Yah faraq assalpar apnay asraat moratab zarour karta hai, issay nazar'andazkarkay nataej akhaz karna kisi tara darust aur hosh'mandi kibaat nahain.

Urdutarikhi, adbi aur lisani aaena main TEHQEEQ: PROF. MR MAQSOOD HASNI PHD Prof. Mr. Maqsood Hasni (PhD) Tarteeb-o-Tadveen:Prof. Mohammad Abdullah Qazi (PhD) Bahawal'nagar, PakistanABUZAR BARQI KUTAB”KHANA DEC.2016