GK Book 5_2077

Film Actors of Nepal Name the following film actors. Deepa Shree Niraula Sitaram Kattel Samragyee Shah Deepak Raj Giri Sunil Thapa Dayahang Rai Saugat Malla Priyanka Karki Neer Shah BOOK FIVE 51

Nepali Literature LAXMI PRASAD DEVKOTA Tick ( ) the correct answer. Devkota was born on the night of Gai Pooja, when Laxmi, the 1 Who is the known as ltihas Siromani? goddess of wealth is honored. Bal Krishan Sama Seeing this as an omen, Parijat Devkota’s parents named him Baburam Acharya after the goddess. It was an omen indeed, but of a different kind. 2 Who is also known as Adhi Kavi? Bhanu Bhakta Acharya In Nepal, Laxmi is seen as a Lekh Nath Poudel bitter rival of Saraswati, the Laxmi Prasad Devkota goddess of education and learning. Saraswati is displeased 3 Who is known as Mahakavi? if a person is wealthy. On the Laxmi Prasad Devkota other hand, Laxmi is not inclined Parijat to grant favors to those whose Madhav Ghimire main pursuit is learning. 4 Who translated the Ramayan in Nepali? As it turned out, the rivalry Gopal Prasad Rimal between the two goddesses was Bhanubhakta Acharya played out in Devkota’s life. He Madhav Ghimire was known as Mahakabi, the great poet, and lived and died a Some Nepali poets and their titles poor man. Bala Krishna Sama Natya Siromani 52 BOOK FIVE Bhanubhakta Acharya Adikavi Gopal Prasad Rimal Adhunikkabi Laxmi Prasad Devkota Mahakabi Lekhnath Paudyal Kabi Shiromani Motiram Bhatta Yuvakavi/Shiringarik Kabi

Test Yourself Interesting Facts Fill in the blanks: Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL) 1. Which is the oldest library of Nepal? was established along ............................................................................ with the University in 1959. It began with 2. Who is the writer of Muna Madan? a collection of 1200 ............................................................................ volumes of books. Now, the collection exceeds 3. What is the only Nepali book prescribed as 2,90,000 volumes of textbook by the University of America? books. ............................................................................ Central Library 4. Who is the writer of MASAN? ........................................................................ Did you know? 5. Who is the author of GAURI? ............................................................................. PARIJAT Bishnu Kumari Waiba, 6. Who is the writer of Tarun Tapasi? better known as Parijat, .............................................................................. is among the few women in the Nepalese literary 7. When was the Moti Award started? field. She was a woman ............................................................................. of astounding willpower and patience. Her 8. Who wrote the poem ‘Kalamvir’? paralysis had weakened ............................................................................. her so much that she had to be looked after by her Madhav Prasad Ghimire Lekh Nath Poudel sister all her life, as she Laxmi Prasad Devkota Gopal Prasad Rimal never married. The Blue Mimosa by Parijat Madan Library, Patan Madhav Prasad Ghimire 2042 BS Some Nepali poets and their titles Narayan Gopal Swar Samrat Shambhu Prasad Dhungel Ansukabi Yagyaraj Sharma Sangeet Shiromani Sidhicharan Shrestha Yugkabi Baburam Acharya Itihas Shiromani BOOK FIVE 53

National Heritages BOUDHANATH It is the focal point of Tibetan Tick ( ) the correct answer. Buddhism in Nepal and lies 8km 1 Changunarayan Temple is in: east of the Kathmandu Valley. It Bhaktapur is the largest stupa in the South Lalitpur Asia, looming 36m overhead. It Kathmandu is also known as Khasti. It was listed in the UNESCO World 2 The birthplace of Gautam Buddha is: Heritage Monument List in Kashki 1979. Kushinagar Lumbini The name ‘Boudhanath’ is composed of two different 3 Sagarmatha National Park is in: words Boudha and Nath. Jhapa Boudha means wisdom Solukhumbu and the suffix Nath Dolpa stands for Lord. Thus Boudhanath means the 4 Hanuman Dhoka was constructed by: Lord of wisdom. Pratap Malla King Birendra In this area there Dev Shamsher are more than 45 Buddhist monasteries located at the base. 5 In which district is Bulbule Taal situated? Surkhet Mugu Jumla 54 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Name the districts where they are located. Swayambhunath Muktinath Ashoka Pillar (Stambha) Fewa Lake Krishana Mandir Janaki Mandir Lalitpur Dhanusha Kapilbastu Kathmandu Mustang Kaski Did you know? SAURAHA, CHITWAN Royal Chitwan National Park is the most popular destination for tourists wanting to have a good experience of the region’s wildlife. It was declared a National Park in 1973. In 1984, UNESCO designated it as a Natural World Heritage Site. BOOK FIVE 55

Test Yourself Write their names. the highest lake of Nepal the biggest lake of Nepal the longest river of Nepal the deepest river of Nepal the biggest glacier of Nepal the longest glacier of Nepal Tilicho Lake Karnali River Khumbu Glacier Rara Lake Narayani River Langtang Glacier 56 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Write their names. the longest highway of Nepal the oldest highway of Nepal the largest district of Nepal the smallest district of Nepal by area the largest National Park of Nepal the smallest National Park of Nepal Mahendra Highway Dolpa District Tribhuvan Highway Shey Phoksundo National Park Bhaktapur District Rara National Park BOOK FIVE 57

