GK Book 4_2077_final

Famous Logos Match the following logos with their names. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Microsoft Windows Apple Computers United Nations Nepal Airlines Nepal Telecom SAARC The Coat of Arms of Nepal Ncell United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) BOOK FOUR 101

FACT BOX: Abbreviations Learn the given common abbreviations and signs. PTO - Please Turn Over VIP - Very Important Person LAN - Local Area Network CD - Compact Disc DVD - Digital Versatile Disc VDC - Village Development Committee CDO - Chief District Officer LDO - Local Development Officer NAC - Nepal Airlines Corporation NEA - Nepal Electricity Authority HIV - Human Immune Virus UNO - United Nations Organization USA - United States of America WHO - World Health Organization FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization FACT BOX: Nepali poets and their titles Bala Krishna Sama - Natya Siromani Bhanubhakta Acharya - Adikabi Gopal Prasad Rimal - Adhunikkabi Laxmi Prasad Devkota - Mahakabi Lekhnath Paudyal - Kabi Shiroman Motiram Bhatta - Yuvakavi Narayan Gopal - Swar Samrat Shambhu Prasad Dhungel - Ansukabi Laxmi Prasad Devkota Narayan Gopal 102 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Story Books Complete the following story titles. 1. Gulliver's .............................................. Snow White 2. Ali Baba and the .............................................. Robinson Crusoe 3. The Little .............................................. Sinbad 4. The Pied Piper of .............................................. Island 5. ........................................... and the Seven Dwarfs Wonderland 6. Treasure .............................................. Eighty Days 7. ........................................... the Sailor Hamelin 8. The Adventures of .............................................. Red Hen 9. Alice in .............................................. Forty Thieves 10. Around the World in .............................................. Travels FACT BOX: Nepali popular novels Muna Madan - Laxmi Prasad Devkota Shiris Ko Phool - Parijat Seto Dharti - Amar Neupane Doshi Chasma - Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala Palpasa Cafe - Narayan Wagle Jiwan Kada ki Phool - Jhamak Ghimireavg Ghumne Mech Mathi Andho Manche - Bhupi Sherchan Basain - Lil Bahadur Chhetri BOOK FOUR 103

8UNIT UNIVERSE The universe is so big that there Heavenly Bodies are stars, planets and moons in it than we could ever count. Outer space holds many wonders and The solar system is made of secrets. Our solar system has one sun and the eight planets that orbit eight planets, but there are trillions of other our sun it is also made of stars and planets out there. asteroids, moons, comets and lots, lots more. The sun The sun is a giant ball of gas. has such powerful gravity it tries to pull the planets The sun has such powerful towards it. gravity that it tries to pull the planets towards it. The word 'galaxy' is derived from the Greek word galax- ies which means \"milky\", it is a reference to our own galaxy the Milky Way. Mercury is the planet closest Stars group together in massive to the Sun. clusters are called galaxies. Spacecrafts are huge and heavy machines that are made to travel in space. Spacecrafts can explore a variety of things in space. They are designed differently depending on the purpose of exploration. 104 BOOK FOUR

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person who goes into outer space. The first person to reach space was Soviet, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961, on board the spacecraft Vostok 1. He orbited Earth for 108 minutes. Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar system. It is so big that more than 1300 Earths could fit inside it. Stars at the edge of the universe can be seen from Earth- but their light takes 15 billion years to get here. Most of space is a vast The Space Shuttle is one of the most amount of nothingness innovative machines ever built. It called a vacuum. launches like a rocket, orbits like a spacecraft and lands like a plane. It takes only 8 minutes for the Space Shuttle to accelerate to a speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour. BOOK FOUR 105

PLANETS Saturn The planet Saturn is composed of Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. hydrogen, with small proportions of 1 What’s the approximate age helium and trace elements. The internal part of this planet consists of the earth? of a small core of rock and ice, 2.5 billion years surrounded by a thick layer of metallic 4.6 billion years hydrogen and a gaseous outer layer. 1.3 billion years Comets 2 Which planet has the most Unlike the other small bodies in moons? the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. Jupiter Comets are sometimes called dirty Uranus snowballs or icy mud-balls. Saturn 3 What is the force that holds you on the ground? Friction Newton Gravity 4 Which planet has the shortest year? Mercury Venus Earth 5 Which is called the blue planet Neptune Venus Earth 106 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF State whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Galileo, a famous scientist, was the first to look at the night sky through a telescope. 2. There is water on the moon. 3. Pisces constellation is named after a mouse. 4. You can see some satellites in space with the naked eye. 5. There are ancient pyramids on Mars. 6. There are volcanoes on Venus. 7. Comets are made mostly of ice. 8. The sun is about 1 million km far from the earth. 9. Every now and then galaxies crash into one another. 10. Many birds can see ultraviolet rays. 11. Mars is the ninth planet of the solar system. 12. We are held on Earth by its gravity. FACT BOX: Planets the hottest planet : Venus the largest planet : Jupiter the blue planet : Earth the dwarf planet : Pluto the red planet : Mars Do you know? Constellation A constellation is a group of stars that are connected together to form a figure or picture. There are so many constellations in the universe. BOOK FOUR 107

