Гизатов, Б. - Казахский государственный оркестр народных инструментов имени Курмангазы

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JIIOAH OPKECTPA B TBopqecKOM KOJiJieKTHBe opKecrpa BHAiiyro pcuib Hrpaior npeACTaBHTejTH CTapmero noKOJieHHH — MacTepa h 3H3tokh HapoA- HOA HHCTpyMeHTajlbHOfi KyjIbTypbl. MoHCHO C ropAOCTbK) Ha3BaTb TajiaHTJIHBUX HapOAHbIX My- 3blKaHTOB, HapOAHblX apTHCTOB peCTiy&IHKH — JI. MyXHTOBa, K. PKamvieyoBa, T. Eas3HTOBy, 3acjiyweHHoro Aearana HcxyccTB JK. KaJiaM6aeBa, 3acjiyweHHbix apiHCTOB pecnyfwiHKH T. Kohibh- 6aeisa, 4>. BaJiraeBy, A. HcMaHJiosa, KyGaAwaHOBa, wn3Hb koto- pux Ha npoTAweHHH narHaAuaTH — ABaAUaTH aeT CBB3aHa c opr KeCTpOM HapOAHblX HHCTpyMCHTOB HM6HH K^pMaHTa3bI. Hejib3H TaKwe He ynoMHHyTb paHee paGoTaBiunx b opuecrpe 3acJiya<eHHbix apTHCTOB pecnyC-riHKH, aom6phctob y. KaOHrowB- na h T. AxMeroBa, a TaKwe cTapefimero AOM6pncTa Hayuiy By- KeAxaHOBa, Cbi6bi3rbnun H. BajineBa. CTapmee noxoJieHHe HcnojiHHTejieft opnecTpa — 3to bhcoko- TaaaiiTAHBbie aioah, BbixoAUU H3 rymH HapOAHbix Macc, HaKonHB- LUHe GoJIbllloft XyAOHteCTBeHHblH H 3KH3Hei[HbIM OnhIT. OaHHM H3 CTapefluiHx AOMCpncTOB opKecTpa aanaeTca JlyicnaH MyxHTOB— BHyK BHAaioiueroca HapoAnoro neBiia h KOMno3HTopa Myxirra Me- pa.iHeBa (1841— 1918). JlyanaH MyxHTOB poahjich b 1894 may b A*aM 6efiTHHCKOM paftoHe, 3anaAHo-Ka3axcTancKoft oGjiac™, b ceMbe canowHHKa. Oreu CyAyniero My3biKaHTa Hrpaji Ha AOMGpe, cxpanKe, hto no- Morjio JlyicnaHy c AeTCTBa pamuTb b ceGe My3biKajibiibie cnocofi- hocth h OBJiaAeTb nrpofl Ha AOMOpe. JlynnaH paHO ahuihjich oina h 6bui ota3h Ha BocnHTaHHe cBoeMy AeAy MyxHry MepaJiHeBy, KOTopuA He TcwibKo cJiaraji aaMeaaT&abHbie necHH, SucTpo pacnpo-

.crpaHHBiuHccH cpe«H napoAa, ho ji Ohui TajiaiiTjiHBUM AOM(jpnc- tom. Kbk CTapniHe BHyKH KOMnoaHTopa, TaK h MJiaAuiHft — Jlyn- naii oCy'iaJiHCb y Hero Hrpe Ha AOMOpe h neHHio. MyxHT 'iacro co6npa/i hx h pa3yHHBaji c bbmh cboh HOBfaie necHH, BocnHTbiBaA B A6TBX AIoCoBb K My3bIK6. BoAbiiioe 3HaieHHe HMeJio to, hto MyxHT npuBHBa.n actum HaobiKH ancaM&aeBoro HcnoaneHun, hto BnocjieACTBHH noMorjio JlyKnany b ero paCoTe b opKecrpe hmchh KypMaHra3bi. TopHniM nponaraHAHCTOM neceii MyxHTa 6mji ero CTapuiHH bhjtc Ulafixbi, KOTophifl CT3JJ yHHTejieM Jlyxnana h TiepeAa.’i eMy MHoro uciiribix KJoes, b tom hhc-ic «Kbi3biA-KafluH» KypMaHra3bi, liapoAiiuc kioh « A 6uji», «HapaTy» h Apynie. B 1916 roAy uapcxoe npaBHTeAbCTBO npoBejio Mo6n.'Jii3amiio uaaaxoB Ha TbiAOB&re paCoTw. B nucjie Mo6wjiH3aBmubix Ha pfaiTbe OKOnOB 6bIJI H ABaAUaTHAByXAeTHHfl KIOftlUH— AOMCpHCT JlyxnaH MyXHTOB. /IyanaH MyxHTOB BepHyAca oOparHo b poAiioft Ka3axcTaH TOAbKO nocne (peBpaabCKoii peBo.nomiH 1917 roAa. Baecmmee HcnoAHHteAbcKoe AapoBaime Jly m a a a MyxHTOBa pa3Bepnyaocb h aocthnio HaHBbicuiero pacuaera b coBerciaie ro- 109

flu. B. 1929 rosy, BcrynHB b 'uieHfei KOAxoaa, ohi paGoraA Cpara- flHpoM, 6biJi qjieHOM c&ubCKorQ coBeTa, b 1933 rony npjiexaa b AjiMa-ATy b HHCAe AeAera-roB Ha oner nepeAOBHKOB-JKHBoraoBO- AOB. E.- f . BpycHJioBCKHii 3anHcaji y Hero paa HapoAHbix woes h Bee nony.iffpHbie necHH 3HaMeHHToro MyxHTa. O 3Toro BpeHera JlyKnan craji npeno^aBateneM My3biKa.ibHo-ApaMaTH'iecKoro res- HHKyMa no iwiaccy AOMfipu. B 1934 roAy JI. MyxHTOB— yaacntHK BceKasaxcTaHckoro cae- Ta AeaTeJieft HapoAHoro HCKyocTsa h oahh H3 nepBbix HcncuiHB're- Aeft b opnecTpe HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB hmchh KypMaHra3^» B 1939 roAy JI. MyxHTOB ynacTBOBaA bo Bcecoio3HOM cMorpe HcnoJiHHTeJiefi Ha HapoAHbix HHcrpyMeHTax h 6lui npeMBpoeaii noxBa.nbHOH rpaMOToii. B penepTyape apTHCTa okoao uiecrHAecsmt raoeB KypMaiira3M, Jlay/ieTKepesi, Ka3aHrana, MaMCHa, TarrHM6eTa, Hayuia, ahhu h Apyrax, KOTopue aomCphct HcnoAHaet -c aaMeaaTeAbHSM cfr- BepineHCTBOM. B roAbi BejiHKoS OTe>tecTBeHHQ& BoftHbi JI. MyxHTOB C-i'pyn- nofl paSoTHHKOB HCKyccTBa Ka3axcraHa Bue3»aji c KoimepTaMH Ha (ppOHT HIM oCcnyjHHBaHHH 6oRU,OB COBeTCKOft ApMHH. C 1945 roAa oh paGoraA npenoAaBaTeACM rocyAapcraeHBOfl KOHCepBaropHH no KJiaccy HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB h HMeer pi® yaeHHKOB, okohihbuihx KOHcepBaTopnio. 3a aKTHBHoe yqacrae b pa3BHTHH KaPaxcKoro HapoAHoro hc- KyccTBa JI. MyxHTOBy npncBoeHo 3BaHHe HapoAHoro apmcTa, He- OAHOKpaTHo oh 6ha HarpawAeH rpaMOTaMH BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Coio3a CCP h Ka3axcKoft CCP. JI. MyxHTOB yMep b uoafipe 1957r. C 1934 roAa paGoTaer b opKecrpe 3aMe<iaTejibHuft AOMGpHCt KaAH >KaHTJieyoB. Oh poahach b 1902 roAy b ayjie Ms 10, JIxaH- raAHHCKoro pafioHa, 3anaAHO-Ka3axcTaHCKofi o&iacTH. P oahtmh GbuiH GeAHbie, h AercKHe toau KaJiH JKaHTJieyoBa npoxoAHJiH b THHcejiux ycJioBHHX. Ot 3apn ao 3apH oh nac Gaflciotfi ckot. My- 3bIKaAbHble CnOCOGlIOCTH y KajIH npostsHJIHCb OieHb paHO. B Aercrae KaAH >tacTO Gha cBHAerejieM HapoAHbix cocTsraa- hhA neBUOB (afmjcoB) h cocTH3aHiift hckvciiux kiohluh-aomGphc- TOB (TapTbICOB), CpeAH KOTOpbIX GblA yteHHK KypMaHra3bI — MaMeH. KajiH oneHb Ghtcrpo 3anoMHHaji kioh h necHH, ycJibimaH- Hbie hm Ha afiTbicax h Tapracax, h, riOApawaa, HaneBaA necHH h «HaHrpbiBajt» kioh Ha caMOAeAbHofi AOMGpe. MaAb<iHK HHKorAa He paccTaBaAcn co cBOeft aioGhmoB AByx- CTpyHHofi AOMGpoft. KawAbiH AeHb oh yxoAHA H3 ayjia, noABeuiH- Baa ee Ha iuieqo. H b ninpoKoft h npHBOAbHoS crenH, oh pa3ytH- BSA KIOH.

BcnoMHHaH cboh lOHOUiecKHe roAu, Kann paccica3biBaeT cjie- ayroiuHH xapaKTepHHH cjiyiaft: ...OfluaHCAM oh co cbohm ApyroM KenjKHrapa yBJieKajiHcb «rapTbicoM» Kioea. JOHwe My3binaHTbi no oiepeAH hciioahsiah kioh h cjiyuiajiH flpyr Apyra... Bot KeHWnrapa HcnoAHaeT kwh. Kbjih jiewaji paaoM c KeHWHrapoft Ha TpaBe, noanepeB jiaaoHHMH noA- CopoaoK, h yBJieqeHHo cjiyuiaji Kioii, BHHMaTMbHO cjieaa 3a na>n- AUM aoHwenHeM ero pyK. riacTyiuKH TaK yBAeKJincb craprucoM*, hto He 3aMeTHJiH, KaK oraao OTOiujio Bflajib. Tojibko yAapu 6aft- CKOft Ka.MHH npHOCraHOBHJTH HX «TapTHC». MenOAHH ofiopBajiacb. yMOJiKJia 3B0HKocxpyHHaa, BbicoxmaH Ha co.mue AercKaH AOMSpa. Baft cJIOMajr AOMfipy Ka-nn oahhm yAapoM 0 KaMeHb. A KemKHra- pa cnaccn SercTBOM. Ho hh'ito He Morjio ocxaHOBHTb BAcieHHH KaJiH. TIo ero npocb- 6e eMy cawa^H HOByio AOMfipy. B sto spoMH b ayJie KaJiH JKaiiTAeyoBa * m 3aMenaTejibHuft AOm6phct MaMeH, CTaBuinii nepBWM ynHTejieM 6yAymero My3bi- KaHTa. TIotom K hah 3aHHMaAC5i y yaettHKOB MaMeHa — .Horaftfiaa h ^KyMaran, KOTOpwe eme 6oJibuie pa3BMn ero AioSoBb k Ha- pOAHofi My3HKe h 03H3K0MHJIH ero c p»AOM 3aMenaTejibHHx ne- Itl

B 1934 roAy Kajin yqacTBOBaJi b nepBOM BceKa3axcTaHCKOM cneTe AenreJieU HapOAHbro wcicyoGTBa, rae hoiojihsa kioh «Aaafi> h «AK6aft» KypMaHra3H, «KoHHJi-amap» Typnema h apyrae. Ha Caere eMy 6hijia npHcyataeHa nepBaa npeMHH. Kajin JKaHTJieyoB cjieayeT TpaaauHH KypMaHra3u h b cbosm penepTyape HMeer CBtrnie luecTHflecHTH KioeB KypMailra3bi, Jlay- jierKepea, Ka3aHrana, Typtcema, MaMena,, /Ihhu h Apyrux Ha- pofliihix KoMno3HTopOB. Hrpa K- JKanTjieyoBa OTJiniaeTCH smo- UHOHajIbHOH HaCbilUeHHOCTblO, nOpbIBHCTOCTbK) H IIIHpOKHM pa3- MaxOM. DiyfioKaa, npoHHKHOBeiiHaa Hrpa KaJiH HBJiaeTca iDSoaom ero neycTaHHofl pa6oTbi c iohhx aer, HanpaweHHbix HCKaHHft cBoero HHAHBHflyajIbHOrO HCnO.THHTeJlbCKOTO CTHJia. Kajin nepeaaJi opKeCTpy okoao ABaAUaTH hath KioeB, cpeaH hhx «Attafl>, «AK6afl», «Kaftpan-uieuieM», «CapaH)«an», «Tap- Meaen KauiKan* KypMaHra3bi, <AKuioJinaH> MaMena, «K ohhji arnap* Typnema, <1916 roA» JIhhw h MHOro Apyrax. Hapajiy c HeriOJiHHTeJibCTBOM Kajin 3aHHMaerca h neAaronree- ckoh aeareJibHocTbio. CneayeT OTMeraTb ero pa6ory c mojioaumh apTHCTaMH opKecTpa b ahh iioatotobkh k nepBofl zieKaae Kasax- CKOrO HCKyCCTBa B MoCKBe H BO BpeMH OTeHeCTBeHHOft BOfiHbl, KorAa npHiuAocb cpoino nonojiHHTb opxecTp hobumh MyauKaH- TaMH. C 1935 rofla oh paCoraer npenoAaBaieAeM b My3UKaJibH0M yHHJiHiue, a c 1944 roAa — b AjiMa-ATHHCKOii rocyAapcTBeHHoS KOHCepBaTOpHH. KaAH JKainyieyOB b 1939 roAy 6tui yqacrHHKOM Bcecoio3Horo CMorpa HcnojiHHTejieii iia HapoAHbix HHcrpyMeHTax, rAe 6ha npe- MHposaH noxBaAbHoft rpaMorofi. 3a BUAaioiAHecsi 3acJiyrH b HcnoAHHT&ii&cKoS h neAarorHie- CKofl AesrreAbHocTH K. JKamvieyoBy npncBoeHO 3BaHne HapoAHoro apTHCTa pecnyCAHKH h oh Harpax<AeH rpaMOTaMH BepxOBHoro Co- B&Ta Ka3axcKoft CCP. C MOMeHTa ocHOBaHHH opKecTpa b HeM pa6oTaer 3aMe>iaTeJib- Hbifi ko6u 3hct, 3acnyweHHbifl Aeirrejib HCKyccTB Ra3axcK0fl CCP— JKannac KaaaMdaeB. H mh ero, urepoKo H3BecTHoe Ka3axCKoMy cAyuiatejiio, nojib3yeTCH Gojibiuoft nonyjiapHoerbio h akAjobmo. JKannac Ka.ia.MOaeB poAHAca b 1909 roay b Cy33KCKOM pa8- OHe, K)5KH0-Ka3axcTaHCK0fl ofwiae™, b ceMbe SeAHHKa. riOJIOHCHTeJIbHyiOpOAb B pa3BHTHH My3bIK3AbHblXCnOCOfiHOCTefl JKarmaca cwrpaA ero o-reu KacbiMSeK. 3aMeTHB b cbiHe hckakwh- TeabHyio My3biKaAbnyio OAapeHHOCTb h 3a0OTSic.b 06 ero CyAyweM, OTeu cyMen npoCyAHTb b HeM rAyCoxyio AioCioBb k HapoAHOMy hc-