Test Yourself Answer the following questions. 1. Which is the longest waterfall of Nepal? ............................ 2. Which is the largest artificial lake of Nepal? ............................ 3. Who is the tallest man of Nepal? ............................ 4. Where is Fewa Lake situated? ............................ 5. Which is the largest bridge of Nepal? ............................ 6. What is Birgunj famous for? ............................ 7. Which is the smallest district of Nepal by population? ............................ 8. Where is the holy river Ganga Sagar situated in Nepal? ............................ 9. Which temple is located in the middle of Fewa Lake? ............................ 10. What is Bhojpur famous for? ............................ 11. Which is the deepest lake of Nepal? ............................ 12. Which river is famous for shaaligrams? ............................ 13. What is the old name of Patan? ............................ 14. In which district is the world’s tallest Shiva statue situated? ............................ Manigal Rajan Adhikari Pokhara Janakpur Kaligandaki Phoksundo Lake Indrasarowar Lake Tal Barahi Temple Manang Kankai Khola Bridge Khukuri Pan Hyatung Falls of Terhathum Sanga, Kavrepalanchwok district Did you MT. KANCHANJUNGA know? Kanchanjunga is the third highest mountain in the world and the second highest in Nepal, located in the Taplejung district straddling the frontier between Nepal and India. Kanchanjunga means \"Five Treasures of the Snow\", as it contains five peaks, four of them over 8,450 metres high. 58 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Answer the following questions. 1. Which is the largest province of Nepal by area?............................... 2. Which Nepali actress won Best Actress award at SAARC Film Festival held in Sri Lanka, 2014? ............................................................................................. 3. Who was the first President of Nepal? ............................................................... 4. When was Nepal declared officially to become a Federal Democratic Republic? ........................................................................................................... 5. Which place in Nepal gets the first light of the sun?........................................... 6. Who was the shortest man in the world? ............................................................ 7. Who holds the record for reaching the summit of Mount Everest more times than any other person? ........................................................................................ 8. What is the number of municipalities in Nepal? .................... 9. Gulmi lies in which province? .................... 10. Jhapa lies in which province? .................... Apa Sherpa Chandra Bahadur Dangi, Dang 276 Province No 5 Ram Baran Yadav Karnali Pradesh Province No 1 May 28, 2008 (5 Jestha, 2063) Antu Danda Garima Panta for her role in the movie JHOLE Did you know? RARA LAKE Rara Lake (2980 m) lies in the remote Karnali region in the north-west of Nepal. It is centerpiece of Rara Lake National Park. Rara Lake is Nepal’s largest lake and is a clear blue mountain lake with juniper, spruce and pine trees along its shores and snow capped peaks in the distance. BOOK FIVE 59

4UNIT WORLD Asia and Europe Tick ( ) the correct answer. NORWAY Norway, officially the Kingdom 1 What is the total area of Asia? of Norway, is a country of 44,936,000 sq. km constitutional monarchy in 44,930,000 sq. km Northern Europe that occupies the 44,933,000 sq. km western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by 2 Which is the highest populated Sweden, Finland, and Russia. country in Asia? Since World War II, Norway has India experienced rapid economic growth China and is now amongst the wealthiest Pakistan countries in the world, with a fully developed welfare system. 3 What is the total area of Europe? 10,526,000 sq. km This economic progress is caused 10,566,000 sq. km in part by the development of 10,525,000 sq. km oil and gas reserves off its coast. Norway was ranked highest of all 4 Which is the biggest country of countries in human development Europe by means of area? from 2001 to 2006. Italy It was also rated the most peaceful Russia country in the world in a 2007 France survey by Global Peace Index. It is a founding member of NATO. Countries and their nicknames Fact Box Australia The Land of Kangaroos Beijing The Forbidden City Bhutan The Land of Thunderbolt Burma The Land of Golden Pagoda Chile The Land of Poets China The Red Dragon Egypt The Gift of the Nile 60 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Answer the following questions: 1. Which country is known as the ‘Factory of Europe’? ............................................................................ 2. Which country in the world is known as the ‘Country of Nile’? ............................................................................ Did you 3. How many landlocked countries are there in know? Asia? ............................................................................ MARIANA TRENCH The Mariana Trench is 4. What is the report published by the government located in the Pacific of Britain called? Ocean, just east of the ........................................................................... 14 Mariana Islands near Japan. It is the 5. What is the modern name of Holland? deepest part of the ............................................................................. earth’s oceans and the deepest location of 6. What is the first country in the world having Air the earth itself. The Treaty with Nepal? Mariana Trench is .............................................................................. 11,033 meters deep. 7. What is the name of nation which defeat Russia in war in 1905? ............................................................................. 8. What is the largest landlocked country in the Fact Box World? .......................................................................... Countries and their nicknames Finland The Land of Thousand Lakes Belgium Seven The Netherlands Japan Florence The City of Lilies Guyana The Land of Many Waters Mongolia India Blue Book Egypt Holland The Land of Tulips Israel The Holy Land Japan The Land of the Rising Sun BOOK FIVE 61