9UNIT OUR BODY Before a baby is born, it grows Body Facts inside its mother. You have been growing ever since the day you were born. But one day you will stop. People do not grow at the same speed. At two years old, you are about half the height of a grown-up. The first teeth you grow are When you cut called milk teeth. Milk teeth yourself, blood shed when the permanent teeth comes out. below them are ready to erupt. You have about 100,000 hairs When things go on your head. Hair is mostly wrong, your body made of a protein called keratin. is often good of healing itself. Tiny things called germs can get into your body and make you sick. 108 BOOK FOUR

Your brain is like a powerful computer that stores our memory and controls how we think and react. Your brain can remember 50,000 different smells. Snoozes can travel out of your nose as fast as some trains can go. Your thinnest skin is on your eyelids. Your thickest skin is on the soles of your feet. When you exercise, your body gives off heat. If you exercise really heard, you can give off enough heat to boil a glass of water. You will spend about 22 years of your life asleep. FACT BOX: Human Body Brain Heart Which is the most important organ of our body? Kidneys Which organ of our body works like a pump? Liver Which organ collects waster from the blood? Which organ helps in digestion of food? BOOK FOUR 109

BODY PARTS Ear The ear is the sense organ that detects Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. sound. 1 Which part of the body is It not only acts as a receiver for sound, but also plays a major role in the sense affected by encephalitis? of balance and body position. Brain The ear is part of the auditory system. Lung Kidney Tongue The tongue is a large muscle on the 2 Which part of the body is floor of the mouth that manipulates food affected by asthma? for chewing and swallowing. It is the primary organ of taste. The tongue has Liver numerous taste buds that help us get Lung taste perception. Knee 3 Which part of the body is affected by rheumatism? Kidney Joints Stomach 4 Which part of the body is affected by Jaundice? Liver Heart Muscles 5 What is malaria caused by? Bacteria Mosquitoes Dirty Water 110 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. How many types of muscles are there in our body? .......................................... 2. Which is the biggest muscle? ............................................................................ 3. Which is the longest bone of our body? ............................................................ 4. How many bones are there in our neck? ............................................................ 5. Which disease is caused due to the deficiency of Iodine? ................................. 6. Which bacteria is responsible for Tetanus? ....................................................... 7. What is the full form of HIV? ........................................................................... 8. What is the largest organ in the human body? ................................................... 9. What is the tuberculosis caused by? .................................................................. 10. Who is invented Rabies vaccine? ...................................................................... 11. What is the richest natural source of vitamin C? ............................................... 12. Rickets is due to deficiency of a vitamin. Which vitamin is this? .................... 13. What is the number of bones in the human body? .................... 14. Which one is the biggest internal organ in the human body? .................... Do you know? Eyes Eyes are organs that detect light. Goitre 6 Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in different animals. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the sGulrertoeuunsdMinagxsiamreusl ight or 6d5a0rk . Clostrodium Titani Human Immune Virus Femur BOOK FOUR 111

UNIT 10 MIXED BAG Tools Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. 1 Shovel Pipe wrench Pliers Scissors The pipe wrench is an adjustable wrench used for turning soft iron pipes Screwdriver and fittings with a rounded surface. 2 Pliers Sickle The design of the adjustable jaw allows it to rock in the frame, such that any forward pressure on the handle tends to pull the jaws tighter together. 3 Screw Spanner Pliers Shovel One-ended spanner is a one-piece wrench with a U-shaped opening 4 Scissors the grips two opposite faces of the Saw bolt or nut. This wrench is often Spanner double-ended, with different-sized opening at each end. 5 Screwdriver Saw Hammer 112 BOOK FOUR

Name the following tools. axe spanner hacksaw drill hammer screwdriver Do you know? RING SPANNER As the name implies, the ring spanner usually has a completely enclosed head, and may have six or 12 flats. A 12 flat spanner engages upon the corners of tGhelenteuut sanMdacxainmeunsg age bo6t5h0 Goitre 6 hSCeplxoaasngtnrooenrd aiunmdDsTqriutlala nrei boHltsa.Hckusmawan ImmuHnaemVmireurs Ax e SFcermewurdriver BOOK FOUR 113

