Space Technologies for Sustainable Development Goals 2030: Scorecard Transformational Positive Moderate Ÿ Crop Productivity Optimization Ÿ Natural resource optimization Ÿ Combat gender inequality by Ÿ Food security and safe Ÿ Disaster Mitigations eliminating violence and human Ÿ Providing targeted support to trafcking distribution Ÿ End Malnutrition’s vulnerable societies Ÿ Use communication technologies for empowerment Ÿ Urban Planning and Ÿ Geospatial data for precipitation of Women Infrastructure Monitoring forecasts, evapotranspiration data Ÿ Spread of social protection Ÿ Expansion and Improvement of polices to all deprived City Services Ÿ Increase Water Use efciency Ÿ Efcient Sanitation management Ÿ Satellite technologies enable Ÿ Deployment of sensor based safe and responsible migration smart waste management Ÿ Power Grid Synchronization and mobility of people systems Ÿ Enhancing clean Energy options Ÿ Monitoring global nancial Ÿ Climate early warning systems including Solar and Wind markets and mitigation plans Ÿ Global Energy mix decisions Ÿ Equal prospects for countries Ÿ Reduce Global Co2 levels forecasts and people Ÿ Human and Institutional Ÿ Establish safe and secure Ÿ Satellite technologies enable Capacity Building working environments deployment of electronic tracking devices; to ensure the safety of Ÿ Increase afforestation and Ÿ Lone Workers Monitoring children using dedicated reforestation Ÿ Improve higher level of economy wearables; and to prevent theft by monitoring assets Ÿ Biodiversity protection and Ÿ Geospatial technologies for Predicting conservation hotspots Infrastructure Mapping and Ÿ Reduce corruption Monitoring Ÿ Improves the decision making Ÿ Identifying human-animal conict zones Ÿ Smart Mobility arrangements Ÿ Increases Resources use Ÿ Geo-Referenced Baseline Ÿ Advances International Inventory of Skill Facilities efciency Cooperation Ÿ Tele-Education to Overcome Ÿ Natural Resources Management- Ÿ Promoting compatibility and Geographic Limitations reducing resources use, and interoperability of all systems minimizing degradation Ÿ Literacy Enrichment Ÿ Improves trade relations Ÿ Integrating supply chain, from Ÿ Monitoring and Prevention and producer to nal consumer Technologies Used planning of infectious diseases and epidemiology Ÿ Sustainable tourism Satellite Earth Observation Ÿ Regulating Air pollutants Ÿ To enhanced productivity in Satellite Communication Ÿ Telemedicine and Telesurgeries shing operations Satellite Positioning ITCA Studies on Influence of Ÿ Ocean Biodiversity protection Space Technologies on Ÿ Marine Mining exploitation Technology Transfer Sustainable Development Goals (2020) Inspiration drawn from Research and Education and Microgravity Research 46 TIP September 2021
Global Practitioner Our living style in pursuit of a sustainable world Brig Gen (res) Prof Chaim Eshed Co-Founder, Israel Space Agency Retd Brigadier General,Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate Speaking at the inauguration on activity at Technion University was such as ground control station \"Our living style in pursuit of a taken as a case study to highlight how integration and testing and so on and sustainable world\", Prof. Chaim the program’s scientific experiments today it is available even to primary Eshed, Co-Founder, Israel Space went on to become the forefront of and secondary school in Israel and we Agency, and former Brigadier General, Israel’s technological innovation and share it with our friends in the 75 Israel Military Intelligence Directorate paved the way for the rapid expansion Student's Satellites Mission. If we go a touched upon the immense wisdom of Israel's high-tech industries. step forward and combine foreign documented in ancient scriptures companies to this kind of start-up it including the Vedas, Bhagavadgita and He also said that, in Israel we could not can be very successful and that's how the Bible; and the thoughts expressed launch eastward with the rotation of we built our launcher from scratch. by Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein the earth like everybody. Finally we and Prof. Robert Oppenheimer. He also launched it westward instead of Concluding his address, Prof. Eshed pointed out the progress achieved by eastward and we lost 30 percent of its dwelt upon the Indo-Israel strategic the two nations-India and Israel capability but still had to monitor the alliance that included synergy with through technological innovation launcher because it's way over the ISRO for PSLV as the main launcher for driven by the needs for national and Mediterranean was a risky affair of Israel's satellites, ITCA's 75 Students’ homeland security. either dropping an empty stage after it Satellites Mission 2022, and how these finished burning on either people, space initiatives would leverage the Pointing out the relevance of space residential areas, livestock and we technological advances taking place in technologies for achieving the wanted to take care of everything. So artificial intelligence, cloud and Sustainable Development Goals, Prof. to build and launch a satellite we quantum computing, nanosatellite Eshed articulated how remote-sensing needed that time expensive constellations and aerial platforms satellites could provide actionable infrastructure to support the efforts amongst others. data for monitoring the soil, snow cover, drought, crop development, Brig Gen (Res) Prof Chaim Eshed, at Inaugural Function of ITC 2019, 04 September 2019, Bangalore. and proactively addressing global crop L to R: Dr Wooday P Krishna, National President, IIPE, Dr LV Muralikrishna Reddy, Chairman, ITC, Dr Ashwath Narayan C N, fluctuations and disruptions in food Hon'ble Deputy Chief Minister, Government of Karnataka, Brig Gen (res) Prof Chaim Eshed, Prof R M Vasagam, Padma Shri supply. Recipient, Chairman, National Advisory Committee, ITC2019, Ms Dana Kursh , Consul General of Israel to South India, Dr P V Venkitakrishnan, Director - Capacity Building Programme Office, ISRO Recalling the common approach by both Israel and India in promoting 47 engagement by academia, industry and government, Prof. Eshed emphasized the relevance and importance of some of the initiatives nurtured by the Indian Technology Congress Association (ITCA) including incubating start-ups, establishing multidisciplinary centres of excellence and progressing student-built satellite programs in universities and academic institutions. The student-built satellite TIP September 2021
Upcoming Launches by Future Global Space Agencies Launch 27 September 2021 United Launch Alliance 30 September 2021 Epsilon Rocket Atlas V Rocket JAXA will use an Epsilon rocket United Launch Alliance Atlas to launch the Rapid Innovative V rocket will launch the Payload Demonstration NASA/U.S. Geological Survey Satellite 2 (RAISE 2), a (USGS) Landsat 9 satellite technology demonstrator Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Vandenberg Space Force Base in California Uchinoura Space Center, 8:48 p.m. EDT 2:11 p.m. EDT (1811 GMT) Q4 2021 SSLV October 2021 SpaceX Falcon 9 An ISRO Small Satellite A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will Launch Vehicle (SSLV) rocket launch 51 satellites for the will launch the Demo 1 company's Starlink broadband mission. The launch date is internet constellation currently targeted for Q4 2021 Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Satish Dhawan Spaceport, Shriharikota, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 40, TBD October 2021 SpaceX Falcon 16 October 2021 United Launch Alliance Heavy Atlas V 500 Series A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 will launch the USSF 44 mission rocket will launch NASA’s Lucy for the U.S. Space Force. It would spacecraft. Built by Lockheed deploy two spacecraft payloads Martin, Lucy will fly-by seven including the military’s TETRA 1 Trojan asteroids, a family of microsatellite. asteroids that orbit the sun. Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Kennedy Space Center - LC-39A, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, 5:34 am 31 October 2021 SpaceX November 2021 United Launch Alliance Falcon 9 Atlas V 500 Series A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 launch a Crew Dragon spacecraft rocket will launch the STP-3 with 3 NASA astronauts and one mission for the U.S. Space Force. ESA astronaut on-board to the Comprising STPSat 6 satellite International Space Station. and several small satellites. Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Kennedy Space Center - LC-39A, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, TBD November 2021 Boeing CST-100 November 2021 United Launch Alliance Starliner Atlas V 500 Series A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket, designated AV-082, will rocket will launch the USSF 8 launch Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner mission with the fifth and sixth spacecraft on second unpiloted satellites for the Space Force’s test flight to the International GSSAPin geosynchronous orbit, Space Station. designed to help the military. Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, TBD 48 TIP September 2021