Test Yourself Tick ( ) the correct answer. 1 Who discovered America? Christopher Columbus Vasco de Gama George Bush 2 When was the First World War held? STAR CRUISE 1913-1918 The SuperStar Virgo was 1916-1918 launched in 1999 and was 1914-1918 the second new build for Star Cruises. She was constructed 3 When was the Second World War at the Meyer Werft Shipyard held? in Papenburg, Germany. 1939-1945 SuperStar Virgo is the second 1936-1945 ship of this design. She was 1956-1966 preceded by SuperStar Leo, her twin sister ship which 4 On which city did Enola Gay drop an was transferred to Norwegian atom bomb? Cruise Line as Norwegian Spirit in 2004. Nagasaki Tokyo Hiroshima Did you know? TITANIC The British luxury passenger liner Titanic sank on April 14-15, 1912, in route to New York City from Southampton, England, during its maiden voyage. The vessel sank with a loss of about 1,500 lives at a point about 400 miles south of Newfoundland. 62 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Answer the following questions: 1. When did India get independent from the British Rule? ..................................................... Interesting Facts 2. Which 16th president of the USA abolished the slavery system in the USA? Christopher Columbus ......................................................................... (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, 3. When was Saddham Hussein of Iraq killed? and explorer and one of ......................................................................... the first Europeans to explore the Americas after 4. When were the Twin Towers of World Trade the Vikings. Centre, New York destroyed by terrorist attack? ............................................................... 5. Which country did the great emperor Napoleon Bonaparte belong to? ........................................ 6. On which year did United Nations own the Nobel Prize for peace? ...................................... 7. What is the national flag of Britain called? .......................................................................... France Abraham Lincoln Akabar Sep 11, 2001 2001AD Union Jack 2007AD 15 Aug 1947 Fact Box Countries and their nicknames Mongolia The Land of the Blue Sky Scotland The Land of Cakes New York The City that Never Sleeps South Africa The Rainbow Nation Norway The Land of Midnight Sun Sri Lanka The India’s teardrop Paris The City of Light Switzerland The Land of Milk and Money Philippines The Pearl of the Orient Thailand The Land of White Elephants Rwanda The Land of a Thousand Hills Turkey The Sick Man of Europe BOOK FIVE 63

Facts and Figures Tick ( ) the correct answer. SUBMARINE A submarine is a watercraft that can 1 What is the equatorial radius of operate independently underwater, the earth? as distinct from the submersible ones that have only limited underwater 6,375 km capability. 6,376 km 6,378 km The term submarine most commonly 2 What is the approximate polar refers to large manned autonomous vessels, however historically or diametre of the earth? more casually, submarine can also 12,713 km refer to medium sized or smaller 12,918 km vessels, (midget submarines, wet 12,925 km subs), Remotely Operated Vehicles 3 What is the percentage of oxygen or robots. in air? The word submarine was originally 22 an adjective meaning \"under the 36 sea\", and so consequently other uses 21 such as ‘submarine engineering’ or 4 How thick is the earth’s mantle? ‘submarine cable’ may not actually 2,000 km refer to submarines at all. Submarine 3,000 km was shortened from the term 220 km ‘submarine boat’. Interesting Facts The diameter of the Sun is 1.4 million kilometers, and is about 150 million km away from the Earth. In contrast, the diameter of the Earth is 12735 km, about 1/100 the size of the Sun. Sun 64 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Answer the following questions: Did you 1. Which is the biggest country of the world by know? area? GREAT BRITAIN ............................................................................ The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as 2. Can you name the deepest ocean trench? the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was ............................................................................ a state in Western Europe, in existence 3. When was coca cola made first time? from 1707 to 1800. It was created by the ............................................................................ merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the 4. Who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Kingdom of England. South Africa? ........................................................................... 5. Which country is the top ranking country in the production of rubber? ............................................................................ 6. Actually whose ideas had influenced Mahatma Gandhi’s thoughts? ............................................................................ 7. Which is the smallest country in the world by area? ............................................................................ 8. Which is the largest library in the world? ............................................................................ Library of Congress (USA) Vatican City (110 acres) Russia Marina Trench Vasco de Gama 8 May, 1886 Leo Tolstoy Malaysia BOOK FIVE 65

Great People MOTHER TERESA Mother Teresa (Albanian: Agnes Tick ( ) the correct answer. Gonxha Bojaxhiu; August 26, 1 Who is the last Hindu Emperor? 1910 – September 5, 1997) was a Akabar Roman Catholic nun who founded Prithivi Raj Chauhan the Missionaries of Charity in Ashoka Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over forty years she ministered 2 Who was the person, who became to the poor, sick, orphaned commander in the earliest age? and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity’s Mussolini expansion, first throughout India Adolf Hitler and then in other countries. Nepolean Bonaparte 3 Name the president of the USA who was a sport person. George Bush Bill Clinton George Washington 4 Who is the climber of Mt. Everest for 13th times? Migma Sherpa Appa Sherpa Babu Chhiri Sherpa 5 Steve Jobs was the co-founder of: Apple Microsoft Google 66 BOOK FIVE

Interesting Facts Test Yourself Leonardo da Vinci Answer the following questions: was a scientist, mathematician, 1. Who is the writer of biography ‘My Experiments engineer, inventor, with Truth’? anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, ............................................................................ botanist, musician and writer. 2. Who is known as the father of medicine? Did you ............................................................................ know? 3. When was the first president of Pakistan Benezir CHARLIE CHAPLIN Bhutto Killed? Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, better known ............................................................................ as Charlie Chaplin, was an Academy 4. Who was the first woman president of the Award-winning English world? comedy actor. Chaplin became one of the most ........................................................................... famous actors as well as he was a notable 5. Who is the greatest dramatist and play writer of director, composer and the world? musician in the early to mid Hollywood cinema ............................................................................. era. 6. Name the great dictator of the world from the Germany who killed more than 15 lakhs Jews. .............................................................................. 7. When did Sir Edmund Hillary die, the first person who climbed Mt. Everest? ............................................................................. 11 Jan, 2008 William Shakespeare Mahatma Gandhi Hippocrates Isabel Pero 27 Dec, 2007 Adolf Hitler BOOK FIVE 67