Food Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. 1 Cookies Cake Modern Cone Doughnut Ice-cream Cone 2 Cookies Candy The first ice-cream cone was produced by Cake Italo Marchiony in 1896. He was granted a patent for it in December 1903. His ice-cream did not look like modern ice-cream cones. They looked like cakes. 3 Italo Marchiony's Cone Hotdog Sandwich Pizza 4 Coffee Chocolate Bar Juice Milk The first chocolate bar was made in Britain by Joseph Fry and his son. French-fry They pressed a paste made of cocoa 5 Pastry powder and sugar into a bar shape. Noodles 114 BOOK FOUR

Name the following food items. pizza sandwich momo doughnut burger french-fry chowmein pastry Do you know? Snacks A snack food is seen in Western culture as a type of food not meant to be eaten as a main meal of the day (breakfast, lunch, dinner) but one that is intended rather to assuage a person's hunger between these meals, providing a brief supply of energy for the body. BOOK FOUR 115

Quick Quiz 1 a. In which country is ‘The Statue of Liberty’ situated? ................................................. b. Who invented the fountain pen? ................................................. c. Which is the longest river in the world? ................................................. d. Which is the biggest desert in the world? ................................................. e. Who invented the telephone? ................................................. f. Who invented the steam engine? ................................................. g. Who invented the radio? ................................................. h. Who invented the aeroplane? ................................................. i. Who invented the thermometer? ................................................. j. Who painted the famous painting Mona Lisa? ................................................. k. When did Sir Edmund Hillary die? ................................................. l. Who was the last Hindu emperor? ................................................. m. Who is the writer of the biography ‘My Experiments with Truth’? ................................................. 116 BOOK FOUR

Quick Quiz 2 a. Which machine is used to measure blood pressure? ......................... b. Who invented the Braille typewriter? ......................... c. Name the first man-made satellite to go to space. ......................... d. Which organ in our body produces bile? ......................... e. Name the eighth planet in the solar system. ......................... f. Who invented the escalator? ......................... g. What are the indigenous people of Australia called? ......................... h. In which year did World War First begin? ......................... i. Which bird nest is called an eyrie? ......................... j. Which country is the largest producer of wheat in the world? ......................... k. Who was the first woman to go to space? ......................... BOOK FOUR 117

Quick Quiz 3 a. Find the only number in the world that gives a bigger number when you add it to itself than when you multiply it by itself. b. Some English months have 31 days, how many have 28 days? c. Which letter comes next in the series A, Z, B, Y, C, X, D, _? d. Which one of the following two-digit numbers becomes bigger than 27 when the digits are reversed? 11 12 14 e. What number gives the same result if you divide it by 2 or take 2 from it? f. Four friends have been saving money. Bipin has more than Angela, but nor as much as Ganesh. Jeevan has more than Ganesh. List the friend in order to show who has the least money to who has the most. g Fill in the squares below using the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 so that each equation is true. You must use each digit once. += –= ´= h Numa has sixty-three fish in her fish tank. Some of them are black and the rest are gold. If there are 2 gold fish for every black fish, how many black fish does she have? 118 BOOK FOUR

Quick Quiz 4 Answer the following questions. a. What was Mahaguru Phalgunanda famous for? ................................................................. b. Who is Mahabir Pun? ................................................................. c. Sankhadhar Sakhwa was the great teacher of the Limbus. True or false? d. Who was the first president of Nepal? ................................................................. e. Which is the first bank of Nepal? ................................................................. f. Who is the first elected Prime Minister of Nepal? ................................................................. g. Who is the current president of Nepal? ................................................................. h. Who is the current Prime Minister of Nepal? ................................................................. i. What will be the value of six-tens? ................................................................. BOOK FOUR 119

Quick Quiz 5 Answer the following questions. a. Which community performs Lakhe Dance? ............................................................ b. Which community has a tradition of 'Bel Bibah' marrying a young girl with the fruit ‘Bel’? ............................................................ c. Which cast group holds the second highest population in Nepal? ............................................................ d. Where do Christians pray? ............................................................ e. Which cast group in Nepal is famous for mountaineering? ............................................................ f. Who wrote the famous book 'Muna Madan'? ............................................................ g. Which is the largest lake in Nepal? ............................................................ h. Which book contains maps? ............................................................ i. The art of carving wood or stone is called? ............................................................ 120 BOOK FOUR