3ac#yxceHHbift ACHTeaib HCKyccro KaaCCP KO0U3HCT JK.KaaaM 6ae», KycCTBy. On c BocbMH act oCyyaji cbiHa Hrpe Ha AOwCpe h ne- JleTCKiie roAbi.JKannaca nponiAH b poahom ayjie. 06cTaHOBKa, b KOTopoii oh poc, ciiocoScTBOBaJia ero 6bicTpoMy My3bii<aAbHOMy pa3BHTHK). /Karmac pa3T»e3>KaA no ayjiaM, Macro CbrnaA Ha cBaAb- 6ax h HepCAKo nocemaA Cy3aKCKyio apMapxy, Kyjia <rbe3>najmcb iiapoAHbie MysbiicaHTH. 3accb oh cAwiuaA TeMnepaMeimiyio,- yBAeicaTeJibiiyio Hrpy napoAHbix aomSphctob, ko6u 3Hctob, baox- HOBeHHHO BblCTyrlAeilHH nCBUOB. HlHTOHaUHOHHHe H A3AOBLIC OTTOJIOCMH HapOAHhlX KK>eB H He- cen, noAHbix orHH h ptiTMH'iecKoro CBoeo6pa3HH, npoH3BOAHAii ciwbHoe Bne'iawieHHe Ha >Kannaca. OSAaAaa xopomHM CAyxoM h My3biKaAbHo/i naMHTbio, on 6bicrpo 3aiioMHHaji ycAbiuiaHHbie kk>h h necHH. npHe3«aH c otuom b itaKoft-HiiOyAb ayA, JKannac 8 BjiceKrajiH fnsaTOB 113

nan h HrpaJi Ha AOMCpe, paays Bcex cJiyiuaBiunx ero. Tan npare- KajiH ero nepBbie My3biKaAbHbie 33hhthh. yBHaeB cjiyqaftHo ko6h3, oh yaneKca sthm HHCTpyMeHTOM, npeoAOAeB TpyaHocTHoCyqeHHH Hrpbi Ha neM, h, naKOHeu, cran on- HHM H3 JiyWUIHX ko6u3hctob b Ka3axcKofl CTenH. Ho nO-npe>KHeMV oh He 3a6HBaji h o AOM6pe, 3aHHMaacb noA pyKOBOACTBOM Cy- rypa — ak>6hmoto yqeHHKa 3HaMeHHTOro Ko6ht3Hcra h jcomikmh- Topa Hxaaca XlayKHHa (1843— 1916). C noMombio aoM6pHcra Cyrypa PK. KaJiaM6aea isbiymji mhoix) raoeB, KOTOpbie oh 3a- TeM nepeHec 11a ko6u 3, h b TaKOM BHAe HcnoAHaer b nacToamee BpeMH. B 1933roay KaJiaM6aeB b HHMKeHTe nocryriHJi Ha neAarorHie- cKHe Kypcbi. B cjieayiomeM, 1934 roAy, oh 6ua yqacTHHKOM Bce- Ka3axcTaHCKoro cneTa aeaTeJiefl HapOAHoro HCKyccTBa, rae Mac- TepCKH HCnOJIHHJI KKDH HxJiaca <>Ke3-KHfiK», «AKKy», «KaCHHp> h CBofl «Mapui» juih Ko6bi3a. Ha cJieTe oh 6uji npeMHpoBaH h BKJiroueH b cocTaB nauHOHaab- Horo opnecrpa hmchh Ka3L(HKa. CpeAH yieuHKOB KaJiaMfiaeBa b nacroamee apeMH pa6oraioT b opKecrpe A. HcMaitnoB, A. )Ka- ManmaJiOBa, >K. BeKeTOBa. JKannac KaJiaM6aeB H3BecTeH raKJKe h KaK OAapeHHHft kom- no3HTOp-MejioAHcr. H m HanncaHH Mapiu aah Ko6b»a, Maprn «25 Aer Ka3axcTaHa» h Mapm, nocBameinibiH «repoHM CoiwaJiBCTH- qecKoro rpyaa* aah Ka3axcKoro opnecTpa. 3a HcnoJiHHTejibCKyK) h neAarorH'iecKyio AearejibHOCTb ^Can­ nae Ka^iaMdaeB yAOCToen 3bbhhh 3acJiy»ceHHoro abhtcah HCKyccTB pecnyfiiiHKH h HeoAHOKparHo HarpawAaACH rpaMOTaMH Bepxop- Horo CoBeTa Ka3axcKOfl CCP. KoHuepTMeflcrepoM rpynnw ko6w30b b opneerpe hmchh Kyp- Manra3u HBjiaeTCH TajiaHTJiHBan HcriOAHHTeAbHHua, HapoAHan ap- THcnca pecnyfijiHKH ryjibnacpHC BaasHTOBa. OHa poAHJiacb b 1917 roAy b cejie FpHropbeBKe, HKanoBCKoft oCaaerH. Oieu ee nrpaa Ha xypae h raTapcKofi rapMOHHKe. KpoMe TaTapcKHx h 6auiKHp- ckhx necen, HcnojiHHeMbtx otuom Ha rapMOHHKe h Kypae, Tyab- HacJiHC cjiymaAa TaiOKe pyeexae HapoAHbie necHH h ruiacoBue HaHrpbiuiH. C OAHHHaAuaTH AeT OHa Hrpajia Ha rapMOHHKe, MaHAO- AHHe HCKpHHKe. Flocne cMep™ on a ceMbH Baa3HTOBofi nepeexaaa b A ktio- Chhck. PaOoraa b THnorpa<j)HH ua6opm nueS, OHa KaJKAyio cbo6oa- Hyio MHHyry yAeJisuia Hrpe Ha AOMCpe, yaacTBOBaAa b xyAOJKecT- BeHHoii caMOAenreabHocTH. B 1936 roAy nocAe ycneniHono BbrerynAeHHH Ha OAHMnHaae HapOAHoro TBopqecTBa TyAbHaipHc 6ha a npHrAamena Ha paSory b opxecTp HMeHH Ka3ll,HKa. 114

B hobom KcwuieKTHBe ryjibHa([)Hc HaoLna qynoix ywr&neft h noMomHHKOB. OcodeHHo ycneniHHMH 6ujju ee My3biKa^ibHwe 3a- hsithh c JKyMaraJiH KacbiMOBbiM, ynenHKOM Ko6w3HCTa >K. KajiaM- fiaeBa. C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH r. 5aa3HTOna Aocnovia 3HaHHTejihHHx yc- nexoB h crania cumoii H3 JiyaniHX HcnoJiHHxejibHHU Ha Ko6bi3e. ryjibitatfiHC Baa3HTOBa yaoc-roeHa 3B3hhh Hapojuoii apracTKH TGJlbCKHMH ^lailHblMH: 'IHCTOTOH HHTOHaUHH, 6e3yKOpH3HeHHbIM pHTMOM, KpaCHBbfM, OjiaropOAUblM 3ByKOM H COBepIUeiTHOfi Tex- HHKOH. ryjibHa<[)HC Baa3HTOBa yjiocrocHa 3B3hhh Hapoiraofi apTHCTKH pecnySjiHKH u neo/iiiOKpaTHO HarpaHmaaach noxBajibHWMH rpa- MOTaMH BepxoBHoro CoBera Ka3axcKoii CCP. 8* 115

riHTHaAUaTlUieTHHM MaJlbHHKOM npHUiejt B OpKeCTp TaJIHM KofimnSaeB, c aeTCKHx Jier 3anoMHHBWHfl mhoto HapoAHNX raoeB h neceH. O h poahach b 1919 roAy b K h3HA-KyrHHCKOM pafioHe, TypbeBCKOii oOJiacTH, b ceMbe naSaHa. Oi-eu raAHMa KofinmSafi Hrpaa Ha AOMSpe. My3biKajibHbie ciiocoShocth y MajibHHKa Shah HacTOAbKo Be- ahkh, hto c rnecTH Aer oh yx<e caM CTaji nrpaTb Ha AOM6pe. riocne cMepra poAHTejicii FaJiHM Koiiinn6aeB nocTynHJi b a®t- ckhh flOM ropo.na ypaAbcna, yaHAca b ceMHJieTHeft Ka3axcnoB uiKOJie, yqacTBOBa.'i b xyAOKecTBeHHofi caMOflesrreJibHocTH. B 1934 roay TaJiHM 6bui yiacTHHKOM nepBoro Bcena3axcTaH- CKoro cjiera AeaTeAefi Hapoanoro HcxyccTBa, rfle 6ha npeMHpoBaH H 3a?HcyieH b opnecrp hmchh Ka3LlHKa h HanpaBJieH Ha yieSy b My3biKajibHo-ApaMaTH'iecKnii TexHHKyM. B roflu BeAHKOfi Ore- HecTBeHHofl boBhw Soeu-cHafinep KoAiiwSaeB c opyaraeM b py- Kax 3awHma.ii PoAHHy. 3a 6oeBhie ycnexn yKa30M ripe3HAByMa BepxoBHoro CoBeTa C C P FajiHM KoiiimiGaeB narpaamen opnenoM SoeBoro KpacHoro 3HaMeHH. B 1943 roAy oh CHOBa BepHyjica b opxeCTp HapoflHux HHdpyMeHTOB, hue npoAO.UKaeT paSora-rb b rpynne BeaywHx AOMSpHCTOB. Ko6u3ncTKa <I>aTHMa Banraesa poAHJiar.b b 1926 rosy b TioHbKyCaccKOM pafioHe,-lOwHo-KasaxcraHCKOfl o&aacTH, Ka3ax- cko% C C P , b ceMbe pa6oHero->KeAe3HOAopojKHHKa. B Ka3axcKHfl opuecTp Ba-iraeBa npHiiuia coaceM ioHoft. 3to 6buio b 1942 rofly, apxHCTbi Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa yxoAHAH Ha 4>poaT Ha aawHTy OTenecTBa ot HCMeuKHx 3axBaTWHKOB. riepeA Ka3axcKofi TocyAapcxBeHHOft (fwAapMOHHeii CTOWia oTBeTCTBeH- Haa 3aAaia: b kopotkhA cpoK noAroTOBHTb HOBue MOAOAwe KaA- pbt HCnOAHHTeJiefl Ha HapOAHbIX HHCTpyMeHTaX. C 3TO0 HeAbK) Be- AyWHe apTHCTM K. JKaHTAeyoB, JI. MyxH-roB, }K. KaAaMSaeB Sh­ ah nOCAaHbl B OSa 3CTH peCTTy&IHKH, HTOSbl nOAOSpaTb raAaHTAH- Byio MOAOAewb aah nonoAHeHHH Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa. JK. KanaM- 6aeB pewHA aaflTH b AAMa-AraHCKyio Ka3axcKyio WKOAy Jfe 38, HTo6h O3HaK0MHTbCH C XyAOJKeCTBeHHOH caMOAeHTeAbHOCTblO yaa- Whxch. Oh nocAymaA xop yiawaxca, a 3aTeM OTAeAbHHX ncnoA- HHxeAefl Ha AOM6pe h apjthx My3UKaAbHbix HHCTpyMeHTax. OahoA H3 nocAeAHHx BbicrynHAa yaeiiHua stoS wkoah mecr- HaAUaTHAeTHaa <J>aTHMa BajiraeBa. OHa npexpacHO cnena nec- hio noA ooScTBeHHHft aKKOMnaneMeHT Ha AowSpe, oSHapywra He- 3aypaAHHe My3HKaAbHue choco6hocth. JKannac KaAaM6aeB oSpamn Ha Hee BHHMaHKe h npeAAOwHA AeByoiKe yan-rbca My- 3UKe,- Ha <rro OHa oxotho corAacHAacb.

