Supporting Troubled Families.pdf new

SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES: WERNETH BY NICOLA, SAMIRAH, RUMA, JADE & SULTANA

WHO ARE TROUBLED FAMILIES? • CAUSE PROBLEMS AND SUFFER FROM PROBLEMS. • FOR EXAMPLE: • CHILDREN MISSING SCHOOL, INVOLVED IN CRIME OR UNEMPLOYED PARENTS. (UNDERSTANDING TROUBLED FAMILIES, 2018) •

Werneth Threshold for Intervention (Oldham Council, 2015)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION • WERNETH IS CLOSE TO LOCAL AMENITIES AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT • IT IS SITUATED ON THE EAST SIDE OF MANCHESTER ROAD AND HAS A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF PRIVATE RENTED PROPERTIES, A PARK AND A LIFELONG LEARNING CENTRE • 60% OF THE POPULATION ARE SATISFIED WITH LIVING IN WERNETH • WERNETH HAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER FUEL POVERTY WHICH IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH LOW INCOME • DIVERSE WARD WHERE 48.6% OF THE POPULATION ARE FROM PAKISTANI HERITAGE… • (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2018)

CONTINUE • 50% OF RESIDENTS FEEL WERNETH IS A MULTI-CULTURAL AREA WHERE EVERYONE GETS ALONG IN THE COMMUNITY • THESE FIGURES ARE HIGHER THAN OLDHAM’S AVERAGE OF 30% - FIGURES WERE TAKEN FROM A YOU AND YOUR COMMUNITY SURVEY 2013 • THE CURRENT POPULATION IS 13,347 WHICH IS AN 11.1% INCREASE SINCE 2011 (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2018)

AREAS OF INTEREST WITHIN WERNETH • POPULATION • ECONOMY AND INCOME • HOUSING • HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION • EDUCATION AND SKILLS • HEALTH • CRIME • COOPERATION AND COMMUNITY

POPULATION • 69.2% OF POPULATION IS UNDER 40 AND THE BIGGEST GAIN HAS BEEN IN THE AGE BRACKET OF 0-15 • NEARLY ONE IN TWO WARD RESIDENTS IS OF PAKISTANI HERITAGE (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2018)

ELIGIBILITY SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • ONE THIRD OF CHILDREN WITHIN TROUBLED • MORE YOUNG PEOPLE MEANS THE FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS ARE FOUND TO HAVE POPULATION IS LIKELY TO CARRY ON RISING MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND A FIFTH HAVE A LONG-STANDING ILLNESS OR • CAN LINK WITH PARENTING STYLES – DISABILITY BAUMRIND THEORY – DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (UNDERSTANDING TROUBLED FAMILIES, 2014) (BENSON AND HAITH, 2009)

ECONOMY & INCOME • 21.4% OF PEOPLE ARE ON OUT OF WORK BENEFITS WHICH IS HIGHER THAN OLDHAM AVERAGE OF 17.7% • THE FIGURE IS ALSO HIGHER THAN THOSE WHO ARE WORKING FULL TIME WHICH IS ONLY 20% • TO BE CRITICAL: NEARLY HALF (42.5%) OF 16-74 ARE IN EMPLOYMENT ALTHOUGH IT MAY NOT BE FULL TIME AND THE MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME HAS RISEN BY £175 A YEAR ALTHOUGH STILL BELOW AVERAGE (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2018)

ELIGIBILITY: SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • 21.4% OF FAMILIES HIT THE CRITERIA AS ONE OR • LINKS WITH BANDURA’S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY MORE OF THEM IS UNEMPLOYED (GRAY AND MACBLAIN, 2015) • LOW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CAN LEAD TO CRIME • OLDHAM LOCALITY PLAN – LOOKS AT INCREASING JOB • (UNDERSTANDING TROUBLED FAMILIES, 2014) OPPORTUNITIES AND TRAINING TO PREVENT LOW INCOME BEING A FACTOR FOR FAMILIES NEEDING INTERVENTION • THE NATIONAL EVALUATION AIMS TO PRIORITISE OUT OF WORK FAMILIES GOING FORWARD • AIMING TO FILL 5000 JOBS AND INCREASE THE AVERAGE WAGE LEVELS TO MATCH GREATER MANCHESTER (SUPPORTING DISADVANTAGED FAMILIES, 2015) • (OLDHAM LOCALITY PLAN, 2017)