World Superlatives Answer the following questions. .................................................. 1. the deepest lake in the world .................................................. 2. the highest waterfall in the world .................................................. 3. the largest continent in the world .................................................. 4. the largest country by area in the world .................................................. 5. the largest desert in the world .................................................. 6. the largest island in the world ................................................... 7. the largest ocean in the world ................................................... 8. the largest saltwater lake in the world .................................................. 9. the longest mountain range in the world .................................................. 10. the longest river in the world .................................................. 11. the most populous city in the world .................................................. 12. the smallest continent in the world .................................................. 13. the largest plateau in the world .................................................. 14. the largest gulf in the world .................................................. 15. the longest wall in the world Pacific Ocean Lake Baikal Asia Russia Great Wall of China Gulf of Mexico Greenland Andes Caspian Sea Tokyo Tibetan Plateau Angel Falls Nile Australia Sahara 68 BOOK FIVE

Capitals and Currencies Complete the following table. Country Currency Capital Buenos Aires Argentina Australian dollar Canberra Australia Taka Bangladesh Ngultrum Thimphu Bhutan Real Brasilia Brazil Canadian dollar Ottawa Canada China Euro Paris France Rupee Berlin Germany Iraqi Dinar India Baghdad Iraq Nepalese rupee Japan Norwegian krone Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Pakistani rupee Nepal Qatari riyal Islamabad Norway Ruble Doha Pakistan Qatar Singapore dollar Riyadh Russia Sri Lanka rupee Saudi Arabia Swiss franc Colombo Singapore Bern Sri Lanka UAE dirham Switzerland Pound sterling Abu Dhabi Thailand United Arab Emirates Washington DC United Kingdom United States of America Riyal Baht Singapore Beijing Dhaka Moscow Yen Euro Oslo Kathmandu New Delhi Bangkok Yuan Dollar London Tokyo Peso Ringgit BOOK FIVE 69

International Days Test Yourself .............................................. ............................................... Write the correct dates with the days. ............................................... 1. International Street Children’s Day ............................................... 2. World Cancer Day ............................................... 3. Valentine’s Day ............................................... 4. World Wildlife Day ............................................... 5. International Women’s Day ............................................... 6. April Fools Day ............................................... 7. World Health Day ............................................... 8. International Nurses Day ............................................... 9. World Environment Day ............................................... 10. International Yoga Day ............................................... 11. World Population Day ............................................... 12. World Tourism Day ............................................... 13. World AIDS Day 14. Human Rights Day 15. Friendship Day January 31 December 10 February 4 May 12 June 5 April 7 February 14 April 1 March 3 July 11 September 27 December 1 June 21 March 8 70 BOOK FIVE First Sunday of August

Famous Discoveries Test Yourself Who discovered the following? 1. America ............................................. 2. Australia ............................................. 3. Brazil ............................................. 4. Cape of Good Hope ............................................. 5. First person to set foot on Moon ............................................. 6. Hudson Bay ............................................. 7. Hawaiian Island ............................................. 8. First to reach the North Pole ............................................. 9. Newfoundland ............................................. 10. Planets ............................................. 11. Solar System ............................................. Captain James Cook (England) in 1770 Bartholomew dais (Portugal) in 1488 Robert Peary (USA) in 1909 Pedro Alvares Cabral (Portuguese) Nicolaus Copernicus (Poland) in 1540 Henry Hudson (England) in 1770 Nell Armstrong (USA) in 1969 Marco Polo (Italy) John Cabot (Italy) in 1497 Johannes Kepler (Germany) in 1609 Christopher Columbus (Italy) BOOK FIVE 71

Amazing Festivals Read the clues and name the festivals. a. It is observed on October 31 and people enjoy trick- or-treating, attending costume parties. It is also called witches night. b. It is also known as the Spring Festival. Chinese people enjoy with dragons, fireworks, symbolic clothing, flowers and lanterns. c. Fun, frolic, dance and lots of tomatoes - participants throw tomatoes at each other and ride down those tomato-streaked slides. d. This is Thai New Year festival that falls on some of the hottest days and people celebrate by throwing water on each other. e. This is a festival which includes a tradition of throwing of oranges between organized groups. It is the largest food fight in Italy. f. It is a cultural and religious holiday celebrated on 17th March. It is named after the most commonly recognized of the patron saints of Ireland. Battle of the Oranges Saint Patrick’s Day Songkran Water Festival Chinese New Year Halloween La Tomatina 72 BOOK FIVE

Famous Personalities Read the clues and name the following famous personalities. American woman, Swedish chemist and Roman statesman, first deaf-blind person engineer who invented and general who won to earn a bachelor of the dynamite. several battles. arts. British statesman, Known as ‘Bapu’, a An American president prime minister and a great leader of India’s who abolished slavery great speaker. freedom struggle. in the USA. Mahatma Gandhi Winston Churchill Amazing facts Abraham Lincoln Julius Caesar Alfred Nobel Hellen Keller Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prize. BOOK FIVE 73

