ຄະນິດສາດ_Math

c[[IPo 7toyflkf ry,muj3I’ry, Eastern Printing Public Co.Ltd 51/29 Moo 3 Soi Saimsamakee -Aoxt4q,lbdlk xumu $ Wiphawadee Rangsit Road Talad Bangkhen Laksi Bangkok 10210 8k, ]m[ W)!r8!_W#@WW_ 9eo;ory, !*$ WWW sq; 0t\\kf !) V @& -, lts’;o]y0tlyf

c[[IPo -Aoxt4q,lbdlk 7toyflkf 4 3 ÷2 3 5 6 9 10 V@ 6 10 12 18 20 36 V# 3 6 9 12 15 ÷ 3 12345 1 8k8t]k’sq;\\j;p;afcmdgoNvmuj G d,@ I,@ fd,@ ,@ f,@ -,@ ,,@ km2 hm2 dam2 m2 dm2 cm2 mm2 50000 001 3500000 2900 5 m2 = 50 000 cm2 ; 1 dm2 = 0, 01 m2 ; 3,5 km2 = 3 500 000 m2 ; 29 cm2 = 2 900 mm2. dt-;’lbdlkmydko shk,0kp lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk @WW_



c[[IPo 7toyflkf -Aoxt4q,xumu $ IP[IP’3fp G lu,5’75o ;q’9exkXlD;Dl? s5,rao xD lts;affuXlD;Dl? oD 76o;yw] g7ody8yladX3I’IPoxt4q,lq,[6o mq’j dk’? oD 7elyiyr6w- fkikXlbdlkg,nv’w-g-f4k? oD cr’lu ,tsk.9X3I’IPoxt4q,lq,[6o lu;yw]? d;fcdh3fp G cv39h vkfzkl5dXlD;Dl? 9ao r6olts;af Xmuxj bdlk?D c8h,I6[3fp G mv’fe mv’lyoXlD;Dl? g0Qk|hk3fp G 0aodk[ rq’v5fq,XlD;Dl? d;f c]t .sh7egsao3fp G ;aow- o=]tcl’ Xl6oIa[xtdao75ootrk[dkolbdlk?D [q;;ao cdh;fk]k Xdq,dkolbdlkovd3I’IPo?D dt-;’lbdlkmydko lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk ;P’9ao @WW_



lk]t[ko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ |hk [qfmu !G dkovkj o c]t dko0Po9eo;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD * [qfmu @G dko0Po9eo;ofh;pde]a’0v’ !WDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !W [qfmu #G g8adoyddko[;dD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !@ [qfmu $G g8adoyddko[;dX8+?D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !$ [qfmu &G dko]q[D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !) [qfmu *G g8adoyddko]q[D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD @W [qfmu (G dko76oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD @$ [qfmu )G g8adoyddko76oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD @* [qfmu _G dkoc[’j xaoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #W [qfmu !WG dkoskoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #@ [qfmu !!G dkoskoX8+?D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #$ [qfmu !@G d;f7nozqoskoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #* [qfmu !#G dko0v[0Aogrnvj -vdsk9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqoskoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #) [qfmu !$G dkorq;raodko76o c]t dkoskoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD $W [qfmu !&G m;o7nodko[;dF dko]q[F dko76oF c]t dkoskoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD $@ [qfmu !*G ]efa[.odkocdhg]dmujgxaoc4;D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD $* [qfmu !(G dkooe.-h[aomaf c]t [aomaflkdD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD $) [qfmu !)G 8e]k9eo;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD &W [qfmu !_G I6[c[[8kj ’M.odkoltg|u0=h,6oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD &@ [qfmu @WG I6[c[[8jk’M.odkoltg|u0=h,6o X8+?D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD &$

[qfmu @!G dkooe.-h;q’;PoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD &* ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu @@G dkoc8h,I6[7noD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD *W [qfmu @#G dkoxP[mP[9eo;oF dko0v[0AoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD *@ [qfmu @$G dko-vdI6h0v[g0f c]t mu,j k0v’0=h,6oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ** [qfmu @&G [aosk,u7e8v[fP;F ,us^kp7e8v[ s^n [+,u7e8v[D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD *) [qfmu @*G dko-a’j ,;olkoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD (W [qfmu @(G I6[c[[8kj ’M.odkoltcf’dik2ydD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD (@ [qfmu @)G 8k8t]k’9eo;o c]t dik2ydD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ($ [qfmu @_G dkoltcf’8e]k9eo;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD () [qfmu #WG 75o]adltot0v’8e]k9eo;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD )@ [qfmu #!G dko-vdI6hI6[.o|hkrP’D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD )$ [qfmu #@G dko-vdg7nvj ’,ngrnvj cdhg]d39f[aoskD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD )) [qfmu ##G 37’Ijk’ c]t 0Ao8vodkocdh39f[aoskD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD _@ [qfmu #$G dko;yg7kt7e39f c]t dkocdh39f[aoskD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD _* [qfmu #&G dko;afcmd];’pk;D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !WW [qfmu #*G dko;afcmd];’pk; X8+?D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !W@ [qfmu #(G g]dlj;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !W$ [qfmu #)G g]dl;j oly[D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !W* [qfmu #_G g]dlj;oIhvpD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !W) [qfmu $WG g]dl;j oraoD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !!W [qfmu $!G ]efa[9eo;omqfltoypq,D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !!@ [qfmu $@G dkolhk’I6[.odk’sk;D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !!$ [qfmu $#G I6[c[0v’I6[dhvos^kp|hkD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !!*

[qfmu $$G 9eo;omqfltoypq, c]t dko;afcmdD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !@W ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu $&G 9eo;omqfltoypq, c]t dko;afcmd];’pk;D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !@@ [qfmu $*G I6[c[[8kj ’M.odko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !@* [qfmu $(G dko[;d9eo;omqfltoypq,D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !#W [qfmu $)G dko]q[9eo;omqfltoypq,D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !#@ [qfmu $_G dko76o9eo;omqfltoypq,da[9eo;o4h;oD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !#$ [qfmu &WG m;o7nodPj ;da[9eo;omqfltoypq,D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !#* [qfmu &!G ];’Iv[D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !$W [qfmu &@G goNvmujD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !$@ [qfmu &#G sq;|j;p;afcmdgoNvmujD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !$* [qfmu &$G lt4kotdkomugj xaovaf8kl;j orq;rao DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !$) [qfmu &&G dkocdhlt4kotdkomujgxaovaf8kl;j orq;raoDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD!&@ [qfmu &*G g;]k D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !&$ [qfmu &(G w]ptg;]kD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !&* [qfmu &)G dkodeoqfmu8j A’.o8k|jk’D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !&) [qfmu &_G dkog7yj’7nD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !*W [qfmu *WG dkog7nvj ophkpD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !*@ [qfmu *!G m;o7noD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD !**