HOUSING • SMALLEST AREA WITHIN THE OLDHAM WARDS HOWEVER HAS THE THIRD LARGEST NUMBER OF HOUSES – VERY LITTLE GREEN SPACE • 3.7% PROPERTIES ARE VACANT • ABOVE AVERAGE FUEL POVERTY LEVELS (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2018)

ELIGIBILITY: SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • BRONFENBRENNER – COMMUNITY IS PART OF THE CHRONOSYSTEM • (GRAY AND MACBLAIN, 2015) • ISSUES WITH HOUSING AND FUEL POVERTY DIRECTLY AFFECTS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOCIALISATION OF CHILDREN

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION • ONE IN TWO HOUSEHOLDS IN WERNETH CONTAIN CHILDREN (57.2%) • THIS IS THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE ACROSS THE BOROUGH • 16.5% OF HOUSEHOLDS ARE OVERCROWDED – THIS IS OVER DOUBLE THE OLDHAM AVERAGE

ELIGIBILITY: SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • OVERCROWDING IS OFTEN LINKED LOW INCOME FAMILIES – BOURDIEU – SOCIAL EQUALITY THEORY • UPPER CLASS PEOPLE BELIEVE WORKING CLASS PEOPLE HAVE THEMSELVES TO BLAME FOR FAILURE IN THEIR CHILDREN (BENSON & HAITH, 2009)

EDUCATION & SKILLS • WERNETH’S AVERAGE EARLY YEAR DEVELOPMENT IS BETTER THAN OLDHAM’S AVERAGE. WERNETH: 64.6% OLDHAM: 63.7% • SIMILARLY, YOUNG PEOPLE’S ACHIEVING A GRADE 4 OR ABOVE IN GCSES ENGLISH AND MATHS IS ALSO BETTER THAN OLDHAM’S AVERAGE. WERNETH: 60.3% OLDHAM: 59.5% • EVEN THOUGH IT IS ONLY BETTER THAN 0.5%, IT IS STILL AN ADVANTAGE. (WARD PROFILE 2018: WERNETH)

CONTINUE • HOWEVER, ONLY 15.1% OF WERNETH’S RESIDENTS • THIS RELATES TO THE BRONFENBRENNER’S OBTAIN A DEGREE. WHEREAS, OLDHAM’S AVERAGE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY, WHICH IS 18.6%. DESCRIBES HOW THE ENVIRONMENT CAN INFLUENCE THE DECISIONS AND • IN RELATION TO THIS, 36.8% OF ADULTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD. WERNETH DO NOT HAVE ANY QUALIFICATIONS. THIS IS A DOWNFALL AS IT MAY BE ONE OF THE • FROM BIRTH TO ADOLESCENCE. REASONS WHY ONLY 20% OF ADULTS FROM WERNETH WORK FULL-TIME. • (BRONFENBRENNER, 1979) • (WARD PROFILE 2018: WERNETH)

ELIGIBILITY: SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • ONE OF OLDHAM COUNCIL’S CRITERIA TO • DESPITE FAMILIES NOT BEING ABLE TO GET GAIN ACCESS TO EARLY HELP OR THE SUPPORT DUE TO THEIR EDUCATION THEY TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME IS THAT MAY BE OFFERED SUPPORT DUE TO LACK OF ATTENDANCE AT SCHOOL. UNEMPLOYMENT. THEREFORE FAMILIES IN THIS AREA MAY NOT BE RECOGNISED FOR NEEDED SUPPORT DUE TO LACK OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.

