Basic English Grammar - subject - - - - techn www.swapno.in
-- - - Vocabulary Grammar and Technology Practice to Win English Language ( Primary Concepts language. ): www.swapno.in
Letter ( ): : a, b, c … x, y, z ( letter. Alphabet ( ): Letter ) Alphabet Vowel Alphabet (a, e, i, o, u=5 ) Consonant () Word( ) meaningful letter- word. ,I- , -‘O’ and a- , man- , ‘E’ are vowels ‘O’ ‘E’ word © letter group Sentence ( word word ) ( of Words )Sentence : I eat rice. : sentence- Unit Sentence- words – word Verb Verb Sentence verb : www.swapno.in
verb – unit Grammar: grammar Sentence grammar Grammar of language. Grammar is the rules grammar : 1. Orthography- Etymology- 2. Syntax- / Punctuation- 3. prosody- Parts of Speech -- - www.swapno.in
Word Words, Sentence - Wo - functioni 1. Noun 6. preposition 2. pronoun 7. conjunction 3. Adjective 8. Interjection 4. Verb 5. Adverb Noun www.swapno.in
- Noun Object - Rahim knows Karim Subject verb object Rahim saw Karim in the bus Subject verb object preposition noun I go school - connected) www.swapno.in
- - - -o - -- eq - GIVE ME A RED PEN adj N www.swapno.in
pen? - red - Walkin - The old man is walking with a walking stick. V adj N stick stick?- - www.swapno.in
part of speech. - I walk in the morning - Verb -Walking is good for health Noun The old man is walking with a walking stick. Verb adj - - adverb ( / ) www.swapno.in
Karim is a very good boy - Adv. Adj. N - good adje - adverb. Preposition ( ) © - - © © put the book on the table. ‘on’ preposition www.swapno.in
- © - - I go to school preposition Prep N Preposition www.swapno.in
Conjunction ( ) conj ) Rhim and Karim went there. conj I know that he will come. conj Interjection ( Part of speech - - Alas! He is dead. Interjection www.swapno.in
© Preposition Conjunction Interjection Man(Noun)- I(pronoun)- Good (Adjective)- Go(Verb)- Fast(Adverb)- - word www.swapno.in
word part of speech? I drink water noun. I water - Verb. I need a water(adj - adjective. Man? He is a good man. N He manned over the boat. V Book? I read a book. N I booked two tickets. v He is a book worm adj N www.swapno.in
©- - - pa Verb + er = Noun Teach + er = teacher play + er = player sing + er = singer dance + er = dancer write + er = writer speak + er = speaker - Prefix & Suffix www.swapno.in
Prefix ( ): Prefix + Word = New Word/Changed Word. Un + necessary = Unnecessary Dis + favour =disfavour Mis + take =mistake In + correct =incorrect Suffix ( ) Prefix- - Word + Suffix = New Word/Changed word Rapid + ly =rapidly Kind + ness =kindness Examine + tion =examination Care + ful =careful www.swapno.in
- © She is a beauty, N She is a beautiful girl, adj This tree beautifies v Words 1. Noun(pronoun) 2. Ad-Word (adj. & adv.) 3. Verb 4. Connector (Prep.& conj) 5. Interjection www.swapno.in
- - Conjun Word – ** Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, and adverbs are vocabulary word. Learning vocabulary means learning verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Preposition, determiners, pronouns, and conjunction, belong to much smaller classes. These words are sometime called grammatical word. Note: There is also a small class of words called www.swapno.in
Formation of Sentence Word- - www.swapno.in
- -© - object © © www.swapno.in
-- - Subject +verb+object+Adverbial - The boys read books regularly. S V obj. adv. - - - www.swapno.in
subject verb Indirect object direct object Rahim gave Amena a pen. object www.swapno.in
Rahim gave a pen to Amena. S v D.O. I.O Subject + verb + Indirect object + direct object subject+ verb+ direct object+ preposition+ indirect object. © © Dir © www.swapno.in
Adverbials. + V + I.O + D.O + P.O + Adv. - C - Transitive Verb with object Verb www.swapno.in
Intransitive Verb Verb Without object There is a school in our villege - subject. www.swapno.in
It rains. It was night then. It is our duty to serve the country. - noun - Complement | - linkin He is a man. Linking verb complement Adjective - I made him do the work. www.swapno.in
Empty verb - We often - We have run for run. We made a journey. I took a look. He gave me a smile. I go for a ride. Some sentence patterns 1. Subject + verb + Object (Transitive verb) a) The women loved the man b) We eat rice 2. Subject + Intransitive verb (No object) a) He sleeps. b) A coach stopped. www.swapno.in