3acjiyjKeHHufi apTHCT KaaCCP flOMdpHCT r. KoftuiHdaeB. SaHHTHH (paTHMbi c onbirHHM £Om6phctom opKecTpa KaJIH JKainvieyOBHM cnocoCcTBOBajiii ee OucTpoMy TBOpnecKOMy pocry. BcKope OHa Gujia npHi-jiauiena na nocTOAHHyio paGoTy b Ka3ax- ckhH opKecTp hm. Ka3LlHKa. B 9th roam b opnecTpe ne XBaTaJio ko6w3hctob h <I>aTHMa crajia oGyiaTbcn nrpe na Ko6u3e. B 1945 noay OHa nocTynnjia yiUTbca b Ajraa-ATHHCKyio koh- cepBaTopHK) na OTAeJieHHe uapoAHUx HHCTpyMeHTOB. 3aecb <t>a- THMa nay'iHJiacb HcnoJiHan. Ha ko6u 3B Ka3axcKH6 HapoAHbte nec- HH H KIOH, npOH3BeA6HHH pyCCKHX H K33aXCKHX KyiaCCHKOB H CO'IH- HeilHH COBeTCKHX KOMn03HT0p0B. •17

3aciiy/Keiiiian apTiicnca Ka3CCP, yaoc-roeimas II npeMHH Ha III BceMHpHOM $ecTHBaae mojioacjkh h cryflemoB o Bcp.iiiue, h ynacTHHua IV (pecTHUMfl b EyxapecTC, xo6u3HCTKa <J>. EaJiraeaa. TocyaapcTBeHHyio KOHcepBaTopHio MoaoAaa Ko6u3HCTKa Baa- raeBa oKOHiajia b 1950 roay, nony-MB KBaatKjjHKamno coahctkh opnecTpa h neaarora no wiaccy napoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB. C SToro BpeMenn <t>aTHMa crajia npenoaaBaTb b AjiMa-AfHH- CKofl rocyAapcTBenHofl KOHcepBaropHH no KJiaccy KoCbraa. B aBrycTe 1951 roaa b BepAHHe coctohjich 3-ii BceMHpHhifi cpecTHBa.ib MOJioAewH h cryACHMecTBa, b kotopom ynacTBOBaan h liocjiaHUbi Ka3axcKoro HCKyccraa. BucTynaa Ha MewayHapoAHOM KOHKypce, <J>atHMa BaaraeBa b conpoBOHmeHHH <j)opTcniiano HcnoaHnaa «Apmo», «KoKreM» juiH Ko6bi3a A. >Ky6aHOBa, Ka3axcKHfl HapoAHbift Kiofi «Xe3-KnSK», KtOH TarrHM6eTa «BbiAKbiAAaK», necnio A 6aa «A0TTbiM caaeM, 118

KaJiaMKac*, Taneu mieHiiHUbi H3 onepbi «Ep-Taprbiii» E. Bpy- CH^OBCKOro h apyrne npoH3BeaeHHH. yiacTHHKH (pecTHBaJia BnepBbie ycabiinaan HOKHbie 3ByKH ko- 6w3a, jibiomnecH MeaoAHH Ka3axcKoii crena, to He>KHbie, to yna- jiue h pa3aojibHt>ie, to rpanno3Hbie. JKiopH KOHKypca bucoko oubhhao MacrepcTBo O. BajiracBofi. Ona 6buia yaocroena BTOpofl npeMaa h rioayiHaa noierHufi ahiuiom. Flocae cpecTHBajia <t>aTHMa BaaraeBa BMecTe c apyrHMH co- bgtckhmh apTHCTaMH h My3biK3HTaMH yqacTBoBaaa b KOHuepTax ana COBBTCKHX BO0CK B TepMaHHH. CoBCTCKHe My3blK3HTbI BHCTy- naaa b rocyaapcTBeHHofi onepe <<I>pHApnxmTaATnaaac», b komh- lecKoft onepe, Ha 3aKpuTbix cTaaHoHax, naomaasix h t . a- 3a aKTHBiioe yqacTHe b KyabrypHO-xyaowecTBeHHOM o6cay- x<HBaHHH annioro cocTaBa rpynnw coBercKHx bohck b TepMaHHH 0 . BaaraeBa 6uaa HarpaacaeHa noieTHofi rpaMoroft MuHHCTep- CTBa Boopy>KeHHhix cna C C C P . ®aTHMa BaaraeBa npiiHuaa yqacTHe h b IV BceMHpHOM (}>ec- THBaae MoaoaewH h cryaeH'iecTBa b ByxapecTe. OKpbiaeHHaa ycnexoM, <t>aTHMa neycraHHO npoaoawaeT pa6o- TaTb Haa pacmiipewieM penepryapa h coBepuieHCTByer cBoe hc- noaHHTeabcKoe MacrepcTBo. B oCuihphom penepryape Hapaay c KaaaxcKofl Hapoauoft MysbiKoii a npoH3BeaeHHHMH coBercKHx kom- no3HTopoB HMeiorcsr aaerHH «H e HCKyuiaft MeHH 6e3 HyxaM* Tahh- kh, «riecHH (5e3 caoB» HafiKOBCKoro, cHTaabHHCKaa naabna» Pax- MaHHHOBa, apnfl rieproae3H h mhoto apyrax. 0 . BaaraeBa Bee BpeMH Beaerr neaaroraqecKyio pa<5ory b AaMa- AthhckoA rocyaapcTBeHHOfl KOHcepBaTopmi Ha OTaeneHHH K33ax- CKHX HapOaHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. Ee yqeHHK3MH HBAHIOTCH 38KOH- HHBiHHe KOHcepBa-ropHio Mcuioabie Ko(3bi3HCTbj XaMaHiiiaaoBa, HypneacoBa h apyine. B a«H 20-aeTHero io6Haea Ka3axcicoro opnecTpa hmchh Kyp- MaHra3bt Ko6bi3HCTKe <I>aTHMe BaaraeBofl 6biao npHCBoeno noqeT- Hoe 3B3HH8 3acayweHHoft apracTKH Ka3axcKofi C C P . Boaee asaauaTH aeT paCoTaeT b opKecTpe BaxTHjip KyOafl- acaiioB, HcnoaHHTeab Ha aoM6pe-KOHTpa6ace. BaxTHap poanaca b 1910 roay b ayae KtMbia-KyrHHCKoro pailoHa, TypbeBCKofl oOaaCTH; b npomaoM oh nacrryx, a 3aTeM pa6o<wft. y » e b paHHeM aeTCTBe BaxTHap Bbiyqua mhot6 KioeB h ne- cen-y cBoero aan.n, heKycHoro aoMCpucra h neBua. Eoahiuoe aaHHHHe Ha pa3BHrae My3WKaabHbix cnocoCHOcrefl MaabHHKa OKa3aaa ero 6a6yuiKa Axcyay. OHa noaapHaa MaaeHb- KOMy BaxTHapy aoM6py h 3acraBaaaa ero HrpaTb Ha stom hh-

crpyMeHTe. B OAHHHajwaTb JieT BaxTHsp ywo h m m b cbobm pe- nepxyape HecKOJibKO-' KioeB h neceH, Koxopiae oh arpaa Ha Beie- pHHKax H T03X. flo 1925 rofla Ky6 afl>KaHOB nac cxaaa. HoMSpa 6tuia ero He- pa3JiyHHWM npyrox- B crenH, Ha AOHe npnpoHbi, oh hociobhho co- BepuieHCTBOBaji CBoe MacrepcTBO, MHoroKparao noBropas xaxwyio 4rpa3y hjih KOJieno kioh, pa3yaeHHbie hm y ah ah . ysaeKiiiHCb HrpoB Ha flOMgpe, BaxTHJip nopofi lie 3aMeqaji, Kate npoxoAM aem. B BoceMHaAUaTb aex BaxTHnp acnoaHsui ywe xaime cabxHue kioh, KaK «AKcaK-KyjiaH», « H ap HflHpreH», « K u 3bui-KafiuH» h ap. B 1930 roay KyGafixaH oo nepewea Ha pa6oTy b cobxo3 b Km m - OpHHHCKofl o6ji a c ™ h cxa.ii yaacTBOBaTb b xyaowecTBCHHoR ca- MOHGflTeHbHOCTH. 3aTeM pa6oxaJi CparaAHpOM b Koaxo3e. B 1933 roay b HHMKeHTe KyCafixcaHOB BCTpexHHCH c Hapoa- HHM ko6u 3hctom JKarmacoM KaJiaM<5aeBHM, KOTopbift iiojiojkh- TejibHo 0T03BaJica 06 ero Hrpe h flaji eMy pan XBopnecKHx cobb- tob, KacaiomHxca acnojiHeHaH napo/uibix KioeB h neceH. B Haaajie 1934 roaa KySaftwaHOB no3HaKOMWiCH c H3BecrHU« KH3axcKHM noaxoM AcKapoM ToKMaraMfieTOBHM. ripocJiyniaB ijr- py BaxTHapa, Acnap ToKMaraMCeroB nocoBeTOBan eMy exaTb b CTOHHuy Ka3axcTaHa a npHHflxb yaaexae b nepBOM pecny&nHKaH- ckom cneTe uapoAHbix xanaHxoB, KOTopuft co3HBajica b HKwe 1934 roaa b AaMa-Axe. Ho BaxTHap He CMor yaacTBOBaTb b peenyfi- J1HK3HCKOMcneTe, jiHuib b Aena6pe 1935 roaa Ky6aibKaHOBnocry- ithji b opnecTp hm. Ka3liHKa. 3aecb nepea hhm otkpbmhcii IimpOKHe B03M05KH0CXH yrjiy6.HeHIIOft pafioTbl Hafl K333XCK0H Ha- poOToft My3biKoft. HeJierKo npiimjiocb BaxxHsrpy. Haao 6u.no OBJiaHeXb HOTHOft rpaMOXOfi, OHHKaXb B MaHepy HCIKX/IlieHHH K3JK- aoro kioh, ax pa3Hoo6pa3Hbix inxpHxoB, HioaHCOB. A rjiaBHoe — npHBUKHyTb HrpaTb b opnecTpe noa AHpawepcxyio najioaKy. BceMy axoMy KyCafiacaHOB HacxoflaHBo yaajica y. aomSphctob yaxana Ka6HroxcnHa, KajiH JKainvieyoBa, Hayran ByKefixaHoBa h AHpajKepoB AxMera }Ky6aHOBa h Jlaxuijia XaMHAH. B 1936 roay Ky6a8>KaHOB 6ijji yaacxHHKOM nepBofi aenaaH Ka3axcKoro coBeTCKOro HCKyccxBa b MoCKBe. B opnecxpe HMeHH Ka3LI,HKa noAHocxbio pa3BepHyjiacb HcnojiHHxeJibCKHe a opraHH- 3auaoHHbie cnocoCHocTH Baxxnapa KyCaSacaHOBa. BcKppe oh 6tui Ha3HaieH HucneKxopoM opaecxpa, a eMy Cbuia nopyiena opra- HH3axopcKaa a BocimxaTejibCKaH pafioxa epean My3binaHT0B. Oa- HOBpeMeHHo oh padoTaji h pyKOBoaHTeaeM KpyjKKOB xyaowbcraeH- hoS caMoaeaxejibHocxa. B aBrycxe 1941 roaa KySaftatanoB 6uji npraBaa b pajm Co- BeTCKOft ApMHH. IlocJie B gjihkoh OxenecTBeHHofi bo S h u Ky6aftx<aHOB BepHyJi- ch b AaMa-Axy a npoao.xjKHJi HcnoaHHxenbcKyio aeaxeabHOCTb b opnecxpe Hapoaiibix HHcxpyMeHTOB. HawHaa c 1939 roaa H-no. 120

3acjiyjKCHHLiii aprncT KaaCCP floiiOpucT B. KySafiwaHOB. Hacronmee BpeMa, apiucr Ka.saxcKoro opKecrpa Baxraap OKa3U- BaeT noBceaHeBHyio noMomb caMOfl'eaTenbHbiM aom(5pobmm apyw- KaM bhcuihx yaefiiihix 3aBe,aeHHft ropo.ua AjiMa-Aru. B aeHb 4BaAuarmieTHa Ka3axcKoro rocyaapcTBeHEroro op- KecTpa km. KypManra3bi 3a HcnoJiHHTeahcicyio h o6weCTBeHHyK> AeareabHOCTb apmcry opaecTpa KyCaimaHOBy BaxTHapy 6ujio npHCBoeiio noaeTHoe 3BaHHe 3acjiy»<eHHoro apTHCTa Ka3axcKoii C C P . Oh HeoAHOKpaTHo Harpaw^eH noaeTHUMH rpaMOTBMH Bep- xoBHoro CoBera Ka3axcKoft C C P . CBbime ABaauarH jiex b opaecTpe hmchh KypMaHra3u Hrpaer ko6w3hct ACyraJinn HcManaoB. Oh poahjich b 1920 r oay b Ka- 121

3aJiHHCK0M paftoHe, K3hui-OpanHCKO0 ofijiacTH, Ka3axcKGft CCP. Kor.ua A6yTajinny <5hjio TpmiaAuaTb jict, cm jihuihjich orua h Marepa. MajibiHK 6uji nanpaB-ieH b K3bui-OpAHHCKH0 AercKHfi AOm; 3aecb, yiacb b uiKOJie, oh OAHOBpeMeHHo Hayqtuicfl HrpaTb Ha AOMfipe. HcMaHAOB 6ma nacrcwibKO oaapeHHbiM, «rro qepe3 tph roAa ero npmviacHJiH pafiOTarb b HhmkbhtckhS My3biKa.ibHo-Apa- MaTHiecKHfl TeaTp. 3Aecb oh aKKOMnaHHpoB&n neBuaM. Bojibmoe 3HaHeHHe ana xyAOwecTBeHHoro paaBHTHH HcMaanoBa HMejiH My- suKaabHbie cneicraioiH WHMKCHTCKoro TeaTpa, rm craBHJiHCb pa3- jiHiHbie no xapaKrepy nbecu KaaaxcKHx ApaMaTyprcra. 3to ikwbo- jihjio eMy em,e jiynuie no3HaKOMHTbca c KapaxcKHMH napoAHUMH neCHHMH H KKMMH. B 1936 roay nocjie ACKaAbi Ka3axcKoro coBercKoro HCKyccTBa b MocKBe Ka3axcKHfl HaimoHajibHbifl opicecTp hm. Ka3UHKa npH- 122