HEALTH • THE RESIDENTS OF WERNETH HAVE ONE OF • DESPITE WOMEN HAVING WORSE HEALTH THEN MEN, THE SHORTEST LIFE EXPECTANCIES IN OLDHAM. THEY STILL MANAGE TO LIVE LONGER THAN MEN AS THEIR BODY IS PRONE TO JOINT AND BONE PROBLEMS. WERNETH MALE: 72.8% OLDHAM: 77.2% THEREFORE, THEIR BODY CAN FIGHT BACK. WERNETH FEMALE: 77.3% OLDHAM: 80.9% (HANSEN, 2016) • THE RESIDENTS OF WERNETH’S LIFE • FURTHERMORE, 20.1% OF WERNETH’S POPULATION EXPECTANCY IS THE LOWEST IN OLDHAM. SUFFER FROM LONG TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS, THIS NEVERTHELESS, IN BOTH OLDHAM AND COULD RELATE TO THE FACT THAT ALCOHOL RELATED WERNETH THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT WOMEN’S HARM HAS INCREASED IN THE AREA BY 108.9% SINCE LIFE EXPECTANCY IS HIGHER THAN MEN. 2011.

CONTINUE • ACCORDING TO NHS (2019), ALCOHOL ABUSE CAN LEAD TO SEVERAL LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS AS WELL AS LONG-TERM SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS SUCH AS: TROUBLE IN THE FAMILY HOME, CANCER, STROKE, DEPRESSION, HOMELESSNESS, UNEMPLOYMENT, MEMORY LOSS, DEBT AND DOMESTIC ABUSE. • SIMILARLY, RAMCHANDANI ET AL., (2010) STATES THAT THE DRAWBACKS OF ALCOHOL ARE NOT SPOKEN ABOUT AS MUCH AS OTHER ADDICTIVE DISORDERS, EVEN THOUGH THE RISKS OF ALCOHOL COULD LEAD TO ILLNESS AND DEATH. • MOREOVER, IF A FAMILY ARE FINANCIALLY STRUGGLING OR YOUNG PERSON IS CARING FOR SOMEONE IN THEIR HOUSE, THIS CAN HAVE AN IMMEDIATE AFFECT ON THE YOUNG PERSONS EDUCATION AS THIS COULD LEAD TO POOR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. (INDIRECT, 2019)

CONTINUE • ADDITIONALLY, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE (2009) STATE THAT INDIVIDUALS WHO SUFFER FROM PHYSICAL ILLNESSES OR HAVE BEEN TOLD THEY HAVE A LIMITED TIME TO LIVE CAN SUFFER FROM DEPRESSION. RELEVANTLY, ACCORDING TO MILLIE ET AL., (2006) DEPRESSION CAN LEAD TO ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR. • RESIDENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR: WERNETH: 299 OLDHAM: 340 (WARD PROFILE 2018: WERNETH)

RELEVANCE TO SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR • CHILD NOT ATTENDING SCHOOL • DOMESTIC ABUSE • HEALTH PROBLEMS • CHILDREN IN NEED OF HELP: ALL AGES, IDENTIFIED AS IN NEED TO A CHILD PROTECTION PLAN (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2019)

CRIME • WERNETH HAS THE HIGHEST RATE OF HOUSE BURGLARY IN OLDHAM. • CRIME HAS INCREASED BY OVER 160% FROM 2016- 2017. 2016: 731.4 2017: 904.8 • EACH YEAR CRIME IS INCREASING BY 26.9% • EACH YEAR VIOLENCE WITHOUT DAMAGE INCREASES BY 39.3% • FURTHERMORE, PEOPLE MAY LOOK FOR ILLEGAL METHODS TO MAKE MONEY AS THEY MAY BE UNEMPLOYED DUE TO THEIR LACK OF QUALIFICATIONS. • UGGLA & MACE, (2015) BELIEVE THAT MEN FROM A LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ARE LIKELY TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CRIME OR POOR HEALTH THEREFORE, THIS COULD RESULT TO A LOWER LIFE EXPECTANCY. THIS ALSO LINKS TO THE HEALTH.