[qfmu 1 dkovjko c]t dko0Po9eo;o I. dyf9tdeD 81267 92845 600011 !D 9q’j vjko9eo;o8+wxoUG 354 7012 983 8975 46428 85603 987320 @D 9qj’0Po9eo;o8+wxouhgxao8q;g]dD lk,Ihvplulj y[cxf sqdIhvpgdqhkly[luj ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ shkraosqdIhvplk, lk,ly[cxfraolv’Ihvplujly[ shk\\noj sqdraog9afIhvp gdqhkly[gvafrao |b’j clolv’\\noj lk,rao lk,Ihvplulj y[gvafrao|b’j Ihvply[gvaf lv’Ihvply[lurj aogdqhkIhvpluj |b’j ]hko|b’j \\noj lv’raocxfIhvpgdqhkly[ #D 9qj’0Po9eo;o8+wxouhgxao8q;|a’lnD 5302 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 8004 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 9700 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 7841 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 36006 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 9053 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 24605 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 45023 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 69017 : . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ$D 9qj’xP[mP[9eo;o]5,j oU3fp.-hg7nvj ’\\kp > ; < ; = . 400 + 60 + 3 . . . . . . . . . . ( 4 V100 ) + ( 6V10 ) + 3 400 + 30 + 6 . . . . . . . . . . ( 100V4 ) + ( 10V3 ) + 6 5000 + 300 + 40 + 2 . . . . ( 1000V5 ) + ( 100V3 ) + ( 10 x 4)+2 7491 . . . . . . . (7V1000 ) + ( 9V100) + (4V10 ) +1 92637 . . . . . (9 V 10 000)+ (2 V 1000 ) + (3V100) + (6V10)+7 &D 9q’j 9af]Po9eo;o]5,j ouhD 254 ; 125 ; 362 ; 452 ; 524 ; 623 ; 1428; 4812 ; 8124 ; 9251 ; 5219 ; 2915. { c8|j hvpsks^kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { c8sj ^kpsk|hvp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . *D 9q’j 8n,j 9eo;omugj \\ktlq,.lj[jvo9Eg,afD 3251= ( 3V1000 ) + ( 2V100 ) + ( 5V10 ) +1 5463 = ( 5 V. . . . . ) + ( 4 V . . . . ) + ( 6 V. . . . . . ) +. . . . . 9872 = ( 9 x . . . . . ) + ( 8 x . . . . .) + ( 7 x . . . . .) + . . . . . . 27458 = ( 2 V. . . . . ) + ( 7 V. . . . . ) + ( 4 V. . . . . . ) + ( 5 V. . . . . . ) + . . . . . 32749 = ( 3 V. . . . . ) + ( 2 V . . . . ) + ( 7 V . . . . . ) + ( 4 V. . . . . . ) + . . . . . 7

(D 9q’j la’gdfg]d3m]tla[mujmhk;7ecr’9qfw;h16j8k8t]k’]j5,oUG ]efa[ gInvo0v’ g]d3m]tla[ !D ok’ 9ao $* !& *_ @D ok’ 7e $! @_ (@ #D ok’ lvo #! $! @@ $D mhk; o;o @! (# *$ &D mhk; cf’ $! #* (@ *D mhk; ]u $! @) _W (D ok’ rvo #! @_ (@ )D ok’ xu #! $! !! _D mhk; dy @! &* @W !WD mhk; fe @! $_ W$ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ  i9qj’7yfw]gj ]d]5j,oUc]h;0Po-nj7qomujdq’da[g]d3m]tla[D (4V100 000)+ (6V10 000) + (1V1000) + (5V100) + (6V10) + 9 (3V100 000)+ (1V10 000) + (4V1000) + (1V100) + (2V10) + 2 (3V100 000)+ (1V10 000) + (4V1000) + (1V100) + (1V10) + 1 (2V100 000)+ (1V10 000) + (7V1000) + (3V100) + (6x10) + 4 (2V100 000)+ (1V10 000) + (4V1000) + (9V100) + 4 II. .97;k,D .odko0Po c]t vjko9eo;ogIqk7;oxt8y[affa’j oU G !D 7jk8q;g]dc8j]t8q;0Boda[muj8A’0v’,ao 8q;1kj ’ G )_( S ) ,u7kj )WW S _ ,u7jk _W S ( ,u7jk ( )_( vkj o;kj G cxfIhvpgdQkly[g9af 8

@D s^adc8j]ts^ad,u7jks^kpd;jk!W gmnjv0v’s^admuj16js^5f4af,ao Xpqdg;Aos^adsq;|j;p?D V !W V !W V !W V !W V !W V !W 1 000 000 100 000 10 000 1 000 100 10 1 sq;|;j p sq;Ihvp sq;ly[ sq;|;j p sq;Ihvp sq;ly[ sq; 0v’]hko 0v’rao X ]hko ? Xclo? 0v’rao 0v’rao |j;p X\\noj ? #D 9eo;o.f|b’j ,us^kpI6[c[[dko0PoD 8q;1kj ’ G 62795 = ( 6V10 000 ) + ( 2V1000 ) + ( 7V100 ) + ( 9V10 ) + 5 *@(_& Xsqdly[lv’raog9afIhvpgdQkly[shk? s^n Xsqd\\noj lv’raog9afIhvpgdQkly[shk? ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’vjko c]t 0Po9eo;o]5j,oUgxao8q;|a’lnD 5 417 851 2 749 ; 5 862 ; 43 250 ; 325 725 ; @D 9qj’0Po[vd7kj 0v’8q;g]dc8j]t8q;mu0j Boda[mu8j A’0v’,aoD 52 376 ; 792 364 ; 5 246 541 #D 9q’j 9af]Po9eo;o]5j,oUc8j|hvpsks^kpD 5847 ; 7584. 2 649 ; 2 469 ; 4269 ; 6942 ; $D 9qj’8nj,9eo;omujg\\ktlq,.lj[vj o9Eg,afD 59 846 = (5 V . . . ) + (9 V . . . ) + (8 V . . . ) + (4 V . . . ) + . . . 82 120 = (8 V . . . ) + (2 V . . . ) + (1 V . . . ) + (2 V . . . ) + . . . 9

2[qfmu dko0Po9eo;ofh;pde]a’0v’ !W I. dyf9tdeD mhk; cf’F ok’ rvoF mhk; 7eF ok’ cdh; c]t mhk; lvo s^Yogd,dko c]dxjPofaj’oU G ! lu0P;xPj owfh !W lu2hk ! lu2hkxPj owfh !W lu[q; ! lu[q;xPj owfh !W lugs^nv’ c8j]t7qowfhfaj’oUG -nj lu0P; lu2hk lu[q; lugs^nv’ mhk; cf’ & $# @ ok’ rvo $ _( & mhk; 7e __ ( ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ok’ cdh; @ __ ! mhk; lvo )_ _ i 9q’j xjPozqowfhIa[0v’c8]j t7qogxaolugs^nv’D 8q;1kj ’ G mhk; cf’ &$#@ i 0Pogxaode]a’0v’ !W 5432 = 5000 + 400 + 30 + 2 = 5.103 + 4.102 + 3.10 + 2 II. .97;k,D vkj o;jk G ly[de]a’luj $ gvUo;kj 8q;de]a’D !D 14!44W24443 V !W V !W V !W = !W$ ! gmnvj 1 4 44 2 4 44 3 1 4 4@4gm2njv 4 44 3 # gmnvj 1 4 44 2 4 44 3 $ gmnvj 10

@D gryjo,ad.-hg]dde]a’ grnjv0Po9eo;os^kpg-aoj G !WF !WWF ! WWWF !W WWWF !WW WWWF !WWW WWWD !WW WWW !W WWW ! WWW !WW !W !WV!WV!WV!WV!W !WV!WV!WV!W !WV!WV!W !WV!W !W !W& !W$ !W# !W@ !W! la’gdfgsao;kj j 8j q;de]a’j j gmqkj da[9eo;o8q;g]d W Xl6o?D #D 9eo;o @W) #@W lk,kf0Powfhfa’j oU G 208 320 = (2V100 000 ) + ( 8V1 000 ) + ( 3V100 ) + ( 2V 10 ) s^n 208 320 = (2V105 ) + ( 8V103 ) + ( 3V102 ) + ( 2V101 ) III. [qfg/ydsafD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D 9qj’0Pogxaog]dde]a’0v’ !WD 8q;1kj ’ G !W V !W = !W@ dD !WV!WV!WV!W = . . . . . 0D !WV!WV!WV!WV!WV!W = . . . . . @D 9q’j 7yfw]jg]d]5,j oU G dD X *V!W$? T X &V!W#? T X #V!W@? T X @V!W? T ( = . . . . . 0D X @V!W$? T X #V!W#? T X @V!W@? T X *V!W? T & = . . . . . #D 9qj’0Po9eo;o]5,j oUgxaog]dde]a’D dD $@@&# = X $V!W$? T X @V!W#? T X @V!W@? T X &V!W? T # 0D _*)$ =............................ 7D @#$&W =............................ CD &!(*) =............................ 9D _@*#( =............................ 11