exan Ha racTpcuiH b Mhmkcht. KoHuepru opnecrpa nocTOHHHO no- cewmi uiecTHaauaTHJieTHHil HaqHHaiomHH aomCphct MHMKeiircKo- ro olwiacTHoro My3biKaAbHO-ApaMaTHqecKOro Teaxpa Afiyia^Hn. Ero oyeHb 3aHHTepecoBajiH h KOAneKTHBHaa arpa My3biKaHTOB h Ka3axcKHe Hapo/mwe kioh. OcoGeiiHO nonpaBiuiacb Hrpa ko6h3hc- tob JKannaca K.aJiaM6aeBa h Hcxana BaJiHesa. HcMamiOB ranxe BnepBbie yBHfl&a jnpna<epa, 6jiaroAapa KoropoMy opKecTp 3ByqaA CJiaJKenHO. riocjie KOHueproB A6yraa«n aaraw 3a cueny h xaM yBHj m >K. KaaaMCaeiia, aom6phctob K. JKaHTJieyosa, JI. Myxa- TOBa h AHpHwepa opKecrpa A. ?Ky6aHOBa. K)Houia BHpasmi CBoe BocxHmeiine KOHueproM. TIocJieaoBaB- uiaa BcJiea 3a stum remiaa Ceceaa OKoimaTejihuo pcuiajia TBop- qecKyio cyAbSy ACyraaHna. JjHpHwep opxecTpa npeAJiowHJi eMy nepeexaTb b AjiMa-ATy h paCoraTb b opKecTpe hm. KasLIHKa. C 1937 rOAa A6yraAHn HcMaHaoB— apnicT opKecrpa hm. KasLIHKa. O h CTaji yqHTbcn Hrpe Ha Ko6bi3e y >Kannaca KajiaM- 6aeBa, oBJiaAeJi hothoS rpaMorofl, noBucHA CBoe My3biKaJibHoe ofipaaoBaiiHe. BnaroAapa 3aimTHHM c ?KarmacoM KaJiaM6aeBbiM HcMamioB CTaHOBHTCH OTJTH'lHbIM K06bI3HCT0M. B TCHCHHe MHOrHX JICT OH 6bUI KOHU,epTMe0CTepOM BTOpbrX K0Cbl30B B OpKecTpe. 3a ycnexH b inaae pa3BHTHsi KaaaxcKoii HanHOHajibHoS Myau- KajibHoft KyjTbrypM b ACHb 20-jieTHH Ka3axcKoro rocyaapcTBeH- Horo opnecTpa HHcrpyMeHTOB hmchh KypMaHra3bi KoOwsHCTy op- KecTpa HcMawjioBy ACyTajinny Oujio npHCBoeHO noqeTHoe 3Ba- H«e 3acny>KeHHoro apracra Ka3axcKofl CCP. TajianTJiHBaa Mojioflewb, 3anHMaioiuas aaMeraoe Mecro b TBopqecKoft >kh3hh KoJuieKTHBa, coAeftcTByeT AaJibHeftmeMy pociy H pa3BHTHK> OpKeCTpa. nOAaBJIHIOmee 6oJlbUlHHCTBO MOJIOAbIX op- KecTpaHTOB no/iyMHJiH Bucuiee o6pa30BaiiKe b AnMa-AraHCKoC rocyAapcTBeHHOfl KOHcepBaTopHH hmchh KypMaHra3hi, a hckoto- pue H3 hhx npoAOJiwaiOT yqe6y h b Hacionmee BpeM». CpeAH MOAOAbIX My3blKaHTOB OpKeCTpa, OKOHqWBtHHX AjIMa- ArHHCKyio KOHcepBaropHio, cyieayer Ha3BaTb KyAa6aeBy K., OMa- poBa P ., ToJiMMfieKOBa IX-, CyjiraHraJiHeBa M., IXayjieTKaJiiiBBy E., EeraflAapoBa JK- KaHTap6aeBa >K., Te3eic6aeBa JX-, EoTfiaeBa JX-, BaAHeBy M., JKaMaHmaaoBy A., Myp3a6eK0Ba A., KyMeic6aeBa M., AjiaaiiieBa K-, TeMHpoBa III., KofiuiHfiaeBa M., KyMbicSexoBa K. H MHOFHX ApyTHX. H3 'iHCJia TaJiaHTAHBoft MOAOAewH opKecTpa oco6o nano ot~ MerHTb SbiBiiiero BocnHTaHHHKa ACTCKoro AOMa, AOMfipncTa Ma- KajiaHMa KoftuiHCaeBa. B opnecTp oh nocTyniwi coBceM Majibqn- kom, b 1939 roAy, KOTAa eMy 6m jio Bcero AHiiib 13 Jier. 3Aecb oil BnepBbie 03HanoMHAca c npoH3BeACHHHMH pyccKoft h 3anaAHofi 128

KJiaCCHKH, C COHHHeHHBMH COBCTCKHX KOMn03HTOpOB. B OpKeCTpe MaxaAAHM H3yiiHJi My3biKaAbHyio rpaMOTy, oBJia^eJi tcxhbkoA Hr- pu Ha AOMOpe.- B toau BeJiHKoft OTeaecTBewHoft bohhn Ka3axcKaa rocyAap- CTBeHHan cJiHJiapMOHHH hm. JX3KaM6yjia 0Ka3biBajia TBopaecKyro noMouib nepfi(J)epHHHbiM (pHAapMOHna.M. C aTOfi u&nbio b 1944 ro- ay moaoaoh aom£>phct M. KofiniHCaeB 6ha HanpaBJieH b Kycra- HaftCKyio o&nacrHyio (JmjiapMOHHio b KawecTBe xyAOwecTBeHHoro pyKOBOAHTeaa. Mepe3 roA oh ona3biBaA TBopaecKyio noMomb My- 3bIKaHT3M AKTIO6HHCKOH IpHAapMOHHH. B KycTaHae KofluiH6aeB paCoTaA BMecre c H3BectHhiM KHTafi- CKHM KOMII03HTOpOM Ch CHH-XaeM H KpenKO nOApyWHACH C HHM. B Aktk)6hhckc h KycTaHae M. KofluiHOacB o6yaaA My3biKaHT0B HOTnofl rpaMOTe, Hrpe na AOMfipe, opranH30Ban HeCoAbiuoS aom-. CpOBblii aHcaM^Ab. MaKajMHM He TOAbKO OTAHHHblft HCnOAHHTCAb Ha AOM6pe, HO h OAapeHHbifi KOMno3HTop. B roAbi yne6 u Ha komikohtopckom ot- AeJieHHH AAMa-ATKHCKofl KOHcepBaxopHH oh HanacaA paA juac- coBbix neceH, KaMepHo-HHCTpyMeiiTajibHbix npoH3Be,aeHHH, noay- hhbihhx xoponiyio oueHKy. CpeAH ero npoH3BeABHHH BhiAeasuoTca «MeJioAHH» aah Ko6u3a c opnecTpoM HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB, kk)h «AjiMarbiM», «JKacTap», «AnKy» h ApyrHe. CpeAH moaoahx HonoAHHTeJieft opKecTpa BbiAeAaerca a AOM6pncT JlyBceCeK ToAUM6eKOB, KOTOpbift npHiuea b koaaOk- thb opKecrpa inecTHaAUaTHAeTHHM ronouieft. , Hyflce6 eK, socnHTaHHHK aotckopo AOMa, c AercrBa jhoChji My- 3bIKy. B AjJMa-ATHHCKOM ABTCKOMAOMe 6bIA AOM6pOBfalfi KpjOHOK, KoropbiM pyKOBOAHA KaAH JKaHTAeyoB. B 3T0M AOM6pOBOM KpyjKKe H yHHACH MaAbHHK, BHHMaTGAbHO npHCAyniHBaacb k coBeTaM cBoero HacraBHHKa. B 1935 roAy XlyficeSeK Kan cnocoCHbift aom6phct 6u a npraaT b KOAAeKTHB Ka3axcicoro opKecTpa, rAe h paCoTaeT b Hacroamee BpeMH h otahhho cnpaBAaerca co CBoeft napTHeft b opxecTpe Ha AOM6pe-npHMe. H3 ko6h 3hctob opKecrpa hbao Ha3BaTb HMeHa KyAa6aeBoft K., JKaMaHinaAOBoft A., CyATaHraAHeBa M. (HcnoAHHreAb Ha 6aco- BOM K06bI3e), KOTOpbie 06AaAaiOT HCKAIOHHTeAbHOfl My3btKaAbHOft OAapeHHOCTblO H TeXHHKOH HipH Ha Ko0u3e. CpeAH AOMfipHCTOB BblACAHIOTCH TaAaHTAHBbie MySbIKaHTbl OMapoB P., BoT6aeB Jl., BaAHeBa A., Mbip3a6eKOB A., TeMH- poB III., AviAameB K-, CnxHMSaeB A. h HHH3rywaeB A. TaAaHTAHBaa pacrymaa MOAOAewb opKecTpa b TBopaecKOM coApy*ecTBe c ohuthumh MacTepaMH HCKyccraa MKoro h cepbe3- ho pafiOTaer HaA coCofl, noBumaa h yrAyCAaa CBoe MacTepcrBO, pa3BHBaa poAHoe coBercKoe HCKyccTBo. 124

BeJiHKaa OKTaCpbCKaa cou,HaJincrH\"iecKaa peBOJiiouna pacxpe- nocTHJia h B03p0AHJia Ka3axcKHfl HapoA. PaBHonpaBHbiM h AeaTejibHhiM cipoHTeaeM HOBoro cowhmih- CTHiecKoro oSmecTBa errata h Ka3axcxaa atemuHna. BaecTaiuKM npnMepoM stoto aBJiaeTca HcnoJiHHTejibCKaa h KOMncraHTOpcKaa AeaT&nbHocTb BbiAaiomeiica Ka3axcK0il aomGphctkh, KioftuiH JJhhu HypneacoBoft, TBOpaecTBO KOTopofl apxo pacuBeao jihuib b Hame BpeMa. /lima HypneHcoBa poAHJiacb b 1861 roAy b ypoaame BexeTafi, ilwaiira-iKHCKoro pafloHa, 3anaAHO-Ka3axcTaHcxofl o6jiacTH, b ■ceMbe pbi6axa.

My3biKa.ibHbie cnoco6HOCTH R iitm BUHBHJiHCb oiem> paHO. y * e AeBHTH-flecHTH ne.T cma Hayamiacb HrpaTb Ha aoti6pe. rlepBbie My3biKajibHue BneqaTJieHHH flHHa yHacneaoBaJia ot cbo- hx SpaTbeB h poAHoro onia, 3H3tokob h jiio6HTenefl Ka3axcKofi HapOAHOft MyabIKH. JX m a pocJia b cpeae iiapoAHtJx My3hiKaHTOB-AOM6pHCTOB n 6ha a TajianTAHBoft yBCHHuefi BCJiHKoro Ka3axcKoro HapoAHoro KOMno3HTopa KypMaHra3M Cariip6aeBa, kioh KOToporo OHa 6e- pejKiio floHeoia ao Haninx AHeft, JlHHa nepeiiajia Tanxe JiyraiHe kioh 3haMghhtux napoaiiux flOMCpncTOB CoKup EmaHa, jJayAerKepea, Bajia MaficaHa, y3axa h Apyrnx. Cbo6oaho pa3BHBaTb cboo HcnoAHHTeAbcKoe MacrepcTBO Ruse 6bi.no oqeHb TpyAHO, Tax kbk Ka3auiKaw neTb h HrpaTb Ha My- 3WKaAbiibix HucrpyMeHTax crporo 3anpemajiocb. TojibKo 6-naroAapa KypMaHra3H nepefl JImhoS 6i>ui OTKpbiT nyrb b HCKycCTBO. Ot cBoero yHHTeaa jlnua nepeHsuia jiymmie Tpa- Ahuhh, TexHHKy h cTHjjb Hrpbi. Oco6oe BHHMaHHe OHa o6pamjia Ha ycBoeHHe KioeB KypManra3hi h ApyrHx cobpcmchiihkob; koto- pbie JXma HcnoAiiana c 6oAbuiofl Jiio6oBbio h b tohhoh HHrepnpe- raixHH. Bor KaK onHCbiBaer Ka3axcKHfl nosT A6AHJibAa TawnCaeB b cBoeM cTHxoTBopeHHH «KypMaHra3bi» MacTepCKoe HcnoJiHeHHe jltiHoft kioh CBoero yHHTejiH: floufipa Bflpyr roaocou 3anena MOjiOAbm, H yOaioxaaiHbifi^M&noAHefi Hapon, Kaaa.iocb, ABiwyjicfl » can b doxoa aa hhm. 3aiuiaKaJi, aaptiAaji mod «r^>ecniaa MaTb», Okobu paaopBaB. cfiHBan KaHAaau, To 3aMHpaji «AAafi». to OyioeBaa onsTb. H bjihjics, vyn apowa, «AK6afl» h, KaK poca, IlIyMniuaa BecHoii. fitui KioB «Capbi-ApKa». 3aneji «Ko6hk uiaimtaH*, He noMemaacb b aou, (Cthxh Ka3axcKnx iioaTOB. AjiMa-ATa, 1946) B ABaauaTb Jier J[nHa HypneacoBa 6buia ywe H3Becraofi A°m- 6pncTK0H Ha sanaae Ka3axcTaHa h ua noOepexbe aanaAHOfi nac- th KacnaflcKoro Mops. LILih roAbi. Bee BAyMiHBee trraHOBHjiacb JXm a . Haciynmi 3pe- jibift nepnofl ee HcnoJiHirreAbCKOfi AeHTejibHOCTH. npo6yHCAaflCH » Heii H K0Mn03HT0pCKHft TajiaHT. Bo BpeMH HaUHOHa.nbiio-ocBoSoAHTeAbHoro aHTHHMuepHaJiH- CTHHecKoro BOCCTaHHfl 1916 roAa JX m a cbohmh npoH3BeAeHHHM»

oTKJiHKaerca Ha Hero), iiocbhthb noBCTamiaM CBoft nepBufl Kiofl «16 i-oa». Kiofl «16 roA» noBecTByer o TSJKejioft h CecnpaBHofl wh3hh Ka3axcKoro HapoAa, ero nepewHBaHHax h rope. B Kioe 3BynaT h mothbu npoTecTa, Copb6u h HaaoKflu Ha nofieay. riocne nodeAbi .B&ihkoh O kthCpbckoh copHajmcTHiecKofl pe- bwhouhh flHHa uiaraer BAOxnoBenubiS Kiofl <1917 roA», cnaBH- iuhA noCeay O kthCph. CoBercKaH BAacrb AaJia B03M0»H0CTb JXhhg bo bcio rnapb pa3BepHyTb CBOe TBopaecTBO. H mh ee ywe 6ujio H3BecTHO Bceft Ka- 3axcKofl CTeriH. B 1937 roay XluHa HypnencoBa npHrjianieHa b AjiMa-ATy h Cbma yaacTHHuefi BTopofi pecrrySjiHKaHCKoft oahmiih- a^tj, rae oHa BCTperanacb c iJwaMfiyjioM. B AjiMa-ATe JlHHa co3^aeT HOBbie kioh <AceM-KoHbip». «Tofl-6acrap» h Apyrae. B 1939 rofly Anna yaacTBOBajia bo Bcecoio3HOM CMOTpe hc- ncwHHTeaefl Ha HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTax b MocKBe, aanoeBaa nepByio upeMHio. B cTOJinue Hauiefl poahhu Anna no3HaKOMHJiacb c My3UK0fl napofloB CCCP. B roAbi BeJiHKoft OreaecTBeHHofl boAhu ilHHa coaHHseT khdh «OTeiecTBeHHaH BofiHa*, «HaKa3 MaTepH* h Apyrae. B sthx npo- H3BeaeHHHX oHa ropaao npii3bFBaeT jiyaiUHx cbihob HapoAa 11a CBameiiHyio dopbfiy c BparoM. no6eAOHocHOMy OKOHiaHHio BejiHKoft OreHecTBeHHofl boAhu crapaa A m ta nocBaroaer kioh «>Kay xcaflparaH» (rnGaiib Bpara) h «JKenHC» (IlofieAa). B Taxteaue ahh BoahkoA OTeaecTBeHHofl boAhu b (peBpaae- Mapre 1944 roaa b TauiKeiiTe nponuia Bropaa AeKaa.a cobctckoA My3HKH CpeaHefl A3hh h Ka3axcTaHa. Ha 3-roft Aenaae c ycne- xom BwcryriHJia BocbMHAecHTHAeTHaa AOMOpncTKa JlHHa HypneH- coBa. OHa iiMejia Sojibuioft ycnex y TaziiKeFircKoro 3pHTe.i!i. A Ha CTpaHHuax ne’ia-rH o .Hhhg nncaan: «MoHyMenrajibHbift, BeAHiecTBeHHbift o&ihk JXiihu Hypnenco- Bofl 3aneHaTAencti b co3HaHHH KaK apnaftmee cBHaeTenbcrBO Mom- HOft AeflCTBeHHOCTH HapOAHOft My3blKaJlbHOfl TpaAHUHH. H hhto H3 noKa3aHHoro b ahh AeKaAH Oaecramero co3Be3Ana HapoAHwx raJiaHTOB He MoaceT hath b cpaBHeHHe c HCKyccTBOM BOCbMHAeCHTHAeTHefl yHCHHUU 3H3MeHtIT0r0 KypMaHra3bI. B03- AeftcTBHe ee HMnpoBioauHH hootp33Hmo, 3aBopawHBaiome. Bnp- Tyo3Hoe MacTepcTBo, AOCTHrayroe eio Ha AOMfipe, cpaHTacTHiHO. Karae TOAbKO npHeMU He npHMenaeT 3Ta ayAecHaa ncnoAHirrejib- hhh3, KaKHe ranbKo TeMCpbi ho H3BJieKaeT OHa H3 sroro CTapHH- Horo HHCTpyMeHTa! A om6pa He npHscaTa HerioABHJKHO k Tejiy, a B3JieTaeT BMecTe c pyxaMH,.B3ApaniBaer OAHospeMeHHo c nepe- 6opaMH H3yMHT&nbHbix naJibueB. Bojibuioh 3aji TauiKeHTCKoro onepHOro TeaTpa 6bui aanoAHeH 3ByxaMH crojib, Ka3ajiocb 6u, KaMepHoro HHCTpyMeHTa: bot CHJia HayMHTaubHono AapoBaHHa