RELEVANCE TO SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • PARENTS OR CHILDREN INVOLVED IN CRIME • CHILDREN IN NEED OF HELP: ALL AGES, IDENTIFIED AS IN NEED TO A CHILD PROTECTION PLAN • ADULTS OUT OF WORK OR AT RISK OF FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OR YOUNG PEOPLE AT RISK OF NO JOB • DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OR ABUSE

COOPERATION & COMMUNITY • 60% OF RESIDENTS IN WERNETH ARE SATISFIED WITH THEIR AREA. • FURTHERMORE, IT IS KNOWN FOR THE RESIDENTS OF WERNETH TO STATE THAT THEY ARE FROM THEIR NEIGHBOURING AREA WHICH IS COPPICE. • THIS COULD BE SINCE THE AREA IS MAINLY FULL OF PRIVATE HOUSING AND OLD VICTORIAN PROPERTIES, WHICH MAY PRESENT THE NEIGHBOURHOOD TO LOOK OUTDATED FOR THE YOUTHS OF WERNETH. • YOUTH MAY WANT TO IMPROVE THEIR AREA AS A RESULT, THIS COULD BE THE REASON WHY TURNOUT IN LOCAL ELECTION IS 49.7% WHICH IS HIGHER THAN OLDHAM’S AVERAGE OF 36%. • FURTHERMORE, 46% VOLUNTEERED IN THE LAST YEAR. 8% HIGHER THAN OLDHAM’S AVERAGE. • SUBSEQUENTLY YOUNG PEOPLE STAY IN THE AREA AFTER GAINING A DEGREE WHICH RESULTS TO HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT. (WARD PROFILE 2018: WERNETH)

RELEVANCE TO SUPPORTING TROUBLED FAMILIES PROGRAMME • UNEMPLOYMENT (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2019)

DIFFICULTIES FOR PRACTITIONERS TRYING TO REACH FAMILIES • ASBO • DRUGS & ALCOHOL • YOUTH CRIME • PARENTS NOT WORKING • TRUANTING/EXCLUSION • MENTAL HEALTH

ASBO • WITHIN SCHOOL CURRICULUM DIFFICULTIES MAY ARISE FOR PRACTITIONERS SUCH AS: • THE CHILDREN MAY NOT ATTEND THESE PROGRAMME, THEY MAY NOT FEEL LIKE THEY BELONG OR FEEL COMFORTABLE (M. O’CONNOR & WADDELL, 2015). (BOWLBY 1969 AND SKINNER 1938) • DUE TO HIGH NUMBER OF TROUBLED FAMILIES PROFESSIONALS MAY NOT HAVE THE FUNDING TO PROVIDE FAMILIES WITH THE EXTRA SUPPORT, THEREFORE CAUSING OBSTRUCTION WHEN TRYING TO GIVE SUPPORT. (EARLY HELP: ONE-TO-ONE, WORKING AROUND A SPECIFIC AREA WITH THE FAMILY) • NO CONTRIBUTION GIVEN OR SHOWN FROM THE CHILD AS THEY ARE NOT FEELING COMFORTABLE WITHIN THE SESSIONS, THEREFORE SUPPORT WILL BECOME HARDER TO GIVE. (HOSFORD, 2018) • HOWEVER, HOW CAN SUPPORT BE GIVEN WHEN THE PROFESSIONALS HAVE NOT FACED THESE ISSUES TO UNDERSTAND WHAT SPECIFIC SUPPORT TO GIVE? • (HELM, 2019)

