Danh Nhân Đất Việt

["\u0110\u1ee9c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, Thi\u00ean Nam d\u01b0 h\u1ea1... l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng h\u1ee7y \u00e1n minh oan cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, cho s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y sau v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \\\"L\u1ec7 Chi vi\u00ean\\\". Ch\u00ednh L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ea1c bia v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i: \\\"\u1ee9c Trai t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang khu\u00ea t\u1ea3o\\\" (T\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng \u1ee9c Trai s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1a sao Khu\u00ea). M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u00e0o tr\u00e1ng . \u0110\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Tao \u0110\u00e0n, L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. Th\u01a1 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Qua th\u01a1 \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi non s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0o tr\u00e1ng: N\u1eafng \u1ea5m ngh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd, Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf ba qu\u00e2n \u00e1t c\u00e0y c\u00e1o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc, \u00e1ng m\u00e2y nh\u1eb9 tr\u00f4i, Ph\u00f3ng m\u1eaft ng\u1eafm n\u00fai s\u00f4ng mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m. (Bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng C\u1ea5m \u0111i tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng) L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vua l\u00fac 19 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, khi tr\u00e1ch l\u1ed7i c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, Nghi\u00eam Nh\u00e2n Th\u1ecd, v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf 20 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \\\"Ta m\u1edbi coi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, s\u1eeda m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng phi\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft, mang l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng vua\\\". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vinh quang trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Si\u00eau https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng x\u00e2y n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L \u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i. L\u00fac l\u00ean ng\u00f4i tuy c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 \u1ef7 Lan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u1ecfi tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh, Ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c Th\u00e1i \u00fay L\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1eebng l\u1eaby c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb l\u1eabn ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan ch\u1ebf, chia v\u0103n v\u00f5 l\u00e0m ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \\\"Chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng\\\" (th\u00e1ng 4 B\u00ednh Th\u00ecn - 1076) nh\u1eb1m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \\\"tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\\\". V\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c an d\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m gi\u1ebft tr\u1ed9m tr\u00e2u. L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ph\u00f2ng l\u0169, \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n \\\"\u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea \u1edf ph\u01b0\u1eddng C\u01a1 X\u00e1\\\" (nay l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00ea s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u Long Bi\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), n\u0103m 1108. Trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1126, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu \\\"C\u1ea5m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y\\\" v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1edbn lao, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u1ec7p thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vua cha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1070 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng Nho gi\u00e1o, th\u1edd Chu C\u00f4ng, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n. N\u0103m, s\u00e1u n\u0103m sau, L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Khoa thi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u1ea5p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m \u1ea5t M\u00e3o, hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i Ninh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1075), l\u00e0 khoa thi Minh kinh b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Khoa n\u00e0y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00ecn (1076), vua cho l\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m \u1edf k\u1ebf sau V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu (ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, sau m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc), v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng cho v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m \u0110inh T\u1ef5 (1077) l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"thi l\u1ea1i vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt\\\", nh\u1eb1m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 thi ch\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: v\u0103n, to\u00e1n, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m B\u00ednh D\u1ea7n (1086) m\u1edf khoa thi ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, sung l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n. Khoa thi n\u00e0y M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0m l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc s\u0129. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh qu\u00e2n, L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5 luy\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \\\"h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c cao minh, hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd\\\" (Phan Huy Ch\u00fa). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia t\u1eeb L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n... \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \\\"v\u1ecb vua gi\u1ecfi\\\", \\\"v\u1ecb anh qu\u00e2n\\\" c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd. vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc l\u01b0u https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N g\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Ch\u00fac L\u00fd, huy\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u00e2y). L\u00e0 s\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 - b\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc in v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean tham gia kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1eef So\u1ea1n (em c\u00f9ng cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i) gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u01b0 k\u00fd trong ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u1eed \u0111i giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean t\u1ea1m h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, v\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh v\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u0103ng khoa l\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u00f4ng th\u1ecd t\u1edbi 98 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 khoa Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (1434 - 1442). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khoa thi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 x\u01b0\u1edbng danh, y\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u00e2n khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban m\u0169 \u00e1o, v\u00e0o cung d\u1ef1 y\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ng\u1ef1a qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i th\u0103m ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 kinh k\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"\u00e2n t\u1ee9 vinh quy\\\" v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, theo l\u1ec7nh vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd t\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ec3 \\\"l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi\\\". Sau khi thi \u0111\u1ed7, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00f4 ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, L\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 H\u1eefu th\u1ecb lang, Tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i phu ki\u00eam Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m T\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u00eam S\u1eed quan tu so\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n theo l\u1ec7nh nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m K\u1ef7 H\u1ee3i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 10 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, g\u1ed3m 15 quy\u1ec3n, chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t (ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7), g\u1ed3m 5 quy\u1ec3n, ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1eddi https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c (n\u0103m 938). Ph\u1ea7n hai (b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7) g\u1ed3m 10 quy\u1ec3n, ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u0103m 938) \u0111\u1ebfn khi vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (n\u0103m 1428). B\u00e0i t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u0169ng do Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"Tr\u1ed9m ngh\u0129: may g\u1eb7p bu\u1ed5i th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 th\u1eb9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, l\u1ea5y hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1eeda sang l\u1ea1i, th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0. Trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia qu\u00ean s\u00f3t th\u00ec b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o; v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i; v\u1ec1 v\u0103n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111i; th\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o hay vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o d\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng khuy\u00ean r\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u00f3p th\u00eam \u00fd ki\u1ebfn qu\u00ea k\u1ec7ch \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi... Tuy nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen ch\u00ea \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau nh\u01b0ng may ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c tra c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u...\\\". Qua nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m, b\u00fat ph\u00e1p s\u1eed h\u1ecdc... c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean. B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, tuy do Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o (ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1479), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh, L\u00ea Tung, Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, L\u00ea Hy... hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Phan Phu Ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00eam 1 quy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng cho t\u1edbi khi qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Minh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc; vi\u1ebft Tam tri\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n B\u1ea3n k\u1ef7 to\u00e0n th\u01b0 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n k\u1ef7 th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c; vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 to\u00e0n th\u01b0, bi\u1ec3u d\u00e2ng s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, ph\u1ea7n Ph\u00e0m l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0; vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn (hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y 166 \u0111o\u1ea1n) c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 \\\"s\u1eed th\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean vi\u1ebft\\\"... Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c Phan Phu Ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd h\u01a1n, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n; nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ca t\u1ee5ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u00e1c b\u1eadc trung th\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a s\u0129 v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00ean th\u00e2n; nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tham b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb gian t\u00e0, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u qu\u1ef7 k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn b\u00fat t\u00e0i hoa c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 S\u1eed M\u00e3 (S\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean), L\u00e2m kinh (Kinh Xu\u00e2n Thu do Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed san \u0111\u1ecbnh), th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft bao th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean v\u00e0o kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ee9c si\u00eau v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 Y\u1ebfn trang https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N guy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam sinh n\u0103m 1491, m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1585, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Trung Am, huy\u1ec7n V\u0129nh L\u1ea1i (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 C\u1ed5 Am, huy\u1ec7n V\u0129nh B\u1ea3o, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng). Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c (ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Nh\u1eef V\u0103n Lan) c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e2n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n t\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam t\u1eeb s\u1edbm \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia gi\u00e1o k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi giang v\u0103n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 tinh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1. Ngay t\u1eeb khi Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con trai th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec1m th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam s\u1edbm t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o cao \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eafc B\u1eb1ng. V\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1eabn ti\u1ec7p, th\u00f4ng minh t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y gi\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 r\u1ed3ng g\u1eb7p m\u00e2y. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam s\u1edbm th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, t\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa th\u1ea7y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eafc B\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1i \u1ea5t th\u1ea7n kinh ra d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eafc B\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi tinh th\u00f4ng. L\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e0 L\u00ea suy tho\u00e1i, c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau. N\u0103m 1572, M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean trai tr\u1ebb, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea9n d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng thi th\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. M\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1535. L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 45 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111i thi. Ba l\u1ea7n thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi H\u1ed9i, thi \u0110\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m quan v\u1edbi t\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u, nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c phong ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 th\u1ecb lang (ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 ba trong b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh). Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam. \u00d4ng hy v\u1ecdng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Doanh v\u00e0 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng. Doanh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Khi\u00eam, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng: v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i ren m\u00e0 vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, trong th\u01a1 \u00f4ng hay nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m \\\"th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn vi tang \u0111i\u1ec1n\\\" (bi\u1ec3n xanh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2u) c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \\\"ph\u00f9 v\u00e2n\\\". \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t cho \\\"v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh\\\" qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \\\"d\u00e2n \u0111en\\\", \\\"con \u0111\u1ecf\\\". \u00d4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c binh \u0111ao kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n cho ch\u00fang d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, \\\"v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean khi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u1ebf \\\"ch\u00e2n v\u1ea1c\\\". N\u0103m 1568, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y anh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n U\u00f4ng b\u1ecb Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, lo cho \\\"s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn\\\" n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi k\u1ebf an th\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam n\u00f3i: \\\"Ho\u00e0nh s\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1i, v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i dung th\u00e2n\\\" (ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00f3i: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0nh s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c xin anh r\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m cho v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a (t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e8o Ngang tr\u1edf v\u00e0o). T\u1ea1i Th\u0103ng Long, th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng ra s\u1ee9c \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf, li\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng d\u1eabn s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 ra th\u0103m ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u01b0: \\\"Gi\u1eef ch\u00f9a th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0103n o\u1ea3n\\\", ng\u1ee5 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n khuy\u00ean ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9 t\u00f4n ph\u00f2 nh\u00e0 L\u00ea th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 \u00fd ph\u1ebf l\u1eadp s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn binh \u0111ao. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c, sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean mi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf th\u1ee7, vua M\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \\\"Cao B\u1eb1ng tuy thi\u1ec3n, kh\u1ea3 di\u00ean s\u1ed5 th\u1ec3\\\" (Cao B\u1eb1ng tuy \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi). Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1688, sau ba \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t Cao B\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c m\u1edbi b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111o n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1i \u1ea5t th\u1ea7n kinh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u1eadp https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ea5m k\u00fd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf th\u00e1i, th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c x\u1ea3y ra \\\"n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau\\\". Th\u1ef1c, h\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hay ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \\\"th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, h\u1ea1 tri \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, trung tri nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1\\\" (tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u thi\u00ean v\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u1edf gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n th\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0: T\u1eadp th\u01a1 B\u1ea1ch V\u00e2n (g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp: Tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch v\u00e2n thi t\u1eadp v\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam thi t\u1eadp hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch V\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef thi (v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m). Th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, mang t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gay g\u1eaft b\u1ecdn tham quan \u00f4 l\u1ea1i h\u00fat m\u00e1u, h\u00fat m\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1o vua t\u00f4i, cha con v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng lo cho n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi da di\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd: \\\"Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi \u01b0u phi \u01b0u, h\u1eadu thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi l\u1ea1c nhi l\u1ea1c\\\" (lo tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i lo c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, vui sau c\u00e1i vui c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1). V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea9n, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, mong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \\\"kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf\\\". H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh t\u01b0\u1edbng, Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0: Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan, L\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Kh\u00e1nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Quy\u1ec1n... C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \\\"kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111i v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng duy l\u00fd... \u0111i t\u00ecm kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o hay c\u00e1i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trang T\u1eed. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u1ed1ng Nho nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u c\u00e1i l\u00fd, c\u00f3 khi r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebb s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c l\u00e0m t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u0129 phu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi phong l\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb H\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Tr\u00ecnh (t\u1ee9c Tr\u00ecnh Di, Tr\u00ecnh Hi\u1ec7n - hai nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc khai ph\u00e1 ra ph\u00e1i L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Nho), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ecnh. Tuy v\u1eady, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea3y sinh \u1edf quanh m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u01a1 \u00f4ng, ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n sinh, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \\\"lu\u1eadt\\\" \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0: \u0111en - tr\u1eafng, t\u1ed1t - x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ea7y - v\u01a1i, sinh - di\u1ec7t, vu\u00f4ng - tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y quan ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \\\"m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 tuy n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 duy t\u00e2m. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong khung tr\u00f2n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Chu d\u1ecbch... \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed trong \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\\\" (\u0110\u00e0o Th\u00e1i T\u00f4n). Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam(1) x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \\\"c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5\\\", nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ho\u00e0ng \u0110i\u1ec7p\u00a0 Giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam ------------------------------------- (1) C\u00f2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ebft Giang Phu t\u1eed. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L \u00ea L\u1ee3i sinh ng\u00e0y 10-9-1385 (6-8 n\u0103m \u1ea5t S\u1eedu) t\u1ea1i Lam S\u01a1n (K\u1ebb Cham), nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ecd Xu\u00e2n, Thanh H\u00f3a, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \\\"\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\". N\u0103m L\u00ea L\u1ee3i 21 tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111em 80 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Minh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u H\u1ed3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Minh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb k\u1ebb th\u00f9 gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 nung n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1416, t\u1ea1i n\u00fai r\u1eebng Lam S\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh H\u00f3a, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 th\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef y\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i Th\u1ec1 L\u0169ng Nhai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. Tin L\u00ea L\u1ee3i d\u1ef1ng c\u1edd ngh\u0129a, chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i bay xa, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o v\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea5t Lam S\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a. \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u01b0: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n, Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch, Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed, L\u00ea Lai, C\u1ea7m Qu\u00fd, Xa Kh\u1ea3 Tham... Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1418, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecbch \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n t\u1eeb m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i (th\u00e1ng 12- 1427), qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khai s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 938 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1.000 n\u0103m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n to\u00e0n th\u1eafng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac 20 n\u0103m th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Minh, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","L\u00ea L\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhen nh\u00f3m, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Minh m\u00e0 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a binh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea5y n\u00fai r\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tham m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. V\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n m\u01b0u tr\u00ed, qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh \\\"v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n\\\" theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u00f4ng nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm: \u0110\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 s\u00e1ch. Ta \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, qu\u00e2n ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ecfi, kh\u00ed nh\u1ee5t, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7n binh gi\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec ta \u0111\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nguy. Chi b\u1eb1ng nu\u00f4i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed h\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n t\u1edbi. Khi vi\u1ec7n binh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng\\\". Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \\\"V\u00e2y th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n\\\" c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"m\u01b0u ph\u1ea1t nh\u1ecb t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng\\\", uy hi\u1ebfp, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed9c v\u00e2y h\u00e3m V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n binh gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i Chi L\u0103ng, X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1427 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i - Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i. Sau khi \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c Minh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u0103m 1428, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 n\u0103m th\u00ec m\u1ea5t (1433), an t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i V\u0129nh L\u0103ng, Lam S\u01a1n, mi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5. Trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. N\u0103m 1428, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua, n\u0103m sau (ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 2, 1429), L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1edf khoa thi Minh Kinh. N\u0103m 1431, thi khoa Ho\u00e0nh t\u1eeb. N\u0103m 1433, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ra thi v\u0103n s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 n\u0103m 1426 trong khi \u0111ang v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t khoa thi \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7 32 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u00e0o C\u00f4ng So\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc th\u1eddi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u Minh. Th\u1ee9 hai, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eadp tan nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e8o C\u00e1t H\u00e3n \u1edf M\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ec5, Lai Ch\u00e2u. Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai P\u00fa Hu\u1ed5i Ch\u00f2 (b\u00ean s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c Lai Ch\u00e2u) n\u0103m 1431 khi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e8o C\u00e1t H\u00e3n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t giang s\u01a1n: \u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf t\u1eeb nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, N\u00fai s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o chung m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ec1 th\u01a1 kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 Tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta. Sau b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 hai kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch n\u00fai H\u00e0o Tr\u00e1ng b\u00ean Ch\u1ee3 B\u1edd, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i trong 5 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vua, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Vua h\u0103ng h\u00e1i d\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a binh \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p gi\u1eb7c Minh, 20 n\u0103m m\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, ch\u1ebf l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c, m\u1edf khoa thi, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7, l\u1eadp quan ch\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, thu g\u00f3p s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u01b0u l\u1edbn, s\u00e1ng nghi\u1ec7p. Song, \u0111a nghi, hay gi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ed7 k\u00e9m\\\". Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u0103n t\u1ea1o https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ng\u00f4i sao Khu\u00ea c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N guy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, sinh \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quan \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n. Cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u1ee9ng Long, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9c Trai (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh). M\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Th\u00e1i, con g\u00e1i Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n. N\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00ean 5 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng v\u1ec1 \u1edf v\u1edbi cha t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea n\u1ed9i \u1edf l\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb Kh\u00ea. N\u0103m 1400, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n n\u00f4, h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. C\u0169ng n\u0103m 1400, sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Vua, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly m\u1edf khoa thi. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ra thi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc sinh (ti\u1ebfn s\u0129) n\u0103m \u00f4ng 20 tu\u1ed5i. H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly c\u1eed \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh ch\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f2n cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh \u0111\u1ed7 b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1374, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u1ef1 khanh Th\u1ecb lang t\u00f2a trung th\u01b0 ki\u00eam H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Vi\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc s\u0129 t\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m. N\u0103m 1406, Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 sai Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5 mang qu\u00e2n sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. Cha con H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nghe tin cha b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f9ng em l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Phi H\u00f9ng kh\u00f3c theo l\u00ean t\u1eadn c\u1eeda Nam Quan v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh sang b\u00ean kia bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 cha gi\u00e0 trong l\u00fac b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9. Nh\u00e2n l\u00fac v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh b\u1ea3o Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i: - Con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch r\u1eeda nh\u1ee5c cho n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 cho cha. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfu. L\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo cha, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu hay sao? Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i nghe l\u1eddi cha quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u0103ng Long, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1eaft. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Ph\u00fac bi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng theo gi\u1eb7c. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb giam l\u1ecfng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan (t\u1ee9c Th\u0103ng Long), Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0o Thanh H\u00f3a theo L\u00ea L\u1ee3i. \u00d4ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u1edf L\u1ed7i Giang. \u00d4ng trao cho L\u00ea L\u1ee3i b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Minh m\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 s\u00e1ch. Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a \u1ee9c Trai di t\u1eadp, Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh cho bi\u1ebft: B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 s\u00e1ch \\\"hi\u1ebfn m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". L\u00ea L\u1ee3i khen chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Minh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i g\u1ea7n b\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n m\u01b0u t\u00ednh k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Minh. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1426, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n doanh \u1edf b\u1ebfn B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (Gia L\u00e2m). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u00f2i cao ngang b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1p B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai. Hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n, th\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1n ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i phu tri tam qu\u00e2n s\u01b0, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng mu\u1ed1n, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n: \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, m\u00ecnh lo tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i lo\\\". N\u0103m 1437, khi vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ra l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i cho vua bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 vua ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: - D\u00e1m mong B\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 r\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho trong th\u00f4n c\u00f9ng x\u00f3m v\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng h\u1eddn gi\u1eadn o\u00e1n s\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c. Do lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \\\"lo tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i lo, vui sau c\u00e1i vui c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\\\", Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m li\u00eam ch\u00ednh. Nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (Th\u0103ng Long) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00fap nh\u00e0 tranh (g\u00f3c th\u00e0nh Nam l\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t gian). Khi \u00f4ng cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf C\u00f4n S\u01a1n \\\"b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i, x\u00e1c x\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u th\u00f4i\\\" (th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Tu\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i). B\u00e0i B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \\\"thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 h\u00f9ng v\u0103n\\\". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean anh h\u00f9ng ca b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Qu\u00e2n trung t\u1eeb m\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 t\u1eeb do \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh. Nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh. Qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1442, c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i (tru di tam t\u1ed9c) khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc. N\u0103m 1464, vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu minh oan cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, truy t\u1eb7ng quan t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm h\u1ecfi con ch\u00e1u c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00f4ng l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec sao s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng truy t\u1eb7ng \\\"\u1ee9c Trai t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang Khu\u00ea T\u1ea3o\\\". Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc V\u0103n T\u00e2m * Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c * B\u00ecnh ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L \u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n (sau \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed T\u1ea5n) hi\u1ec7u Chuy\u1ebft Am, sinh n\u0103m 1378, qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng Tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00fac (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 T\u00e2n Minh, huy\u1ec7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00edn, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u00e2y). \u00d4ng thi \u0111\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc sinh n\u0103m 1400, c\u00f9ng khoa v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan. Sau khi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng Minh, L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 theo L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c V\u0103n c\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng v\u0103n, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, th\u01b0 t\u00edn... Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Minh k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea ra \u0111\u1eddi, L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i h\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n tri tam qu\u00e1n ki\u00eam Nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb kinh di\u00ean, tr\u1ea3i 3 \u0111\u1eddi vua: L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 (1428 - 1433), L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (1434 - 1442), L\u00ea Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1443 - 1459). L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n m\u1ea5t n\u0103m n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a r\u00f5. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp, L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1459, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i sau n\u0103m \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ecd h\u01a1n 80 tu\u1ed5i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u00e0i Ph\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y 3-11-1427 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 7 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n Minh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Th\u00f4i T\u1ee5, Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac. Qua b\u00e0i Ph\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u1edf L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft tha, m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo \u00f4ng, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf n\u00fai s\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf binh h\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u1edbn C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi linh Gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Gi\u1eef d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf h\u00f9ng binh. S\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00fa. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 b\u00e0i ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00ed Linh s\u01a1n ph\u00fa, Tri\u1ec1u tinh ph\u00fa, Qu\u00e2n chu ph\u00fa, H\u1ed9i anh di\u1ec7n ph\u00fa... l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng th\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00f2ng lo n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n. Di s\u1ea3n ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n hi\u1ec1n ph\u00fa t\u1eadp. L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 70 b\u00e0i n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp, Tinh tuy\u1ec3n ch\u01b0 gia lu\u1eadt thi, To\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t thi l\u1ee5c, Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t thi tuy\u1ec3n. L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n l\u00e0m th\u01a1 tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kh\u00f3 l\u1eafm thay! Th\u01a1 lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 56 ch\u1eef, th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t c\u00fa l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 28 ch\u1eef, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch. Mu\u1ed1n th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh, thanh \u0111\u1ea1m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u00f4; mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, phong ph\u00fa th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 l\u00f2e lo\u1eb9t; h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, th\u1eadt th\u00e0 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 qu\u00ea m\u00f9a. Cho n\u00ean l\u1eddi \u00fd gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn nh\u00e3, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fac tr\u1eafc, trung h\u1eadu nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, cao si\u00eau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u00f4n h\u00f2a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\" (T\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp). Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft: \\\"Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng chu\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u01a1 c\u1ed5\\\". \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thanh th\u1ea3n, ung dung, cao khi\u1ebft, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong m\u00e1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hoa tr\u00e1i, cua \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1eafng gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i \u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng x\u01b0a: N\u1eafng h\u00f2e \u00eam d\u1ecbu x\u1ebf t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4i, M\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i ch\u1ed3i sen qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3 tr\u1eddi. S\u1eafc l\u1eabn m\u00e0u thu tr\u1eddi r\u1ee3n b\u00f3ng, \u00e1nh l\u1ed3ng v\u1ebb n\u00fai n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ng\u1eddi. Cua v\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch \u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u0103ng s\u1edbm, Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee7 da xanh n\u1edf m\u00fai r\u1ed3i, B\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n r\u01b0\u1ee3u ngon vui c\u1ee9 u\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee3i g\u00ec gi\u1eadu c\u00fac nh\u1ecb v\u00e0ng ph\u01a1i. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","(\u0110\u1ea7u thu - B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t thi v\u0103n tuy\u1ec3n). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u1ebf tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ghi nh\u1edb. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n y d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N \u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng g\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 T\u0129nh, qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a Ph\u00fa, t\u1ed5ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i, huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea9m Gi\u00e0ng, ph\u1ee7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3ng (t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y nay). M\u1ed3 c\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb l\u00fac 6 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 T\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ch\u00f9a H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Giao Th\u1ee7y nu\u00f4i cho \u0103n h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 22 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu Th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a \u0111i tu l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111i tu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 55 tu\u1ed5i (1385), Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i c\u1ed1ng cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh. Sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Minh phong l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i y Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, m\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u00ean \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u0103m n\u00e0o. Bia v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a Ph\u00fa (do Nguy\u1ec5n Danh Nho so\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1697) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c: tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong d\u00e2n gian, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n y h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p y d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Nam d\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u chia l\u00e0m 10 khoa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 H\u1ed3ng Ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 gi\u00e1c y th\u01b0 (2 quy\u1ec3n) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o 500 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c nam, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt (n\u00f4m), v\u00e0 b\u00e0i Ph\u00fa thu\u1ed1c Nam 630 v\u1ecb c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Th\u01a1 v\u0103n N\u00f4m \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi nay, gi\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ee7, s\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \\\"Thu\u1ed1c Nam Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam Vi\u1ec7t\\\" bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 sinh c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Ngay trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecb \u0111oan c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: ch\u00e2m, ch\u00edch, ch\u01b0\u1eddm, b\u00f3p, xoa, \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, h\u01a1, x\u00f4ng,v.v. Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ec7 sinh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m. C\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft, trong 30 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 24 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh y x\u00e1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. \u00d4ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u y \u00e1n: 182 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng 3.873 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9. \u00d4ng n\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong 14 ch\u1eef: B\u1ebf tinh, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed, t\u1ed3n th\u1ea7n. Thanh t\u00e2m, qu\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n, luy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh. Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh c\u00f2n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho gia s\u00fac. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ng\u00e0nh th\u00fa y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng \u1edf x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m V\u0103n, C\u1ea9m V\u0169, \u1edf ch\u00f9a H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0ng Y\u00ean Trung, nay l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Gi\u00e1m, x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m S\u01a1n, huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea7m Gi\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1edd \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n Bia vi\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u00ean, c\u00f4ng t\u1ebf th\u1ebf cao b\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1i l\u0129nh S\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u01a1n c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1a C\u1ea9m Giang. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u0169 ng\u1ecdc kh\u00e1nh - \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ecb h\u1ea3o https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Phan Phu Ti\u00ean \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 P han Phu Ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng V\u1ebd (\u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u1ea1c, huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Li\u00eam, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 song, m\u00e2y \u0111an l\u00e1t c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng t\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0 T\u00edn Th\u1ea7n, t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 M\u1eb7c Hi\u00ean. T\u1ea1i khoa thi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0o n\u0103m B\u00ednh T\u00fd, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 9 \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng (1396), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc sinh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi L\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec3n th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau khi thi \u0111\u1ed7, Phan Phu Ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m, hai c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Sau su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 1\/4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1429, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 thi khoa Minh Kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5; sau \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ghi ch\u00e9p g\u00ec th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi danh s\u0129 h\u1ecd Phan n\u00e0y. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed3ng tu s\u1eed \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed vi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp - c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u01a1 ca c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00f2ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ra s\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y. M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m Qu\u00fd S\u1eedu, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 6 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 (1433), b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Phan Phu Ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"Trong l\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1eaft s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh... C\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng khanh, s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eb3ng ai kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","s\u00e2u k\u00edn, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 thi t\u1eadp l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng do binh l\u1eeda n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfc thay!... C\u00e1c b\u1eadc qu\u00e2n t\u1eed sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, r\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n, th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp, m\u1edbi mong kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1edf than v\u00ec b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t ch\u00e2u trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3\\\". S\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u1eafc in th\u00ec Phan Phu Ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c An Ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9 \u1edf t\u1ec9nh ngo\u00e0i (Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Hoan Ch\u00e2u). Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ecb ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed Chu Xa v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp. Sau h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o T\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp do Chu Xa bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1459, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0n L\u00e2m h\u1ecdc s\u0129 L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh, r\u1ed3i cho kh\u1eafc in. Theo b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a L\u00fd T\u1eed T\u1ea5n th\u00ec T\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 700 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 (s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 7 quy\u1ec3n). B\u1ea3n in l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ba quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1729. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quan \u1edf t\u1ec9nh ngo\u00e0i, n\u0103m 1448, Phan Phu Ti\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kinh, sung ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u0129 tri Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed vi\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba tr\u00f4ng coi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed. N\u0103m \u1ea5t H\u1ee3i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Di\u00ean Minh th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1455), v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh nh\u00e0 vua, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean (n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u), ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1226 cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1427), g\u1ed3m 10 quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0. Ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7nh, B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt to\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. To\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t thi l\u1ee5c do L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p ba b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: Vi nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o (L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp), H\u1ea1 gi\u00e1n ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i phu Nguy\u1ec5n \u1ee9c Trai v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1n quan nh\u1eadm m\u00e3n (T\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng ph\u00e1n quan h\u1ecd L\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c), l\u1eddi th\u01a1 b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, n\u00eau cao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ecdng ngh\u0129a t\u00ecnh, ch\u0103m lo vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nho s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u1ea1c (huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Li\u00eam, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Phan Phu Ti\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c ho\u00e0nh phi mang ba ch\u1eef Khai T\u1ea5t Ti\u00eau, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","t\u1edbi vinh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1i khoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c si\u00eau https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d4 ng c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m cung phi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eb9 nh\u00e0 vua Tr\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, vua Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5c Chi h\u1eadu (1371), \u0111\u1ebfn vua Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean l\u00e0m Khu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9, l\u1ea1i g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Huy Ninh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t trong tri\u1ec1u. N\u0103m 1395 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1i s\u01b0, t\u01b0\u1edbc Trung tuy\u00ean V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1eafm tr\u1ecdn quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1400, \u00f4ng tru\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i vua Tr\u1ea7n, l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan l\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng. H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kinh, th\u01b0, thi. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp thi\u00ean \\\"v\u00f4 d\u1eadt\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho con c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 quan v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n ra 14 thi\u00ean Minh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1edf \\\"Qu\u1ea3n t\u1ebf\\\" (nh\u01b0 ty y t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay). \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t kho l\u00faa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh\\\", l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng mua l\u00faa tr\u1eef v\u00e0o, ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a \u0111em b\u00e1n r\u1ebb cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 10 m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng. S\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i t\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 l\u0103m le x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, v.v... Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng song nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tri\u1ec1u H\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y n\u0103m th\u00ec qu\u00e2n Minh tr\u00e0n sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, song \\\"qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng\\\", H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch, cho n\u00ean sau 6 th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Minh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 cao. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 phong h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1: \\\"D\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n An Nam s\u1ef1 An Nam phong t\u1ee5c thu\u1ea7n Y quan \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c H\u00e1n qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc \u1ee7ng khai t\u00e2m t\u1eedu Kim \u0111ao ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ebf l\u00e2n Ni\u00ean ni\u00ean nh\u1ecb tam nguy\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0o l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t ban xu\u00e2n\\\" T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \\\"An Nam mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 Xin \u0111\u00e1p: phong t\u1ee5c thu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 H\u00e1n Y quan ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Dao v\u00e0ng c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u1ea9y B\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdc r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1eebng h\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n t\u1edbi M\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o n\u1edf ch\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1eddn\\\". https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Khi c\u00f2n n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i xu th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m can gi\u00e1n c\u00e1i sai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua khi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi quan Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed Trung \u0111\u00f4 \u00fay \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1eed Tr\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng g\u1eedi l\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1: \\\"\u00d4 \u0111\u00e0i c\u1eedu h\u1ef9, c\u1ea5m v\u00f4 thanh \u0110\u1ed1n s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong hi\u1ebfn khinh T\u00e1 v\u1ea5n T\u1eed Tr\u1eebng nhu Trung \u00fay Th\u01b0 sinh h\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh sinh\\\" T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \\\"\u0110\u00e0i gi\u00e1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng l\u1eb7ng thinh Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e9p b\u1ecb coi khinh T\u1eed Tr\u1eebng, Trung \u00fay sao m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu? K\u1ebb s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh!\\\" V\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf. K\u1ebb gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u theo ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tho\u00e1n ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng minh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i m\u00e0 tham quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 K\u00fd Nguy\u00ean qu\u00e2n (g\u1eedi Nguy\u00ean qu\u00e2n) vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"Ti\u1ec1n h\u1eefu dung \u00e1m qu\u00e2n H\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eadp Linh \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o an b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3 s\u1eed lao nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\\\" D\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \\\"C\u0169ng m\u1ed9t du\u1ed9c vua h\u00e8n H\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Linh \u0110\u1ee9c Sao ch\u1eb3ng s\u1edbm li\u1ec7u \u0111i? Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecdc s\u1ee9c!\\\". (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ea5n Nghi) th\u00e1i anh (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay) https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1t Ch\u00e2n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d4 ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i B\u1ea3o Ngh\u0129a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef713. C\u0169ng theo s\u1eed c\u0169, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1t Ch\u00e2n g\u1ed1c h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00e1i. V\u0103n bia x\u00e3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Mai ghi n\u0103m Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 3 (1430) cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng sinh ng\u00e0y T\u00e2n S\u1eedu, th\u00e1ng Ch\u1ea1p, n\u0103m Thi\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1370). N\u0103m K\u1ef7 T\u1ef5 (1389), qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp Thanh H\u00f3a, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1. B\u1ecb thua, Qu\u00fd Ly tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng b\u00e8n sai Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1t Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c \u0111ang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long. \u00d4ng \\\"v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh, kh\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1i r\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u1ea1y t\u1ea1 r\u1ed3i ra \u0111i\\\". Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3c, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a. Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Giang th\u00ec g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ecbch. \u00d4ng li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i n\u00ean r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c binh \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba s\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb H\u00e0. Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m Canh Ng\u1ecd (1390), thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung h\u1ecfa ph\u00e1o b\u1eafn v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n vua Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga. B\u1ed3ng Nga ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam tan t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ed9i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 n\u1eefa. Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u Th\u0103ng Long kh\u1ecfi tai h\u1ecda b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Long Ti\u1ec7p B\u1ed5ng th\u1ea7n N\u1ed9i v\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0169 ti\u1ebft quan N\u1ed9i h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban th\u00e1i \u1ea5p \u1edf v\u00f9ng K\u1ebb M\u01a1, ph\u00eda nam kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long. N\u0103m 1399, th\u1ea5y H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ebft vua Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n m\u01b0u s\u00e1t H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly trong h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u1edf n\u00fai \u0110\u1ed1n S\u01a1n (x\u00e3 Cao M\u1eadt, huy\u1ec7n V\u0129nh L\u1ed9c). Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i l\u1ed9, h\u01a1n 730 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1eafp b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1t Ch\u00e2n g\u00e0o th\u00e9t ba ti\u1ebfng. Ch\u1ebft qua ba ng\u00e0y s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, sau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nhai v\u00e0 \u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0110\u1ed1n S\u01a1n. Ba t\u1ed5ng Cao M\u1eadt, B\u1ec9nh B\u00fat, Nam Cai c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 29 l\u00e0ng c\u00fang t\u1ebf. \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng K\u1ebb M\u01a1 c\u0169ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ef1ng bia ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 mang t\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1t Ch\u00e2n. nguy\u1ec5n quang \u00e2n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Phi\u00eau k\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 T r\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec7n Ch\u00ed Linh (H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng), con c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00f3 Duy\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 vua n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2n Hu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua y\u00eau l\u1eadp l\u00e0m \\\"Thi\u00ean t\u1eed ngh\u0129a nam\\\" (con nu\u00f4i vua). Sau l\u1ea1i phong ch\u1ee9c Phi\u00eau k\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i t\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1eed ph\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ecb h\u1ea7u. Sau v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft quan t\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ecbch thu gia s\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i lui v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Ng\u1ecd (1282), Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 ch\u1edf thuy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Than, nh\u00e0 vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, tr\u1ecf v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o quan th\u1ecb th\u1ea7n r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Hu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng\\\". R\u1ed3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edf thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi: \\\"\u00d4ng l\u00e1i kia, vua sai \u0111\u00f2i nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i\\\". Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 n\u00f3i: \\\"\u00d4ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn\\\". Qu\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2u th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Vua n\u00f3i: \\\"\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Hu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i th\u1ebf\\\". Vua l\u1ea1i sai \u0111i g\u1ecdi. Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3n l\u00e1. Vua n\u00f3i: \\\"Nam nhi c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng\\\". Vua xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu tha t\u1ed9i, ban cho \u00e1o ng\u1ef1, v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebf hay, \u0111\u00fang \u00fd vua. Nh\u00e0 vua cho ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c c\u0169, l\u1ea1i phong l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba (1288), \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n. Khi c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi, Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, \u00f4ng \u0111em qu\u00e2n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng nghe tin, sai b\u1eaft v\u1ec1 kinh x\u1eed t\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 r\u1eb1ng \\\"l\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 x\u1eed, t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng xin ho\u00e3n v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu b\u00faa r\u00ecu c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed9n\\\". Theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n H\u1ed5 d\u1eabn h\u01a1n 100 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 binh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean nghe tin m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 lo vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1eefa. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, l\u1eafm m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, bi\u1ebft kinh doanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a cha m\u00ecnh \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n than \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eed c\u0169 v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a phong ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c (n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), khinh ngh\u1ec1 ng\u1ecdn (bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n) n\u00ean coi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng bu\u00f4n than, b\u00e1n n\u00f3n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \\\"h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn\\\". Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, \u1edf th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng n\u00f4ng \u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c bao v\u00e2y c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf. Khi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan li\u00eau v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 quen s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kinh doanh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Nguy\u1ec5n Quang \u00c2n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Chi\u00eau V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d4 ng l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 6 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, sinh th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m \u1ea5t M\u00e3o (1255) t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng cung Th\u0103ng Long. 30 n\u0103m sau, th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m \u1ea5t D\u1eadu , \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng trong tr\u1eadn H\u00e0m T\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. S\u1eed c\u0169 truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng, khi \u00f4ng sinh ra, \u1edf c\u00e1nh tay c\u00f3 ch\u1eef Chi\u00eau V\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed , Nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u cho \u00f4ng. L\u00fac l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u do \u00f4ng th\u1ea3o.Vua Anh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai m\u0169 v\u00f5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i trong khi duy\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3ng v\u00f5 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Khi Anh T\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, sai Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 Uy V\u0169, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 Uy \u0110\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, kh\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u do \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chi\u00eam hay c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00f9y theo qu\u1ed1c t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i. S\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00e1ch M\u00e3 T\u00edch (kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o) sang c\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed7i khi ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 Nguy\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ecbnh (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) sang l\u00e0m quan \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n (ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt) th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: ch\u00fa Chi\u00eau V\u0103n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp sau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean l\u1ea1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc . N\u0103m Canh Th\u00ecn (1380), th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u00e0 Giang l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c M\u1eadt t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u00e0 Giang, l\u0129nh m\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1c M\u1eadt nghe tin, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i: \\\"M\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu \u00e2n ch\u00faa \u0111i ng\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec M\u1eadt xin h\u00e0ng . \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 \u0111em theo v\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i theo \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1i M\u1eadt. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u00d4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi M\u1eadt \u0103n b\u1eb1ng tay, u\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i. M\u1eadt th\u00edch l\u1eafm, \u0111em gia thu\u1ed9c xin h\u00e0ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecfa d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e0 Giang. N\u0103m \u1ea5t D\u1eadu(1285), qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Tuy\u00ean Quang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam xu\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf tr\u1ea1i Thu V\u1eadt, Tuy\u00ean Quang, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat lui chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Y\u00ean B\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vang d\u1ed9i \u1edf tr\u1eadn H\u00e0m T\u1eed. Gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tan t\u00e1c. Ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng \\\"c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean, Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 . N\u0103m Nh\u00e2m D\u1ea7n(1302), vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng phong Chi\u00eau V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i \u00fay Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng vua tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Minh T\u00f4ng n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00fd(1324) phong T\u00e1 th\u00e1nh Th\u00e1i s\u01b0, n\u0103m K\u1ef7 t\u1ef5(1329) l\u1ea1i phong \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ecfi, ngay th\u1eb3ng. V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Trinh c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n nh\u1edd \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang. \u00d4ng g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ra ph\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u0111em vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y ra tr\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng cho. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khoan dung, m\u1eebng gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 ra s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t. Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a roi v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gia n\u00f4. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ec7n gia t\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7( t\u1ee9c Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n). Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia t\u1ef3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1eaft \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0, b\u1eaft tr\u00f3i \u1ea7m \u1ef9. Phu nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3c, n\u00f3i: \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 B\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u00f4ng nhu qu\u00e1 n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi khinh r\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\\\". \u00d4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec, sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o gia t\u1ef3 r\u1eb1ng: \\\"M\u00e0y c\u1ee9 ra, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc . \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103m Canh Ng\u1ecd (1330) \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng, th\u1ecd 77 tu\u1ed5i. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vinh quang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u00f5 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh - \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb H\u1ea3o https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Chu V\u0103n An ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e3n th\u1eed h\u00e0 th\u1eddi, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1i phi hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1n t\u1ed3n \u1ea9n x\u1ee9, tr\u0129 l\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tri\u1ebft nh\u00e2n phong. \u00a0 (Cu\u1ed1i Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh rong ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa vui hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3. Non ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i \u1ea9n, n\u00fai s\u00f4ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn phong c\u00e1ch tri\u1ebft nh\u00e2n). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Chu V\u0103n An - nh\u00e0 Nho, nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C hu V\u0103n An t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1u \u1ea9n, t\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0 Linh Tri\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u00f4n, x\u00e3 Quang Li\u1ec7t, huy\u1ec7n Thanh \u0110\u00e0m (nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Thanh Tr\u00ec - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). Theo th\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng Thanh Li\u1ec7t, n\u01a1i th\u1edd \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, th\u00ec \u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn (1292) v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m Canh Tu\u1ea5t (1370). Chu V\u0103n An ngay t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c, s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch, gi\u1eef ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u danh l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. Khi thi \u0111\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc sinh, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn theo h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, thi \u0111\u1ed7 ra l\u00e0m quan to trong tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh, L\u00ea Qu\u00e1t khi v\u1ec1 th\u0103m th\u1ea7y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ec5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u00edt l\u1eddi th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1eebng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, \u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00e1t m\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng cho g\u1eb7p. T\u00ednh nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch thanh cao v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m \u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan xa. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n khi Chu V\u0103n An m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn theo h\u1ecdc. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadt s\u1edbm nghe gi\u1ea3ng. Th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y khen l\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. \u00f4ng b\u00e8n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2 xem th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn khu \u0111\u1ea7m \u0110\u1ea1i (khu \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh v\u00e0nh khuy\u00ean, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb , T\u1ee9 K\u1ef3, Hu\u1ef3nh Cung) th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc. G\u1eb7p l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i xong \u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi xem ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u01b0a gi\u00fap d\u00e2n, gi\u00fap th\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u1ee9ng ra xin nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y: \\\"Con v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng con c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u00e2n. Mai kia n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hay, mong th\u1ea7y chu to\u00e0n cho\\\". Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ra gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n l\u1ea5y nghi\u00ean m\u00e0i m\u1ef1c, ng\u1eeda m\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00fat th\u1ea5m m\u1ef1c v\u1ea9y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. V\u1ea9y g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c, l\u1ea1i tung c\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean l\u1eabn b\u00fat l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e2y \u0111en k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 m\u01b0a m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00eam h\u00f4m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00e2y thu\u1ed3ng lu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7m. Chu V\u0103n An \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc r\u1ed3i sai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sau nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng \u01a1n b\u00e8n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. Nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ed7 nghi\u00ean m\u1ef1c b\u1ecb n\u00e9m r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111en, n\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7m M\u1ef1c. Qu\u1ea3n b\u00fat r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0ng T\u1ea3 Thanh Oai bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129, Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, v.v... Trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec5n kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t b\u00fat l\u1ef1c h\u1ed3i thi\u00ean t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn. Chu \u0111\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u0169, thi\u00ean tr\u00f9 v\u1ecdng thi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ed3n kh\u00f4. ( M\u00e2y l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean m\u1ef1c bay l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn b\u00fat ra c\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi thu\u1eadn theo l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. M\u01b0a t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n son \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ebb tr\u1ed5 m\u00f9a hoa). (Chu \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: s\u00e2n son v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1ecd Chu, ch\u1ec9 Chu V\u0103n