Wonders of the Worlds Read the clues and write their names. is a statue of Jesus is the largest Christ in Rio de engineering and Janeiro, Brazil. It building projects ever. is located at the peak It has watchtowers of the Corcovado Mountain in the rising at regular intervals Tijuca Forest National Park. It was above it. The wall was used as a created by French sculptor Paul defensive barrier against invaders. Landowski. Located in Rome, the The ruins of located in Peru are one is an amphitheater of the most beautiful built by the ancient ancient sites. In Romans. It has the 1911, a Hawaiian seating capacity of archaeologist 80,000. discovered them, They are also called the 'Lost City of the Incas'. at Giza is the only Mughal Emperor Shah existing one of the Jahan built the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. in the 17th century It took over 20 years to in memory of his wife build the pyramid. Once completed, Mumtaz Mahal. It took it was the tallest human made more than 20,000 workers 1000 structure in the world for over 3,800 elephants 32 million rupees, and years. 22 years to build this beautiful monument. Machu Picchu Coliseum Christ the Redeemer The Great wall of China The Great Pyramid Taj Mahal 74 BOOK FIVE

Famous Places Read the clues and name the following famous places. 1. It is the world's largest coral reef and the world's largest biological structure. 2. This glass pyramid shaped building is located in Ottawa, North America. 3. These are the remains of an ancient temple which located at Luxor in Egypt. 4. This tomb is located at Agra in India. It is very beautiful building made from white marble. 5. It is the world's biggest hotel. It is located in Moscow in Russia. It has 3172 rooms and 6000 people can stay there. 6. It is the world's highest waterfall. It is located in Venezuela. Its height is 979 meters or 3212 feet. The Hotel Russiya The National Museum Taj Mahal Angel Waterfall Great Barrier Reef (Australia) Luxor Temp BOOK FIVE 75

5UNIT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Computers Computers are machines that do calculations and sort The Analytical Engine a information. When they were invented in the late 1940s, forerunner of the computer, was computers were so big that they filled whole rooms. built over a hundred years ago. Since then, they have been improved continuously and made smaller, and today computers with more power than the early ones are no bigger than a book. monitor HARDWARE The pieces that make up a In this PC, the computer are called hardware. main circuits The computer’s main are stored electronic circuits are stored inside a case inside a hard case. Items of attached to the hardware that are connected back of the to the outside of case are monitor. called peripherals. The mouse, keyboard and monitor are mouse peripherals. Portable computers, are called laptops and hand-held computers called palmtops. They have flat screens. These This is a keyboard. screens contain a thin layer of The function keys liquid crystal solution, which This type of computer is called a are lined up across darkens to form an image personal computer or PC. the top. when an electric current passes through it. Did you When you switch on or start up a PC, you will see lines know? of information’s flash up on your screen. This is the computer checking through its hardware and software, 76 BOOK FIVE making sure that everything is working correctly.

COMPUTER TALK SOFTWARE Computers do all their A computer will not work unless it has a set calculation using binary of instructions called a program or software, code, which only uses stored inside it. Software that controls how a two numbers: 0 and 1. computer works is called an operating system. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit Most computers use an operating system (short for binary digit). A called Microsoft Windows. sequence of all eight bits, called a byte, is used to There are all kinds of other programs available represent a small piece too, which enable you to write letters, play of information, such as games, listen to music connect to the Internet a letter of the alphabet, and do many other things. number, symbol or punctuation mark. STORING DATA Information or data that a computer needs long-term is stored in its memory on a set of disks called the hard disk. Any information that the computer is currently using, such as a computer program is moved into the random access memory (RAM). This allows the computers to work very quickly because it does not have to keep checking through the entire hard disk to find the information it needs. Information can be copied into CDs to store for later use, or to copy onto other computer. BOOK FIVE 77

Famous Discoveries Answer the following questions: 1. Who discovered Cadmium? ....................................... 2. How discovered Lithium? ...................................... 3. Who invented the phonograph? ...................................... 4. Who invented the zip? ...................................... Alexander Fleming 5. Who invented the first Refrigerator? ...................................... 6. Who invented the Thermos Flask? ...................................... 7. Who discovered Penicillin? ...................................... 8. Who invented the typewriter? ...................................... J. L. Baird 9. Who invented the television? ...................................... 10. Who invented the machine gun? ...................................... 11. Who discovered Anti-Polio Vaccine? ..................................... 12. Who discovered Chloroform? ...................................... Karl Von Linde 13. Who discovered Blood Grouping? ...................................... 14. Who discovered DDT? ...................................... 15. Who discovered Ultraviolet Rays? ...................................... 16. Who discovered Vitamins? ...................................... Thomas Edison Sir James Dewar (Britain) Young Simpson (Scotland) Johann Arfedson (Sweden) Casimir Funk (Poland) Dr. Paul Muller (Switzerland) Sir Alexander Fleming (Scotland) Karl Landsteiner (Australia) Niles Finsen (Islands) Friedrich Strohmeyer (Germany) Karl von Linde (Germany) Christopher Lantham Sholes (USA) Dr. Jonas E Salk (New York) Dr. Gatling (USA) John Logie Baird (Scotland) Whitecombe Judson (USA) Thomas Edison (America) 78 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Identify and name these scientific instruments. A surgical An instrument An instrument An instrument for instrument for for measuring for measuring measuring very cutting or dividing the weights and one’s hearing small intervals of bones. density of air of or intensity of time. other gases. sounds. A machine for An instrument An instrument duplicating for measuring for examining the writing or humidity. inside of a hollow drawings. organ of the body. Endoscope Osteotome Hygrometer Aerometer Chronoscope Audiometer Ditto machine Did you know? Elektro the Moto Man was the nickname of a robot built by an American manufacturing company called Westinghouse Electric Corporation. It was between 1937 and 1939. It was 210 cm tall, weighting 120 kg. It had no remote control. It could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words, smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move his head and arms. It responded to voice commands using a telephone handset connected to its chest. BOOK FIVE 79

