GK Book 4_2077_final

TEST YOURSELF 6 PARTS OF A FLOWER Parts of Plants A Name the parts in the boxes given. PARTS OF A TREE 16 2 3 5 41 2 5 6 3 4 7 11 22 3 3 4 4 5 65 76 BOOK FOUR 51

B Look at the parts and name the plants. mango pumpkin litchi coconut banana papaya water lily peepal pomegranate palm tree beans maple tree neem betel nut jackfruit 52 BOOK FOUR

C Look at the parts and name the plants. chestnuts cashews hazelnuts peanuts almonds pistachios walnuts coconuts betel nuts raisins dates BOOK FOUR 53

Quick Quiz 1 Choose the correct answer. a. From which plant is quinine prepared? Cinchona Poppy Crocus b. The sap of which tree is called Latex? Flax Mango Rubber c. What is the name of the tree whose wood does not float on water? Neem Boxtree Sal d. What is produced from the fibers of flax plant? Silk Wool Linen e. What are the plants that grow in deserts? Xerophytes Parasites Autotropes f. Which is the slowest growing tree? Bamboo Pine Sitka Spruce g. Which is the biggest cactus? Opuntia Saguaro Prickly pear h. What is the most expensive spice in the world? Saffron Raisins Cashew i. What is the fastest growing plant? Pine Bamboo Neem j. Which one is a flower? Puppy Poppy Maple 54 BOOK FOUR

Quick Quiz 2 55 Answer the following questions. 1. What is the seed of the oak tree called? ............................................................................................ 2. Which tree is the national symbol of Canada? ............................................................................................ 3. Which fruit is used to make wine mostly? ............................................................................................ 4. Oranges are good for preventing a cold-true or false? ............................................................................................ 5. Does ivory come from a plant or an animal? ............................................................................................ 6. Which trees are used to make cricket bats? ............................................................................................ 7. Ferns are the world’s oldest trees-true or false? ............................................................................................ 8. Which important food crop is grown in water in China? ............................................................................................ 9. Which water plants did the Egyptians make boats from? ............................................................................................ 10. What is the single leaf of a flower called? ............................................................................................ BOOK FOUR

3UNIT GAMES AND SPORTS Running Race sprint race The players in the picture are in the starting position of a sprint race. A sprint is a short running race that is run at top speed. There are generally three different sprint distances: 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m. javelin throw discus high jump hammer throw long jump Do you know? 56 BOOK FOUR Usain Bolt is a world record holder in 100 m and 200 m sprints.

triple jump hurdles and relay In a hurdles race, obstacles are placed at intervals along the track that the runners must jump over on their way the finish line. In a relay race, the teams of runners compete against each other. shot put pole vault marathon A marathon race is a long distance foot race. It is the longest race in any competition. It refers to a long distance track event of 42,195 meters. It is often run through city streets and ends in a stadium. It is also called a road race. Dennis Kimetto was the world record holder until 2018 AD. Eliud Kipchoge broke this record and became the champion. BOOK FOUR 57

Summer Olympic Games In every four years, athletes from all over the world compete in a unique event called Olympics. The Olympic Games began in 776 BC and were celebrated as a religious festival from until 393 AD. After that the games were banned and later they were revived in 1894 by a French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Thus, the modern-day Olympic Summer Games were born. moto The Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius. They are Latin words which mean ‘Faster, Higher, Stronger’. The motto was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin on the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. rings The Olympic emblem has five interlocking rings with five different colours. The top three rings are blue, black and red; and the bottom two rings are yellow and green. These five colours have been chosen because at least one of these colours is there on every country’s flag. The five rings also represent the five parts of the world (North and South America are considered one area, along with Africa, Australia, Asia and Europe). Do you know? In 1916, the Summer Olympic Games were canceled due to World War I (1914 – 1818) and they were also canceled in 1940 and 1944 due to Second World War (1939 to 1945). 58 BOOK FOUR

parade FACT BOX The opening ceremony of the Olympics is always led by Modern Summer Olympic Venues Greece, with the host nation marching at last. In the opening 1896 Athens, Greece ceremony, the participants 1900 Paris, France parade in the main stadium. 1904 St Louis, USA 1908 London, Great Britain The OLYMPIC FLAME is 1912 Stockholm, Sweden lit at the opening ceremony 1920 Antwerp, Belgium of the Olympics. 1924 Paris, France 1928 Amsterdam, Holland 1932 Los Angeles, USA 1936 Berlin, Germany 1948 London, Great Britain 1952 Helsinki, Finland 1956 Melbourne, Australia 1960 Rome, Italy 1964 Tokyo, Japan 1968 Mexico City, Mexico 1972 Munich, Germany 1976 Montreal, Canada 1980 Moscow, USSR 1984 Los Angeles, USA 1988 Seoul, South Korea 1996 Atlanta, USA 2000 Sydney, Australia 2004 Athens, Greece 2008 Beijing, China 2012 London, England 2016 Rio, Brazil 2020 Tokyo, Japan 2024 Paris BOOK FOUR 59