[qfmu 3 g8adoyddko[;d I. dyf9tdeD 0D !@W T )W T #* = . . . . CD $& T && T @# = . . . . !D 9qj’7yfw]g]d]5,j oU G dD @) T !@ T (& = . . . . 7D @_ T (! T !* = . . . . @D 9qj’8nj,8q;g]d.l[j jvo9Eg,afD 0D #) T !* T * dD !) T @( T & @W ( #$ $ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ DDD DDD DDD DDD DDD #D 9qj’[;dg]d]5,j oU G DDD dD 4 + 7 = . . . 0D 4 + 6 = . . . 30 + 70 = . . . 300 + 700 = . . . 40 + 60 = . . . 3000 + 7000 = . . . 400 + 600 = . . . 4000 + 6000 = . . . $D 9q’j xP[mP[3fp.lgj 7nvj ’\\kp > ; < ; = .l[j jvo9Eg,afD dD !(& T !@* T ##$ T !& D D D D D X !(& T !& ? T X!@* T ##$ ? 0D #() T !@ T $& T & D D D D D D D D X #() T !@ ? T X$& T & ? T * 7D &$! T @_ T *@ T !) D D D D D D D X&$! T @_ ? T X *@ T ) ? 12

II. .97;k,D dko[;dg]d.shw;,us^kp;ymu G !D gIaf.shzqo[;dgxao @D cpd9eo;o|bj’vvd #D 9af9eo;ogxao76j !WF @WF D D D F!WW grnjv.shzqo[;dgxao grnjv.shwfhzqo[;dgxao 8q;1jk’G ! T _ = !W !WF @WF D D D F!WW !WF @WF D D D F!WW @ T ) = !W # T ( = !W 8q;1kj ’G 8q;1kj ’G $ T * = !W & T & = !W (T) !1(44T42&144T4444#32T44!4&3 T ) = (T#T& @W T @W T ) = $) !W T & !& ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’8nj,8q;g]d.l[j vj o9Eg,afD dD !$ T @# T #* T @( T !& = X !$ T #* ? T X D D D T D D D ? T !& = 0D * T ) T ( T $ T # = X D D D T D D D ? T X D D D T D D D ? T D D D = 7D @# T !( T !* T @$ T & = X D D D T D D D ? T X D D D T D D D ? T D D D = CD #& T @# T !& T !( T ) = X D D D T D D D ? T X D D D T D D D ? T D D D = @D 9q’j 7yfw]gj ]d]5,j oU G 360 + 640 = . . . 4235 + 3375 = . . . 528 + 460 = . . . ; 7685 + 2409 = . . . 476 + 467 = . . . ; 1782 + 3426 = . . . ; #D xudkpoU]5’[q;7e gda[dkg2wfh !*&W dd F xuoU]k;gda[wfhs^kpd;jkxudkp @&W ddD 4k,;kj xuoU]5’[q;7e gda[dkg2wfh9addy3]dik,D 13

[qfmu 4 g8adoyddko[;d X8+? I. dyf9tdeD !D oadIPo & 7qo s^Yogd,dkoc]dxjPofaj’ouh G !W s^ c]dwfh ! [ S !W [ c]dwfh ! 2 S !W 2 c]dwfh ! 0 g0qkg9qhkrkdaos^uho # Iv[D 9q’j 7yfw]7j tcoo];,0v’c8]j t7qo c]h;9af]efa[mu.lj8k8t]k’ -noj adIPo Iv[mu ! Iv[mu @ Iv[mu # 7tcoo ]efa[mu ];, mD [q;]u 0 0 02 222 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ oD ,uok 2 2 2 [ [ [ [ s^ s^ #(&& [ s^ s^ s^ 0 0 0 022 22[ 2 2 s^ s^ s^ s^ [ s^ s^ mDmv’lk 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 [ [ 2 [ s^ [ [ s^ s^ s^ s^ oD ,k]k 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 [ [ [ s^ [ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ oD 7ecr’ 0 0 2 0 2 [ 0 2 [ 2 [ s^ [ s^ s^ [ s^ s^ 14

@D 9qj’la’gdf0aho8vo0v’dko[;dg]dc]h;7yfw]j0=h8=jwxD 0Ao8vomu ! 0Ao8vomu @ 0Ao8vomu # 2 4! 3 2! 4! 3 2! 4 3 + + + 1 79 179 179 2 22 422 # [;d _ gmqkj !@ ! [;d $ [;d ( gmqjk !@ ! [;d @ [;d ! gmqjk $ 0Po $ .ljs^adsq;Ihvp 0Po @ .ljs^adsq;|j;p 0Po @ .ljs^adsq;ly[ 9nj ! ly[ 9nj ! Ihvp + 5 6 + 2 3 4 + 6145 + 8 46 2 3 2 4 5 3 3651 53 7 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 4135 5287 6428 + + + 5 54 6 4 35 4 2 38 4 6639 7235 8639 + + + 3473 1475 1283 II. .97;k,D sq;Ihvp sq;ly[ sq;|;j p { dko[;dg]dgIqk8hv’0Po + *! (! $ .sh8q;g]dc8j]ts^ad16j4aofP;dao &_ { gIqk[;ds^adsq;|;j pdvj o9kdoAo @ 9b’j [;ds^adsq;ly[F [;ds^adsq;Ihvp ## c]t s^ad8+MwxD _ 8q;1jk’ G *($ T @&_ 15

{ 4hkzqo[;dc8j]ts^adskds^kpd;kj s^n gmqjkda[ !W 8hv’wfh9njD { 8q;g]dmu9j nj8hv’[;d.lsj ^ad4afwxX g[Nv’-hkp ?D III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d.l8j k8t]k’D 0 00 002 00 2 00 2 02 2 222 222 2[ [ 222 [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ [ [ s^ s^ s^ 3423 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9qj’0Po[afc]dxjPo.lj8k8t]k’D 6531 7845 7961 8064 9653 0000 0 02 222 2 [[[ s^ 16

#D 9q’j 7yfw]cj ]h;0Po8n,j .lj.o .sh4nd8hv’D 2435 + 10 + 20 + 30 +100 + 80 + 40 + 50 $D 9q’j 7yfw]Dj 5472 6543 7461 + + + 428 + 2748 3468 1659 6757 256 5824 + + 2464 4683 7675 + 2378 + 1846 3849 7231 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ + 6863 + 5683 3179 &D g9Qk16.j o;q’,qo\\kpg]d 12 D 9q’j -vdskglAomk’vvd3fpg]yj,9kd;q’ ,qo\\kpg]d 12 g0Qkwxsk]Jvd\\kpg]d @ g;]kzjko]Jvd.f[;dg]d 0v’ ]JvdoAog0Qk8n,j xt8y[af.omeov’fP; daooUwxg]nhvpM9qozqo[;d0v’g]d8k, 12 2 3 12 7 glAomk’muzj kj owxoAogmqkj 48 D 92 33 { 9qj’0ufglAomk’gfuomujg9Qkwfhzkj owxD 24 24 5 2 10 2 48 17

[qfmu 5 dko]q[ I. dyf9tdeD !D 9q’j la’gdfI6[lafc]h;8v[7e4k,]5,j oUD Cq;dtmy’ v6f d;k’ -hk’ 388 kg 271 kg 61 kg 2 082 kg ly’ \\u cIf glnv 71 kg 183 kg 1 108 kg 88 kgສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 9q’j -vdsk7kj s^5f]noj ]ts;kj ’oE|ad0v’ Cq;dtmy’ c]t v6fS d;k’ c]t ly’ S -hk’ c]t cIf S \\u c]t glnvD @D dvj ow0xIu PoF 13j6 I’IPoxt4,q cs’j |’jb ,uxB,vkj o-tofy 8kj ’M &$*W s;q D rkps’^a g0Qk3I’IPoc]h; oadIPowfh1n,wxvjko @*!) sq;D 4k,;kj xB,vjkopa’gs^nv9adsq;L #D 9qj’0Po9eo;o8nj,.lj[vj o9Eg,afD 86 . . . . . . ... ... . . . 255 144 244 31444244431 4 44 2 4 44 31444244431 4 44 2 4 44 3144424443 + 4 + 10 +90 + 10 + 50 + 5 = 169 255 _ 86 = 169 18