November 2021 SpaceX 17 November 2021 SpaceX Falcon 9 Falcon 9 A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will It will launch the NASA’s Imaging launch the Turksat 5B X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. IXPE communications satellite for exploits the polarization state of Turksat, a Turkish satellite light from astrophysical sources operator. to provide insight to our understanding of X-rays Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 40,, TBD Kennedy Space Center - LC-39A, TBD 04 December 2021 SpaceX December 2021 SpaceX Falcon 9 Falcon 9 A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Dragon 2 spacecraft on launch the Transporter 3 mission, its fourth cargo resupply mission a rideshare flight to a sun- to the International Space synchronous orbit with numerous Station. small microsatellites and nanosatellites for commercial and government customers Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Kennedy Space Center - LC-39A, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 40, TBD 08 January 2022 United Launch Alliance January 2022 SpaceX Falcon Atlas V 500 Series Heavy A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket rocket will launch GOES-T, the will launch the USSF 52 mission third geostationary weather for the U.S. Space Force. The satellite for NASA and NOAA. mission will launch an unspecified military payload on this mission Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, 4:33 pm - 6:33 pm ET Kennedy Space Center - LC-39A, TBD February 2022 United Launch Alliance Early 2022 Vega C Atlas V 500 Series An Arianespace Vega C rocket will A United Launch Alliance Vulcan launch the LARES 2 satellite for Centaur rocket will launch the ASI, the Italian space agency. This Peregrine commercial lunar will mark the inaugural flight of lander for Astrobotic. The Europe’s new Vega C rocket. Peregrine robotic lander will carry Delayed from mid-2020 by multiple experiments for NASA coronavirus impacts. Launch Site & Time: Launch Site & Time: ZLV, Kourou, French Guiana, TBD Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - SLC 41, TBD Early 2022 Ariane 5 March 2022 SpaceX Falcon 9 Arianespace will use an Ariane 5 ECA rocket, designated VA257, to A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the MEASAT 3d and GSAT launch the first two World View 24 communications satellites. Legion Earth observation GSAT 24 is a direct-to-home TV satellites for Maxar Technologies broadcasting satellite for ISRO to deploy six commercial World View Legion remote sensing Launch Site & Time: satellites ELA-3, Kourou, French Guiana, TBD Launch Site & Time: LC-4E, Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. EDT TIP September 2021 49
Role of Satellite for the Ocean Thought Leader’s Observation and Data Telemetry Perspective Business The launch of the first Earth climate change is already affecting R Venkatesan observing satellites in the late every region of the Earth, with many Group Head 1970s paved the way for experiencing more frequent weather National Institute of Ocean Technology tremendous development of remotely and climate extremes. Observations Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai sensed ocean data, from altimetry, constitute our primary source of ocean colour and sea-surface information about how our climate is way communication, affordable temperature to salinity. The oceans changing. The importance of ocean communication both for voice and play a crucial role in the prosperity and data was underlined in the findings of data to enable forecast/warning to future of our civilisation; as a source of the recent Assessment Report from sailing fishing vessels/ships, natural resources, as host to industry the Intergovernmental Panel on miniaturized terminals and related (e.g., transport and offshore energy) Climate Change (IPCC AR6[1], August hub-based sub systems. Another and in controlling climate (global 2021)and satellite-based sensors are widely used satellite-based services is warming). The importance of remote now capable of providing nearly provided by the Global Navigation sensing data for ocean services is synoptic regional and global Satellite System (GNSS). recognized globally and well oceanographic data. understood on the significance of The Way Forward investments in ocean observations Global Scenario from space. Satellite Oceanography Satellite missions are expected to encompasses oceanographic research The number of disasters increased by meet the demand for improved and technological development a factor of five between 1970 and 2019, accuracy of measurements of the resulting from systems in Earth’s orbit. driven by climate change, more global marine geoid, considerable Remote sensing technology makes extreme weather, and improved improvement in the altimetric use of electromagnetic radiation of a reporting. But, thanks to improved determination of absolute dynamic certain wavelength (ranging from early warnings and disaster topography and ocean circulation. visible to microwave) to distinguish management, the number of deaths There are many ocean optical and different objects. Oceanographically decreased almost three-fold. The new microwave instruments on the anvil in important remotely sensed variables Earth System approach consisting of the international arena – ensuring include temperature, salinity, solar atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, space, uninterrupted supply of data for ocean radiation, wind stress and direction, and polar region is becoming the need studies. Smart satellite sensors for rainfall, surface heat fluxes, ocean of hour and the World Meteorological event-triggered sampling using colour (e.g., pigment concentrations), Organisation (WMO) Congress has sensors, steerable instruments in and sea surface height (altimetry). given importance to unified data geostationary orbit, ocean coverage, Thus, remote sensing by space-borne sharing and Global Basic Observing sea navigation and inter-satellite sensors has become an extremely Network. The Intergovernmental communication capabilities. These important component of ocean Oceanographic Commission of approaches are most attractive for observing systems. UNESCO is entrusted to coordinate responses to disasters and for United Decade of Ocean Sciences for directing field and other remote Tropical Cyclones the Sustainable Development (2021- sensing assets toward key locations to 30) and one among the seven provide data that would otherwise be The NIOT/ MoES has been maintaining outcomes is to enhance predictive unattainable. Enhanced satellite-based a moored buoy network for the past 25 oceans with wider observation under observations are required for many years using an indigenously the Global Ocean Observing System other ocean studies such as marine developed buoy system with a new (GOOS). heat waves, tsunamis, marine feature of high frequency real time debris(plastics), sea level rise etc., data transmission (Patent Pending) Satellite Communication which are linked to blue economy and from 16 locations at sea. The Disaster Risk reduction for coastal combination of the satellite-based Powering connectivity at sea, communities. data with in-situ observations and streamline vessel operations, optimise numerical models helped IMD to route planning while ensuring safety of All the above can be accomplished by provide accurate prediction of landfall lives at sea require seamless satellite partnership among government, which was globally appreciated. communications at sea.Further ocean industry, and academia with specific observation tools and various new ideas/result based involvement Climate Change autonomous systems deployed in the from students. ocean are using INMARSAT/Iridium Scientific evidence of climate change satellites. In future, Indian satellites can TIP September 2021 is unequivocal. Human-induced have Indian ocean coverage with two- 50
Investment opportunities Investor’s for SmallSats Point of View The small satellite industry has Research by MAZ Investments, an Akiba Penkar seen tremendous growth over Israel-based techno-engineering Director the last few years. Technological project appraisal organization shows advances in microelectronics have that satellite communication and SYMBA MAZ Business Consortium helped small satellites match the space-based internet services; Israel performance of larger satellites. Small mapping and navigation; earth satellites are affordable to build, test observation and remote sensing; and non-core business tasks (example- and launch, and have created an science and exploration are some of Ground Segment as a Service) with opportunity to build constellations. the lucrative segments in the New virtual networks of ground stations. These constellations are creating new Space economy. use cases in agriculture, defense, Wall Street industry reports have business intelligence, forestry, and Smallsats can be built using pointed out to their clientele that the disaster management. Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) New Space economy is likely to more hardware components and than triple in the next decade and With governments and national space technology. Microelectronic become a USD 1.4 trillion market. It is agencies evaluating constellations of innovations such as control sensors opined that New Space economy is small satellites, and commercial and actuators, trans-receivers, multi- growing \"because space is being seen customers preferring smallsats for spectral imagers, panels, and antennas as a viable industry to invest in\" by their lower costs, speed of would play a major role in enhancing multiple classes of investors-public development, and agility, it is obvious efficiency of small satellites and companies that are focused that these satellites will unify the world making it easier to assemble and test. exclusively on space, public in ways we have never imagined, New Space leaders including Virgin enterprises with exposure through a creating opportunities for new Galactic, Blue Origin and SpaceX are space subsidiary and private breakthroughs. developing reusable launches that can businesses which may either go public be used for multiple flights, slashing or spin off divisions (CNBC report, Global investment Scenario the cost of satellite development, and November 2019). increasing their adoption. According to the nanosatellite industry Another trend that has been noticed is tracking website, nanosats.eu, more MAZ Investments has also been that investments in space-based than 3400 nanosatellites and Cubesats tracking the expanding role of venture application companies is on an upward have been launched into orbit as of 20 capital and private investors in the curve while investments into space August 2021. Business entities and New Space industry. The investor infrastructure companies (those that organizations are launching profile is diverse with business angels, build rockets and satellites) has seen a constellations for applications corporate ventures, venture capitalists, drop. including telecommunications and space enthusiasts considering high-speed space-based internet investments with a wide range of Global Case study: Israel’s services, and earth observation. investment objectives-business angels Experience in Small Satellites supporting a start-up in mid to long- Industry reports peg the global small term and venture capitalists exploring Israel has been a pioneer in the satellite market size at about USD 2.8 the possibility of quick financial results. development and launching of high- billion in 2020 to USD 7.1 billion by performance nanosatellites and traces 2025 with a CAGR of 20.5%. These MAZ Investments is of the opinion that its strength to the strong linkages with satellites are characterized by shorter start-ups and investors would focus on academia and the industry to develop development cycles and smaller provisioning global services (including on the continuing innovation cycles in project teams, and hence can be communication, earth observation, the domain of aerospace and defence. developed at a fraction of conventional remote sensing and IoT) that are sold Israel’s space industry has been satellites. Innovation and technological to a larger number of users. unique in that it has developed advances in computational significant expertise on a modest technologies and data analytics have Industry analysts point out that while budget and in an academic driven the miniaturization of satellite the dominant idea in New Space is environment. systems. vertical integration, there could be a trend towards the externalization of 51 TIP September 2021
Israel has championed the creation of marketplace. Therefore, teachers in organizations. ITCA has collaborated an ecosystem where there is a flow of high schools must engage students in with various professional organizations information between universities, Science, Technology, Engineering and worldwide, including TMISAT-Israel, schools, and engineers with the Mathematics (STEM) curriculum earlier Israel Aerospace Industries, etc. objective of creating a talent pool of to generate interest, develop skills and student innovators to take forward provide the educational foundation for Investment Prospects scientific and technological innovations students to build upon. in the country. SYMBA-MAZ a business entity in Israel This was in resonance with our with global operations including India Engagement with ITCA education pedagogy followed in Israel has structured affordable funding and it was possible for us to build the mechanisms for institutions and ITCA has been at the forefront of structure for introducing student-built universities to progress student-built building partnerships with Israeli satellite programs for Indian institutions satellite programmes. It has Universities which could be utilized by in partnership with Israel. We also aggregated a single-window process Indian Institutions and Universities. noticed that the major impediment to where institutions desirous of Leadership of Indian Universities and progressing these projects was the progressing student satellite activity Institutions were very keen on limited access to funds. could gain access to state-of-the-art introducing programmes that could technology, mentors to guide the bridge the gap between the ITCA and 75 Satellite Mission student and faculty teams, and curriculum and the expectations of institutions to gain access to affordable industry and were proponents of ITCA has initiated the ambitious \"75 funds. SYMBA-MAZ in partnership with Practice-based Learning methodology. Students' Satellites Mission 2022\" to ITCA is positioned strongly to progress commemorate the \"75 Years of Indian the student-built satellite program in Reaching students earlier in their Independence\"(1947-2022) by India and build a culture of innovation educational development cycle is launching 75 student-built satellites and technological excellence in the critical in developing a workforce to into orbit in conjunction with national future workforce of the country. remain competitive in the global and international tech-space This latest publication is Key Messages Decision makers need to better outcome of G-20 Space understand and map the use of space Economy Leaders Meeting As key components of the world’s technologies in government services just concluded at Rome, Italy growing digitalisation, space and society as well as future needs, prepared by Organisation for technologies will play a role in and identify and address key hurdles Economic Co-operation and furthering social well-being and to technology uptake and sector Developments Space Forum sustainable growth in the post-COVID- development, such as skills gaps and 19 pandemic recovery. Notably, space availability of personnel, so as to 52 technologies can contribute to ensure the cost efficiency and bridging the digital divide, monitor sustainability of critical space changing climate, extreme weather infrastructure. This will require and the use of natural resources, and concerted efforts across multiple create new economic opportunities. government services and between countries, as well as expanding However, a number of challenges cooperation with the private sector. need to be addressed before G20 economies can make the most of what Several G20 economies have made space technologies have to offer. Skills great progress in the economic and gender gaps in the space-related measurement of their space activities, workforce, and a need to improve on- contributing to enhance awareness of the-ground digital infrastructures, are the contributions of the space common issues. economy to the economy and to the accountability of public spending in Moreover, the unprecedented this area. These activities contribute to intensified use of Earth’s orbits is better understanding and evaluating threatening the orbital environment the impacts of government and its space infrastructure, with investments and will prove useful for debris accumulating yearly. With a underpinning future government growing societal reliance on space- investments and policy decisions. based infrastructure and systems, debris-related incidents and collisions Source: oecd.org could have significant negative consequences globally. TIP September 2021
Women Pioneers in Industry Space programmes Outlook Space exploration in its early As has been chronicled by the Commander, starting April 2008, years did not have women as National Aeronautics and Space during a six-month tour of duty on part of the plan. While it is Administration (NASA), Sally Ride was Expedition 16. commonplace today for men and the first American woman in space, women to work with the national and flew aboard the Space Shuttle Ÿ The most women in space at one space agencies, circa 1950s required a STS-7 in June 1983. Some of the other struggle for women to participate in notable firsts by women include: time (four) happened in 2010, when any space program. space shuttle Discovery visited the Other notable firsts space station for the STS-131 The first woman to travel to space was mission. Discovery’s crew of seven Soviet cosmonaut, Valentina Ÿ Roscosmos cosmonaut Svetlana included NASA astronauts Dorothy Tereshkova. On 16 June 1963, Metcalf-Lindenburger and Tereshkova was launched aboard the Savitskaya was the first woman to Stephanie Wilson and Japan spacecraft Vostok 6 on a solo mission. participate in a spacewalk on July Aerospace Exploration Agency She spent 70 hours orbiting the Earth. 