Amazing Games cricket Cricket is the most popular bat- and-ball game all over the world. The modern cricket game was developed in England in the 16th century. It is played between two teams with eleven players each. One team fields while the other team is the batting side. Each team takes its turn to bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team fields. The team which scores more runs is the winner. When a batsman scores 100 runs, it is called a century and is considered an achievement. football Football is one of the most popular and oldest sports in the world. This game is known as football in most countries outside of the United States. It is called soccer in the United States. It is played between two teams. Two teams of 11 players try to kick or head the ball into the opponent’s goal post. basketball Basketball is played on a rectangular court by two opposing teams of five players. Each team scores a point by shooting the ball through the basket. A basketball court is 28 metre long. The game was invented by Dr. James Naismith, a physical education teacher in 1891 as a way to keep his students in shape during the cold winters. Basketball became an Olympic event in the Summer Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. 60 BOOK FOUR

volleyball Volleyball is a ball game that began in the United States. It was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan. It is played by two teams of six players on a court divided by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team’s court. In 1964, volleyball became an Olympic sport in Tokyo, Japan. tennis Tennis is played with a racket and a rubber ball. It is an Olympic sport. When this game is played individually against a single opponent, it is called singles. When it is played between two teams of two players each, it is called doubles. Each player strikes the ball with a racket to send it into the opponent’s court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a rugby good return. Rugby is a fast game played with an oval shaped ball between two teams of eleven players each. The players run, pass or kick the ball until they score a ‘try’ by touching it down behind the opponent’s goal line. The team that scores the most points wins the game. Do you know? The FIFA World Cup Football is the biggest football tournament in the world. It is held every four years in a different country. It was first held in 1930. BOOK FOUR 61

golf Golf is a ball sport. A player of golf is called a golfer who uses a long thin metal stick called a club to hit the ball into a hole. The modern tennis ball is made of rubber with a hard covering. There are more than three hundred dimples in the tennis ball than a ball without dimples. A ball without dimples travels very far than a ball without dimples. freediving boxing Freediving is one of various aquatic activities that share Boxing is one of the most popular games. the practice of breath-hold It is also called the game of noble art underwater diving. of self-defence. It is a fighting sport in Examples include which the players throw punches at each breathhold spearfishing other, usually wearing gloves in their and freedive photography hands. Legends like Muhammad Ali, competitions. Jack Johnson, along with many boxing stars have brought worldwide fame and kiteboarding recognition to the sport. Kite surfing, also known as kiteboarding, involves using a power kite to pull a rider through the water on a small surfboard or a kiteboard. In 2006, the number of kitesurfers has been estimated at around 150,000 to 200,000. 62 BOOK FOUR

polo Polo is a team sport played between two teams. Each team has four players who ride on horseback. The players use long mallets to drive a small plastic or wooden ball into the opposing team’s goal. It is believed that Polo was played in India and Persia about 100 years ago. table tennis Table tennis is a racket sport. It is one of the most popular sports. It is also called ping pong. It is a sport which is played on a table. Two or four players hit a tennis ball back and forth using a table tennis bat. badminton Badminton is a popular game. It is played with a racket and a shuttlecock. It can be played in a badminton court or indoors. It can be played by two players or by four players, forming two teams each with two players. The badminton net divides the court into half. skimboarding Unlike surfing, skimboarding starts on the beach. The skimboarder stands within running distance from the point of entry into the water with the skimboard in hand and waits for a wave. As the desired wave approaches, the skimboarder runs towards the water. BOOK FOUR 63

TEST YOURSELF 1 C Write the correct letter and number in the boxes. AB 1 2 4 5 3 11 D F E 10 6 9 8 17 G 7 I 12 H 15 13 14 16 J K L 21 22 18 20 23 19 24 Write the correct letter in each box. G swimming surfing snorkeling windsurfing sailing canoeing rowing kayaking white water rafting scuba diving waterskiing fishing Write the correct number in each box. 15 air tank fishing rod mask rowboat swimming cap bait flippers net sailboard swimsuit canoe goggles oars sailboat towrope diving mask kayak paddles snorkel water skis fishing line life jacket raft surfboard 64 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF 2 What games and sports are these people related to? Kobe Bryant Cristiano Ronaldo Lionel Messi Aayesha Shakya Ronaldo Gyanendra Malla Football Sujal Shrestha David Beckham Golf Venus Williams MS Dhoni Cricket Tiger Woods Long Tennis Taekwondo Basketball WWE Wrestling Rafael Nadal Sania Mirja John Cena Serena Williams Roger Federer BOOK FOUR 65