II. .97;k,D grnvj ltf;d.odko]q[g]dgIqkoe.-hg8adoydfaj’]5j,oU G 8q;1kj ’ G 183 _ 88 = 95 88 90 100 180 183 144424443144424443 1 4 44 2 4 44 3 144424443 +2 +10 + 80 +3 = 95 III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’8n,j 9eo;omujg\\ktlq,.l.j o8k8t]k’]5j,oUD d 0 d{0 d 0 d{0 52 25 12 10 45 18 14 26 60 14 34 18 100 51 18 42 60 36 15 85 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.lj[vj o9Eg,afD 92 100 110 210 230 238 144424443144424443 1 4 44 2 4 44 3 1 4442 4443144424443 +... +... + . . . + . . . + . . . = 146 238 _ 92 = 146 43 50 100 200 220 227 144424443 1 4 442 4 44 3 1 4 44 2+. . . 4 44 3 1 4 4+42. . .444 3144+42.44.4.3 +7 +... 227 _ 43 = . . . . . . #D ok’ lq,rvo ,ug’yo #W WWW du[D ]k;9t-NglNv|bj’38]k7k !* WWW du[S gdu[ 2v’oE|bj’76j]k7k !@ WWW du[S dtgxqk|bj’|j;p]k7k !# &WW du[D 4k,;jk g’yo0v’]k;[+r=gmqkj .f L 19

[qfmu 6 g8adoyddko]q[ I. dyf9tdeD !D 9q’j 7yfw]j3fpoe.-hg8adoyd]5,j oUD dD gvqk8q;8A’]q[F ]q[vvd8q;]q[3fpg]u,j 8Qoc8js^ads^kpl5f wxsks^ad|hvpl5fD 8q;1jk’ G 357 _ 215 = 375 _ 200 _ 10 _ 5 = 142 68 _ 32 316 _ 214 78 _ 36 428 _ 127 99 _ 55 569 _ 427 86 _ 64 646 _ 533 54 _ 42 757 _ 325 0D gIaf.shsq;|;j p0v’8q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[,u7kj gmqkj daoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8q;1jk’ G 243 _ 35 = ( 243 _ 33 ) _ 2 = 210 _ 2 = 208 65 _ 48 314 _ 216 72 _ 36 224 _ 147 226 _ 117 346 _ 279 125 _ 37 594 _ 347 322 _ 314 655 _ 496 7D gIaf.sh8q;8A’]q[ gxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 532 _ 526 8q;1jk’ G 75 _ 27 = ( 70 _ 27 ) + 5 = 43 + 5 = 48 478 _ 316 488 _ 218 58 _ 23 562 _ 168 72 _ 26 569 _ 116 89 _ 27 69 _ 34 56 _ 26 20

CD gruj, s^n s^5f8q;]q[.shgxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 8q;1jk’ G 275 _ 58 = ( 275 _ 60 ) + 2 = 215 + 2 = 217 73 _ 68 108 _ 91 93 _ 68 379 _ 358 65 _ 59 385 _ 272 363 _ 279 264 _ 103 476 _ 388 416 _ 219 @D 9q’j 7yfw]3j fpoe.-hs^addko]5j,oU G [;d9eo;ofP;.l8j q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[ 8q;1kj ’ G _ 7 2 8 +3 _ 7 3 1 +10 _ 741 400 387 +3 390 +10 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 341 341 341 629 _ 293 976 _ 477 824 _ 378 951 _ 876 II. .97;k,D .odko]q[g]d,us^kpg8adoydg-ajo G { gvqk8q;8A’]q[F ]q[vvd8q;]q[3fpg]uj,8Qoc8js^ads^kpl5fwxsks^ad|hvpl5fD 8q;1jk’ G 57 _ 35 = 57 _ 30 _ 5 = 22 { gIaf.shsq;|;j p0v’8q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[gmqjkdaoD 8q;1kj ’ G 82 _ 47 = ( 82 _ 42 ) _ 5 = 35 21

{ gIaf.sh9eo;o]q[gxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 8q;1kj ’ G 95 _ 36 = ( 90 _ 36 ) + 5 = 59 { gru,j s^n s^5f 8q;]q[.shgxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 8q;1kj ’ G 100 _ 91 = ( 100 _ 90 ) _ 1 = 9 96 _ 88 = ( 96 _ 90 ) + 2 = 8 { [;d9eo;ofP;.lj8q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[D 8q;1jk’ G _ 86 +8 _ 9 4 72 +8 8 0 14 14 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9q’j gvqk8q;8A’]q[F ]q[ vvd8q;]q[ 3fpg]uj,8Qoc8js^ads^kpl5fwxsks^ad|hvpl5fD 88 _ 32 ; 669 _ 226 ; 486 _ 242 ; 564 _ 121 ; 529 _ 137 ; 379 _ 124 . @D 9q’j 7yfw]3j fpgIaf.shsq;|;j p0v’8q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[gmqjkdaoD 585 _ 218 ; 353 _ 145 ; 976 _ 475 ; 336 _ 145 ; 715 _ 623 ; 286 _ 144 . 22

#D 9qj’7yfw]j3fpgIaf.sh8q;8A’]q[gxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 99 _ 33 ; 346 _ 245 ; 155 _ 122 ; 715 _ 328 . 592 _ 137 ; 583 _ 218 ; $D 9q’j 7yfw]3j fpgruj, s^n s^5f8q;]q[.shgxao9eo;o4h;oly[D 156 _ 49 ; 274 _ 68 ; 567 _ 88 ; 398 _ 92 . 456 _ 42 ; 748 _ 11 ; &D 9qj’7yfw]3j fp[;d9eo;ofP;dao.l8j q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[D _7 9 4 _ 546 _ 666 382 374 444ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ *D 9qj’0Po9eo;oc8j ! sk !$ .l.j o;q’,qom5dvao3fp[+.sh-Edao c]t .shzqo[;d c8j]tc4;gmqkj #W 2 14 6 4 7 12 3 5 23

[qfmu 7 dko76o I. dyf9tdeD !D xhk [5o,u gIafrk0;ao[klu .o’ko[5oxu.\\j ]k;gvqkdhkorhk;Ihvpfvd9exk faj’oU G { dhkomuj,u !W fvd 9eo;o !$ dhko { dhkomu,j u ) fvd 9eo;o !* dhko { dhkomuj,u ( fvd 9eo;o @W dhko { dhkomuj,u & fvd 9eo;o ) dhko 4k,;jkfvd9exk16.j ork0;ao,uma’\\qf9adfvd L @D 9q’j 7yfw]lj t4kotdko8jk’M mucj dhfh;pdko76o]5,j oU G • 9q’j -vdsk9eo;o • 9q’j -vdsk9eo;o • 9q’j -vdsk]k7k ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8kdk3i fvdw,hma’\\qf g0Qk|q, &WW du[ + &WW du[ + &WW du[ + &WW du[ D D D du[ 20 + 20 + 20 + 20 = . . . 6 +. . .+. . .+. . . = 24 4 V . . . = . . . du[ 500 V . . . = . . . du[ 20 V 4 = 4 V 20 =. . . 4 V . . . = 6 V . . . = 24 #D 9q’j 0Po9eo;o8+wxoU rkp.8hs^kpI6[c[[dko76oD 8q;1jk’ G * V $ = @$F ) V # = @$ s^n !@ V @ = @$ !) S #* S (@ S !WW S !$W D 24

II. .97;k,D dko76oc,jodko[;d-E9eo;ofP;s^kpgmnvj D 8q;1jk’ G @ T @ T @ = * s^n @ V # = * 9eo;o.f|b’j lk,kf0Porkp.8hs^kpI6[c[[0v’dko76oD 8q;1kj ’ G #* = $ V _ s^n * V * = #* III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’la’gdfg[yj’8q;1kj ’ c]h;0Pozqo76o8+wxoUgxaoI6[c[[dko[;dD 8q;1kj ’ G @ V $ = @ T @ T @ T @ s^n $ T $ D )V&S _V@S @V@S *V(S #V&S $V&D @D 9q’j 0Po9eo;o8+wxoUrkp.8hs^kpI6[c[[dko76oD 8q;1jk’ G !@ = * V @ s^n #V$ !& S @W S #@ S $W D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ #D 9qj’oa[g[y’j 9eo;o8kdk3i.oI6[ 0 c]h;0Pogxaos^kpI6[c[[dko76ofaj’ 8q;1jk’ XI6[ d ? G * V !W = * V X $ T * ?= X * V $ ? T X * V * ? dD 0D $D 9qj’7yfw]jzqo76o8+wxoU3fp[+.sh8A’[A’g]dD dD ) V @ S !W V @ S @& V @ S !# V @D 0D ( V $ S !$ V $ S !# V $ S @& V $D 7D * V ) S !W V ) S !@ V ) S @& V )D 25