3.Subject +verb (Transitive)+Indirect object +Direct object. a) I lent her my pen. b) The old man told us a story. 4. S +Vt + D.O + prep. + Indirect / prepositional object . a) I lent my pen to her. b) I bought a watch for my friend. 5. Subject + Linking Verb + Complement rather unlucky. a) The thief was an inspector. b) The detective became 6. Subject + Verb + Adverbials. a) The cat was over his arm b) The conference is every year. 7. Subject + Verb + Object+ Complement. a) They call the inspector Sir. 8. Subject + Verb (Transitive) + object + Adverbial. a) He put the coat over his arm. 9. Subject + a) The boy Verb + Object+ Adjective. b) You pushed have made the door open. your shirt dirty. N.B. - Classification of verb www.swapno.in
Formation of sentence - - www.swapno.in
- B) Intransitive A) Principal verb, Verb www.swapno.in
Verb with object verb without object Strong Verb Weak Verb work- worked -worked go, went, gone. Verb) Auxiliary Verb Principal read, eat am, do, shall I am going He will come www.swapno.in
- sentence - - www.swapno.in
- sentence- - -- Transitive verb: I eat rice. Intransitive verb: we sleep at night. Strong verb: Write - - Weak Verb: - work worked worked. - - strong verb www.swapno.in
- Hang: - - - - - Principal verb: - - Auxiliary verb: - Tense ( ) www.swapno.in
- - 1. - 2. - 3. - I s - www.swapno.in
Past Present Future I) - - II) - - III) - Verb - © -- Verb - - www.swapno.in
(i) Definite and (ii) Indefinite Present , Past, Future tense www.swapno.in
HAVE + Past } Participle = Perfect BE + Present Participle = Continuous : Perfect Con www.swapno.in
Tens Present a) Indifinite b) d) Perfect e Past ( Continuous/ Continuous Imperfect( ( Future ) Definite ) ) ( c) Perfect ) () a) Indefinite b) Continuous d) Perfect Continuous Present form Past form 3. Future Tense = Shall/will + bare infinitive. 4.Continious = BE+Present Participle (V+ing) 5.Perfect = Have + Past Participle www.swapno.in
N.B. Indefinite Tens ) ( 1. Present Indefinite Tense: a) -We read books. -I walk in the morning. -the earth is round. subject 3rd verb - Uttpol goes to school. 2. Past indefinite tense: a) -i went there. - I walked in the morning. 3. Future indefinite tense: I shall buy a book. www.swapno.in
Shall/will + bare infinitive. (Be+ Present Participle = Continuous) 1. Present continuous tense - -we © are reading. Continuous = Be+ pr - 2. Past continuous tense - they were playing. Continuous = BE + presen - 3. Future continuous tense - - they will be playing. www.swapno.in
Continuous = BE + present participle - Perfect Tense ( (HAVE + Past Participle) 1. Present Perfect Tense - - (Past Indefinite) - I ate - www.swapno.in
- 2. Past Perfect Tense: I said that I had gone there. Subordinate clause Principal clause Past Indefinite Tense Before: I had slept before you came. After: you came after I had slept. www.swapno.in
Had + past participle = past perfect -- - 3. Future perfect tense: I shall have slept before you will come (Or you come) © - Perfect continuous ( ) www.swapno.in
1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense -We have been Reading for tow hours. - fr © 2. Past perfect continuous tense © -I www.swapno.in
© Perfect Be + present participle = Continuo 3. Future perfect continuous tense -we shall have been playing from 4 pm to 5pm Perfect. continuous = BE+ Present Pa future = shall/ will + Have www.swapno.in
LEGS-31 Tense Table Tenses Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Be+(V+ (HAVE+P Continu Present I go ing) ast ous I west Present Participle) (HAVE (past I shall go Participle +past form) I have participl I am gone e Past going BE+Pre (Past I had gone sent from) I was participl Future going I shall e) (shall/wil have gone I have l+ I shall be been bare going going infinitive) I had been going I shall have been going Present Indefinite - - www.swapno.in
5 kinds of sentence - - Assertive sentence. - - Interrogative sentence. - -Exclamatory sentence. Read the book. -Imperative sentence. ( May you live long.- Optative sentence. © - - - www.swapno.in
- 5. optative Sentence- 1. Assertive Sentence - -He eats rice. -He does not eat rice. : Subject + Verb + Extension. - 2. Interrogative Sentence - Inter - -Do you know me? -Do you not know me? www.swapno.in
- © - Past Indefinite - - auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb verb - © Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb www.swapno.in
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