25, 1984. (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki. It was no cakewalk for Tereshkova to The space station crew of six be selected as a cosmonaut, she had Ÿ NASA astronaut Mae Jemison flew included NASA astronaut Tracy to distinguish herself from 400 other Caldwell Dyson. candidates who had applied to the on the Space Shuttle Endeavour's cosmonaut corps. Tereshkova STS-47 mission in 1992, becoming Ÿ Susan Helms shares the record for underwent 18 months of rigorous the first black woman in space. training with the then Soviet Air Force longest single spacewalk, totalling after selection to hone her skills in Ÿ NASA astronaut Susan Helms was 8 hours 56 minutes, with fellow handling challenges including NASA astronaut Jim Voss. emergency management and the the first female crew member isolation of being in space alone. aboard the space station, a Ÿ Expedition 24 marked a first with Tereshkova till today holds the record member of Expedition 2 from title as the youngest woman and the March to August 2001. two women, NASA astronauts first civilian to travel in space. Shannon Walker and Tracy Ÿ NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson Caldwell Dyson, assigned to a In the USA, Frances \"Poppy\" Northcutt was the first woman to work as was the first female ISS technical staff for the Apollo program. Working in the Mission Control's Ref: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/whm-recent-female-astronauts Mission Planning and Analysis room, Northcutt and her team formulated W and developed the return-to-Earth trajectory that the Apollo 8 crew took The United Nations General Assembly has declared \"World to return from the Moon to Earth. Her Space Week\" as an annual event between October 4 and 10 singular contribution to the Apollo 8 commemorate two important dates in space history: the launch was to ensure accuracy in the of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, on 4 October calculations that lowered the amount 1957; and the signing of the Outer Space Treaty on 10 October of fuel used to swing around the Moon. 1967. World Space Week is officially defined as \"an international Apollo 8 became the first crewed celebration of science and technology, and their contribution to mission to ever leave the Earth's orbit, the betterment of the human condition” and is observed from reached the Moon successfully, October 4-10 in over 95 nations across the globe. orbited it and then returned to Earth safely on 27 December 1968. She was It is reckoned as the largest annual space event in the world. awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom Team Award for her work on For more information, visit https://www.worldspaceweek.org/ Apollo 13 mission. TIP September 2021 53
space station mission from April to As of March 2021, 68 women have origin who have travelled to space. Dr. September 2010. flown in space, including astronauts, Swati Mohan, Yogita Shah, Priyanka cosmonauts, space station Srivastava and Zainab Nagin Cox who Ÿ The 2013 astronaut class was the participants, and payload specialists. have contributed significantly to the Russian Federation, Canada, Japan, success of landmark space first with equal numbers of women European Space Agency (ESA), China, programmes. and men. Korea and Sweden are the other nations who have deputed women to In 2019 Beth Moses became the first Ÿ NASA astronaut Anne McClain travel to space. In addition, women woman commercial astronaut to travel have participated in scientific research to space (sub-orbital). NASA astronaut became the first woman to live on the International Space Station and Megan McArthur is currently serving as aboard the space station as part of have contributed to the technological Pilot of the NASA SpaceX Crew-2 two different crews with other advances achieved in the program. mission to the ISS, launched on 23 women: Serena Auñón-Chancellor Kalpana Chawla, an American April 2021.On 16 September 2021, Sian in 2018 and Christina Koch in 2019. astronaut and engineer, was the first Proctor and Hayley Arceneaux woman of Indian origin to travel to became the first female commercial Ÿ NASA astronauts Jessica Meir and space. Sunita Williams and Sirisha astronauts to orbit on Inspiration. Bandla are the other women of Indian Christina Koch completed the first all-female spacewalk in October 2019. They conducted two more spacewalks together in 2020. Impact of COVID19 on Space Industry Satellite-based information and lack of accessible financing have of Indian space missions are likely to data are becoming increasingly perplexed space players, creating see changes to the intended important in societies' effective business uncertainty and doubt schedules as the partner ecosystem running and economic development amongst customers, employees, needs to get back to a full-fledged as the world digitalizes. The sector's partners, and investors. contributory mode. Over the last two recent expansion has resulted in years, ISRO has gone beyond its unprecedented levels of While many space sector businesses established mandate to help the entrepreneurship and startup activity. appear to be coping with time, a ordinary citizen by ensuring the Investments in space programmes substantial number are struggling, availability of oxygen concentrators to help to foster scientific discovery, particularly small-sized enterprises, provide assistance at the peak of the technological advancement, and which make up most commercial COVID crisis, earning good-will from breakthroughs in commercialized players in the space industry. More all. digital experiences. More than 80 significantly, the groupings of startups, countries already have space incubators, and universities Because of the ISRO's lucrative and programmes, and they are participating in SmallSat development, affordable launch options, many continuously spending substantially in which is a critical source of innovation countries rely on India's capabilities to space missions because they perceive and experimentation, are taking longer launch their small satellites. India has the potential for substantial economic to recover from the COVID shutdown. launched 342 such satellites for 34 gains and competitive advantage for nations over the last two decades. The nations. The Indian enterprise, particularly the pandemic has also significantly country's most popular national space influenced commercial space The socioeconomic catastrophe agency, ISRO, has been impacted as a companies, primarily startups and caused by the COVID pandemic, in result of the COVID pandemic and the academic organizations developing addition to the confinement of citizens slow recovery by partners in the space experiential SmallSats, including Nano globally, may have impacted the ecosystem. Many programmes, and Cube. trajectory of space exploration in the including a few launches, have been same way that all other business delayed and eventually rescheduled, Similarly, ITCA's 75 Student Satellite sectors experienced, with severity including the ambitious Moon mission. mission has been deferred since varying depending on the endeavour. While there were five launches in 2019, academia has been shuttered for over The postponement of launch dates, only two took place in 2020, and one two years, with faculty and students the closure of several satellite this year from the Satish Dhawan not being available on campus to production lines, the shutdown of Space Centre in Sriharikota. Other implement such complex missions. academia and universities, and the major launches and progressive plans 54 TIP September 2021
ISRO Initiatives National Space Agency On the path to Atmanirbhar Bharat Dr K Sivan Sri R Umamaheswaran Sri Radhakrishnan D Dr Pawan Kumar Goenka Chairman, ISRO Scientific Secretary Chairman & Managing Director Chairperson Secretary, DOS ISRO IN-SPACe New Space India Limited 112 82Spacecraft Launch 12 Student 2 Re-entry 342 Foreign Transfer of Technologies Missions Missions Sate;;otes Missions Satellites*** The reforms have from Public to Private (/list-o-re- *** of 34 Countries tasked ISRO with Sector (/list-of- (/launches- (/spacecrat/list entry- identifying and missions) announcing future The reforms have spacecrafts)* sdsc-shar- of-university- opportunities in selected authorized the public sector science and exploration company NSIL to act as the sriharikota- academic- missions for private sector exclusive public-sector participation. Such aggregator for both * Including india)** institute- participation will be demand and supply of promoted through part space assets/ services on a 3 Nano Satellites, 1 Micro satellites) funding by the government. commercial basis, including ISRO will also share best- imaging, communication Satellite ** Including practices, protocols, and transponders, launch other relevant technical services etc. In its role as a Scramjet-TD, RLV-TD and expertise with the private demand aggregator, NSIL sector to enhance their will acquire satellites, Crew Escape System capacity for space activitie launch vehicles, and other assets developed by ISRO The global space Ÿ Building of launch or the private industry. In its economy is currently vehicles and satellites role as a supply aggregator, valued at about USD NSIL will commercialize 360 billion. Despite being Ÿ Sharing of ISRO facilities assets and services like one of the few space faring transponder capacity, nations in the world, India Ÿ Establishment of facilities imaging services, launch accounts for only 2% of the in the Department of capacity etc, on ISRO- space economy. Space (DOS)' premises developed satellites and launch vehicles. In line with the Prime Ÿ Launch campaign and Minister's vision of launch Platforms such as Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Ÿ Space-based services (PSLV) and Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) have promoting private sector Provide a Stable been identified for transfer activity in all high- Regulatory and Policy of technology to the private technology areas including Environment sector in the near future. space to unlock the Ref: ISRO’s Publication on potential of India's youth The reforms have Space Reforms “Unlocking the Space Sector” and entrepreneurs, ISRO strengthened the policy- Indian space contribution 2% of global market share has initiated reforms to making capacity of the Potential to capture enable private entities Department of Space and 95 of global market share by 2030 within the Indian space an exercise has been sector to establish initiated to create new themselves as independent business-friendly policy % of global market share players capable of end-to- frameworks in areas like US 40% end space activities. remote-sensing, satellite UK 7% The implementation communication, and launch India 2% strategy identified by ISRO policies. to open the space sector Announcement of Future Global space economy USD 360B India (in 2019) USD 7B for private participation Opportunities for Private India to grow (by 2024) USD 50B includes: Sector TIP September 2021 55