[qfmu 8 g8adoyddko76o I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’la’gdf;ymu76og]dc[[8jk’M c]h;0Po8nj,.l[j vj o9Eg,afD dD #@& V !$ = . . . #WW @W & 3250 ... !W 3 000 200 50 4550 $ 1 200 ... ... ... ... 4 200 0D #@& V !$ = #@& V X !W T $ ? ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ = X #@& V !W ? T X#@& V $ ? ... ... ... 7D #@& #@& #@& V !$ V !$ V !$ @W )W !#WW !#WW !@WW #@& &W #@&W DDDD @WW #WWW DDDD )W$ V #! S DDDDD @&)# V !! D @D 9qj’7yfw]gj ]d76o]5j,oUD @&@ V !@ S *@( V @$ S _*# V ## S !&$! V $@ S 26

#D 9q’j la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;xt8y[af0=h8+wxD 8q;1kj ’G &$ V @ = &$ T &$ = &$ T &W T $ = !W) 117 x 2 = 117 + 117 = 117 + 100 + 17 = 234 113 x 2 ; 154 x 2 ; 47 x 2 ; 84 x 2 ; 126 x 2 . $D 9q’j la’gdf8q;1kj ’c]h;7yfw]j0=h8+wxD 8q;1jk’ G 28 x 4 = ( 28 x 2) x 2 = 112 172 x 4 ; 75 x 4 ; 212 x 4 ; 67 x 4 ; 135 x 4 II. .97;k,D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko76ogIqklk,kfoe.-hg8adoydfa’j oUD 1. 115 x 12 = 115 x ( 10 + 2 ) = ( 115 x 10 ) + ( 115 x 2 ) = 1150 + 230 = 1380 2. 200 10 5 215 x 10 = 215 215 2 000 1 00 50 215 x 2 = x x 10 10 12 12 2 400 20 430 430 2150 215 2580 2580 #D 1kd76o9eo;o|bj’da[ @ gIqkgvqk9eo;ooAo[;dda[8q;,aogv’D 8q;1jk’ G 112 x 2 = 112 + 112 = 224 27

$D 1kd76o9eo;o|bj’da[ $ gIqk76o9eo;ooAoda[ @ c]h;gvqkzqo76ooAo,k76oda[ @ vudD 8q;1jk’ G 14 x 4 = ( 14 x 2 ) x2 = 56 III. [qfg/ydsafD 5 !D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.lj[jvos;kj ’.o8k8t]k’]5j,oUD dD 425 x 24 400 20 20 4 0D 617 x 32 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9q’j 0Po8n,j .lj[vj o9Eg,af]5j,oUD 0D 752 x 35 dD 423 x 24 752 x (30 + 5 ) 423 x (20 + 4 ) ( 752 x 30 ) + ( 752 x 5 ) ( 423 x 20 ) + ( 423 x 4 ) ... ... ... ... ... ... 28

#D 9qj’8n,j 8q;g]d.lj[vj os;jk’D 47 47 x x 40 7 30 . . . . . . 34 34 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... $D 9qj’7yfw]gj ]d]5,j oUD ... ... ... ... x423 x 564 ... ... 22 13 x 782 x 894 32 45 156 684 863 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ975 x x x x 24 31 43 56 &D 9qj’7yfw]jg]d]5,j oUD 252 x 2 ; 168 x 2 ; 232 x 2 78 x 4 ; 156 x 4 170 x 2 ; 250 x 4 ; 122 x 4 ; *D 8vog-Qk;ao9aooadIPoshv’ x$ 0v’3I’IPoxt4q,csj’|b’j 1no]Poc4;grnvj g7qk]q[m5’-kfF r;dg0qk1nogxao * c4; c8]j tc4;,u !! 7qo D 4k,;jkoadIPo shv’ x$ ma’\\qf,u9ad7qoL 29

[qfmu 9 dkoc[’j xao I. dyf9tdeD 87 = ( 4 x . . . ) + 3 !D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.l[j jvo9Eg,afD 95 = ( . . . x 11 ) + 7 ; 72 = ( 14 x . . . ) + 2 ; 112 = ( . . . x 22 ) + 2 @D c,oj 7hkz6h|b’j c[j’\\kddhP’ _( |;j p.lj & 4q’D 4k,;jkc8]j t4q’,u9ad|;j p L gs^nv9ad|;j p L #D Ihko0kpv5xtdvodkolbdlkcsj’|bj’ 9afl=fe.sh3I’IPocsj’|bj’3fp9af .ljda[M]t !@ glAoD shv’ x! 8hv’dko *W glAoF shv’ x@ 8hv’dko &W glAoF shv’ x# 8hv’dko &# glAoF shv’ x$ 8hv’dko #) glAoF shv’ x& 8hv’dko (& glAoD 4k,;jkIhko0kpg7nvj ’9t8hv’lqj’l=fe.sh3I’IPocs’j oAo9adda[ L { 9q’j 7eo;o3fpdko.-hdko[;dF dko]q[F dko76o grnvj cdh[aoskD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ II. .97;k,D lt4kotdkoc[j’xaom5dvao[+c,jodkosko\\qfD grnjv.shlt4kotdkoc[j’ xaogxaodkosko9t8hv’.sh G !D gxaodkoc[’j xaogxaolj;ogmqkj daoD @D lyj’mujgs^nv9kddkoc[’j xao9t8hv’|hvpd;kj 8q;sko X v5xt76o?D 8q;1jk’ G gIqkc[’j w0jwdj @# |j;p.shoadIPo $ 7qo.shwfhgmqjkdaoD 23 = ( 4 x 5 ) + 3 wfhz6h]t & |j;p c]t gs^nv # |;j pD 30

III. [qfg/ydsafD 151 2 11 75 !D 9qj’la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;7yfw]0j =h8+wxD 1 151 = ( 75 x 2 ) + 1 180 ' 4 ; 316 ' 5 ; 52 ' 6 ; 144 ' 7 ; 167 ' 13 ; 96 ' 15 ; 73 ' 61 ; D499 ' 80 @D 9q’j 7yfw]cj ]h;0Po8n,j .lj8k8t]k’]5j,oUD 9eo;o c[’j xao zqoIa[ pa’gs^nv 19 4 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 24 5 38 6 50 7 57 8 65 9 75 10 #D mhk; mv’lu gvqk\\kdoaf !#$ |;j p c[j’gmqjkMdao.ljdt8kj M]t ) |j;pD 4k,;kj ]k;8hv’.-hdt8kj 9ad|j;p L $D c,j xaog’yo9eo;o @) WWW du[ .sh]6d $ 7qoF 3fpc8]j t7qowfhIa[gmqkj daoF 4k,;jk]6dc8]j t7qowfhIa[g’yozh6]tgmqkj .f L &D 3I’IPoxt4q,cs’j |b’j ,uoadIPoma’\\qf $&# 7qo gruoj c[j’oadIPovvdgxao _ 95gmqkj daogrnvj vtokw,3I’IPoD 4k,;jkc8j]t959t,uoadIPo9ad7qo L 31