TEST YOURSELF 3 Read the clues and name each sport. 1 This sport is played by two teams, each consisting of 5 players, who earn points by throwing a large ball into a hoop placed high above the ground. 2 This water sport has strokes such as freestyle, butterfly, backstroke and breaststroke. 3 In this sport, the players use different clubs to hit a small dimpled ball into a series of holes using a few strokes as possible. 4 ‘Home run’ and ‘first base’ are terms associated with this popular American sport. In this game, two opposing teams of nine players each attempt to score points by hitting a ball with a bat and running from one base to the next, until they reach the home plate. 5 Two teams of 6 players each try to ground a ball into the opposing zone, over a net, by hitting in with their hands. basketball volleyball swimming baseball golf 66 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF 4 Complete the table with the words from the boxes. One word may go with more than one game. armbands ball bat cue ear-plugs floats gloves goggles hockey stick nine balls nose-clip pitch pool pool hall pool table ring sports hall stumps table wicket sport equipment place/venue boxing cricket table-tennis hockey pool swimming Do you know? 67 The 13 South Asian Games 2019 was held in Nepal from December 1 to 10. The games were played in three different cities in Nepal: Kathmandu, Pokhara and Janakpur. Around 2700 athletes from 7 countries (Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Maldives, Bhutan and Sri Lanka) competed in this event. India stood first with 312 medals; Nepal stood second with 206 medals and Sri Lanka at third position with 251 medals. The official mascot of the 13th SAG was a pair of blackbucks. BOOK FOUR

Quick Quiz 1 Choose the correct answers. 1. What is ANFA related to? .............................................................................................. 2. What is Wimbledon Trophy related to? .............................................................................................. 3. What is Piti Usha related to? .............................................................................................. 4. Which football player is called magician of football game? .............................................................................................. 5. What is the Olympic game held for physically disabled called ? .............................................................................................. 6. What game is played on riding an elephant? .............................................................................................. 7. When was Nepal Olympic Committee formed? .............................................................................................. 8. Who was the winner of World Cup in the year 1994? .............................................................................................. 9. Name the sports which men compete for the Davis Cup. .............................................................................................. 10. Which famous sporting events began in Athens in 1896? .............................................................................................. Brazil Elephant polo Tennis 1963 AD Marathon Olympic Games Football Tennis Pele Para Olympic FACT BOX: Terms of Sports badminton service court, love, drop, deuce boxing knock. out, punch, upper-cut, kidney punch, timing chess gambit, resign, move, checkmate swimming backstroke, breaststroke, check-in, check-out, false start, freestyle table tennis block, chop, dead ball, doubles, loop, serve volleyball attack, line shot, blocking, doubling baseball bunting, hole, pitcher, put-out cricket hat-trick, run-out, LBW, stumped, striker, bouncer, googly, full toss football corner kick, defender, free kick, goalkeeper, header, one-touch pass, penalty, red card, dribble, yellow card, off-side, tie-breaker 68 BOOK FOUR

Quick Quiz 2 Answer the following questions. 1. Which player secured golden shoes in the World Cup 2002? ................................................. 2. Where were the fourteenth Asian games held in 2002? ................................................. Do you know? 3. Where were the SAF games held in 1999? ................................................. 4. Where were the first Asian Games held? ................................................. 5. What is the largest association related to football? ................................................. Gaurika Singh 6. What is William Jones Cup related to? became the face of ................................................. Nepali swimming and 7. Where is footballer Christiano Ronaldo from? Nepal’s Golden Girl. ................................................. She bagged four gold 8. When was Nepal Sports Council established? medals, two silvers ................................................. and three bronzes in 9. What is the national game of Bhutan? the 13th SAG 2019. ................................................. 10. Deuce, drop, let, love and shut are related to a game. Which game is it? ................................................. FACT BOX: FIFA World Cup Winners 1930 Uruguay 1978 Argentina 2018 France 1934 Italy 1982 Italy BOOK FOUR 1938 Italy 1986 Argentina 1950 Uruguay 1990 West Germany 1954 West Germany 1994 Brazil 1958 Brazil 1998 France 1962 Brazil 2002 Brazil 1966 England 2006 Italy 1970 Brazil 2010 Spain 1974 West Germany 2014 Germany 69

4UNIT NEPAL Know Our History Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. Nepal 1 How many wives Nepal is a country of great beauty. It is did Mandev have? home to eight of the 14 highest mountains 3 in the world. The Himalayan mountain 4 range extends across the country from 2 the eastern edge to the western edge. Mt Everest, which is the highest mountain in 2 Which is the central bank the world, is the pride of Nepal. of Nepal? These beautiful and rugged mountain Nepal Bank Limited peaks have drawn mountain trekkers and Nepal Rastra Bank climbers from all over the world. Banijya Bank Budhanilkantha 3 What is the ancient Bhadgaun Buddhanilkantha Temple lies at the called now? base of the Shivapuri Hill on the Kathmandu northern side of the Kathmandu valley. Lumbini It is just 9 km away from the main Bhaktapur city. The temple is a deity of Lord Vishnu. The word ‘Buddhanilkhantha’ 4 What is Bhaktapur famous for? literally means ‘Old Blue Throat’. Milk Curd Cheese 5 When was slavery abolished in Nepal? 1940 1920 1942 70 BOOK FOUR