New Space India Ltd National Space A Govt of India Company under Department of Space Organisation NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a Government of India company under Department of Space and the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), will be the sole nodal agency responsible for providing end-to-end SSLV Launch services for the customer satellites starting from contractual, technical, programmatic, launch campaign, launch and post-launch activities. The major business areas of NSIL include: Ÿ Production of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) through industry Ÿ Production and marketing of space- based services, including launch services and space-based applications like transponder leasing, remote sensing, and mission support services Ÿ Building of Satellites (both Communication and Earth Observation) as per user requirements Ÿ Transfer of technology developed by ISRO centres/ units and constituent institutions of Dept. of Space Ÿ Marketing spin off technologies and products/ services emanating out of ISRO activities Ÿ Consultancy Services Ref: NSIL Website; NSIL’s SSLV Technical Brochure 56 TIP September 2021
Global Satellite Manufacturers: Space An Indicative List Manufacturers Since the launch of the first NITI Aayog member Dr V K Saraswat manufacture. ITCA’s incubated start- satellite Sputnik-1 into an opined that small satellites would ups TMISat in Israel and TSC elliptical low Earth orbit (LEO) in dominate the global space sector and Technologies in India have entered 1957, there are about 3,372 active revealed that 7000 small satellites this exciting area of nanosatellite artificial satellites orbiting the Earth as were expected to be launched by manufacture and have been of 1 January 2021. Industry analyst 2027, with a total value of USD 38 successful in achieving early reports highlight that as of 16 billion. successes. September 2021, about 1,400 new satellites have already begun circling New Space Era has created The following indicative compilation the Earth. opportunities for start-ups and highlights some of the leading entrepreneurs to enter the exciting CubeSat and SmallSat companies that At an industry event last September, area of CubeSat and nanosatellite have been in the news. Organization Website Adcole Maryland Aerospace https://www.adcolemai.com Airbus Defence and Space https://www.airbus.com/space.html Astroscale https://astroscale.com/ Boeing Defense, Space & Security https://www.boeing.com/space/ Endurosat https://www.endurosat.com/ GAUSS Srl https://www.gaussteam.com/ GomSpace https://gomspace.com/home.aspx Harris Corporation https://www.l3harris.com/en -in/india?regional_redirect=en -in Iceye https://www.iceye.com/ INVAP https://www.invap.com.ar/en/ ISIS (Innovative Solutions in Space) https://www.isispace.nl/ Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. https://www.iai.co.il/ JSC Information Satellite Systems http://www.iss-reshetnev.com/ Lockhed Martin Space https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en -us/capabilities/space.html Maxar Space https://www.maxar.com/ Millennium Space Systems http://www.millennium -space.com/ NanoAvionics https://nanoavionics.com/ Northrop Grumman https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/ NSLComm, ISRAEL https://www.nslcomm.com/ OHB SE https://www.ohb.de/en/ OneWeb https://oneweb.net/ Planet Labs https://www.planet.com/ Pumpkin Space Systems https://www.pumpkinspace.com/ Raytheon https://www.raytheonintelligenceandspace.com/ Satixfy https://www.satixfy.com/ Spire https://spire.com/ Surrey Satellite Technologies https://www.sstl.co.uk/ Swarm https://swarm.space/ Thales Alenia Space https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/global/activities/space TSC Technologies Pvt. Ltd https://tsctech.in/ Tyvak https://www.tyvak.com/ 58 TIP September 2021
Intelligence, Surveillance and Upcoming Global Reconnaissance Satellites Space Events Global space missions nations with limited resources UK Space Conference - Virtual Event contribute to focus on domestic 27 - 29 September 2021 significantly to development. With evolving comprehensive socio- international political https://www.ukspace.org/event/uk-space-conference-2021 economic goals besides scenarios, defence forces' International Communications Satellite scientific capacity building demand for small satellites is Systems Conference (ICSSC) and are extremely helpful for expected to progressively national security and increase, with military 27 - 30 September 2021, Arlington, Virginia, USA and virtual surveillance. With the rise in organisations upgrading the https://www.kaconf.com global threats and incidents, capabilities of their satellites to the way armed forces boost operational capabilities. SATCOMS execute their ISR operations 27 September - 1 October 2021, London, UK has evolved drastically. In Globally, several nations' today's world of increasing military and defence https://satcoms.theiet.org global hardship, Intelligence, departments are focused Surveillance, and increasingly on deploying Ka and Broadband Communications Conference Reconnaissance (ISR) is SmallSats for ISR capabilities. 28 - 30 September 2021, Arlington, Virginia, USA and virtual increasingly being utilised to The US Department of monitor in real-time battle Defense (DoD) has created a https://www.kaconf.com devastation while also committee to oversee small enabling foreign policy satellite activities throughout SATCOMS measures to combat the department and services, 27 September - 1 October 2021, London, UK terrorism. Real-time with intentions to invest in 100 information sharing and small satellites (source https://satcoms.theiet.org prompt transmission of SATELLITE 2021 conference) information acquired in the The Space Summit field is vital to mission The Boeing Company, Israel 30 September - 1 October 2021, Boston, USA accomplishment. The Aerospace Industries, growing relevance of Northrop Grumman https://selectbiosciences.com/conferences information-based military Corporation, ISS-Reshetnev, operations, as well as the SpaceX, Lockheed Martin CyberSatGov huge need for real-time Corporation, Raytheon 5 - 7 October 2021, Aerospace Corporation and situational awareness, is Company, Thales Group, expected to drive the Mitsubishi Electric Hyatt Regency Reston, Virginia, USA demand for (ISR) satellites in Corporation, and GE Aviation https://www.cybersatsummit.com/ the future. As a result, this are the significant competitors Satellite Innovation segment will make up the in the military satellites bulk of worldwide military industry. 5 - 7 October 2021, Computer History Museum, space-based spending Silicon Valley, California, USA during the following Given the increasing demand decades. and necessity for national https://2021.satelliteinnovation.com security solutions, ISR systems Because most modern for both surface and Space Tech Expo USA surveillance systems have a underwater surveillance are 6 - 8 October 2021, Long Beach, California, USA limited operational life, the being implemented. Many military satellites sector is governments worldwide have http://www.spacetechexpo.com expected to spend more had significant success by resources replacing older using modern ISR Space + Terrestrial - the IoT Connection space technology with technologies such as satellite 7 October 2021, virtual event newer ones. The industry is reconnaissance, unmanned also changing in response to aerial systems, and sensor https://www.century21comms.com technological platforms. These intelligence advancements, lower costs, and surveillance solutions NAB Show and shorter manufacturing come in various forms, 9 - 13 October 2021, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA periods. Because of including optical, radar, breakthroughs in infrared, pictures, and https://www.nabshow.com miniaturisation, the cost of electronic signals, and can be building satellites has sent via portable devices or SPACEtalks significantly dropped, allowing orbiting satellites. 19 October 2021, London, UK The worldwide military https://www.spacetalks.biz satellites market is anticipated to reach $61.56 billion in 2025. International Symposium on Antennas and Propogation 19 – 22 October 2021, virtual Event TIP September 2021 https://www.isap2021.org PocketQube Workshop 21 - 22 October 2021, TBD https://www.pocketqubeworkshop.com Space Generation Congress 21 - 23 October 2021, Dubai, UAE https://spacegeneration.org 59