DRUGS & ALCOHOL • PARENTS/CARERS WHO MISUSE SUBSTANCES OFTEN HAVE A • THIS CAN RISE CONCERNS TO PRACTITIONERS ABOUT THE CONFUSED, VARIABLE LIFESTYLES AND MAY STRUGGLE TO CHILD AND IF THEY ARE POTENTIALLY AT RISK OF HARM. DELIVER THEIR CHILDREN WITH SAFE CARE AND CLEAR HOWEVER, IT MAY BE DIFFICULT FOR PRACTITIONERS TO REACH BOUNDARIES. (NSPCC, 2019) HOWEVER, MOST PARENTS WHO TO FAMILIES AS THEY MAY NOT BE INTERESTED FOR THEIR DRINK ALCOHOL OR USE DRUGS DON’T PRESENT AN CHILDREN’S LEARNING DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS WITHIN INCREASED RISK HARM TO THEIR CHILDREN THE SETTING AND WILL IGNORE AND AVOID CONTACT WITH PRACTITIONERS. (CLEAVER ET AL, 2011) • FAMILIES MAY BE AWARE OF WHY THEY ARE BEING • ALCOHOL MISUSE INCLUDES PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CONTACTED OR INVITED IN AND MAY NOT WANT TO TALK SUCH AS DEPRESSION, PHYSICAL ILLNESSES OR ALCOHOL- ABOUT THEIR SITUATIONS OR BELIEVE THEY NEED ANY HELP. RELATED ACCIDENTS. DRUGS MISUSE CAN LEAD TO PSYCHOLOGICAL OR LEGAL PROBLEMS. • WHAT MAY BE THE SITUATION, FAMILIES MAY NOT WANT TO ADMIT THEY GOT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL PROBLEMS, THIS MAY (NSPCC,2019) MAKE THEM FEEL OFFENDED AND FAILURES AS PARENTS.

PARENTING STYLE; D. BAUMRINDS (1966) 3 PARENTING STYLES • PERMISSIVE • AUTHORITARIAN • AUTHORITATIVE. • PARENTS MISUSING DRUGS AND ALCOHOL WILL AFFECT THEIR CHILDREN’S HIGH SELF-ESTEEM, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND EMOTIONAL MATURITY. CHILDREN MAY NOT MEET THEIR EXPECTATIONS AS PARENTS MAY NOT PRAISE THEIR CHILDREN. PARENTS WHO PUT TOGETHER WARMTH AND RATIONAL AND REASONABLE CONTROL ARE POSSIBLY TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE REINFORCING AGENTS. (DEVPSY, 2008)

YOUTH CRIME • THE DIFFICULTY IN THE PROFESSIONALS • EARLY HELP: ITS LEVEL 2 ON THRESHOLD FOR TRYING TO REACH THE FAMILIES IN REGARDS INTERVENTION (OLDHAM COUNCIL, 2015). SHORT TO YOUTH CRIME INCLUDES: INTERVENTIONS, MINIMAL PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED- REDUCES DEPENDENCE ON • THE FAMILY SHOWING DEFENSIVE/ PROFESSIONALS. (OLDHAM.GOV.UK) COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOUR THEREFORE WHEN GIVING SUPPORT STARTS TO BECOME • HAVING LESS PROFESSIONAL’S TO SUPPORT TOO DIFFICULT AS THE FAMILY SHOW NO SIGNS MANY TROUBLED FAMILIES, AS SEEN IN THE AGENDA OF INVOLVEMENT OR PROGRESSION. THE ENTITLEMENT FOR TROUBLED FAMILIES HAS SHOWN A MASSIVE DROP IN REGARDS TO ELIGIBILITY THEREFORE SHOWING MORE FAMILY ARE NOW IN NEED OF SUPPORT.