2015 Nepal Earthquake Patan The April 2015 Nepal earthquake was Patan city,also known as the worst natural disaster to strike Manigal, is the third largest city Nepal ever. With a magnitude of 7.8m, of Nepali. The city is famous for the earthquake hit the country at 11:56 its large variety of art pieces that am on 25 April on Saturday. It killed are found in the sacred temples. more than 8,000 people and injured more than 20,000 people in the country. Krishna Temple is the most The earthquake also triggered a great popular temple in the city avalanche on Mount Everest killing that receives lots of Hindu more than 20 climbers. It also destroyed worshipers and tourists from the nation’s important architecture like different countries. Dharahara and Swayambhunath Stupa. Write T for true and F for false statements. 1. The ancient name of Sita was Vaidehi. 2. The palace of Bhrikuti was called Ratna Dwip. 3. Araniko was a politician. 4. Amarsingh Thapa was a great king. 5. Bhimsen Thapa committed sucide inside jail. 6. Bir hospital was made by Araniko. 7. Raj Vihar is made by Amshu Verma. 8. Bahadur Shah was one of the great kings. 9. Ranjit Malla was the last king of Patan. BOOK FOUR 71

Provinces of Nepal Match the provinces with the headquarters. Butwal Janakpur Birendranagar Godawari Hetauda Biratnagar Pokhara SuPdruorvipnascehchim Karnali Province Administrative Divisions Province 5 Gandaki Province of Nepal Province 3 Types Numbers Metropolitan 6 Province 2 Province 1 Sub-Metropolitan 11 Municipalities 276 Rural Municipalities 460 Note: Some of the headquarters are temporary. Total 753 Districts of Nepal Provinces Districts Province No. 1 Taplejung, Panchthar, Ilam, Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Dhankuta, Terhathum, Province No. 2 Ankhuwasabha, Bhojpur, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Udayapur Province No. 3 Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusa, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Bara, Parsa, Rautahat Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Dolakha, Sindhupalchok, Kavrepalanchok, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Nuwakot, Rasuwa, Dhading, Makwanpur, Chitwan Gandaki Pradesh Gorkha, Lamjung, Tanahun, Syangja, Kaski, Manang, Mustang, Myagdi, Nawalpur, Parbat, Baglung Province No. 5 Gulmi, Palpa, Rupandehi, Kapilvastu, Arghakhanchi, Pyuthan, Rolpa, Eastern Rukum, Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Parasi Karnali Pradesh Western Rukum, Salyan, Surkhet, Dailekh, Jajarkot, Dolpa, Jumla, Kalikot, Mugu, Humla Sudurpashchim Bajura, Bajhang, Achham, Doti, Kailali, Kanchanpur, Dadeldhura, Baitadi, Pradesh Darchula 72 BOOK FOUR

Folk Dances of Nepal Name the following folk dances of Nepal. Deuda Naach Kaura Naach Hanuman Naach Dhan Naach Chandi Naach Mayur Naach BOOK FOUR 73

Folk Musical Instruments Name the following folk musical instruments. Key Words Ektare Dholak Damaha Damphu Shehnai Dhyangro Madal Tabla Sarangi Jhyali 74 BOOK FOUR

Festivals of Nepal Name the following festivals of Nepal. Holi Christmas Eid Buddha Jayanti Teej Lhosar Chhat Bhai Tika Krishnashtami BOOK FOUR 75

Geography Rara Lake Rara Lake (Rara Taal) is the biggest Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. lake of Nepal. It is also the deepest fresh 1 Which is the hottest place water lake of the country. It lies in Mugu of Nepal? District in Western Nepal and falls under Mugu the Rara National Park. Biratnagar The lake is also known as Mahendra Nepalgunj Daha, and lies at an altitude above 2,900 2 What is the height of Mt. metres above sea level covering an area Everest? of 10 square kilometres. 8845 m 8848 m The Khumbu 8845 m The Khumbu or Everest region is the 3 Which district contains the most popular trekking area in Nepal. largest number of temples? It lies on the north eastern part of Kathmandu Nepal near Mt. Everest. It is a part Lalitpur of Solukhumbu District. To get near Bhaktapur Everest, you must either walk for 10 4 Which zone of Nepal has days or fly to Lukla. the least number of population? Jhapa Karnali Kathmandu 5 In which part of Nepal is the mountain region situated? Eastern Southern Northern 76 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. What is the average breadth of kingdom of Nepal? .......................................... 2. Which is the district of Nepal containing the large number of population? ..................................................... 3. How many provinces are there in Nepal? ..................................................... 4. What is the ancient Bhadgaun called now? ..................................................... 5. How many sub-metropolitan cities are there in Nepal? .................................... 6. Which place of Nepal is called Cherapunji of Nepal? ...................................... 7. What is the district headquarters of Saptari? ..................................................... 8. How many metropolitan cities are there in Nepal? .......................................... 9. Which place is known as entrance to Mt. Everest? .......................................... 10. What is the headquarters of province no 1? .......................................... Namche Bazar Seven Rajbiraj Kathmandu Biratnagar Six Pokhara Bhaktapur 193 km 11 Do you know? Seti River The Seti River is the tributary of the Karnali River. It originates from Mount Annapurna and follows the jungle and hilly areas before entering the Pokhara valley. The river system in the Pokhara valley has carved a deep narrow chasm through the middle of the town. Thus, one cannot see the river unless you go looking for it. The best place to enjoy the glimpse of the Seti River is the park that lies near the Gurkha Museum. BOOK FOUR 77