Space 4.0: Pathways for Business Commercial Exploitation ABpupsrinoeascsh The industrial revolution (Industry scale to observe the Earth will be The possible availability of 4.0) over the last few years is “instrumental in helping address global construction metals (metals, water, influencing the space sector. challenges such as climate change etc.) in space on surfaces of planetary The investments being made today to and furthering of scientific discovery bodies or asteroids provided an option drive innovation in R&D and and innovation”. to use additive manufacturing to build contemporary production processes colonies, settlements, and other would generate wealth tomorrow and The value of data from space should infrastructure elements without having in the future. be assessed from the perspective of to carry prefabricated structures out of vendors in the public and private the Earth's gravitational field. Use The first era of space, ‘Space 1.0’, can domains who produce and consume cases of AM can also include be considered to be the early study of such data. With the satellite launch manufacturing replacement astronomy (the Sun, Moon, and stars). costs having reduced, access to components in space, and recycling in The next era, ‘Space 2.0’, came about satellite data becomes easier and space, reducing the mass that must be with rocket technology, development open to commercial markets, which in carried from Earth. of satellites and culminating in the race turn will usher in enhancement of the for Moon landings in the 1960s. Space quality of our lives, improved safety While AM technology seems to have 3.0 emerged in the 1990s with the and preservation of the earth. immense potential, the challenges that establishment of the International will need to be addressed are Space Station and identification of Space is growing at a fast pace, and qualification and certification of 3D space as the global destination for co- we are likely to see more than 1200 manufactured space hardware to operation and partnership. satellites being launched per year in withstand harsh environments and the next 3 years (2022-2025). While the limited options for repair; availability of Today, we are in the early years of positive news is that space is electricity in spacecraft to drive 3D Space 4.0, based on contemporary globalizing with more spacefaring printing units; feasibility to automate innovations and new space nations, the cautionary notice is that 3D printing processes for set-up, applications that are democratizing space is getting crowded, and that support, and post-processing as these access of space for all citizens, and space could transition from a benign rely on human participation. with immense potential to drive global environment to a contested one. growth. Some of the critical issues that will Space additive manufacturing is likely require a wider debate amongst the Till a few years ago, space was to emerge as a game changer in extended stakeholders include the characterized by government Space 4.0 given its potential to enable commitment to sustain investments in spending: the high costs and the risks production of low-cost satellites, space and satellite capabilities for associated with space exploration lighter and efficient rockets to take global benefits; methodologies to restricted the sector to space agencies cargos into orbit, and facilitate human protect the space environment; of governments, and with minimal space travel. The recent achievements architecture and development of opportunities for private sector by global space players have brought space systems for interoperability; and participation. We are now seeing a in an era of commercial human space methods to progress space operations paradigm shift with the advent of travel. in a sustainable manner. contemporary technological advances and a resurgent entrepreneurial spirit Additive manufacturing (AM) is a To thrive on the challenges, we will that is shaping a new space economy. critical technology as it enables need to proactively progress initiatives Space 4.0 is witnessing the entry of manufacturers to optimize weight of on multiple fronts and addressing the start-ups, entrepreneurs and private systems built to reach space. AM can aspirations of all stakeholders. This businesses, participation by academia, help in slashing the cost of commercial would require a close integration of and citizens, leveraging the space activities by pushing the the society and economy built on a overarching structure of digitalisation envelope to develop advanced solid foundation of innovation in and global interaction. materials, replace metals hitherto used science and technology. in spaceborne systems, and promote According to Microsoft the processing the use of high-performance polymers of data collected from space at cloud- and composites. TIP September 2021 61
Tel Aviv, Israel A platform for EMBRACING SPACE INGENUITY FUND RAISING Fund Aggregator for India’s 75 Satellites Mission ENGINEERING CONSULTING and PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Editor-In-Chief The Engineering of SmallSats New Year's Gree ngs. Let us aspire for more spectacular space missions this year. The space sector has grown transforming the space sector and L V Muralikrishna Reddy, PhD dramatically in recent years and attracting a large number of investors. President is now seen as an important growth engine for the global economy. Because of the availability of niche Indian Technology Congress Tourism, mass and mega launches, technologies that are revolutionizing Association moon, mars, asteroid missions, and advancements in Small Satellite deployment of the Webb observatory capabilities, heralding a golden age in current term, thoughts on Indian were highlightes in 2021. The year 2022 space engineering with never-before- reusable rocket projects, expectations promises to be yet another fantastic seen applications, hence more and from Indian start-ups and sign of the private sector expanding its more organizations from both the conglomerates, the ambitious hold over modern space and enabling corporate and public sectors are Gaganyaan Programme, and related Space Industrialization to progress. joining the bandwagon on a global international collaborations. He scale. The next stage of development expressed optimism despite the The year-on-year global payload may see more countries enter this ongoing pandemic. In that spirit, we deployments increased by 29%, domain, transforming \"spacefaring look forward to him succeeding in all of fourteen civilians experienced space nations\" into \"nations of spacecrafts,\" his endeavours and propelling the tourism, ushering in a new age of allowing for better access to the sector Indian space sector to new heights. space exploration, and international at a lower cost and a faster pace, and Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has launch attempts reached a record high thereby building a better perception of voiced his support for start-ups and of 145, mainly owing to SpaceX's space and its potential resources. declared 16 January to be India's Start- Starlink and OneWeb missions. This is up Day. Recognizing India's unprecedented, and there has never Following a two-year pause due to the entrepreneurial prowess, he added that been a more exciting or better time to pandemic, the Department of Space the country now has over 60,000 be part of the global space ecosystem. (DOS) and its organizations, ISRO, NSIL, registered start-ups and more than 80 Influential commercial factors, evolving and IN-SPACe, have regained unicorns, 42 of which entered the club technologies, and human imagination momentum and announced a slew of last year. The Prime Minister referred to are driving the new space sector to new missions for 2022, including the current decade as India's \"techade\" completely unexplored heights. Gaganyaan, India's first human and detailed three essential Furthermore, the explosive growth of spacecraft mission, and Chandrayaan- components of significant changes that the space industry has resulted in 3, a moon exploration programme. In the government is implementing to large-scale entrepreneurship and addition, the government began the strengthen the innovation, exceptional start-up culture. year by appointing Shri S Somanath, a entrepreneurship, and start-up distinguished scientist and Director of ecosystem. The already burgeoning The first space race, which began sixty the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, as space economy will be bolstered even years ago, resulted in several Secretary of the DOS and Chairman of more by government backing for start- breakthrough innovations that have ISRO. It is a wonderful start for Indian up business models, and we hope to contributed to the advancement of space in 2022; congratulations to the see many entrepreneurs in this new society on Earth, such as enhanced new commander of Indian Space industry. computing processing power, wireless research, and advance best wishes for communications, and intelligent phenomenal success in the ISRO's The ITCA's audacious 75 Students materials, to name a few. The current current and forthcoming missions as Satellites initiative, which has been well and ongoing Space Race 2 will offer well as for their efforts to transform acknowledged and widely praised by a greater and mind-boggling India into a space hub. range of organizations, including technological innovations that will government bodies, is steadily culminate in whole novel applications Shri S Somanath emphasizes the progressing towards commemorating for humanity's and the planet's needs. importance of opening India's mostly India's Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. The Furthermore, with the advancement of govt-run space sector to private national space agency ISRO has miniaturization and digitalization in the enterprises and budding investors. In constituted a Project Monitoring current race, small satellites like an exclusive interview with the media, Committee (PMC) to mentor and guide NanoSats and CubeSats are the Chairman shared his vision for the TIP January 2022 05