CONTINUE • * WITHIN YOUTH CRIMES SUPPORT MAY BE BASED AROUND THE CHILD DESPITE THE REASONS FOR THE SUPPORT IN THE FIRST PLACE WHICH ARE MAJORLY SINCE THE FAMILY MAY HAVE IMPACTED THE CHILD TO FALL INTO YOUTH CRIMES (ROSS, DUCKWORTH, J. SMITH, WYNESS & SCHOON, 2010). THEREFORE, A CHILD-CENTRED BASED SUPPORT SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN WHEN LOOKING AT TROUBLED FAMILIES RATHER THE OVERALL FOCUS SHOULD BE ON MEETING THE FAMILY’S NEEDS AS THIS WILL ALSO PREVENT YOUTH CRIME ISSUE (CHRISTINE, 2013)

BRONFERNBRENNER ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY • BRONFEN BRENNER (1917-2005): CHILD’S SURROUNDINGS AFFECTS HOW A CHILD GROWS AND DEVELOPS, IF THEY ARE NOT GETTING ATTENTION FROM ONE AREA (MICROSYSTEM), THEY MAY BE FORCED TO SEEK IT ELSEWHERE, INFLUENCED BY THE AREA THEY ARE MOST EXPOSED TO. • (MICROSYSTEM, MESOSYSTEM, EXOSYSTEM, MACROSYSTEM

PARENTS NOT WORKING • PARENTS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN MODELLING OUT THE ADULT LIVES OF THEIR CHILDREN. THEY INVEST THEIR TIME AND MONEY IN ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT THEIR CHILDREN’S WELL-BEING. IN PARTICULAR, BOTH PARENTS’ EMPLOYMENT AFFECTS BOTH THE INCOME COMING INTO THE FAMILY AND THE TIME DEDICATED TO THEIR CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT. (JRF, 2001) • PARENTS WHO ARE UNEMPLOYED LACK THE RESOURCES TO FUND THE HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN. PARENTS ON LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT CAN CHANGE THE DYNAMIC OF THE HOME AND AFFECT THE CHILDREN’S ATTITUDES AND ASPIRATIONS, WHICH SHAPES THEIR FUTURE ACHIEVEMENT. (FIRST FOCUS, 2013) • PRACTITIONERS MAY FIND IT DIFFICULT TO REACH TO FAMILIES AS THE PARENTS MAY BE LOOKING FOR JOBS OR WAITING TO HEAR BACK. FAMILIES MAY BE IN POVERTY AND FINDING IT DIFFICULT TO TRAVEL TO MEET WITH THE PRACTITIONERS AS IT MAY BE COSTLIER TO TRAVEL AND TO TRAVEL BACK.

ATTACHMENT LEARNING THEORY; • AINSWORTH, 1973; BOWLBY, 1969 STATES THAT ‘ATTACHMENT IS A DEEP AND ENDURING EMOTIONAL BOND THAT CONNECTS ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER ACROSS TIME AND SPACE’. (SIMPLE PSYCHOLOGY, 2005) IT MAY BE THAT THE LONGER THE PARENTS STAYS UNEMPLOYED, AN INDIVIDUAL MAY GET ATTACHED TO THE PARENTS AS THEY MAY BE BONDING MORE AT HOME AND MAY STRUGGLE TO SEPARATE. THE CHILD MAY DEPEND ON THE PARENTS WHICH CAN AFFECT THEIR EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AS THEY MAY BE ATTACHED TO THEIR PARENTS.