People and Places Bandipur Bandipur is a municipality in Tanahu Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. District of Nepal. It lies around 80 km to the east of Pokhara. It is famous 1 Who is known as Siromani tourist destination as it preserves old in Nepali Literature? time cultures and architecture of Newari people. Lekh Nath Poudel Bhanu Bhakta Acharya Dhankuta Laxmi Prasad Devkota Dhankuta is a hill town. It lies in the eastern part of Nepal in 2 Who is the author of book Province No 1. “Ek Phanko”? Dhankuta Bazaar is the district headquarters of Dhankuta District. Siddicharan Shrestha Ramesh Vikal Diamond Shamser Rana 3 Where was Jaya Prithivi Bahadur Singh born? Damak, Jhapa Chainpur, Bajhang Biratnagar, Morang 4 Who wrote the play “Mukunda Indira”? Balkrishna Sama Motiram Bhatta Badarinath Bhattarai 5 Who is the first president of Nepal? Ram Baram Yadav Bidya Devi Bhandari Onsari Gharti Magar 78 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. What is the deepest lake of Nepal? ................................................................... 2. Where does ‘Chchho-Rolpa’ snow lake lie? ..................................................... 3. What is ‘David Falls’ known as? ....................................................................... 4. Where does Nomobuddha Pilgrimage lie? ........................................................ 5. Where does Kailash cave lie? ............................................................................ 6. In which district is the temple of Brindabasani situated? .................................. 7. In which district is ‘Godawari’ pilgrimage situated? ........................................ 8. Where is the Seti River originated from?........................................................... 9. Which river in Nepal has the deepest gorge?............................................... Dolakha Hell’s Fall Rara Lake Syangja Kavrepalanchok Kaski Lalitpur Mt.Annapurna Gandaki Davis Falls Davis Falls is a popular waterfall of Nepal. It lies in the Pokhara valley in Kaski District. The waterfall got its name when a Swiss couple Devi went swimming but the woman drowned in a pit because of the overflow. Her father wished to name it ‘Davis Falls’ after her. Tatopani Tatopani means hot water spring. It lies 5 km south of Kodari on the border of Nepal and Tibet. The curative properties of thermal springs have been known to the Nepalese since very ancient times. Bathing in these springs is especially recommended for those suffering from rheumatism, gout and skin diseases. BOOK FOUR 79

First in Nepal Answer the following questions. First President of Nepal First Woman President of Nepal First Elected Prime Minister of Nepal First Martyr of Nepal First Prime Minister of Republic Nepal First King of Kirant Dynasty Yalamber B.P. Koirala Bidya Devi Bhandari Ram Baran Yadav Lakhan Thapa Pushpa Kamal Dahal 80 BOOK FOUR

Lakes in Nepal Answer the following questions. It is the biggest and deepest fresh It is located in Kaski District. It is the water lake in Nepal. It is surrounded second biggest lake in Nepal. It reflects by green hills on all sides. the shadow of Machhapuchhre and Annapurna mountains. It is located in Dolpa District. It looks It is an artificial lake in like the shape of the human lungs. Makawanpur District. It was built by the Kulekhani Hydro Project. It is highest lake in Nepal. It Do you know? is situated in Manang District. Kailashnath Mahadev Statue is situated in Sanga in Kavrepalanchok District. It is said to be the world's tallest Lord Shiva statue. Shey Phoksundo Lake Fewa Lake Rara Lake Indrasarowar Lake Tilicho Lake BOOK FOUR 81

Quick Quiz Choose the correct answers. 1. What is Bhaktapur famous for? Curd Cheese Pizza 2. What is Pharping famous for? Rice Mango Pear 3. What is Chitlang famous for? Carrot Radish Banana 4. Which dictrict is famous for leather? Indra Jatra Lakhe Jatra Jhapa Sunsari Dailekh 5. What is Birgunj famous for? Wheat Sugarcane Rice 6. Which place is famous for Khukuri? Bhojpur Illam Pokhara 7. What is Chainpur famous for? Nanglo Doko Karuwa 8. What is Biratnagar famous for? Bamboo Cotton Jute 9. What is Chitwan famous for? Rice Mustard Maize 10. What is Palpa famous for? Dhaka Cotton Wool FACT BOX: Introducer in Nepal Indra Jatra - Gunakam Dev Kumari Pooja - Gunakam Dev Ghode Jatra - Jaya Prakash Malla Gai Jatra - Jagat Prakash Malla Bisket Jatra - Jagat Jyoti Malla Lakhe Jatra - Gunakam Dev 82 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. In which war Prithivi Narayan Shah had a great loss? ........................................................................................................................... 2. What percentage of Asia is occupied by Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 3. What percent of land of Nepal is covered by Himalayan region? ........................................................................................................................... 4. When was Kathmandu declared as ‘Metropolitian City’? ........................................................................................................................... 5. Which two districts of Nepal are famous for tea production? ........................................................................................................................... 6. Where are the topless bamboos found in Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 7. Who is known as ‘Iron Man’ in the history of Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 8. Which country provides largest financial assistance to Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 9. In which district is Davis Falls located? ........................................................................................................................... FACT BOX: Introducer in Nepal Abolition of sati System - Chandra Shumsher Chandra Shumsher Abolition of slavery system - Bhim Shumsher Dev Shumsher Declaration of holiday on Saturdays - Shankhadhar Sakhwa Office time from 10 a.m to 5 p.m. - Nepal Sambat (Nepal Era) - BOOK FOUR 83