the mission's determined satellites in space are development cycle. This signal the beginning of and passionate personnel. helping to solve some of project applauds the international knowledge The mentoring will help the world's most pressing government's ambition for exchange efforts on space boost teams’ confidence challenges. ITCA is placing changing school education programmes and value and the zeal of the India's academia on the and assisting students in addition to the ongoing 75 participating institutions cutting edge of space developing abilities to Sat mission. collaborating on this technological innovations address future society endeavour. The mission's by designing, developing concerns fearlessly. Space captivates the success can also be and launching student-built imagination, providing credited to the Prime satellites as part of its The 9th edition of ITCA's endless boundaries to Minister's vision, which was mission, which has been Indian Technology explore and innumerable announced during the nurtured for the past three Congress (ITC2021), with the technological challenges to United Nations General years. The leading theme \"Satellites for overcome. As a result, Assembly in September scientists, brilliant Everyone and Space for space has become an 2021. institutions, and ever- Everyone,\" was conducted inseparable component of learning students engaged digitally in September 2021. our way of life, influencing ITCA is expanding space are all part of its efforts to Over 15,000 delegates from nearly every facet of human scholarly expertise & realise the aim. throughout the country civilization. From commerce competencies and applying participated, thanks to the and trade to climate them to mission objectives The joining of the strategic partnership with forecasts, global through its well-structured Government of Karnataka Chandigarh University. In networking, scientific mandate and well- as a strategic partner in the addition, the World- research, national security, applauded strategy while development and UNITYSat Programme, and other applications, bridging knowledge gaps deployment of the KG3Sat - which involves 75 nations society relies on and and increasing student the Karnataka Government associating and providing expects to utilize space competitiveness. These School Students' Satellite - domain knowledge for capabilities for human actions are likely to result in is yet another gem in the CubeSat missions, was comforts. The year 2022 ground-breaking mission's crown. This officially launched at the may determine whether the accomplishments in the CubeSat, which may be the Congress. The global next great thing in space is new space revolution and first of its sort in India, is organizations UNISEC and achievable and whether or would benefit transactional distinguished by including WCRC, in partnership with not space will be viable in academia and industry in government school ITCA, who are driving these the years ahead the days ahead. Small children in the initiatives, will undoubtedly Imagineering ITCA’s 75 Students’ Satellites Constellation 06 TIP January 2022
Advisor 75 Students’ Satellites Mission Implemen ng Systems Engineering Framework Development of 75 Students’ Satellites The Indian Technology Congress Association (ITCA) promoted the Prof. R.M. Vasagam mission of conceiving, building, launching, and operating CubeSat Vice President class satellites by Students of Indian Academic Institutions synchronising with the celebration of 75 years of India’s Indian Technology Congress Independence in 2022 throws formidable challenges for time-tested Association Systems Engineering tools and techniques. Such tools and techniques have proven in the successful completion of ambitious opportunities for scientific and space missions as well as missile programmes in the past. Now it is application payloads for driving time-bound goal-oriented mission mode projects globally. communication and remote sensing The projects are highly interdisciplinary and comprise hundreds and payloads in shorter timeframes. World thousands of interconnected activities and need to be completed over more than 2500 missions have from the concept stage onwards with time and resource constraints. take place itself an indication to The 75 students’ satellites programme is applying a systems demonstrate democratisation of space engineering approach from the initial stage. technology and blending Experiential Learning for making students future The mission begins with work launch readiness. ready. breakdown structure subsystems identification project There are tasks in connection with Innovative ideas are to emerge from team formation, make buy options, launch vehicle interface like orbit School and college students for model philosophy, reliability and needed, vehicle performance and mapping the natural resources, disaster quality plan, parts, materials and test margins, payload volume and dynamic mitigation, emergency communication plans, mission operations plans and envelope, environmental levels, areas. There is urgent need for high project management and progress coupled loads analysis, static and efficiency low thrust propulsion monitoring and budget and cash flow. dynamic balancing requirements, systems and most importantly de Extensive documentation and intensive thermal modeling, Electromagnetic orbiting systems at the end of mission reviews keep track of the progress and interference and compatibility, life. Also plans for formation flying for midcourse corrections and fallback separation induced disturbances, global connectivity are to be tested options, waivers for non-conformance, sequencing in case of multiple and validated. launch vehicle interface, mechanical satellites in same launch, integration on and electrical interfaces and ground the vehicle and prelaunch operations There are also Cube Sat projects for stations compatibility. All activities and launch control centre operations, orbiting the moon and Mars being progress with continuous monitoring launch abort procedures. These are supported by Space agencies. and months days and hours count. The concurrent tasks to be completed teams have to have information while satellite building tasks are System studies for such missions will systems accessible by all team progressing. trigger more and more students to join members and impact of shortfall in in such efforts. performance in any subsystem has to Through the application of above be analysed and rectified by change in methodology the satellite is made The curriculum should have systems hardware and software. Configuration ready. One can say that student built engineering to be taught as an Management and Change control to be satellites have matured from the days interdisciplinary elective with lab documented and waivers granted after of CubeSats developed by California integrated course on Cube Sat based reviews without jeopardising the Polytechnic College in 1998 and have developments in academic institutions. mission success should be criteria for evolved as platforms for innovative approaches and has provided Let the 75 Students’ Satellites Mission to fructify in 2022 make India a global hub of innovation and entrepreneurship in this exciting field of space technology and provide talented and competitive human resource for national and international missions TIP January 2022 07