Test Yourself Answer the following questions. 1. Who is known as father of computer science? ......................................... 2. How many digits are used in Binary System? ......................................... 3. What is the full form of DVD? ......................................... 4. What is the full form of ISP? ......................................... 5. Who is the chairman of Microsoft Corporation? ......................................... 6. What is the molecular formula of water? ......................................... 7. Which is the lightest chemical element? ......................................... 8. What is the SI unit of force? ......................................... 9. What is the instrument used for measuring air pressure called? ........................ 10. Who formulated the law of gravitation? ......................................... 11. What is the instrument used for measuring temperature called? .................... 12. What is the most active gas in the air? ......................................... 13. What is the heaviest natural element? ......................................... 14. Which metal is liquid in form at room temperature? ......................................... two hydrogen Newton Did you know? barometer Bill Gates Isaac Newton Mercury, also called quicksilver, hydrogen thermometer uranium is a liquid metal that consists of gallium-containing alloys with mercury Internet Service Providers very low melting points which are liquid at room temperature. Charles Babbage Disc H2O Digital Versatile 80 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Answer the following questions. a. What is the smallest particle of a chemical element? ........................................ b. Who is credited for the design of the internal combustion engine? ................... c. What is liquid or powder that helps to remove dirt? ......................................... d. Which instrument is used for finding directions? .............................................. e. What is a colourless gas that animals breathe in to live? .................................. f. Which gas protects the Earth from the Sun's harmful radiation? ...................... g. Which mirror is used as rear view mirror in vehicles? ...................................... h. What is the chemical name of Vitamin C? ................................................ i. What does the Mohs scale measure? ................................................. j. Which chemical is used to sterilize drinking water and purify swimming pools? ....................................... k. In Einstein’s equation E = mc2, the letter ‘c’ stands for the speed of what? ................................... l. Which kinds of waves are used to make and receive cell-phone calls? .................................... m. What does a light-year measure? ................................. n. The loudness of a sound is determined by what property of a sound wave? .................................... o. What is dry ice?..................................... Radio waves Compass Ascorbic acid Light Karl Benz Detergent Amplitude of a sound Atom Chlorine distance in space Hardness of a mineral Ozone Oxygen Convex mirror solid carbon dioxide BOOK FIVE 81

6UNIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Tick ( ) the correct answer. William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an 1 As you like it: English poet and playwright, William Shakespeare widely regarded as the greatest Charles Dickens writer in the English language D. H. Lawrence and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called 2 Paradise Lost: England's national poet and Anton Chekov the \"Bard of Avon\" (or simply Adolf Hitler \"The Bard\"). His surviving John Milton works consist of 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative 3 Othello: poems, and several other Anton Chekov poems. His plays have been James Joyce translated into every major William Shakespeare living language and are performed more often than 4 Man and Superman: those of any other playwright. George Bernard Shaw Dennis Potter Tom Stoppard 5 Robinson Crusoe: Daniel Dafoe J. K. Rowling George Orwell Interesting Facts Harry Potter is the title character J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. He is a wizard in the series. 82 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Interesting Facts Write true or false. Walter Elias Disney was a multiple Academy a. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 Award-winning American on Stratford -upon-Avon. film producer, director, True False screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, b. Macbeth is written by John Milton. and philanthropist. The corporation he co-founded, True False now known as The Walt Disney Company. c. Homer is known as the first poet of the world. True False d. Robert Frost of 19th century is not an American poet. True False e. Geetanjali is written by Rabindranath Did you know? Tagore. Gitanjali is a collection of True False 103 English poems, largely translated, by the Bengali f. Harry Potter series is written by poet Rabindranath Tagore. This volume became very J. K. Rowling. famous in the West, and was widely translated. True False g. W. B. Yeast is the winner of the Nobel Prize of Literature in the year 1923. True False h. ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ was written by Jonathan Swift. True False BOOK FIVE 83

Awards ALFRED NOBEL Test Yourself Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, Tick ( ) the correct answer. innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor 1 Mahendra Pragya Awards was of dynamite. In his last will, he started from: used his enormous fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. The 2032 BS synthetic element nobelium 2031 BS was named after him. 2052 BS Interesting Facts 2 Pasang Lhamu Pragya Awards was started from: The Nobel Prize was established by Alfred Nobel in 1895. It was first 2052 BS awarded in Physics, Chemistry, 2031 BS Physiology or Medicine, Literature and 2063 BS Peace in 1901. It is regarded as the most prestigious award 3 Sajha Pragya Awards was one can receive in different started from: fields. Nobel Prize 2022 BS 2056 BS 84 BOOK FIVE 2026 BS 4 Bhrikuti Pragya Awards was started from: 2052 BS 2063 BS 2039 BS 5 Who was the Nobel prize winner in literature in 2012? Mo Yan Alice Murno Patrick Modiano