5UNIT AROUND THE Delhi WORLD Delhi is the capital city of India. India Delhi is the second-largest metropolis in India, after Mumbai, with a population Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. of 16.3 million (2011). 1 Where is the Taj Mahal? Delhi is the largest city in India in terms Delhi of geographical area - 1484 square Agra kilometers. Mumbai 2 What is the capital of India? Kolkatta Chennai Delhi 3 Where is Bollywood located? Mumbai Hyderabad Patna 4 Which city is known as pink city? Kanya Kumari Kanpur Jaipur Kanya Kumari is a popular tourist Rampur place in India. 5 Which is the largest city of India? Kanyakumari District, in which it Delhi is located, is a place of great natural Mumbai beauty - from the blue seas of Kolkata Kanyakumari town to the blue hills of the Western Ghats in the interior. 84 BOOK FOUR

Name these seven wonders of the world. Chichen Itza, Mexico Christ the Redeemer, Brazil Colosseum, Italy Great Wall, China Machu Picchu, Perú Petra, Jordan Taj Mahal, India Do you know? Kashmir Kashmir is a very beautiful place. It lies on the borders of India and Pakistan. Kashmir attracts many tourists each year from different parts of the world. BOOK FOUR 85

Geography Sri Lanka Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. Sri Lanka, is an island nation in South Asia. 1 In which continent does Popularly referred to as the Pearl of the Norway lie? Indian Ocean, it is home to around twenty Asia million people. Africa It is center of Buddhist religion and culture Europe from ancient times. 2 Which is the third highest mountain of the world? Mount K2 Makalu Kanchanjunga 3 Which is the highest mountain of Africa? Fiji Kilimanjaro Mt .Cook 4 What is the highest mountain Mt Cook of North America? At 3724 metres, New Zealand's Andes highest mountain, Mount Cook Mount McKinley is dazzling, yet there are 27 other Mt. K2 mountains in this alpine backbone which peak at over 3050 metres. 5 Which is the highest waterfall in the world? Angel Falls Tugela Falls Yumbilla Falls 86 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. Which is the only one landlocked country in the South East Asia? ...................................................................................... 2. Which is the Southernmost North American country? ...................................... 3. Which religion was originated in Japan? ........................................................... 4. Which European country has the three official languages-French, German and Italian? ............................................................ 5. What is the capital city of Brazil? ..................................................................... 6. What is the capital of the United States of America? ........................................ 7. Which largest country of the world lies in both Asia and Europe? ....................................................................................... 8. Which country was formed by breakdown of Pakistan? ................................... 9. What is the total population of Nepal according to census 2001?................................................................................................... Washington DC Shinto Laos Panama Switzerland 2,31,51,423 Bangladesh Brazalia Russia Do you know? Switzerland Switzerland is a landlocked country of roughly 7.5 million people. It is situated in Western Europe and has an area of 41,285 km². It is one of the most beautiful mountainous countries in the world like Nepal. Two important cities of Switzerland are Zurich and Geneva. It is one of the richest and wealthiest countries in the world. The people of Switzerland are called Swiss. People speak major five languages - French, German, Italian, Romansh and English. BOOK FOUR 87

People and Places Aboriginal People Aboriginal Australians are descendants Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. of the first known human inhabitants of 1 In which year did Hitler the Australian continent and its nearby islands. become Chancellor of Aboriginal people together make up Germany? about 2.4% of Australia's modern 1925 population. 1933 1945 Mauritius Mauritius is an island nation in the 2 Which is the only film Indian ocean about 2,000 kilometers watched by Mahatma off the coast of the African continent. Gandhi? The capital city of the Mauritius is Port Louis. The total land area of the Ramayan country is 2040 km2. Sangam Ramrajya 3 Which cast of people invented numbers? Arabians Mougals Chinese 4 What is Europe and Asia called in one word? Europe Asia Europrasia Eurasia 5 Which is the richest country in the world? Singapore Qatar United States 88 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. Which sea has no fish? ....................................................................................... 2. What is the country in the world which passes its budget two times? .............................................................................. 3. Which country in the world has average life expectancy of 77 years? .............................................................................. 4. Which is the driest place in the world? .............................................................. 5. Who is known as father of Economics? ............................................................ 6. “The earth is round not flat”. Who stated this statement? ................................. 7. When was the railway service started in India? ................................................ 8. How many landlocked countries are there in the world? .................................. 9. Which country is the largest electricity producer in the world? ....................................................................................... Dead sea France Japan Atacama Desert Adam Smith 35 USA Pythagoras 1853 AD Do you know? Alaska Alaska is the largest state of America in terms of area. Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for 7.2 million dollars by the USA. Out of the 20 highest peaks in the United States, 17 are in Alaska. This state has around 100,000 glaciers and more than 70 active volcanoes. BOOK FOUR 89