A hhh, npoHHKiuero b caMbie TaiiHHKH flOMfiptr h 3acTaBHBmeixi ee 3ByqaTb c tbkou Bhipa3HT&nbHOCTbK>. Abtop mhofhx KioeB, nocBameHHhix paAocraoMy npco6pa30Ba- hiik) ee poflHHH h HanaaHeHHbix CTpacrabiM meBOM npotHB cm TbMbi, nocaniyBiuHX Ha co3HAaTCAbHbiB Tpya BejiHKoro opaTCTBa napoAOB, Jln u a HypneHCOBa TBop'iecKoe npouuioe cMUKaer c jkh3- HeHHWMH coKaMH uaniHx AHe8. He xoueTca h noA'iepKHBaib, KaK BajKHo, Kax iiyjKHo HCKyccTBo ilHHbi HypneHCOBoB, KaK Oepexcao ciieAyer nepeAaTb hochmuc era HcnoAHHTejibCKHe TpaAHUHH.HOBo- My nOKOJieHHK),-- h6o 3TO HBCTByeT H3 CaMOH Heo6xOABMOCTH oxpaHaTb h 6epeqb jiymiHe KyjibTypHue TpaAHUHH Bcex HapoAoa. A HCKyccTBo /Jhhu HypneHcoBoii othochtch k jiyqniHM o6pa3- naM 3THX TpaAHUHH* (sIlyTH p33BHTHH y36eKCKOfi My3bIKH. V3- 6eKCKaa My3biKa h 6 paTCKHe My3hniajibHbie KyabTypu*. CfiopraK CTaTeii. FocH3AaT «HcKyccrBO», JI.-M., 1946, CTp. 197.—198), B nocJieBoeHHbie toah /Inna HypnencoBa coiHHHJia pan KioeB Ha ooBpeMGHHyio coBercKyro xeMaTHKy. 3 to kwh «AoapKa>, «8-e MapTa*, «Jlo'iepaM Ka3axcTaHa», «repo8 TpyAa* h Apyrae. 8 MapTa 1951 roAa AHHe HypneHCOBOfi ncnojiHHJiocb AeBfflo- cto jieT. 3 tot AeHb 6bLn caMbiM paAOCTHHM b >KH3HH cTapefiinero KOMn03HTOpa-KIOHUIH. 03Hpaacb Ha npofiAeHHbifi nyTb, Anna b craTbe «AoqepHM Ka3axcTaHa» paccKa3HBaer: «AoJior h TpyAeH 6bui moB HCH3HeHHH0 nyTb. OrJiaAfcJBaacbHa- 3aA, a BcnoMHHaio cyAbCy mohx cecTep-Ka3anieK, hx paficKyio, ropecTHyio weiicKyio aojiio. Hx He cw rajm 3a JiiOAeB. «Myxin- Ha c ojiobsuihoh tojioboh h tot ueHHee, ueM HteHUUJHa c aoaoroS tojioboS*,— roBopnjiH b to BpcMa. C kojimco yKopoB, aacMenieK, nopHuauHH a BbiHecjia ToabKo 3a to, hto yqacrBOBaaa HapaBHe C MyJKHHHaMH B COCTH33HHHX AOM6pHCTOB. HeAapoM, BUAaBaa Mena saMy>K, moh OTeu KenSte cxaSM CB3T3M, >ITO B03bMeT 3a MeHH HeOblBaJIblg KaJIbIM. H K0TA3 0HB patrrepaHHo cnpocHJiH, aero » e oh xoaeT, OTeu OTBeran: Tpe- 6yio, HToSbi He asjih nojmyio bojiio h BnpeAb 3aHHMaTbca ee AOM6po8, neCHHMH, TBOpaeCTBOM*. rioMorao MHe h 3acTynHHiecTBO 3aMeqaTeJibHoro Ka3axa?oro KOMno3HTopa — Moero BejiHKoro yiHTejia KypMaHrp3bi. AeBaTH/ieTHeB AeBoqKofl a crana ero yqeHHue8, h b TeqeHae 10 Aer oh oSyqaji Mena cBoeMy qyAecHOMy macTepcTBy. H raK Be- ahko 6buio oCaaime hmchh KypManra3bi, hto -noah, yc-ibimaB, qio a ero yqeHHua, npoma-m MHe MuoatecTBo HapymeHHB o6uqaeB crapHHbi. CBoScTBeHHaa Ka3axaM AiofioBb k HCKyccTBy, K AOM6pe H necHe 3acTaBJisuia hx 3a6bmaTb, uto a 6ecnpaBHaa wemAHHa- BeriHKHfl pyccKHH HapoA, OKTaOpbCKaa peBOJiiowia, Cobm- caaa BJiacTb hoahhjih mo8 poaho8 Ka3axcraH k CBeTy h 3HaH®p. Cbo6oaho h paAOCTHo CTajio WHTbca Ka3axcKOMy HapOAy- H ^

pea Ka3aillKaMH OTKpUAHCb TaKHe BO3M01KH0CTH, O K3KHX HHKOraa paHbiue h He MeMraaocb. Moh BHyiKH ArwaH h BaawaH noayqaT Bbiciuee My3WKaabHoe oftpasoBaHHe. TojibKo b CoBercKoft CTpaHe a cMorna b nojiHofl Mepe nocBaTHTb ce6a aioCHMOMy TBopqecTBy. 3a6oTJiHBoe BHHMaiiue ko MHe aiofiHMoft Harneft napTHH h npa- BHTCJibcTBa aaeT MHe HOBbie cH.ibi. H h ciaciyiHBa, hto npoaoa- waio TBOpHTb, npOCJiaBJIHH CBOHMH KIO0HMH POAHHy, HaAle COAH- ue — KoMMyHHCTHqecKyio napinio. CeroAHH a caowHAa hobbim khd0 — cJIoqepaM Ka3axcraHa». 3roft necHeft a OTMenaro cToab 3HaMenaTeabHbift aaa MeHa aeHb 8 MapTa B 3TOM roay. TpyaHO BMpa3HTb CA0B3MH MbICaH H HyB- CTBa. IlycTb paccKaweT 06 3T0M AOM6p a!» (<TeaTpaabiiaa AaMa- Aia*. MapT, 1951 r.). Hynuift h BayMHHBbift xyao>KHHK, ZlHHa HypneacoBa nocroaH- ho coBepmeHCTBOoaaa CBoe MacrepcTBO, o6oramaaa aoMCpoBoe HcnoaHHTeabCTBo hobumh npaeMaMH, Koropue 6ujih BoenpHHara ee MHoroaHcaeHHbiMH yaeHHKaMH h BoiuaH b npaKTHKy opKeerpa HMCHK KypMaHra3H. yieHHKH /iHHbl HypneHCOBOft — aOMfipHCTU rH.ibMaH AabJKaHOB, PycTaMfieK OMapoB, AabMypaT YreryaoB h apyrne. 3a BbiaaiomHeca 3acayrH b aeae pa3BHTHH Ka3axcKoro My- 3UKaabHoro ncKyccTBa npaBHTeabCTBO CCCP Harpaauao napoa- Hyio aprHCTKy Ka3axcKoS CCP ZlHHy HypnenooBy asyMa opae- Hamh TpyaoBoro Kpacnoro 3HaMeHH h Meaaabio «3a aoO.necT- Huft Tpya b BeanKofl OreiecTBeHHofl Boffrie— 1941-1945 roaoB». 3aMe>iaTeabHhifl xyaojKHHK-naTpHOT, aKTHBHaa ynacTHHua CTpo- HTeabCTBa couHaaHCTHiecKoft My3biKaabHoft KyjibTypu, komiio3H- Top-KioMUJH JXhhb HypneacoBa cKOHaaaacb 31 HHBapa 1955 roaa b A.TMa-ATe, Ha 94 roay >kh3hh. CBeTaaa naMaTb o J lm e Hyp- neHcoBoft cbhto xpaHHTca b cepauax nauiero napoaa. 5aH3Koe yqacTHe b paOoTe h TBopaecKofi jkii3hh opxecTpa HMe- hh KypMaHra3H npHHHMaaa Bbiaaiomaaca neBHiia h o6mecTBeH- Haa aeaTejibHHua, HapoaHaa apTHcrsa Coma CCP KyJiaui Baft- ceHTOBa, TBOpqecKaa 6Horpa<j)Ha KOTopofl HepaspbiBHO CBa3aHa c pa3BHTHeM Ka3aXCKOH COBeTCKOii My3HKajlbHO0 KyabTypbl. 3aMeqaTeabHaa HcnoaHHTeabHHua K33axcKHx napoanux neceH h neceii HapoaoB CCCP, Kyaaim BaftceirroBa MHoro aer Bhicryna- aa b KOHuepTax a conpoBoxaeHHH Ka3axcKoro opKeerpa Hapoa- Hbix HHCTpyMeHTOB hm'. KypMaHra3bi, coaeflcTBya ero ycnexy. Ka3axcKaa Hapoanaa necHa, onepHbie npoH3BeaeHHa cobctckhx KOMno3HTOpoB HapHAy c pyccKoft onepHoft KaaccHKofl aBHaacb rriKoaofl, BocnHTaBineH Kyaarn BaflceHTOBy h onpeaeaHBUieft ee TBopqecKHft nyTb. • 129

KyjiHiu BaftceHTOBa poAHAacb b 1912 roay b ropoae BepHOM (AjiMa-Ara), b ceMbe canowHHKa. Kynani c aeTCTBa jnoOirjra Ka3axcKHe HapoAHHe necaH, a nor- fla eft HcnoJiHHJiocb TpHHaauaTb act, OHa Haiajia yrorbca b Anna- AthhckoH onhiTHO-noKa3aTenbHoii Ka3axcxoft uiKane. B 1928 roay OHa nocTyntuia b HHCTHTyT HapoAHoro npocBemeHHa, rxe ee yBJieKJia xyAOwecTBeHHaa caMOAesirejibHOCTb. Haaajio TBopnecxoft aohtcabHocth Kyjismi BaftceHTOBaii otho- chtch k TpHAuarbiM roAaM, KorAa OHa Ha'iajia paOoTaTbb Kaaax- ckom rocyAapcTBeHHOM ApaMaTHiecKOM TeaTpe. riepBHfi xyAOHiecTBeHHHfi o6pa3, c03AaHHwfi KyJiaiu Bafteea- TOBoft b Ka3axcKOM ApaMarH'iecKOM TeaTpe, 6u a o6aHTejibiiufi o6pa3 Ehjthk b My3biKaAbHO-ApaMaTHnecKoft nbece MyxTapa Ays- 30Ba «EHAHK-Ke6eK». KyAaui BaftceHTOBa cyMeaa apno otoG- pa3HTb HHCTyio h HeoKHyio AioCoBb AeByuiKH k Ke6eKy, ee CMe- Abift npoTecT npoTHB naTpHapxajibHo-cpeoAaAbHhix upaBOB. Mo- AOAaa apTHCTKa otahhiio cnpaBmiacb co caojkhoA connajibHoS pojlbio. B nocneAyioiune toau b KasaxcKOM TeaTpe ApaMu Kyaain BaftceHTOBa co3AaJia paA weHCKHx o6pa30B b nbecax KajaxcKHX coBeTCKHx ApaMaryproB. 1934 toa 03HaMeH0BBH b TBopnecicoft jkh3hh KyJiani Bafice- HToaoft KpynHbiM co6HTHeM. OceHbio 1934 roAa b pecnyfijmiie 6hji otkput TeaTp onepbi h 6aAeTa hmchh A<5aa. Bjiaro^apa cbohm CjieCTHIItHM BOKBAbllblM ABHHblM, 3KTepCKOMy MaCTepCTBy H BAOX- HOBeHHOMy TBopnecKOMy TpyAy Ky-aaiu BaftceHTOBa craaa on- Hoft H3 Aynumx coBpeMeHHbix neBHU, KpynHeftuiHM MacTepou xa- 3axcKoft onepHoft cueHiJ. BAOXHOBJieHHaa- ycnexoM, KyJiam BaftceHTOBa co3AaJia Tpora- TejibHbie nosTHHecKHe o6pa3H Kbi3->KH6eK (onepa «Khi3-)KH6eK» K0Mno3HTopa E. BpycHJioBCKoro), Xbahhih (onepa «>KaJi6Hp» E. BpycHJioBcKoro), AflMaH (onepa «AftMaH-lLIojinaH» E. Bpy- chaobckoto), Hepra3 (onepa «HeprH3» MaroMaeBa h TJiHspa), AKwyHyc (onepa «Ep-TaprbiH» E. EpycnnoBCKoro), AftniH'(.one­ pa «3ojioToe 3epHo» E. BpycHJioBcKoro), Caflpu (onepatfBap- ahh, aAra!» E. BpycHJioBcKoro), Capu (onepa «Bnp>KaH h Capa> M. TyAe6aeBa), Awap (onepa « A 6aft» A. JKySaHOBa h Xa- mhah), Mapo (onepa «JUhch» 3. I Ia-nHauiBHJiH) h HaxoHeti Mac- TepcKH BonAOTHAa saMeiaTeAbHuft o6pa3 pyccxoft weHiHHflbi — meAeBp MHpoBoft My3tJKaAbHoft ApaMaTyprHH — TaTbHHU. . ; Pncya o6pa3 TaTbHHu b onepe «EBreHHfi OHerHH* l\"I. MaftKOB- cKoro, KyAHin BaftceHTOBa cyMena coeAHHHTb tpbahahh pyccxoS KAaccnnecKoft BoKaAbHOft uikoah c HauHOHaAbHbiM CBoeoCpa^He* TeM6poBoro SByqauHH. B onepax <Kw3->KH6eK» h «JKaA6 bip> E. BpycHAOBCKoro Ky ahui BaftceHTOBa co3AaAa BOAiiytomHe o6pa3bi JKnSeK h XaflH- 130