Test Yourself Interesting Facts Write true or false. Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya is a library a. Parijat was the first woman to receive of books and periodicals Madan Puraskar. in the Nepali language. True False The library is a non-profit and non-governmental b. Laxmi Prasad Devkota was provided institution that is run by a trust. ‘Tribhuvan Pragya Puraskar’ after death. Did you True False know? c. The first Sajha Prize was provided to RABINDRANATH TAGORE Parijat. Rabindranath Tagore (1861- 1941) was the youngest son. True False Tagore had early success as a writer in his native d. ‘Modern Prize’ was declared on Ashwin Bengal. With his translations of some of his poems, he 10, 2012 BS. became rapidly known in the West. True False e. ‘Mahendra Pragya Prize’ was first provided to Gagan Birahi. True False f. The amount of Rastriya Population Prize is Rs.50,000. True False g. Satya Mohan Joshi was provided Madan Prize for three times. True False h. Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1913. True False BOOK FIVE 85

Mythology Tick ( ) the correct answer. HANUMAN Hanuman is a monkey god. 1 On which day the moon should not He is a noble hero and great be viewed? devotee of Lord Rama of the Ramayana. Bala Chaturdashi Ganesh Chaturthi This deity is a provider of Ekadashi courage, hope, knowledge, intellect and devotion. He is 2 Where did Buddha die? pictured as a robust monkey Kathmandu holding a mace (gada) which is Kushinagar a sign of bravery and having a Agra picture of Lord Rama tatooed on his chest which is a sign of 3 Who is the writer of four Bedas? his devotion to Lord Rama. Beda Vyas Balmiki Interesting Facts Bhanubhakta Yudhishthir, the eldest of the 4 What colour does Saraswati the Pandavs, was so righteous goddess of knowledge like? that he gained the name Dharamputra. Orange Blue Yudhishthir White 5 Whose attributes are the snake, crescent moon and the third eye on the forehead? Vishnu Brahma Shiva 86 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Interesting Facts Answer the questions: The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics 1. In Greek mythology who is worshiped as of ancient India. With more god of sky? than 74,000 verses, long prose passages, and about .................................................................. 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is one of 2. According to Greek mythology who is the longest epic poems in the the mother of all the gods? world. .................................................................. Mahabharata 3. According to the Hindu mythology what Did you is the capital of Lord Indra? know? .................................................................. KRISHNA Krishna is a deity 4. Which nectars are mixed in Five Nectars worshipped across many (Panchamrit)? traditions of Hinduism. Most commonly within Hinduism, .................................................................. Krishna is worshipped as an avatar of Vishnu, who is 5. What is the religious book of Christians? considered the Supreme God by the Vaishnava schools. .................................................................. 6. What are four Bedas? .................................................................. 7. What is the religious book of Islam? .................................................................. 8. What is the praying spot of Jains called? .................................................................. BOOK FIVE 87

Famous Books Match both the parts to complete the names of books. 1. Around the world the Goblet of Fire 2. 20,000 Leagues Island 3. The Lord the Chocolate Factory 4. Pride and Two Cities 5. Harry Potter and in Eighty Days 6. Adventures of under the Sea 7. David Prejudice 8. Charlie and of the Rings 9. Treasure Huckleberry Finn 10. The Count the Madding Crowd 11. Far From of Monte Cristo 12. A Tale of Copperfield 88 BOOK FIVE

Famous Animation Movies Look at the pictures and write the names of the following animated movies. ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... The Lion King Finding Nemo Madagascar Anastasia Monsters Inc Happy Feet Ice Age Shrek Toy Story BOOK FIVE 89

Legendary Characters Read the clues and write the names of the following legendary characters. 1 He was an English folk hero who is believed to have lived in Sherwood. He robbed the rich people travelling through the woods and then distributed the money or things among the poor. 2 This character was created by the writer Arthur Conan Doyle. He was a famous detective with more than fifty stories written about all wonderful cases that he solved. He is the detective who smoked a pipe almost became real. 3 It was a famous character of writer Edgar Rice Burroughs. He wrote about 23 books on this hero. This hero was born in the jungles of Africa and raised by the apes. He falls in love with a civilized girl named Jane Poster and follows her to America. 4 This tall man with white hair is often used as a symbol of the US government. 5 This character was created by the famous novelist Daniel Defoe. It was based in the real experience of a sailor from Scotland who live alone on an island for severals years before being rescued. Rabinson Crusoe Uncle Sam Tarzan Sherlock Holmes Robin Hood 90 BOOK FIVE

Test Yourself Match the holy books the religions to which they belong to. 1. Vedas Jainism 2. Agamas Christianity 3. Tripitakas Sikhism 4. Zend Avesta Hinduism 5. Bible Hinduism 6. Quran Buddhism 7. Guru Granth Sahib Judaism 8. Bhagavad Geeta Zoroastrianism 9. Miqra Islam Match the places of worship with the religions to which they belong to. 1. Temple Paris 2. Fire Temple Jainism 3. Gurudwara Islam 4. Deresr Christianity 5. Mosque Hinduism 6. Chruch Sikhism Did you know? Buddhism was founded by Gautam Buddha in the sixth century BC. BOOK FIVE 91

Famous Epics Name the authors of these famous epics. 1 The ancient Greek epic The Illiad is the story of Achilles, of the anger and determination, and how he slew the Trojan hero Hector. ..................................................................................... 2 The Odyssey is a Greek epic about the adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus and his long, adventure filled journey home after the fall of Troy. ..................................................................................... 3 The Aeneid is a Latin epic about the heroic journey of Avenues and his Trojan army. ..................................................................................... 4 The Ramayana is a popular Indian epic. It narrates the story of Lord Rama’s victory. ..................................................................................... 5 The Mahabharata is a great Indian epic and the longest poem ever written. It narrates the stories of the great Bharata dynasty. ..................................................................................... 6 Paradise Lost tells the story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. It has Satan, the anti-hero, as its central character. ..................................................................................... 92 BOOK FIVE