Quick Quiz Match the following countries with their capital cities. Afghanistan Paris Germany America America Kabul Sri Lanka Bhutan Australia Islamabad Pakistan Athens France Canberra Greece Tehran Iran Baghdad Iraq Colombo Germany Thimpu Qatar Berlin Malaysia London Sri Lanka Washington DC United Kingdom Doha Bhutan Kuala Lumpur France Malaysia FACT BOX Famous people and their nicknames American Gandhi - Martin Luther King Columbus of Space - Neil Armstrong William Shakespeare Nightingale of Nepal - Taradevi Bard of Avon - Geoffrey Chaucer Poet’s Poet - Edmund Spencer Margaret Thatcher The Daughter of East - Benazir Bhutto Father of English literature - Florence Nightingale Tiger of Snow - Tenzing Norgay Napoleon Bonaparte Light of the world - Jesus Iron Lady - Saint of the Gutters Bapu - Gandhiji Bala Krishna Sama Lady with the Lamp - Little Corporal - Mother Teresa - Shakespeare of Nepal - 90 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. What race of people eat meat without cooking? ........................................................................................................................... 2. When did BBC begin broadcasting in Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 3. Who is known as ‘Chacha’ a world famous personality? ........................................................................................................................... 4. What is the longest day of the year? ........................................................................................................................... 5. What is the second largest country in the world? ........................................................................................................................... 6. Who is known as the light of world? ........................................................................................................................... 7. Which is the smallest district of Nepal? ........................................................................................................................... 8. What is the biggest city of America? ........................................................................................................................... 9. What is the office building of the president of the USA called? ........................................................................................................................... 10. What is the official building of the US Military? ........................................................................................................................... FACT BOX: Famous places and their nicknames Australia - The Land of Kangaroos New York - The City that Never Sleeps Beijing - The Forbidden City Norway - The Land of Midnight Sun Burma - The Land of Golden Pagoda Paris - The City of Light Chile - The Land of Poets Rwanda - The Land of a Thousand Hills Egypt - The Gift of the Nile Scotland - The Land of Cakes Finland - The Land of Thousand Lakes Switzerland - The Land of Milk and Money Florence - The City of Lilies Thailand - The Land of White Elephants Japan - The Land of the Rising Sun BOOK FOUR 91

6UNIT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Computers Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. Dr. Herman Hollerith 1 Who is the person to use the Herman Hollerith is widely regarded punched card first? as the father of modern automatic Lady Ada computation. Dr. Herman Hollerith He chose the punched card as the basis Pascal for storing and processing information. He built the first punched card 2 What were replaced by tabulating and sorting machines. transistors? IBM 1401 Vacuum tubes IBM 1401 was the first generation Microprocessor computers. Bio chips The IBM 1401 was also commonly used as an off-line peripheral controller 3 In which year the first in many installations of both large computer was used in Nepal? ‘Scientific Computers’ and large ‘Business Computers’. 2040 BS 2030 BS 2028 BS 4 What was the model of computer used first in Nepal? IBM 1401 IBM 6620 Apple Macintosh 5 Who is one of the inventors of Facebook? Larry Page Mark Zuckerberg Steve Jobs 92 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. What do you mean by physical components of a computer? ........................................................................................................................... 2. What is the world’s first computer called? ........................................................................................................................... 3. Which part of computer is called the brain of computer? ........................................................................................................................... 4. What is the full form of ROM? ........................................................................................................................... 5. Which computers are used to launch rockets? ........................................................................................................................... 6. What are the modern computers based on? ........................................................................................................................... 7. ENIAC related with which generation of computer? ........................................................................................................................... 8. What are BASIC and C++ related to? ........................................................................................................................... 9. An instrument used for measuring humidity is hydro meter. True or false? ........................................................................................................................... 10. Who invented the steam engine in 1776? ........................................................................................................................... 11. Which vehicle is used for travelling on snow and ice and is pulled by dogs? .......................................................................................................................... Hardware ENIAC CPU Read Only Memory Circuits Computer Language Super computers Integrated James Watt Sledge Second Generation True Do you know? 93 Integrated Circuits In electronics, an integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin semiconductor material. BOOK FOUR