[qfmu 10 dkosko I. dyf9tdeD !D ok’ lyo c]t mhk; lqo wfh-vd;ymucdhg]d39f8+wxoUG 7qo]hP’wdgj da[w0wj fh(& |;j p c]t wfh9af.ljc8tmu[j ao95w0wj fh !@ |;j pD 9q’j -vd9eo;oc8tmuj7qo]hP’wdjwfh9afw0.j lj c]t -vd9eo;ow0jmugj s^nv9kdc8tD dD ok’ lyo g;Qk G 0hvp-vdsk9eo;ogmnjvmuj ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 76oda[ !@ c]h;.shzqo76o.dh7P’da[(&D - 9q’j gIafdko7yfw]j0v’ ok’ lyoD 0D mhk;lqo g;Qk G 0hvp-vdsk9eo;o7A’ mugj vqk !@ vvd9kd (& D - 9q’j gIafdko7yfw]j0v’ mhk; lqoD 7D 9q’j xP[mP[lv’dko7yfw]jfa’j dkj ;D - c8t[ao95w0j,ugmqjk.f L X9eo;ofa’j dkj ;c,oj zqosko0v’ (& .sh !@ ?D - w0mj ugj s^nv,u9ad|;j p L X9eo;ofa’j dkj ;c,jo8q;glf0v’dkosko0v’ (& .sh !@?D @D rtoad’koz6h|bj’9afoEfn,j 9eo;o !@_( d;f.ljcdaf g-y’j c8j]tcdaf[ao95wfh @$ d;fD 4k,;jk9twfh9adcdaf c]t gs^nv9add;f L II. .97;k,D gIqklk,kfoe.-hs^kp;ymu grnvj cdhlt4kotdko dkoskoF 8q;1kj ’ G 1kd I6h;jk .o *&W ,u9adgmjnv @$ gIqkxt8y[affa’j oUG ;ymumu ! G oe.-hdko76oD @$ V #W = (@W gIqkwfh #W gmnjvF s^kp3rf 32

@$ V @W = $)W gIqkwfh @W gmnvj F |hvp3rf @$ V @& = *WW gIqkwfh @& gmnjvF |hvp3rf @$ V @) = *(@ gIqkwfh @) gmnjvF s^kp3rf @$ V @( = *$) gIqkwfh *&W = X @$ V @( ? T @ ;ymumu @ G oe.-h dko76o c]t dko]q[D _ 650 1 gmnjv @$ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 24 + _ 626 48 2 gmnjv @$ _ 578 + 96 4 gmnjv @$ _ 482 + 192 8 gmnvj @$ _ 290 192 + _ 98 8 gmnvj @$ 96 + 4 gmnjv @$ 2 27 gmnvj @$ F glf @ III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’oe.-h;ymumu ! .o[qfIPo grnjvgIafg]dsko8+wxoU G 728 ' 40 450 ' 32 847 ' 55 2430 ' 21 254 ' 18 780 ' 37 @D 9q’j oe.-h;ymumu @ .o[qfIPo grnjvgIafg]dsko8+wxoU G 1421 ' 81 648 ' 42 127 ' 12 628 ' 42 3750 ' 25 3050 ' 145 #D gfadohvp * 7qo8hv’dkoxaog0Qk|q, () dhvo c8j]t7qo8hv’dko.shwfh9eo;o g0Qk|q,gmqkj daoD 9q’j -vdsk9eo;og0Qk|q,mujm5d7qowfhIa[7qo]tgmqkj .f L 33

[qfmu 11 dkosko X8+? I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’7yfw]j c]h;0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af.o8k8t]k’mt;u76o]5j,ouhG x10 x10 x10 x10 25 x 1= 25 250 2500 32 x 1 =32 320 3200 25 x 2 = 50 500 ..... 32 x 2 =64 640 6400 25 x 3 = 75 ..... ..... 32 x 3 =96 ..... ..... 25 x 4 = 100 ..... ..... 32 x 4 =128 ..... ..... 25 x 5 = 125 ..... ..... 32 x 5 =160 ..... ..... 25 x 6 = 150 ..... ..... 32 x 6 =192 ..... ..... 25 x 7 = 175 ..... ..... 32 x 7 =224 ..... ..... 25 x 8 = 200 ..... ..... 32 x 8 =256 ..... ..... 25 x 9 = 225 ..... ..... 32 x 9 =288 ..... ..... @D 9qj’oe.-h8k8t]k’.o0=h ! grnvj gIafg]dsko8=jwxouhG _2 8 5 2 5 1165 25 884 32 1807 32 5883 25 2184 32 2767 32 250 10 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ _0 3 5 + 25 1 10 11 I. .97;k,D grnjv9tsko ($& .sh!* gIqkxt8y[affaj’ouhG { -vdsk9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqoskoD 16 x 10 < 745 < 16 x 100 zqosko,u @ V10 x10 8q;g]dD 16 x 1= 16 160 1600 { lhk’8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ !* c]h; 16 x 2 = 32 320 3200 16 x 3 = 48 480 4800 8A’g]dsko7nfa’j 8+wxoUG 16 x 4 = 64 640 6400 16 x 5 = 80 800 8000 _ 745 16 16 x 6 = 96 960 9600 40 16 x 7 = 112 1120 11200 640 16 x 8 = 128 1280 12800 16 x 9 = 144 1440 14400 _ 105 + 6 96 9 46 34

III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’oe.-h8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ && c]t 0v’ _@ grnvj cdhg]d]j5,oU G x10 x10 x10 x10 55 x 1= 55 550 5500 92 x 1 =92 920 9200 55 x 2 = 110 1100 11000 92 x 2 =184 1840 18400 55 x 3 = 165 1650 16500 92 x 3 =276 2760 27600 55 x 4 = 220 2200 22000 92 x 4 =368 3680 36800 55 x 5 = 275 2750 27500 92 x 5 =460 4600 46000 55 x 6 = 330 3300 33000 92 x 6 =552 5520 55200 55 x 7 = 385 3850 38500 92 x 7 =644 6440 64400 55 x 8 = 440 4400 44000 92 x 8 =736 7360 73600 55 x 9 = 495 4950 49500 92 x 9 =828 8280 82800 999 55 1342 55 898 92 6992 92 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 3485 55 3590 55 2270 92 4956 92 4772 55 4620 55 5234 92 7892 92 @D ]5’myf-P’0kpw0wj drj ao|;j p]t && du[ c]t wfhg’yoma’|qf !*@ &@& du[D 4k, ;jk]k;0kpw0mj a’|qf9ad|;j p L #D de,tdvoxjkw,hg0f|bj’ wfhc[j’daogxao _@ 95 grnjvx6dg[hpw,h $!$W g[hpD 4k,;kj c8]j t 959twfhx6dg[hpw,h9adg[hp L $D oadIPo-aho x # F x$ F x& csj’|bj’ 9eo;o $@@ 7qo wxmafltotlbdlk3fp ,u76oerk !) 7qoD I6h;kj ]qfg,7ao|b’j [aom5dwfh && 7qo g0qkg9qhk9t8hv’wfhg-qjk ]qfg,9ad7ao L &D 3I’’kocsj’|bj’8hv’dkolqj’lyo7hk !*&* 38o wx.shz6h9e|jkp3fp0qo4hP; ]t !@ 38oD 4k,;jk9t8hv’wfh0qo9ad4hP; L 35

[qfmu 12 [qmdu !;@ f7nozqosko I. dyf9tdeD !D 9q’j oe.-hltg\\uzqogrnjv0Po8n,j .lj8k8t]k’]5,j oUG 438 = ( 24 x 18 ) + 6 ; 1648 = ( 12 x 137 ) + 4 ; 762 = ( 25 x 30 ) + 12 ; 440 = ( 36 x 12 ) + 8 ; 500 = ( 62 x 8 ) + 4 ; 465 = ( 51 x 9 ) + 6 . 8q;8A’sko 8q;sko zqosko 8q;glf $#) @$ !) * ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9q’j la’gdfltg\\uzqo8+wxoUc]h;[vd;kj lt\\uzqo.fdq’da[dkoskomujleg]afc]h; 351 = ( 23 x 15 ) + 6 ; 405 = ( 10 x 40 ) + 5 ; 1570 = ( 32 x 49 ) + 2 ; 1766 = ( 12 x 147 ) + 2 ; 762 = ( 25 x 30 ) + 12 ; 5187 = ( 91 x 57 ) + 1 ; 1735 = ( 17 x 100 ) + 35 ; 6231 = ( 30 x 200 ) + 231 ; 8050 = ( 50 x 160 ) + 50 ; 7565 = ( 124 x 60 ) + 125 . II. .97;k,D grnjv9tskog]dgIqkxt8y[affa’j oU G 8q;1jk’ G 4732 ' 16 !D -vd9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqosko G zqoskoc,jo9eo;omuj,u # 8q;g]d 16 x 100 < 4732 < 16 x 1000 @D lhk’8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ !* 36