TRUANTING & EXCLUSION • DIFFICULTIES IN PRACTITIONERS TRYING TO REACH • IN RELATION TO AVAILABILITY, FAMILY AND FAMILIES IN RELATION TO TRUANCY/ EXCLUSION: PROFESSIONALS MAY HAVE DIFFERENT AVAILABILITY THEREFORE MAKING IT DIFFICULT • IF TOO MANY PROFESSIONALS ARE INVOLVED IT TO MEET AND SET PLANS TO SUPPORT THE COULD MAKE IT OVERWHELMING FOR THE FAMILY AND FAMILIES. CHILD THEREFORE THEY MAY TRY AND STAY OUT OF SCHOOL JUST BECAUSE OF BEING UNCOMFORTABLE • WHAT IF IT’S A MEDICAL ISSUE, WHICH IS WITH THE PROFESSIONAL’S (COOK, DODGE, GIFFORD BEING TREATED AS A CRIME? THEY MAY HAVE & SCHULTING, 2017). LEARNING DIFFICULTIES WHICH MAKES THEM FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE TO BE IN A LEARNING • PRACTITIONERS CAN’T ACCESS AND REACH THE C&YP IF ENVIRONMENT (ANDALO & GOULD, 2008). THEY AREN’T IN SCHOOL AS THE SUPPORT, GUIDANCE AND LEARNING WITHIN SCHOOL HOURS WILL BE MISSED OUT.

METHOD • AUTHORITARIAN- PARENTING STYLE: • UNRESPONSIVE CAN LEAD TO POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (BAUMRIND 1967). • I-HOP CAN BE USED BY PROFESSIONALS WHEN FACING DIFFICULTIES DURING WORKING WITH FAMILIES, THIS HUB ALLOWS SUPPORT IN ORDER TO DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL’S KNOWLEDGE WITHIN ANY AREAS OF SUPPORT.

MENTAL HEALTH • PRACTITIONERS MAY FIND IT DIFFICULT TO • CONCERNS THAT MAY RISE IS IF THE CHILD’S SOCIAL, REACH OUT TO PARENTS WITH MENTAL EMOTIONAL AND LEARNING DEVELOPMENT IS BEING HEALTH. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT CHILDREN ARE AFFECTED AND IF THERE IS ANY UNUSUAL BEHAVIOUR WELL EXPLAINED OF WHAT IS HAPPENING FROM THE CHILD. PARENTS MAY BE INVITED OR AND FOR THEIR CHILDREN TO KNOW AND SEE CONTACTED BY PRACTITIONERS IS IF PARENTS ARE SENSE OF THEIR PARENT’S BEHAVIOUR. MISUSING DRUGS AND ALCOHOLS COMBINED WITH CHILDREN MAY FEEL ISOLATED AND THEIR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM. PARENTS MAY NOT BE UNSUPPORTED WHEN THEIR PARENT IS IN THE RIGHT STATE OF MIND, THEY MAY FEEL LIKE THEY UNWELL. ARE FAILURE AS PARENT TO THEIR CHILDREN AND WILL AVOID ANY SORT OF CONTACT FROM PRACTITIONERS. (MENTAL HEALTH, 2019) IT MAY ALSO BE THAT PARENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS NOT LIKE THE JUDGEMENT AND IS FEELING OFFENDED BECAUSE THEY HAVE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM.

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY • BANDURA (1977) STATES THAT ‘CHILDREN OBSERVE THE PEOPLE AROUND THEM BEHAVING IN VARIOUS WAYS’. (SIMPLE PSYCHOLOGY, 2016) IF CHILDREN ARE NOT AWARE OF THEIR PARENT’S BEHAVIOUR THEY MAY SEE IT AS A NORMAL THING AND MAY BE A NORM. CHILDREN WILL LEARN FROM THEIR ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH THE PROCESS OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING. INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE OBSERVED ARE CALLED MODELS WHICH WILL BE THE PARENT THE CHILD HAS BONDED WITH. • FIRST, THE CHILD IS MORE LIKELY TO COPY THOSE PEOPLE THEY OBSERVE AS SIMILAR TO ITSELF. SECONDLY, THE PEOPLE AROUND THE CHILD WILL RESPOND TO THE BEHAVIOUR THE CHILD COPIES WITH EITHER REINFORCEMENT OR PUNISHMENT. THIRDLY, THE CHILD WILL ALSO CONSIDER OF WHAT HAPPENS TO OTHER PEOPLE WHEN DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO COPY SOMEONE’S ACTIONS. (SIMPLE PSYCHOLOGY, 2016)

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