Common Science Hydrogen Hydrogen is the most abundant Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. of the chemical elements, 1 Which gas do plants breathe? constituting roughly 75% of the Oxygen universe’s elemental mass. Nitrogen Stars in the main sequence are Hydrogen mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. 2 Which plant has the smallest seeds? Parasite A parasite lives in a close Mustard relationship with another Orchids organism. Soyabean The parasite is dependent on its host for its life functions. For 3 How many millimeters are example, viruses are common there in 10 centimeters? parasites. 100 mm 1000 mm 10 mm 4 What do we call the stone that falls from the sky? Satellite Asteroid Nuclear 5 Chalk is a type of : Limestone Coal Marble 94 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF Answer the following questions. 1. Which seed is most common to produce oil in Nepal? ..................................... 2. Which is the biggest planet of the solar system? ............................................... 3. Which ocean separates Europe and North America? ......................................... 4. Which is the biggest island? .............................................................................. 5. How many stages are there in the life cycle of a butterfly? ............................... 6. What do you call a plant that takes its food from other plants? ........................ 7. From which plant is sunflower oil made? .......................................................... 8. What is the process of throwing out the water from a plant called? .................................................................................................... 9. Which pigment makes the leaf green? ............................................................... 10. How many colours are visible in the rainbow? ................................................. Jupiter Four Atlantic Ocean Parasite Sunflower Seven Greenland Chlorophyll Transpiration Mustard FACT BOX Pencils leads are Diamond is the hardest natural made from graphite. substance found on Earth. Coal is a fossil. Do you know? Leaf In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin. Leaves can store food and water and are modified in some plants for other purposes. BOOK FOUR 95

Inventions Analytical engine The analytical engine, an important step in Tick ( Ö ) the correct answer. the history of computers, was the design 1 Who invented the telephone? of a mechanical general-purpose computer Graham Bell by the British professor of mathematics Robert Hook Charles Babbage. Newton It was first described in 1837 but Babbage continued to work on the design until his 2 Who invented the radio? death in 1871. Kelvin Marconi Bicycle Galileo The bicycle, with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind 3 Who invented the aeroplane? the other was invented in Europe Galileo in the 19th century. The bicycle Wright Brothers has become the world’s most Robert Coach popular vehicle with about 1.4 billion in use. 4 Who invented diesel? Rudolf Toricelli Robert Do you know? The study of minerals is called mineralogy. The study of rocks are called geology 96 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF 1 Match the inventions with the investors. Tim Berners-Lee Analytical engine Macmillan Magnifying glass Roger Bacon The World Wide Web Robert Coach Stainless steel Wallace Carothers Nylon Henri Coanda Jet engine Charles Babbage Dot pen Lavis Water Man Fountain pen John J Loud Television J.L. Briod Bicycle Harry Brearley Cholera Vaccine Do you know? World Wide Web The development of World Wide Web was started in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee with his colleagues in Switzerland. Their technology was made available for common people in 1992. Since then it has been in use and has a million active users. Tim Berners-Lee 97 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF 2 Identify the machines or technology. 1. It makes electricity from the wind............................. 2. It makes electricity from sunshine............................. 3. A moving staircase that carries people .............................................. 4. It is used to make copies of written words or drawings ................................ 5. It is used to play music from a CD. ......................................... 6. A little room that carries people in multi-storey buildings ......................................... 7. It helps you to send letters vai computer ..................................................... 8. It helps you to send message via mobile phones. ................................................ 9. It helps you to take digital pictures which can be loaded into computer ........................................... 10. It helps you to light up the house when there is no electricity. .................................................... Inverter Digital Camera SMS Email Photocopier CD Player Windmill Solar Cell Escalator Elevator 98 BOOK FOUR

TEST YOURSELF 3 Write the correct medical equipment for each clue given below. 1. This instrument is used for listening to sounds produced within the body, by the heart, lungs, and the abdomen. ............................................... 2. This machine is used for measuring blood pressure. ......................................... 3. With this machine, sound waves are passed through the body, so as to study the internal of the body ............................................. 4. This machine gives out rays, which can pass through the body. These rays are used to produce images of the skeletal structure of the body ............................ 5. This medical device helps in regulating the heartbeat................................ 6. This mobile chair is used by people who find it difficult to walk due to illness, injury, or disability. ................................ 7. These are small glass or plastic pieces that are lightweight and can be used in place of spectacles. ................................... 8. This vehicle is used to carry patients to the hospital. .................................... Contact lenses A stethoscope Wheel Chair A sphygmomanometer Ambulance Pacemaker Ultrasound machine X-ray machine BOOK FOUR 99

7UNIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Famous Books Match the names of books with their authors. Names of the books Authors A Passage to India Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities George Orwell Alice in Wonderland Charles Darwin Animal Farm Jonathan Swift Oliver Twist E.M. Forster Gulliver's Travels J.K. Rowling Harry Potter Series William Shakespeare Jurassic Park Michael Crichton Origin of Species Charles Dickens Robinson Crusoe Lewis Carroll Romeo and Juliet Daniel Defoe 100 BOOK FOUR