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PT#1 Safety Practices & Sport Injury Management Submitted by: Diana Jane Dichoso ABM-11

COMMON SPORTS INJURIES Sports injuries occur during ~atlethic activities or physical ~exertion. The following are some ~of the most commonly accuring sports enjuries: {amrAetuasostsrcrnlai,ne,fie.cnoelCruItostdameaensnmtdtehoodbevnaetllceeyrksngs.tdsrtoer,akcnnhinoeeeredds, STRAIN {mtAeoasssprtpirnrcaaoeiignmn oimissfoailnnigsytaloromecutaerctnhaitoinnsnk.glTfeooh.rrea SPRAIN

{ { A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. A dislocation is a joint enjury that forces the end of your bones out of position. You can deslocate your ankles, knees, shoulder, hips, elbows , jaw, fingers, and toes. { A concussion is a traumatic brain enjury that affects your brain function.Concussion are usually caused by a blow to the head.

INJURY ASSESSMENT In the assessment of 1) First aid DRSABCD injuries in the sports context, there are three step-by-step mnemonic procedures that are used and overlap with each other. 2) On field STOP 3) Off field TOTAPS

DRSABCD DANGER Check for any dangers to yourself, any bystanders, and the injured person. Do not put yourself in harm's way to assist another person. Check whether the injured person is RESPONSE conscious. Communicate in a loud voice. If there is a response,proceed to STOP. If there is no response, proceed through SABCD SEND FOR If the situation calls for HELP emergency services, send/shout/summon someone for help. Dial emergency hotline and answer the operator's questions.

Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open their AIRWAY airway. Open the person's mouth. If the person's mouth is clear, tilt their head gently back and check for breathing. If the person's mouth is not clear, place the person on their side, open their mouth and clear any obstructions, then tilt the head back and check for breathing. BREATHING Check for breathing by looking for chest movements, listening, and feeling for breaths. If the person is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side, carefully ensuring that you keep their head, neck, and spine in alignment. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, CPR make sure they are flat on their back, place the heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest and your other hand on top. Press down firmly to compress 1/3 of the person's chest depth. Do this 3o times and give 2 breaths (lift the chin, pinch nostrils, blow firmly into their mouth) at 5 repetitions every 2 minutes. Do this until other medical authorities arrive or the injured person responds..

For an unconscious person who is not breathing, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), if one is available. Follow the instructions and voice prompts. If the person responds to defibrillation, turn them onto their side and tilt their head to maintain their airway. If the patient is a child, make sure the AED is suitable to use on a minor. DEFIBRILLATOR …………………DangerResponseSend Help ………………… Airyway Breathing Cpr Defibrillator

STOP STOP The injured athlete is stopped from further participating and the game is stopped only when necessary. Talk to the injured athlete. What happened? TALK How did it happen? What do they feel? Where does it hurt? Does it hurt anywhere else? Have you injured this part before? OBSERVE Observe the injured athlete and the area. Observe the injury: any swelling? any difference compared to the other side/limb? or tenderness when touched? If the player can move the injured part: does moving hurt? is the range of movement restricted? compared to normal or to the other side/limb, how does it feel?

PREVENT FURTHER INJURY You must assess the level of the injury: • Minor injury - play on but must also undergo PRICER treatment. • Less severe injury - apply the PRICER treatment on the athlet • Severe - call for an ambulance

TOTAPS Talk to the athlete in order to gather as much information about the injury as possible. It's important to gather information around the symptoms of the injury, which might include: pain or other things felt such as grating or cracking. TALK OBSERVE Observe the injured area. Compare both limbs/sides of the body to determine signs of injury (obvious abnormalities, swelling, redness, blood, etc.) If the signs exist, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. TOUCH Touch the injured area to see where the pain begins moving along the limb or injured side towards the site of injury. If an abnormality or excessive pain exists when touched, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.

ACTIVE MOVEMENT Ask the injured athlete to move the injured area to see if they have full range of motion around the injured site and that the movement is pain free. Place a hand on the injured area to feel for any grating during the movement. If excessive pain exists, assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. PASSIVE MOVEMENT You move the injured area for the injured athlete, applying force to the area such as pulling or pushing the joint as well as moving the joint through its full range of motion. If there is no pain and there's full range of motion then the next step applies. But if the injured athlete reports pain or a lack of mobility, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. SkILLS TEST Skills tests are specific to the sport and progress from basic low intensity movements to the faster, more powerful and forceful activities, from no equipment to full range of equipment. If a player fails because of pain, then first aid is applied. Most injuries by this point aren't likely to be serious ones..

INJURY TREATMENT In the treatment of sports injuries, the following are some of the common mnemonic procedures used while waiting for professional medical aid to arrive. 1. PRICER method 2. No HARM

PRICER PROTECTION Protect the athlete and the area being treated from further injury but also protect yourself. If the athlete can move, carefully move them to a safer area using a stretcher or a crutch, but if there is any doubt, do not move the injured athlete. Remove the athlete from the field and REST rest/immobilize the injured area to avoid further tissue damage and reduce any blood loss. ICE Apply ice on the injured area for I5-20 minutes to decrease swelling and pain. However, any loss of sensation and any changes in tissue coloration in areas other than the area that is being iced indicate that the application is no longer safe.

COMPRESSION Wrap the injured area with an elastic bandage or compression sleeve. Start wrapping farthest away from the injured area to the heart and make sure to cover half of the previously wrapped area. Must be firm yet comfortable. Any tingling or pain means it's too tight. ELEVATION Keep the injured area/limb elevated to allow excess fluid to be pumped back into the blood vessel system and prevent further swelling. Refer the injured athlete to a medical REFERRAL professional or physiotherapist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

NO HARM (No) Avoid applying hot packs to the injured area HEAT or going to spas and saunas since it increases blood flow to the injured area, resulting in swelling. Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages as (No) it can inhibit your ability to feel if your ALCOHOL injury is becoming more aggravated. It also increases blood flow and swelling and may be toxic to the injured area. (No) Avoid any activities that may aggravate the RE-INJURY injury and cause further damage. Avoid rubbing, massaging, Or (No) mobilizing the injured area as it MASSAGE worsens the blood flow and swelling.



Injury Prevention It is vital to incorporate primary injury prevention and make this a public health priority as this will have significant implications for reducing long-term consequences of sports- related musculoskeletal injuries.

Play safely. Treat it properly. Disclaimer Images and informatio n used in this project are not owned by the author. Full credits to the original sources.