Nobel Laureates Draw lines to match the winners of the Nobel Prize in Column A with their fields in column B. AB a. Theodore Roosevelt Physics b. Rudyard Kipling peace c. Rabindranath Tagore Physics d. International Committee of the Red Cross Physics e. Albert Einstein Literature f. Niels Bohr Literature g. W B Yeats Peace h. C V Raman Literature i. Pearl S Buck Medicine j. Jean-Paul Sartre Economics k. Har Gobind Khorana Literature l. International Labour Organization Literature m. Gabriel Garcia Marquez Economics n. A L Gore Literature o. Paul Krugman Peace BOOK FIVE 93

7UNIT GAMES AND SPORTS Football Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. This game is played between two teams. Each team has 11 players. The players try to score a goal by kicking the ball in the other team’s goal with any part of the body other than the arms and the hands. The most popular football competition is the FIFA World Cup. This competition is held every four years in a different country. Billions of people watch the televised games as the national teams play from countries around the world. Penalty spot Did you Goal Penalty arc know? A team scores a When there is a point each time it penalty, all players Football is sometimes kicks the ball in the except the one also known as soccer, who will make the which is the short form of opponent’s penalty kick must Association Football. This goal. stand outside this game is different from area. American Football. 94 BOOK FIVE

Name the following football stars. .................................... .................................... .................................... FOOTBALL GROUND The length of the football field is 100 yards. The width of the field is 53 yards21. In a match, if one team breaks a rule inside the penalty box, the other team gets a penalty kick. Centre Circle circle drawn at midfield Penalty box Half line Touch Line line dividing the Lines along the playing field. field into halves. When the ball crosses this line, it is put back into play at the same place. Corner BOOK FIVE 95

Cricket Cricket is the most popular bat-and-ball game all over the world. The modern cricket game was developed in England in the 16th century. It is played between two terms with eleven players each. One team fields while the other team is the batting side. Each team takes its turn, which scores more runs is the winner. When a batsman scores 100 runs, it is called a century and is considered an achievement. Cricket is played between two competing teams on 11 players. The teams take turn at bating and bowling. The wicket is made of 3 stumps and two horizontal pieces on top of the stumps called bails. On the other end of the pitch, an umpire stands behind the wicket. The bowler bowls the ball towards the batsman. As the batsmen of one team try to score runs, the players of the team on the field, called fielders, take up various fielding positions. Some of these fielding positions are mid-on, mid-off, square leg, third man, slips, gully, etc. Square leg Fine leg Third man Third man Backward short leg A cricket match is played Wicketkeeper on an oval shaped field. The rectangular surface 1st slip in the middle is called the 2nd slip pitch that contains wicket 3rd slip at each end, placed 22 yards apart. Gully 96 BOOK FIVE

Answer the following questions. a. Which cricket team won the 2007 Cricket World Cup? ............................ b. Which Former Indian cricketer was nicknamed 'Tiger'? ............................ c. Which countries play the Ashes tournament? ............................ d. In Twenty 20 Cricket, for how many overs does each team play? .................... e. In which year did India win the ICC Cricket World Cup? ............................. Name the following cricket stars. .................................... .................................... .................................... Short mid on Deep mid wicket Long on Short mid off Mid on The rectangular surface Umpire behind each wicket, which minimizes distraction so that the batsman can follow the movement of the ball. Mid off Long off Deep extra cover Cover BOOK FIVE 97

Basketball and Volleyball Basketball, volleyball and handball are popular ball games that involve either net or basket. These are fast and short duration games. All the three are part of Olympic Games. The first basketball game was played in 1891. A basketball court is 28m long. Five players make a basketball team. Teams aim to put the ball into the opponent's basket ring that is placed high on a post. A volleyball team consists of 6 players. The game stars when a player of the serving team serves the ball. The team scores one point if the opponents fail to return the ball. If the opponents prevail and win the rally, they serve next. Handball is yet another 7 player net and ball game. It is somewhat like soccer, except that it is played with hands on a 40m long court. Players use their hands to pass and shoot for a goal. Ask me The basketball How is a score made in ring is basketball? 3.05m above A player scores a point the floor. called a dunk by jumping up and putting the ball into basketball the basket. Points can also be scored by putting the ball into the basket from different places of the court. The aim of each player is to prevent the opposing team's players from scoring a point. 98 BOOK FIVE

BASKETBALL COURT Mid-court line Base line Three point line Center circle Free throw line Basket (Hoop) Free throw line Backboard Side line Volleyball Handball BOOK FIVE 99

Olympics Pierre De Coubertin In every four years, athletes from all over the world compete in a unique event called Olympics. The Olympic games began in 776 BC. Later, they were revived by Pierre De Coubertin and Dimitrios Vikelas. The Summer Olympics are also known as the Games of the Olympiad. They have been held every fourth year, starting from 1896. The first Olympic Winter Games were conducted specifically for winter sports in 1924. Over a period of two weeks, nearly 300 events in 28 different sports are conducted as Olympic games. The last Olympic games were held in 2012 in England and the next one will be held in Brazil in 2016. Summer Olympic games include events like archery, athletics, badminton, baseball, cycling, diving, fencing, water polo, wrestling, etc, while winter Olympic games include sports like alpine skiing, bobsleigh, ski jumping, figure skating, free-style skating, luge, snowboarding, etc. Free-style skating 100 BOOK FIVE