MeHfl 3to oneHb nopaAOBajio. IIepeA BbicTyiuieuneM b KOHuepTe a nowyBCTBOBaJia, hto KyJiaui BaflceHTOBa BOJiHyeTcn. % eft cKa- 3ajia: « B u He BOAHyfirecb. 3aji Kawercn cahuikom CoAbiiiHM h C03- AaeTca BneHarJieHHe, hto 'jejiOBC'iecKHH roxoc He 6yAeT CAurneH, ho bw He cMymaflTecb h noftTe. ecTecTBeHHo h npoero, KaK bh oChhho Bceraa noere». BaflceHTOBa cnena npeKpacHO. Kohcjho, BOAHOBaAHCb BCe yHaCTHHKH KOHUepTa. HO KaK TOJIbKO ohh bmxo- ah.’ih Ha cueuy, to ycnoKaHBaAHCb h MacTepcKH hciioahhah cboh Tan 3aBsi3a.iacb cepAemiaa A p y «6 a pyccKHx h KasaxcKHX apTHCTOB, 06l»eflHHeHIIblX eAHIIblM CTpeMJieHHeM H JIloCoBbK) K pOAHOMy COBeTCKOMy HCKyCCTBy. 3a Bbiflaromnecsi ycnexH b aeJie pa3BHTHH Ka3axcKoro naiwo- Hajibnoro HckyccTBa KyAsmi BaflceHTOBoft BMecre c apyrHMH KopHcpeaMH ooBercKoro HCKyccTBa — OraHHCAaBCKHM, HeMHpoBH- HeM-AameHKO, KawaJiOBbiM, Mockbhhwm, HexcAaHOBoft, JIhtbh- HeHKo-BojibreMyT, BacaA3e, XopaBa nocranoiijicHHeM HeiiTpaAb- Horo HcnojiHHTeJibHoro KoMHTeTa CCCP ot 6 ceHTaSpa 1936 ro~ Aa 6u.no npHCBoeHO noHeraoe 3BaHHc HapoAHoft apTHCTKH CCCP. HapsAy c onepHo-HcnoAHHTeJibCKofl AeaTeAbHocrbio Kyjiaui c orpoMHbiM ycnexoM nacTO BbicTynaJia b KOHpepTax. KonuepTHaa AeaTejibHocTb npHBAeKaAa neBHuy npescAe Bcero TaM, rAe oHa cnocoCcTBOBaAa TecHOMy o6meHHio c MaccoBUM cjiyuiaTeJieM. EIo- 3T0My HanSoAbuiee KOAHiecTBo KOHuepTOB KyAsmi BaflceHTOBoft npHXOAHTca Ha ee mcepcKHe BHCTyxuieHHH b paConeit, kojixoshoh h bohhckoA ayAHTopHH, a TaiOKe Ha ‘racTpoxbHbie noe3AKH KaK b Harnefl pecny6AHKe, Ta« h no sceMy CoBeTCKOMy Coio3y. KyAsmi MHOroe cAeJiaaa aah uiHpOKoft nonyjiapH3anHH na3axcKoit Ha- poAHOii necHH, neceH HapoAOB CCCP, h noaroMy hmh apTHCTKH nOAb30BaA0Cb OTpOMHOfl nOnyAHpHOCTblO B IHHpOKHX HapOAHHX Maccax. B naMHTHbie roAu BeAHKOfl OTenecTBeHHOfi boAhh KyAsmi bh- e3*ajia c KOHuepTa’Mii Ha (j>poHT, rAe BhicTyna-na nepeA CofiuaMH h ocj)HnepaMH AeficTByioineft CoBeTCKoft ApMHH. y K. BaflceHTOBoft 6ma SoraTeftuiHfl necewibift penepTyap, Ha- cqHTbiBaBinHfl 6oJibiuoe KOAHHecTBo npoH3BeAeiiHii Ka3axcKofi, pyc- CKOft, yKpaHHCKOfl, apMHHCKOfl, SejIOpyCCKOft, AaTBHHCKoB, nOAb- ckoh, ahtobckoA My3biKH, a TaiOKe npoH3BeAOHHB pyccKHx H Ka- 3aXCKHX KOMnO3HT0p0B H OnepilOH KJiaCCHKH. KyAaui BaflceHTOBa BMecTe c •Ka3axcKHM opKecrpoM HapoA-- hmx HHCTpyMeiiTOB HMeHH KypMaHra3bi Bburrynajia c KOHUepTamh nepeA TpyAHiUHMHca Mockbh, JleHHHrpaAa, KyflGbmieBa, CapaTO- Ba, b 6paTCKHx pecnySAHKax — y36eKHcraHe, TaAWHKHCTaHe, TypKMeHHH, KnprH3nn, TaTapHH h mhothx Apyrax ropoAax h ce- jiax Harnefl BeanKofl Poahhn. KoHuepTU HapoAHofl apTHCTKH Coio*- 3a CCP KyAHiu BaftceHTOBofi h Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa npoxoAHAH

c <5;iecTHmHM ycnexoM, o qeM cBHAeTejibcrByioT MHoroMHcaenairt peueH3HH b naiiiefl neiarii. Kyjiflin BaftceHTOBa Cu.’ia oS-naAaTejibHHueft npenpacnororo- jioca, BbiflaiomerocH no cmie, KpacoTe h no TeM6py. Tcwiocee ot- AHaaAca pobhhm hsBnycinaoKaHHCHMTejhibCKMOHTeKMofatcT3eapfclyTmBoeBKHyoJftiarTnenrnaiaearjoml Bee 3th KanecTBa eft B03M03KH0CTB flOHecTH flo ayAHTopHH bcio KpacoTy h rjiyCtoHy necHH, apHMmm poMaHca. 3a ruiOAOTBopHyio onepHO-HcnanHHTenb- cKyio h KoimepTHyio AeaTejibHOCTb KyJiani BaftceHTOBa 6tuia flBaw- jjjji yaocToeiia 3b3hhh jiaypeaTa OraJiHHCKoft npcMHH. KyJiaui BaftceHTOBa Miioro act 6 ujia aenyiaTOM BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Ka3axcKoft CCP, a,enyraTOM AiiMa-ATHHCKoro ropaacKO- ro CoBeTa aenyTaTOB Tpyaamaxca. Bcio cbok) co3HaTeJibnyio >KH3Hb cJiaBiiaa flOMb Ka3axcicoro Ha- poiia nocBHTHJia aKTHBHoft TBopaecKoft h oOmecTBeHHoft fleareab- hocth Ha 6.1aro Poahhu. BuaaiomHHCfl BKjiaa b ae-io pa3BHTHH Ka3axcxoro. coBercxoro oBnaeftpcHeHoTroOBHofCtK6ycmcTmBabuhcoCkoo.iboiuneanaeHoSbmi encpTaBBeHHTHMabaCTBpOaM6.orOah3Ky6nusJiina HarpaxcaeHa opaenoM JleiiHua, opaeHOM TpyaoBoro KpacHoro 3HaMeH« h MeaajiHMH. KyJisnn BaftceHTOBa 6e3BpeMeHHO ynijia ot Hac b HioHe 1957 roaa b pacuseTe TBopiecKHx chji, b momcht, xoraa MysbixaabHafl Kyjibxypa CoBeTCKoro Ka3axcTaHa nepejKHBaaa hobuB hoamm. KyjiHrn He aowHaa ao Bropoft aenaabi xa3axcKoro coBeTCKbro hc- KyccTBa, b noaroTOBKe KOTopofi OHa AeaTejibHO yiacTBOBaaa. CBeTJiaa naMarb o BuaaiouieftcH Ka3axcxoft onepHofl neBune Kynaui BaftceHTOBoft, Koropyto jlwaM6yji jho6obho npo3Baa <Co- jioBbeM Ka3axcKoft 3eMJiH», 6yaeT xcHTb b cepauax Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa, Bcex TpyAaumxca naiueft pecnyfijiHKH. ZIomCphct yaxan' KaSnrowHH poarnica b 1904 rony b ayJie J'fe 24, HhiHe HjKaHrajiHHCKoro paftoHa, 3anaaHO-Ka3axcraa(*o0 o6jiac™. CeMba Ka6nro>KHHbix atfi.na 6eano, u ACTCKHe rofla eto 6ujih OMpaieHbi ropeM h Hywaoft. Hrpe Ha flOM6pe yaxan Ka- Chidwhh yqajica y ToraftOaa, npoao/iwaiejia c-iaBHbix TpafliiuBfi 3H3MeHHTOrO HapOAHOTO KIOHUIH HKOMn03HTOpH KypMa«ra3bl, tTO He Morao He noBJinarb Ha MaHepy Hrpbi MOJioaoro Ka6nroxHHa. yaxan yHacjieAOBan ot cBoero yaHTeaa paa HapoaHfaix KioeB. . C 1918 roaa y. KaOHrowiiH pa6oTaji Ha pufiHbix npoMHcxax b AcTpaxaHH h H3 roaa b roa nonojmaa cboA He6anbuioft penetwr- ap. B cBoGoAHoe ot pa6or BpeMa oh Hrpaa Ha ao«6pe — 3« hoh b npoKonqeHHoft ahmom H36yuiKe, a jictom — Ha 6epery Kacmtf- CKoro Mopa cpeAH puOaKOB.

TaK 3a aochtkh .ieT 3aKpenHJiHCb b naMsiTH 3Toro 3aMeMaT&nb- Horo KioftiuH HapoAHbie necHH h kioh, HcnojiHeHHe kotopux Bno- cJieflCTBHH npHHeciio y. KafiHrosKHHy CAaBy nepBOKJiaccHoro aom- 6pncTa. B 1934 roay KioftoiH KafiHroJKHH — yaacraHK nepsoro BceKa- 3axcTaHCKoro cjiexa aeaTeaefl HapoAHoro HcxyccTBa. Ha pecnyC- jiHKaHCKOM caeTe oh MacTepCKH HcnojiHsin kioS -tCapbi-Apna* KypMaHra3hi, KapoAHufi Kioft «IIIaAKUMa» h apyrne. Oh 6hoi npe- MHpOB3H H 3aiHCJieH BO BHOBb OpraHH30BaHHblil HaUHOHaJIbHblft opnecTp hm6hh KaaLIMKa. 3a BpeMH CBoeft paSoTbt b opnecTpe Ka6arowHH cooCiuhji paa HapoAHbix KioeB h cTaa oahhm H3 Beaymax apracTOB KoaaeKTHBa. B OKT«6pe 1939 roaa apTHCT yaxan Ka6HrowHH yaacTBOBaa Ha BcecoKWHOM CMOTpe HcnoAHHxeaefl Ha HapoAHbix KHcrpyMeHrax b MocKBe h 6bia npeMHpoBaH noxBaabHoft rpaMOTOfl. B penepTyape Ka<5nro>KHHa HacaHTHBaaocb cbuiuc nsn-HAeca- th KioeB KypMaHra3bi, /layaeTKepea, MaMeHa, Typnema, AjiHKea, Typuna. O h oSaaaaa BHpTyo3HbiM TajiaHTOM h apKofl apracTHHe- CKofl OAapeHHOCTbio. Hrpa yaxana Ka6nro>KHHa OTAHiajiacb Bbir COKHM MaCTepCTBOM. Be3yK0pH3HeHH0 OTTOHeHHaH TeXHHKa, KPH- CTajuibHaa incTora hhtoh3uhh, TeMnepaMeHTHocrb b HcnojweHHH 135