#D 8A’[A’g]dc]h;skoD _ $(#@ !* @WW gmnjv !* #@WW @_& _W gmnvj !* _ !&#@ sq;|j;p !$$W sq;ly[ & gmnjv !* _ W_@ sq;Ihvp )W !@ gIqkwfh $(#@ = X !* V @_& ? T !@ ltg\\uzqooUgIaf.shgIqkgsaowfh;kj dkosko 0v’gIqk4nd s^n [+ L 8q;skoc,oj !* S zqoskoc,oj @_& S 8q;glfc,oj !@ S 8q;glf 8hv’|hvpd;jk8q;skog]nhvpMD III. [qfg/ydsafD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D 9q’j la’gdfg[yj’ltg\\uzqo8+wxoU c]h;[vd;jk 38.fdq’da[dkoskomulj eg]afc]h;D 438 = ( 24 x 18 ) + 6 ; 373 = ( 9 x 40 ) + 13 ; 2736 = ( 27 x 100 ) + 36 ; 7340 = ( 82 x 89 ) + 42 ; 1648 = ( 12 x 137 ) + 4 ; 6013 = ( 30 x 200 ) + 13 ; 8014 = ( 50 x 160 ) + 14 ; 7038 = ( 224 x 30 ) + 318 . @D 9qj’gIafg]dsko8+wxoU 3fpg]uj,fh;pdko0v[0Ao8q;8A’sko c]t l5fmhkp .sh0Poltg\\uzqo0v’dkosko D 6 483 ' 27 2 630 ' 48 3 728 ' 612 12 024 ' 128 752 ' 26 8 034 ' 53 #D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k’8+wxoUG 8q;8A’sko 8q;sko zqosko 8q;glf 72 608 435 37 2 743 85 18 714 56 13 018 120 627 42

[qfmu 13 dko0v[0Aogrnjv-vdsk9eo;o 8q;g]d0v’zqosko I. dyf9tdeD !D 9q’j 0Po8n,j .lj[jvos;jk’.o8k8t]k’D ' 10 x10 5 . . . 13 26 . . . 40 . . . . . . 70 75 . . . . . . 60 130 . . . 380 . . . 520 630 . . . . . . 800 x100 5 . . . 13 26 . . . 40 . . . . . . 70 75 . . . ' 100 . . . 600 1300 . . . 3800 . . . 5200 6300 . . . . . . 8000 5 . . . 13 26 . . . 40 . . . . . . 70 75 . . . ' 1000 x1000 . . . 6000 13000 . . . 38000 . . . 52000 63000 . . . . . . 80000 @D 9qj’la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k’D 8q;8A’sko 8q;sko dko0v[0Ao 9eo;o8q;g]d ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0v’zqosko $)W @$ 24 x 10 < 480 < 24 x 100 @$$)W @$W @ $!$WW )& DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #D 9qj’la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;7yfw][j A’8+wxD 8q;1kj ’ G 1452 ' 12 638 ' 18 ; 3815 ' 214 ; 386 ' 23 ; 672 ' 24 ; _1 4 5 2 100 gmnjv !@ 4567 ' 362 ; 765 ' 56 ; 1200 10 gmnjv !@ 987 ' 12 ; 984 ' 44 ; 10 gmnjv !@ 856 ' 14 ; 975 ' 15 . _0 2 5 2 1 gmnjv !@ 120 _ 132 120 _ 012 12 00 38

II. .97;k,D 4hkr;dgIqkskd0v[0Ao8q;8A’sko G !W S !WW S !WWW S D D D gmnjv8q;skoF gIqk9tI6h9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqosko c]t 9eo;og]d]q[mugj Iqk9t wfhgIaf|hvpl5fD 8q;1jk’ G 3996 ' 36 36 x 100 < 3996 < 36 x 1000 zqosko16j.o]ts;kj ’ !WW sk !WWW D fa’j oAo zqosko9b’j c,jo9eo;omu,j u #ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8q;g]dD gIqk9t8hv’wfhgIafg]d]q[ # [A’G { |bj’[A’le]a[8q;g]dsq;IhvpD { |bj’[A’le]a[8q;g]dsq;ly[D { |bj’[A’le]a[8q;g]dsq;|;j pD III. [qfg/ydsafD !D 9qj’0v[0Aozqo76ogrnjv-vdsk9eo;o8q;g]d0v’ zqosko rhv,skog]d]5j,oU 3fpgIafc[[]q[9eo;omt;u76o0v’8q;skoD 12212 ' 11 ; 4732 ' 36 S 488 ' 44 ; 373 ' 30 ; 8814 ' 42 D @D 9qj’la’gdf8q;1kj ’c]h;oewx.-h.o[A’8+wxD 8q;1kj ’ G 1452 ' 12 638 ' 18 ; 3815 ' 214 ; 38436 ' 23 ; 67238 ' 124 ; _1 4 5 2 100 gmnvj !@ 45678 ' 362 ; 1200 10 gmnvj !@ 98732 ' 12 ; 47654 ' 56 ; 10 gmnvj !@ 8567 ' 122 ; 4984 ' 44 ; _0 2 5 2 1 gmnjv !@ 9765 ' 15 . 120 _ 132 120 _ 012 12 0 0 121 gmnvj !@ 39

[qfmu 14 dkorq;raodko76o c]t dkosko I. dyf9tdeD 150 ' 6 = 25 !D 9qj’7yfw]cj ]h;0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,afD 500 ' 4 = . . . . . 7626 ' 3 = . . . . . 25 x 6 =150 430 ' 10 = . . . . . 125 x 4 =... 1940 ' 20 = . . . . . 2542 x 3 =... 43 x 10 =... 97 x 20 =... @D 9q’j 7yfw]cj ]h;0Po.l8j k8t]k’]5,j oUD x4 123456789 '4 4 ' 10ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ x 10 40 II. .97;k,D grnjvlhk’8k8t]k’0v’dkogxaovaf8klj;orq;raoF gIqkoe.-h75o]adltot 0v’8e]k j 7j o6 d[a j j sn^ 0v’8e]k j sj ko.sh Dj j 8;q 1kj ’ 8k8t]k’dkogxoa vfa 8kl;j o rq;rao0v’ !*D + x2 x3 12 3456 7 8 9 x 16 '16 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 x 10 '10 160 320 480 640 800 960 1120 1280 1440 x2 + 40

III. [qfg/ydsafD !D gIqklk,kfoe.-h8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ !) grnjv-vdmt;u76ovnjoM0v’ !) D 9q’j la’gdfc]h;0Po8nj,.l[j vj o9Eg,af]5j,oU G 1 x 18 = 18 10 x 18 = 18 0 100 x 18 = 1800 2 x 18 = 36 20 x 18 = 360 200 x 18 = 3600 3 x 18 = 54 ... x ... = ... ... x ... = ... 4 x 18 = 72 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... 5 x 18 = 90 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... 6 x 18 = 108 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... 7 x 18 = 126 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... 8 x 18 = 144 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... 9 x 18 = 162 ... x ...= ... ... x ... = ... @D 9qj’0Po8nj,.l8j k8t]k’]5,j oUD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x 8 '8 40 x 20 '20 1920 #D 9qj’skog]d]5j,oUD 1710 95 1472 3 1325 25 2576 56 2898 95 1404 78 1908 36 2650 50 5760 30 41

15[qfmu m;o7nodko[;dF dko]q[F dko76o c]t dkosko I. dko[;dD !D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k’8k,8q;1jk’]5j,oUD d 0 7 XdT0? XdT0?T7 X0T7? dTX0T7? 258 7 15 13 15 12 7 13 15 13 7 4 14 24 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 16 12 36 @D s^a’9kdda[,kc88j ts^kf ok’ 7efu ,ug’yogs^nv @( WWW du[F .og;]k168j ts^kf ]k;wfh9kj p-Ng7vnj ’\\qfg’yo &_ WWW du[D 4k,;kj dvj owx8ts^kf]k;,ug’yoma’\\qf gmqkj .f L 816 #D 9qj’d;f7nozqo[;d9eo;o8k,c4;F 8k,4aoF 357 8k,glAogoa’j 9v,0v’I6[9t85]af 0hk’oUd=9twfhzqo[;dvaofP;dao X gmqkj dao ?D 492 $D 9q’j 8nj,9eo;o.lIj 6[9t85]af160j hk’oU grnvj .shwfhzqo[;d8k,c4;F 8k,4aoF 7 8k,glAogoaj’9v,.shwfhgmqjkdaoD 6 11 4 42