An). C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Chu V\u0103n An \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Chu c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Chu V\u0103n An l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m T\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y Th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0129nh Chi, Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Ng\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, suy tho\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, b\u1ecdn gian th\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Chu V\u0103n An nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n can ng\u0103n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e8n d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin ch\u00e9m b\u1ea3y k\u1ebb n\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua y\u00eau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3m s\u1edb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng nghe, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n \\\"treo m\u0169 \u1edf c\u1eeda Huy\u1ec1n V\u0169\\\" r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf quan v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea9n t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u1eafc, huy\u1ec7n Ch\u00ed Linh (H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng) l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1u \u1ea9n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u1ea9n h\u00e1i c\u1ee7i). Sau \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Theo th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u0169 th\u00ec Chu V\u0103n An vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: hai t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef thi t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1u \u1ea9n thi t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3n \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc. Theo m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec Chu V\u0103n An c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n quy\u1ec3n Y h\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i t\u1eadp chu di bi\u00ean g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u00f4ng y. Khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1 l\u1edbn b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu. Vua c\u00f2n ban t\u1eb7ng t\u00ean th\u1ee5y cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 V\u0103n Trinh. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n bia \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef \\\"V\u0103n Trinh\\\" nh\u01b0 sau: (V\u0103n, \u0111\u1ee9c chi bi\u1ec3u d\u00e3; Trinh, \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh c\u1ed5 d\u00e3. V\u0103n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t )c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c; Trinh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c). T\u00ean th\u1ee5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thu\u1ea7n nh\u00e3, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a v\u1edbi b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao qu\u00ed b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda: l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee3i ca \u00f4ng: \\\"h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0ng Nho n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\". https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 Chu V\u0103n An v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng Trung h\u1ecdc Chu V\u0103n An. Ph\u1ed1 Chu V\u0103n An, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Van V\u00f4lenh\u00f4ven th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed1 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Chu V\u0103n An n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea ngay ven H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 (coll\u00e8ge du protectorat) do th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u01b0\u1edfi. N\u0103m 1945, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ch\u1ecdn t\u00ean nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Chu V\u0103n An \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7ng Kim Ng\u1ecdc https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Danh Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N guy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n sinh n\u0103m Canh Th\u00ecn (1700) t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 C\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4, huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Phong (c\u0169), tr\u1ea5n S\u01a1n T\u00e2y x\u01b0a (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Ba V\u00ec, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u00e2y). Th\u00e2n sinh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 ba trong \\\"t\u1ee9 h\u1ed5\\\" \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long x\u01b0a (nh\u1ea5t Qu\u1ef3nh, nh\u1ecb Nhan, tam Ho\u00e0n, t\u1ee9 Tu\u1ea5n). \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1eeba, Hi\u1ec3n cung \u0111\u1ea1i phu, \u0110\u00f4ng C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u0129, Kim t\u1eed vinh l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu, H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9... \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00f3 con l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn n\u00ean cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1eb7ng theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi cha t\u1eeb n\u0103m 15 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha r\u00e8n c\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. C\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t b\u1eaft h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n \u00edt tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t ham \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ham t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00ec tra c\u1ee9u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cha Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh nhanh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 - m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con m\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n thi \u0111ua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi con, n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb thua th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cha tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o, l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ba n\u0103m sau khi h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi cha, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 hai n\u0103m sau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed7 k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i, r\u1ed3i k\u1ef3 thi \u0110\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec7 tam gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n n\u0103m T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1731) v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00f4ng 31 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00e1i tu\u1ed5i \\\"tam th\u1eadp nhi l\u1eadp\\\" \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m quan c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u00f3, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, thanh li\u00eam, ngay th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng xu n\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3 v\u0103n l\u1eabn v\u00f5. T\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c Phi\u00ean t\u00e0o \u1edf ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Giang, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng (1740 - 1786) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m T\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p \u1edf B\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh; n\u0103m 1744 b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m l\u01b0u th\u1ee7 tr\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng H\u00f3a, sau l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1c tr\u1ea5n Cao B\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf tr\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb an tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1756, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Thi\u00eam \u0111\u00f4 ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed, v\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed3i t\u1ee5ng (ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai sau Tham t\u1ee5ng), t\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ec5 Tr\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u, ki\u00eam gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c T\u1ebf t\u1eedu Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m (Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng). N\u0103m 1765, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Doanh m\u1eddi ra gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb t\u1ee5ng, x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u00e1n t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1770, \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng kh\u1ea3i xin v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5, r\u1ed3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9, h\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o b\u1eadc Ng\u0169 l\u00e3o h\u1ea7u. Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tri\u1ec7u \u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00fac \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 84 tu\u1ed5i. Hai n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, th\u1ecd 86 tu\u1ed5i, linh c\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 an t\u00e1ng \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. Khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i t\u1ec3, t\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi mang h\u1ebft t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra gi\u00fap d\u00e2n, gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, v\u0103n v\u00f5 song to\u00e0n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng danh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \\\"Khi b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng che ch\u1edf b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ai, ch\u00faa khen l\u00e0 ngay th\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i\\\". S\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft: \\\"Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n... l\u00e0m quan thanh li\u00eam, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ra tr\u1ea5n Cao B\u1eb1ng v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, d\u1eb9p y\u00ean gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1ecf r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng lao, v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u tham d\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00ec gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 a dua...\\\" (\u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed). \\\"B\u00e1 L\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n d\u00e1m n\u00f3i\\\" (C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c). \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi b\u00e0i ph\u00fa N\u00f4m Ng\u00e3 Ba H\u1ea1c, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tinh ngh\u1ecbch. V\u1ec1 ph\u00fa c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 Giai c\u1ea3nh h\u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh, D\u1ecbch \u0111\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng xa, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0n t\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n l\u01b0... Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1ecbnh s\u1eed, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n V\u1ecbnh s\u1eed thi quy\u1ec3n, Qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m thi v\u00e0 Mao thi ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","L\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i: C\u00e1m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i h\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n. Ngu\u1ed3n: http:\/\/vnthuquan.net Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Kim V\u1ef9. Ngu\u1ed3n: VNxpress.net \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n: Th\u00e0nh Vi\u00ean VNthuquan \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y: 27 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2003 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn"]