MeJiOAfMecKofi 4>pa3H, cBo6oaa uiTpHxa, ToiHOCTb h qeinocn pHTMa, KpaCHBblH My3HKaAbHhlft 3ByK-- COCraBJISUlH AOCTOBHCTBa ero Hrpbi Ha AOM0pe. Ka6Hro>KHH KaK HcnoAHureAb-KioftuiH yMeJi pacKpbiBaib b cbo- eft HHTepnperau.HH iioaahhho BAOxHOBeHHbie anuiecKHe hah akph- HecKHe cropoiibi HpaflpaoAKHab3iaxxKciKooefBt ,ATOyMKCppoaBcOoTftyMhy3nUpKeHn.ecrb, KOTopue TaK xapaKtepiibi B 1936 roay 3a rwioAOTBopHyio HcnoAHHreAbcKyio AeaTeJibHocni b opKecrpe hmghh Ka3liHKa Yaxany Ka6nro)KHHy 6hjio npH- CBoeHO 3Banne 3acAy5KeHHoro apTHCTa Ka3axcKoft CCP. Y. Ka6Hro3KHH cKoiwajicsi 5 hiohh 1942 roAa b AjiMa-Aie b pacuseTe TBopuecKHx cha. CpeAH aom6phctob CTapuiero iioKOAeHHa 3aMeTiio Bbtn&nxncx Hayuia ByKeftxaiiOB. Oh poahach b 1874 roAy b ayjie lllyHrafl, CbiBiuero YpAHHCKoro paftona, 3anaAHO-Ka3axcTaHCKOfi ofiaacTH. Oreu Haymii 6ma xoponiHM AOMdpHCTOM. C iohwx Aer Hayma poc CpeAH HapoAHbix My3MKaHTOB. riepBwe My3biKaAbHbie BneiaTAeHHa MaAbiHKa po>KAaAHcb ot HapoAHHX «TapTbicoB» Ha BeiepHHKax h CBaAbSax, rAe BucrynaAii CHAbHeftUJHe KfOftulH. y^HTeAHMH HayEIH 6bIAH H3BeCTHbie AOMCpHCTH AAHKeft, Ca- AaBaT, no3We Typwn. lOiruft My3UKaHT nepeHsui ot Typuna kioS JlayAeTKepea «JKHrep», ot CaAaBara «Koubip aAa» Aabkch h mho- ro Apyrax KioeB. iioMOpHCTH AAHKeft, CaAasaT, Typwn 6wah HOCHTeAflMH tpa- AHUHii JlayAeTKepea. Hayuia BOcnpuHUA hx ot cbohx ywreAefi a COXpaHHA B HenpHKOCHOBGHHOCTH BIUIOTb AO IiaiUerO BpeMeHH. B ABaAUaTb AeT Hayuia ByKeftxaHOB ywe CTaHOBHTcaKpynHeS- uihm MacTepoM, nepeuaB ot cbohx ynwreAeft h coBpoMeiiHHKOB fiOAbUIOe KOAHHeCTBO HapOAHHX KioeB. B 1957 rouy b ayAe IUyHraft, YpAHHCKoro paftoHa, Hayuia BnepBbie BcrpeTHAca c BWAaiouHiMca 3iiaTOKOM Ka3axcKoro my- 3UKaAbHoro (poAbKnopa A. B. 3aTaeBHueM. 06 sroft Bcrpeae A. B. 3aTaeBHM ynoMHHaeT b cbocm c6opHHKe «500 neceH-KioeB Ka3axcKoro HapoAa*. «Haynia ByKeftxaHOB,— nmneT oh,— HeBucoxoro pocTa, ce- AeiowHfl 6aohahh, Aer 50, c 6oAee TaTapcKHM, qeM Ka3axcKHM CKA8A0M AHIia. MurKHft, cnOKOftHWft H ACAHKHTHblft qeAOBeK, OT KOToporo TaK h BeeT Ao6poAyuiHeM. no-pyccKH 3HaeT HecKOAbKO CAOB, H oObUCHHACH A C HHM npH HOCpeACTBe eiX) B3pOCAOrO CWH8, HHTeAAHreHTa, Hayqaiomero b AcrpaxaHH MeAHUHHy h rocTHBnie- ro y oraa b to BpeMn, Koiyia h a npoBOAHA necKOAbKO AHefi b hx CKpOMHOM, HO TOCTeilpHHMHOM AOMHKe, HCABAeKO OT CT3HAHH 136

CTapeHOIHft AOM(5pHCT ODKCCTpa H. ByKCiixaHOB IllyHraft, AcTpaxancKoft jKejie3iioft jioporn (Hayma ByKeftxaHOB >khbgt oceajio h Ha JieTHee KO'ieBbe He BweswaeT) A. B. 3aTaeBHM 3annca.i or Hayuin MHo»ecrBO 3aMeiaTeJib- hhx KioeB, b tom MHCJie «>Knrep», «KepwibMe» JJayJieTKepea; «A n aA », «KHceH-auiKaH» KypMaHra3bi; «JXeMajibic», «Bafta<yMa» AjiHKea; «OpTna», «>KaKHH» Typbina;- «MycHpajiH-Kioft», «Kapa- ?KaH» MycHpaJiH; «TapTbic-Kiofl», «TepHCKaKnafi», «ZI>KyMa6cK». 0 6 HcnoJiHHTanbCKOM macTepcTBe h Hrpe Hayuin A. B. 3aTa- eBHH aaJiee nmuer: «B pe3yjibTaTe npuBOAHMbie mhoio b HacTOa- iucm cfiopHHKe kioh Hayuin, Miie ^yMaerca, AocTaTO'iHo xapaKTe- pH3yiOT 3Ha'lHTeabHOCTb, MaCTepCTBO My3UKajIbHyiO OCBeAOM- jieiiiiocTb ctoJib 3aMeHarejibHoro HapoAHoro xyao>KHHKa. Hayma b rpoMaanoM 6ojibiUHHCTBe cJiyiaeB yaHBJiaeT CJiyuiarejieft ne-1 1 3aTaeBiiv A. B *500 xa3axcKiix neceH u KiofieB*, Ajisia-ATa, 1931, CTp. 137

o6HKH0BeHH0K) MHrKocTbio nepeAasH h e^aroaymHbiM cnoKofi- CTBHeM*. C 1930 no 1933 i-oau Hayma ByKeflxaHOB paOoTa/i b cobxo- 3ax CraJiHurpaACKoft h CapaTOBCKoft ofijiacTefi. Oh HeoAHOKpaTHO npHHHMaji y'lacme b pafioHHux h oOjiacTHUx cMOTpax xynoweci- BeHHofi caMOAeHT&nbHOCTH. B HioHe 1934 roAa oh BucTynaa Ha nepBOM BceKa3axcraHCK0M cjiere AesTeAeS napoAHOro Hcxyc- CTBa, 6biJi npeMHpoBaH a 6bin ocraBACH Ha pa6ore b K33axcK0M opKecrpe hmchh KasUHKa. B penepTyape Hayma 6hao okojio era KioeB HapoAHbix kom- n03HTOp0B, AaI01U,HX AOCTaTOHHhlH MaTepHajI, BTo6h yCTaHOBHTb HHAHBHAyaAbHue ocoOemiocTH h TBopqecKHfl oOjihk HapOAiiord KIOHUIH. 3 TOT rpOMaAHUif MaTepHajI OH XpaHHA B naMHTH. r.iySoKoe CBoeo6pa3He apracraHecKoft HHAHBHAyaAbHOcra Ha- yum ByKeiixaiiOBa oco6eiiHo apKO npoaBAHAOCb s H3yMHTejibH0 msstkoh MaHcpe Hrpu. Oh yBjieKaji cAyuiaTeaeS HCKpeimefi B3B0A- HOBaHHOCTblO, HpKHMH nOSTHieCKHMH 06pa3aMH, HaneBHOCTbK) H KpacoTofl neBynero Tona. HayUia 6bLH BHpTy030M H BAOXHOBeHHHM H03T0M SByKOB. Hayma BynefixaHOB 6wji He TOJibKo HcnoAHHTeAeM KioeB, ho h 1caM cohhhha My3UKaAbHne nbeebi aah AOMfipu. H3 ero npo- H3BeA6HHH xopomo H3Becrabi «T oakuh» (1935 toa), «}KaHa-3aH» (1936 roA), «ripomaHHe» (1936 toa). Hayma yaep b 1944 roay npn3HaHHbiM MacTepoM Ka3axcKoft My3hiKajibnofi KyAbTypbi. TeMHpCeK AxMeTOB hbahacb oahhm H3 AyaniHx aomCphctob b KOAJieKTHBe opKecrpa. Oh poahacb b 1919 roAy b noceAKe Hah, H ahhckoto paiioHa, Aa»a-ATHHCKofl odnacTH, b ceMbe canoxt- HHKa. HrpaTb Ha AOM6pe oh HayaHAca or CBoero ah ah, Koropbifi TaiQKe CblA OTAHHIIhlM nesnoM. «nepBbi/i pa3yyeHHH8 mhoio HapoAHuS mo8 «Amcy» (Jle- 6eAb»),— BcnoMHHaA BnocAeACTBHH TeMHp6eK,— npoH3BeA Ha ne- hh 6oAbmoe xyAOwecTBenHoe BneqaTAeiiHe, pa36yAHA HHTepec K My3biKe h AioCoBb k AOMfipe. H lacro HrpaA stot kio8, Aewa Ha 6epery MyTHofl peKH H ah a nocMaTpHBaa b rojiy6yio AaAb — He AeTHT AH Ae6eAH...» KorAa TeMHp6eKy HcnoAHHAOCb ceMHaAUaTb AeT, oh nocty- HHA B HahAcKhS paftOHHHfl KOAX03IIO-COBX03HbCfi TeaTp. B 1936 roAy OH COHHHHA HeCKOAbKO KioeB AAH AOMfipbl, B TOM HHCAe «IIIepHHH3», «TepHCKaKna8» h «)KeTHM-6aAa»... Xoth nocAeAHHS kwh h HasBaH «JKerHM-6aAa», hto ooHaaaeT sMaAbHHK-CHpoTa*, b HeM Her neccHMHCTHaecKoro TOHa h rpycra. HanpoTHB, bch nbeca BUAep>KaHa b pobhom pHTMe, HMeeT Ha- npaaeHHbia a boacboS xapaKTep. 06maft TOHyc Kioa — npanoA* hhtuh, CBeTAbiH. MaAbiHK-CHpoTa, yBepeHHO has no mHpoKoB AO-

3acjjyi«cmibifi apmcr KaaCCP AOMtSpHCT T. A x me t o B. pore, BHXOilHT K paflOCTHOfi H CiaCTJIHBOH JKH3HH-- TSKOBO CO- aepwaHHe nbecu. B cenTaOpe 1937 roaa T. A xmctob 6hji 3ainaneH b hhcjio aoMOpHcroB opKecrpa HMeHH Ka3lI,HKa, rae oh c fiojibiuHM co- BepuieHCTBOM beji napTHK) aoMCpu-npHMu. 3a o6pa3UOByio pa6oTy b opnecrpe HgpoaHhix HHCTpyMeHTOB T. Axmctob b 1947 roay 6hiJi yaocroeH noaeTHOro 3B3hhh — 3a- cyiyjKeHHoro apracTa Ka3axcKofl CCP. TeMHpOeK Axmctob yMep b 1952 roay b pacuBeTe CBoero 3a- MeaaTeJibHoro aapoBaHHH. Cbi6bi3ruiH HcxaK BajineB poaonca b 1902 roay b KasiTa- jiobckom pafloHe, 3anaAHo-Ka3axCTaHCKofi oSaaorH, b ceMbe 6ea- CeMbH BajiH BHMeHOBa cocTOiuia H3 aeBHTH-aecHTH aeaoBeK, 1S9

cBoero xo3HHCTBa He 6biao, h OTuy npHxoaHaocb CaTpaqHTb y CpeflH CHHOBefi BaaH Henan OTAHaaacH 03opHHM U BMecTe c TeM HacTOHMHBbiM xapaKTepoM. Oh flpyjKHjr c MaJibTOKaMH-nacry- xaMH, jiio6hji neTb h cayuian> My3UKy. Bojibuiyio poab b pa3BHTHH My3hiKajibHHX crxocoGHOCTefi Gyaymero My3HnanTa curpaa ero oreu, Baah Bhmchob — oh Hrpaa Ha cu6H3rbi h Gha yneHHKOM Ha- poAHoro My3HKaiiTa CapMaan. Hrpe Ha cbiGu3rbi Henan yanacs y CBoero OTiia, a nocae ero CMepTH 3TOMy TpyflHOMy HCKyccTBy Moaoaoro My3unaHTa oGyna- jm apyrHe HapoaHbie My3bwaHTH. B 1934 roay H. BaaneB Bucrynaa Ha Bcena3axcTaHcnoM cae- Te aeaTeaefi Hapoanux HcayccTB, rae HcnoaHHa Ha cu6bi3ru pan aHpHiecKHX neceH h kiocb. Ha caeTe oh Gwa npeMHposaH h oc- TaBaeH b HamionaabiiOM opKecTpe hmchh Ka3liHKa. B OKTHfipe 1939 roaa Henan ynacrBOBaa bo BcecoK>3HOMcmoi-

pe HcncviHHTe'ieft Ha napoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTax b MocKBe h 6uji HarpawAeH no^eTHofl rpaMOTOii. Bo BpeMH BejiiiKoii QreiecTBeHHOft boiihlj HapoAHufi My3bucaHT H. BajiHCB c opyjKHeM b pyscax caMooTBepxceHHO 3amnrnaji Co- BeTCKyK) PoflHHy. 3a xpa6pocn> h repoftcTBO GbiJi HarpawAeH op- ABH3MH BoeBoro KpacHoro 3naMeHH, Kpacnofi 3Be3flbi h Me- Aajibio «3 a OTBary*. 17 MapTa 1944 roAa b oahom H3 6oeB c rnrjiepoBCKHMH <|>a- LUHCTaMH coBeTCKHfl cHaftnep H. Ba-rmeB naA CMep-rbio xpaGpux h noxopoHeH Ha 6paTCKOM kahaOhuic lOJKHee AepeBHH PaxHOBa, HapHCCKoro paftOHa, K;ijihhhhckoh oG-nacra.

r jt a e a VI KA3AXCKHE HAPOflH blE HHCTPyMEHTbl flo BejiHKoii OicraSpbOKOfi coimajiHCTmeoKO'S peBoniouHH na- aaxcKoe My3UKajibnoe MCKyCCTBo a HapoAHue My3uxajihHHe hh- CTpyMeHTH HayiajiHCh cpaBHHTejibwo Majio, aa. H caMo irayaeHHe hx hochjio cjiyqaflHbift xapaKTep. CHCTeManwecKoe HCcne^oBaHHe b 3anHCb napoflHOfl My3HKH, raynewHe h yooBepineatcTBOBaHHe xa- 3aXCKHX My3UKa.’IbHUX HHCTpyMeHTOB CTajlH B03MOJKHMMH TOjlbKO b coBeTCKoe upe.MH. B KaaaxcKoM mapone GbiTyioT My3UKajibHue KMCTpyMeirru— flOMGpa, ko6u3, cbiObisrbi, maacKoObw, cupaail, a rancace oxor- hhwK y.aapHHS HHcrpyMeHT*— Aayjma3. ripowcxoiKji.eHHe KaaaoccKHx wapoAHux My3UKaabHtJX BHcrpy- MOHTOB OTHOOHTCa « rjiyGOKQit ApeiBMOCTH. 03naKOMBMca BKpaine c onncaKHeM noAJnnMhix napoAHUX BHCTpyMdHTOB, C HX yCTpOHCTBOM, flHanaSOHOM H OCHOSHHMH IipH- eMBMH Hrpbl. HamGcwiee pacnpocrpanetramm h jiioShmum MyauKajibMHM bh- crpyMeHTOM cpeAH Ka3axcnoro Hapoaa aBJiaerca AOMGpa. Kopnyc AOMOpu Gbrnaer rpymeBHAHoft h TpexyroAbHofi. 4I0P' mu, BUAOJiCaeH H3 aepesa a noKpuT flexoft. Crpyuu HaTsmynj hm aahhhhm rpM<J)OM c Jia«aMH. floMGpa HMeer ABe xowibHue crpy- hu. HacTpaHBaerca « a KBHHTy « KBapTy. JIoM6pa — HHCTpyMeHT mmiKOBUfl: naabuaMH -leBOH pyKH npHWHMaiOT CTpyHu, a sByKH H3 aero H3BjienaioTcsr mmnooM hjih yaapoM KHCTH no crpywaiM, cJierKa coiwyTUM yKa3aTanbHUM naab- ueM npH cboGoahom h GbicrpoM ABHJKeHHH B38A h Bnepea. Haoraa crpyau nepefiapaioTca. HasHaaemHe AOMSpu — HenojiHXTb mob, conpoBoamaTb neaae hah pHTMHaecKyio noannieoKyio peab. M2