II. dko]q[D @D 9q’j 7yfw]j7;k,s^5f]njo.l.j o !D 9q’j 8nj,9eo;o.l8j k8t]k’]5,j oU D 8k,mujdeoqf.shD d 0 7 dT0T7 30 21 14 9 41 26 72 20 12 45 27 29 70 20 30 90 #D 9q’j la’gdfI6[]5,j oUD d=]toumulv’ d=]toumu|bj’ 157 cm 143 cmສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 152 cm 138 cm ok’ lu mhk; \\vo ok’ lu mhk; \\vo .oc8]j td=]tou 9qj’-vdsk7;k,s^5f]njogxao cm ]ts;jk’];’l6’0v’ ok’ lu c]t mhk; \\vo L 7;k,s^5f]njogxaoco;.f L $D dvj o9twx-Ng7njv’muj8ts^kf ok’ o;olu ,ug’yoma’\\qf !@W WWW du[ s^a’9kd -Ng7nvj ’c]h; ]k;pa’gs^nvg’yo16j $& WWW du[ D 4k,;jk ]k;wfh9kj pg’yoma’ \\qfgmqjk.f L 43

III. dko76oD !D 9qj’la’gdfI6[lujc9lkdmuj,u8kdk3i0hk’0;koUD dD djvo8afD 9q’j -vd9eo;o8kdk3i mu,j u.oI6[lujc9lkdrkp.8hI6[c[[ dko76oD 0D s^a’8afD 9qj’-vd9eo;o8kdk3i mu,j u.oI6[lucj 9lkdmu4j ndc[’j rkp.8h I6[c[[dko76o;jk,uma’\\qfgmqjk.f L @D 9qj’7yfw]cj ]h;xP[mP[3fp.-hg7njv’\\kp = ; = . ( 12 x 7 ) . . . . . . ( 10 x 7 ) + ( 2 x 7 ) ; ( 13 x 9 ) . . . . . . ( 15 _ 2 ) x ( 10 _ 1 ) ; ( 12 x 7 ) . . . . . . ( 10 x 7 ) + ( 2 + 7 ) ; ( 13 x 9 ) . . . . . . ( 10 + 3 ) x ( 10 _ 1 ) ; ( 12 x 7 ) . . . . . . ( 8 x 7 ) + ( 4 x 7 ) ; ( 13 x 9 ) . . . . . . ( 13 x 10 ) +13 . ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ #D 9q’j -vdskdko0Po.fdq’da[9eo;oI6[mu1j 6jfhko0hk’oUD 3x(4+5) (3x4)+5 2x(4+5)+9 3x9 (4 x 3 ) + ( 5 x 3 ) $D 0hvp-vdsk9eo;ovao|b’j D { 0hvp76o9eo;ooAoda[ @ { 0hvp[;d @& .ljzqomuwj fhIa[ { 0hvpwfh9eo;o !@& 9q’j -vdsk9eo;omu0j hvp-vdsk;kj c,oj 9eo;o.f L 44

IV. dkoskoD !D 9q’j la’gdflv’I6[dko7yfw]j8+wxoU G dD 9qj’la’gdfdko7yfw]Dj 0D 9qj’la’gdfltg\\uzqo8+wxoU G 50 = ( 12 x 1 ) + 38 36 = 12 x 3 50 = ( 12 x 2 ) + 26 ltg\\uzqooUdq’da[dkosko0v’ #* 50 = ( 12 x 3 ) + 14 .sh !@ 50 = ( 12 x 4 ) + 2 zqoskoc,jo # 8q;glfc,jo W .od=]touoUgIqklk,kf0PowfhvudG ltg\\uzqol5fmhkpdq’da[dkosko 0v’ &W .sh !@ D 36 ' 3 = 12 zqoskoc,jo $ S 8q;glfc,oj @ D @D 9q’j la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;7yfw]jzqosko c]t 8q;glf0v’c8j]tdkoskoDສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8q;1jk’ G $@ sko.sh $ 42= (4 x 10 ) + 2 zqoskoc,jo !W F 8q;glfc,oj @ && sko.sh * $& sko.sh & _@ sko.sh _ $* sko.sh ( &) sko.sh ) (& sko.sh !W #D ;aomevyf0v’m5dMgfnvo ok’ l5me wfhgvqkg’yo.sh]6d @& WWW du[S .o m5dMg-Qk ]6d0v’l5me wfh-Ng0Qk9udj yo |b’j dhvomu,j u]k7k #WWW du[D 4k,;jk g’yo0v’]k;r=-Ng0Qk9ujd5h,9ad;ao L $D oq,|b’j 3s^ X !@ dJv’ ? ]k7k #* WWW du[F 4k,;kj oq,dJv’|bj’]k7kgmqkj .f L 45

[qfmu 16 ]efa[.odkocdhg]dmugj xaoc4; I. dyf9tdeD ! 9qj’la’gdf8q;1jk’c]h;7yfw]0j =h8+wxD 8q;1kj ’ ! G 54\\+ 38 - 26 1154462-44953 + 184 61 414+2144843 92\\6-6 26 245 35 + 30 _ 48 ; 210 _ 160 + 370 ; 350 + 280 _ 390 ; 105 + 50 _ 47 ; 245 + 137 _ 100 ; 150 + 160 _ 70 ; 628 + 100 _ 200 ; 548 + 133 + 350 ; 866 + 644 _ 251 ; 8q;1kj ’ @ G 94\\#2 ' 4 295\\' 5 # 10 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 595\\#9010 188\\' 4 47 9 # 4 ' 2; 64 ' 8 # 3 55 # 11 ' 5 150 ' 15 #8; 90 ' 15 # 20 77 # 3 ' 7 450 # 3 ' 9 ; 91 ' 13 # 25 909 ' 3 # 15 @ 9qj’la’gdf8q;1kj ’c]h;7yfw]0j =h8+wxD 28 + 12\\# 4 ' 2 - 5 8q;1kj ’ G . . . + . . .\\' . . . - . . . .1.4.4+2 4. 4. . 3- . . . 24\\' 2 + 18\\# 4 15\\# 3 - 12\\' 2 112442+ 44723 .1.4.42- 44. .3. .1.4. 2- .4. .3 84 ... ... 46

II. .97;k,D .odkocdhg]dmu9j af;k’gxaoc4; 4hk,uc8jg]d[;d c]t g]d]q[ s^n ,uc8j g]d76o c]t g]dsko .shcdhg]doAo8k,]efa[c8-j hkpsk0;k 8q;1jk’ !D 8q;1jk’ @D 114445 2+ 434803 - 228 2142452'44153 # 20 1542544 2- 4 424283 115442# 44203 297 300 4hk,uma’g]d[;d g]d]q[ g]d76o c]t g]dskogIqk8hv’gIafg]d76o c]t g]dskolkdjvoc]h;9bj’gIafg]d[;d c]t g]d]q[8k,mus^a’D 8q;1kj ’ G 150 + 12\\# 6 - 20 ' 2 150 + 72 -20\\' 2 1154402+44723 - 10 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 21422442- 441403 212 III. [qfg/udsafD 57 # 25 + 240 ' 8; 3834 ' 18 # 21 ! 9qj’7yfw]gj ]d]5,j oU G 564 # 28 ' 30; 8630 ' 25 + 705 # 12; 6450 - 3500 ' 70; 5740 + 38 # 5 ' 2 - 136 @ ]qf7ao|bj’[aom5dg0Qk c]t gdnv g-y’j .ooAo,ug0Qk @W gxqkF c8j]tgxqk|ad &W dd gdnv!W gxqkF c8j]tgxqk|ad $W ddF 4k,;jk ]qf7aooAo[aom5dg0Qk c]t gdnv 9addy3]dik, L 47