XCOMSpa COCTOHT M3 TpeX OCHOB- Hbix vacrefi: 1) Kopnyca, 2) rpn<}>a h 3) rojroBKH aah npHKpenaemiH koji- B Ka3axcraHe AOM<5pu BCTpeiaior- ca b *Byx BHAax: 3anaAHO-Ka3axcraH- ckbh h BOCTO'iHO-Ka3axcraHCKaa. OTAHHHe 3THX AByX BHAOB AOMfip 3aKJHOMaerca b pa3Mepax rpH<pa h ko- .niMecTBe jiaAOB. Ha 3anaAe Ka3axcTana AOMCpbi BCTpeMaTOTCH C. AAHHMhlM rpHfjjOM, a KOAHieCTBO JT3AOB AOXOAHT AO ABe- HaAUaTH-qerbipHaAnanH. BbiAaiomHMHca HcnoAHHTensiMH kio- eB h necew 3anaAHoro Kaaaxcrana 6hah: KypMaHraaM Carupfiae®, Zlay- JterKepeu HIiiraeB, Ceftrex Opa3aAHH, A mHa Hypnewccnja, Hayina Byxefixa- hob, Yaxan Ka6HrojK»H, Kajm >Kan- TAeyoB, MyxHT MepaAHeB, a Taioxe JlyxnaH MyxHTOB, rapwjjyjina Kyp- MaHraAHBB m Mworne Apyrae. Ha BocroKe Ka3axcTaHa aomCph BCTpe^aiOTca ccmh-asbmth abaob, rpi«}) AoMtSpa 3anannoro Ka3ax- Kopone H TOAOie, AByXCTpyHHble, HO cTaHa, pa60Thi MacTepa >Ky- Bcrpe'iaiOTCH h TpexcTpymibie. Kopny­ uaKana (6biBiu>iflypaHHCKHft ca rpexyroAbHbie h HeTbipexyiwibHbie. rpoaafylo.a)O, OHm3PaOaTaOnQn,luCHaaHbHC1T9p2y2- BbiAaioiUHCca HcnoanKTejiH kiocb MeHTa — 98cm, a m Ha rpmja h neceH Ha BocroKe Ka3axcTaHa—>Ka- —59 cm, AnnHa Kopnyca— siy-Myca, TamiMGer, AaftpaSaii, Ampe 39 cm, AnaMCTp Kopnyca 38 cm. KominecToo nanoB— 14 KauiayOaeB, AOhkch XaceHOB, a hh- (MacrepcKaa K. KacbiMoaa). He — MaiiapOex EpxaHOB, ^Kycyn6ex EAeCexoB h Apyrne. PoACTBeHHbie HHCTpyMeHTH AOMfipbi — pyccKaa CajianaftKa, KHprH3CKHfi KHHK, 3aKaBKa3CKHH Tap, CS3, rpy3HHCKH<i HHHrypH H Apyrne. OAHHM H3 paCnpOCTpaiieHHblX K33aXCKHX CTpyHHO-CMbIHKOBUX My3bIKaAbHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB SJBJlflQTCH Ko6bI3. Ha3bIBaeTCH 9T0T HlICTpyMeHT CMbHIKOBHM nOTOMy, HTO 3ByK H3 Hero H3BAeKaeTCH, xaK m Ha cKpHnice,— nocpeACTBOM cMbrexa. Ko6bi3 coctoht H3Tpex ocHOBHbix nacTeft: 1) Kopnyca, 2) rneft- kh, 3) roAOBKH aah npHKpemieHHsi kojikob. Kopnyc AO-iejieHbiH, c H3orayTbiM rpncjjOM, no 4>opMe KOBmeoCpasHbift. Jinn pe30Hanca BepxuaH Aexa riOKpuBaeTca BepfiAiowbea Kowefi. Ko6u3 HMeeT noAcraBKy, Aoe BOJiocHHue CTpyHU, KOTopbie npaxpenjiaioTCH k

KOJiKaM. BbicoKO HaraHyTHe cTpyHH npn HawaTHH Ka hhx He ao- CTaior rpHtpa a maaKn 3ByK MsrKoro orreiiKa. Crpofi KBaproBuJ HJIH KBHHTOBhlii MajIOH OKTaBbl. HeKoraa ko6h3 Hcnojib30BajicH b pHTyajihHbix uejiax uiaMa- h3mh h QiiaxapaM« — GanctJ. LUaMaHCKaa My3NKa, pe3Kaa, CKop6- Haa, c lary'iHM mothbom, cjiyjKH-ia cpeacrBOM 3anyrHBaHHa iia- pOAHux Macc, Tan nan noa ee aKKOMnaneMeHT maManu njiaeaiM,, coBepmaa paryajibHue oSpaau. Hapoaitbiii HcnoiiHHTejib Ha Ko6bi3e Hxaac JXayum 3naiH- TCJibHo pa3BHJi rexHHKy nrpbi Ha 3tom HHcrpyMeHTe h -aanaercl aBTopoM paaa KioeB. Oijih’ihljmh Ko6H3HcraMH abjihiotch JKan- nac KaJiaiuCaeB, Zlayaer MuKruCaeB, ryjibHa<})Hc Baa3HTOBa h MHorne apyrae. PoacrBeHHbie HiicrpyMenTbi KC>6bI3a — y36eKCKH0, Ta£JKHKCKH0, TypKMeHCKHH h yftrypcKHfi — rbiawaK, KHpr«3CKH0— KOMyc, 3a-

K a B K a 3 C K H H ----- KeMaH'ia, SCTOHCKHft-----XHfiyKaHHeJIb, JiaTblUICKHfl— Aura h Apyrne.. CpeAH K33aXCKHX HapOAH&IX HHCTpyMeHTOB eCTb H AyXOBOfl HHCTpyMeHT — CbtCblSPbl. Cw6bi3rbi noAoSHa (JweftTe. 3ByK H3BAeKaerca nocpeAcraoM BAyBaHHH crpyH B03Ayxa. Cu6bi3rbi, xaK h <Jvie.fith, HMeeT tjiopMy UHAHHApH'iecKoii Tpy6bi h H3roTOBAHeTcs H3 Aepena, Kypaa HAH Merajuia. Coctoht H3 Tpex qacTefi: toaobkh, cpeAHefi h HH*HeS lacra. H a cpeAHefi h HHJKHefi aacrax cufibrarbi pacnanoHceHN He- CKcuibKO 3ByKOBbix oTBepcTHfi. TeM6p cwCbrarbi 06jianaer KpacH- / BbIM H CBCTAbIM OTTeHKOM. 145

Hapofliibie HcnojiHHTeHH Ha Chi6bi3rhi— CapManH,-Hcxait Ba- jiiieu h Apyrae. H3roTOBJieHa H3 MeTajuia, HMeer oaho areepcrae b cpeaiieii h leThipe b HHHCiieft sacra. OSi>eM m u nepBofi OKxanu h ah stopob OKTaBbt. 3ByK AHaTOHHIOCKHft. ayayK,POACTBeHHbie HHCTpyMeHTM cu0bl3ru — y36eKCKHft B'aft, 33KaB- Ka3CKiie 3ypHa h t. a . Kpo.vic BbmieyKa3aHHhix HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB, pacnpocr- paHeHbi h Apyme: cwpiiaii (rapMOHb), 3aTeM CKpHima. Meaee pacnpocTpaHeH micTpyMenT uiaHKo6bi3 h yuapHbiii HHCTpyMeHx- Aayrrna3, noAofiHMii 6apa6aHy. HapoAHbie HcnojiHHTejiH na HiicTpyMeHTe cbipHae— JKaay-My- ca, Maiipa, KeHen A3ep6aeB, Aaipe KamayCaeB h Miionie Apyrae, 146

HHCTPyMEHTbl OPKECTPA BbiAaiouiHCCH TBopqecKHe ycnexa 3aMeqaTeAbHoro hoioahh- T&UbCKOrO KOJIJ1GKTHB3, K3KHM CnpaBeAAHBO CqHTaeTCH OpKeCTp HM6HH KypMaHra3hl, 6b]AH 6 bl HeB03MO>KHbI, eeJIH 6b] OAHOBpe- MeHHo c ero opranH3auHC0 He npeAnpHHHMaAHCb cepbe3Hbie ycH- aaa a n a toro, hto6 u peKOHcrpyapoBarb h yn ya m m b Ka3axcK»e HapoAHbie HHCjpyMeiiTbi. 3Ta 6ojibiuaa h OTBeTCTBeHHaa aaAana 6buia B03JioHtena iia Hay>iHO-HccJieAOBaTejibCKH& Ka6nHeT h My- 3biKajibno-3KcncpHMCHTa.'ibnyio MacTepcKyio npn Aam3-Athhckom My3biKajibHo-ApaMaTHMecKOM TexHHKyMe, rAe noA pyKOBOACTBOM A. K- JKy6aHOBa pa6oTa.au KOMno3HTop E. BpycHAOBCKHfi, aom6- pHCT JI. MyxHTOB, MacTepa MysHKaAbHUx HHcrpyMeHTOB 6parba B. H. h 3. M. PoMaHeHKo. C nOMOLUblO H npH ApyJKHOfl IIOAACpJKKe Bcero KOJIJieKTHBa My3biKaAbHbie MacTepa ywe b 1934 roAy h3totobhaH nepBbie 3K- 3eMIIAapbl HOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB (AOM6pbI-npHMbI, A0M6pbI-TeH0- pa h AoM6pbi-6Lacbi), KOropue h 3ajio>kHJiH ocHOBy coBpeMCHiioro ancaMfijia Ka3axcKoro HauHonajibHoro opnecTpa. B to w e BpeMa 6paTba PoMaHeHKo ycHJieHHo paCoiajm naA H3T0T0BACHneM yjiyq- weHHbix bhaob Ko6bi3a h c.bi6bi3rbi, a Tamice AOM6pu-KOHTpa6aca h yAapHoro HHCrpyMeHTa — AayAna3a. C 1936 roAa HaA peKoHCTpyKimeft My3UKajibHbix HHCTpyxieH- tob Haqa.i pa6oTan> MacTep KaMap KacuMOB, C hkdjisi 1937 ro­ Aa HM 6blA H3TOTOBJieH H p «A pa3HOBHAHOCTeft K06bl3OB-- 3TO K06b!3-6ac H K06b!3-K0HTpa6aC H AyXOBOfi HHCTpyMeHT Cbl6H3rbI, BCKope BBeAOHHbie b cocraB opKecrpa. ripoAoJUKaa HeyTOMHMyKD 3KcnepHMeHTajibHyro pa6oTy, My3w- KajibHbie MacTepa b AaAbHefimeM 33MeTH0 yjiy>miHJiH KaqecrBO HOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB, yCHAHAH HX 3ByqH0CTb, a B 1938 ro a y H3- totobhah HOBue BapHaHTu cMHqKOBHx HHCTpyMeHTOB. K. Kacti- MOBHM 6bUI H3rOTOBAeH K06bl3 C rpH<J)0M H a.TbTOBbie Ko6bI3bI C rpn<{>o,vi. Tax noCTeneHHo poc h ofioramaAca hobumh HHCTpyMeH- T3MH nepBhifi Ka3axcKHft HauHona.abHbiii opKecTp. B HacToam.ee BpeMa oh BKjno'iaeT b ce6a TpH rpynnbi HHCTpyMeHTOB: crpyHHO- CMbiqKOByio ( ko6w3, Ko6bi3-ajibT, Ko6bi3-6ac h Ko6u3-KOHTpa6ac); CTpyHHO-iHHnKOByio (AOM6pa-T.eHop, AOM6pa-nHKKo.no, A°M6pa- npHMa, AOM6pa-6ac, AOM6pa-KOHTpa6ac) h rpynny yAapHbix HH­ CTpyMeHTOB (Aayjina3, ymaaK). AoM6pa-TeHop — sto odbiwaa urapoKo pacnpocrpaHe»Haa napoAnaa AOMSpa h aanaeTca oohobihhm mcrpyMeiiTOm crpywHO- mnnwioBoro ceMeflcrBa. BwaaiomHecH napoaHhie KOMnosirropH h A0M6pHCTbI n0Ab30BajIHCb 3THM THJTOM 'HHCTpyMOHTa. AoM6pa-Tenop HMeeT ABe jKHAbHHe CTpyHU oAHHaKOBO® toa- mHHbi. A o ycoBepuieifCTBOBaHHa crpofi AOM<3pbi-TeHopa 6h a ne- onpeAeAOHHHM no BHCore, xoth HHCTpyMeHT a HaCTpaHBaAca b 147

KBapTy HJIH KBHHTy. C MOMeHTa BNXO.ua HapOAIIblX HHCTpyMeilTOB Ha KOHitepTnyro acrpa^y see oini npno6pcTatOT Go.aee bucokhh CTpOfl H TOHHO 3a'(j>!ERCHi|>OB3!101UH jlHan330H. IlOCJie peKOHCIpyK- latH AOM6pa-TeHop itMeer xpoMara'iecKHii 3&ynopHA « a npoTHwe- KHHAByX OKTaB. B HacToam.ee ®pewi AOMOpa-Teiiop iHacrpanBaercH b KBapry: pe — COAb Majioii OKTaBN. HoTHpyeTCH B CKpHTHIUHOM WHOHe, 3ByinTOKTaBofi HHJKe HanHcaHHoro. OOumii ofrbeM HHCTpyMeHTa— ot pe Majiofi OKraiibi ;lo pe BTopoft OKTaBN. OcHOBiiwe iHTpHXH— TpeMOJIO, IlimUHKaTO (o603HaMaeTCH 3H3K0M BHH3 H BBepx)Jie- raTO (o6o3Ha>iaeTCH o6meii JiHroii h HcnojiHneTCH TpeMOJio). B03- Moxiiio, o6uhho rjisi aKKOMnaneMeHTa, oAuoBpeMeiiHo HcnoJiHeHHe AByX 3ByKOB Ha paCCTOHHHH TepUHH, KBapTU, KBHHTU H HHOTAB C6KCTN. 148