Cover Story Engineering for NewSpace: Era of Small Satellites Engineering has advanced to form multiples ranging from two to undergoing this change, and they will considerably over the course of twenty-four units. Because of their most certainly become more sixty years of high-tech space small size and weight, they are easier complicated in the coming years as flights and more than fifty years since and less expensive to launch as a tools for addressing unsolved scientific the first Apollo lunar landing. Engineers payload on a rocket. Because a large concerns. Fortunately, at this early and scientists have made significant number of these SmallSats may be stage of the new space era, the advances in fields such as rocket launched as secondary payloads with continual march toward miniaturization propulsion, onboard computers, and larger spacecraft, they are commonly and the growth of digital technology space operations, thanks in part to used for Earth observation and low- presents huge opportunities. early investments and commitments cost science projects. Miniature from national space agencies such as spacecraft have already had an impact Space systems are interdisciplinary NASA, the Russian Federation Space on civilization and have the potential to endeavours involving a varied variety of Agency (RFSA), the European Space make an even greater impact in the persons, each with their own set of Agency (ESA), the Indian Space future. Small satellites, such as talents and prior experiences, allowing Research Organization (ISRO), the CubeSats and NanoSats, are leading for information sharing and intelligence Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency the way in this field, addressing a wide exchange throughout the design and (JAXA), and others. range of pressing social issues such as development process. Engineering will, climate change, good governance, without a doubt, be crucial throughout Space engineering has evolved from education, and healthcare, among the project's lifecycle, which includes the days of unrelenting efforts sixty others. design, production, testing, years ago into a network of deployment, and post-launch support. interconnected technological solutions Because they cannot use current large To complete the missions successfully, that enable exciting new space components, actuators, or thrusters, it is considered necessary to have an missions, such as today's small satellite these small space vehicles have great interdisciplinary understanding of the revolution. Tourists are now being sent advantages but must overcome severe spacecraft as well as domain into space, which could someday obstacles and limits. Because of the knowledge of the components. permit planet colonization, land probes small and limited capacity of the Diagrammatic reasoning, prototype on comets, and travel further back in onboard CPU, they cannot perform at modelling, systems engineering, time than ever anticipated, all of which the same level as much larger concept mapping, knowledge graphs, will contribute to the space sector's satellites. This interdisciplinary project interoperability, and hierarchical transformation over the next few driven by core engineering addresses component architectures are also decades. the technological challenges inherent required, as is an understanding of how in a new era of satellite alignment these may enhance or facilitate space Technology miniaturization has systems and space manoeuvres with a system design. enabled a wide range of spacecraft diverse range of creative applications. dimensions with capabilities equivalent CPSs are designed modules that rely to those of traditional larger ones. The design of any system or process on the interaction of computational and These spacecraft operate in never ends if allowed to continue. physical components. Future space constellations and are used for Earth Because such maturity is extremely systems must have a stronger studies, communications, and difficult to gauge, developers are correlation between cyber (processing, catastrophe monitoring. Small satellites encouraged to keep developing communication) and physical (sensing, can weigh anywhere from 100 kg to 1 features until an external force compels actuation) aspects onboard in order to kilogramme. CubeSats are small them to pause or cease. The same may survive the hazardous extraterrestrial satellites made out of aluminum be said of the process of constructing environment and effectively modules that measure about 10 cm x small satellites, as technology accomplish epic missions. Powerful 10 cm x 10 cm (just under four inches breakthroughs continue to offer up new engineering insights will aid space square, or 1U) and weigh one to two possibilities for ever-expanding global missions through cyber-physical kilograms each. They can be combined and human applications. SmallSats are integration projects. TIP January 2022 09
Because of developments strain rates, are the 3D printing tiny opportunities for in telemetry, tracking, and foundations for satellite components of enormous contributing and growing in command-and-control structural development, space structures on the the business. satellites, next-generation which necessitates strong ground and assembling ground systems are a top interdisciplinary technical them in orbit significantly Aerospace specialists, for satellite technology trend. skills. Designing scientific reduces the complexity of example, may work on Ground stations use radio- payloads such as impact space manufacturing. environmental analyses and frequency (RF) detector payloads, data Another notable factor is control systems, whereas communication terminals acquisition boards, satellite Internet of Things mechanical engineers may such as electronically- software for camera (IoT), which allows work on structures and steered and phased-array payload data handling exceptional connectivity layout mechanisms, antennas to track satellites units, ground stations for computer scientists may across organizations while test and develop data with little human input. On data transmission, and so also enhancing 5G and communication software, the commercial side, on are examples of upcoming 6G capabilities. and electrical engineers ground stations support technological undertakings. At the same time, satellite may design and test the software-defined satellites These activities are manufacturers and electrical power subsystem by providing virtualized interdisciplinary in nature operators are introducing (EPS) and other electrical ground networks. These and are founded on basic technological advances to systems. Chemical technologies enable engineering principles. The both ground stations and engineers, on the other satellites to autonomously high expenses of orbital services. Satellites hand, will investigate reallocate, reconfigure, and developing satellites and can do more complex tasks thermal aspects, materials, manage massive amounts their subsystems for the on their own thanks to control theory, and so on. of bandwidth in order to hostile space environment digitized payloads, While mechanical and satisfy the needs of an are decreased by using propulsion systems, and aerospace engineering expanding number of end additive manufacturing technologies such as students learn orbital users. technology. Satellite Artificial Intelligence (AI). mechanics, spacecraft manufacturers are currently dynamics and control, and Engineering is broadening 3D manufacturing satellite ITCA's current 75-student spacecraft design, there are its concepts, capabilities, buses, customised satellite mission is a numerous sensors and and procedures by utilizing payloads, and rocket national project that brings electronic equipment that an integrated digital engines in satellite students from various require electrical framework, allowing for the launchers. Satellite parts science and engineering engineering students' prospect of reinventing that are customized and departments from 75 competence. We also need what is possible in the most complex are digitally partner institutes and computer scientists and complex professions in the twinned and 3D printed. By secondary schools astronomers for research modern space sector. accelerating prototyping together. Students are that missions. This CubeSat Material characterisation and testing of satellites and extra factor whose project is the result of a and material modelling, their components, this participation in projects like partnership between with a focus on dynamic saves manufacturing lead ITCA's expands engineering and science material behavior at high time and costs. Similarly, students. We are entering a new era of engineering with businesses like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic. Technology is always evolving, and new inventions are discovered on a regular basis. Science and engineering push the boundaries of technology to create new applications and small satellites that will last for centuries to come 10 TIP January 2022
Contemporary News Advancing Start-ups in NewSpace Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the private sector through Global trends are also pointing in the declared January 16 as 'Start-up' knowledge transfer. The Union Cabinet same direction, with the space industry day, saying that while small approved the establishment of the absorbing and leveraging developing enterprises form the backbone of the Indian National Space Promotion and technologies such as sophisticated Indian economy, Start-ups are game Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) in satellite systems, big data, 3D printing, changers. Recalling the current decade 2020 to serve as a single-window, 5G, and quantum technology to scale- as India's \"techade,\" the Prime Minister independent nodal agency between up activities in space. Significant work outlined three key parts of the ISRO and private firms in order to and investments are also being made significant reforms that the government maximise India's space resources. The in the NewSpace business in the fields is doing in this decade to boost the draft of the new \"Spacecom Policy\" to of smart propulsion, space traffic innovation, entrepreneurship, and start- authorise and promote private management, and space robotics to up ecosystem. The government has participation in the field of space- facilitate movement, communications, defined six themes: 'Growing from based encrypted communication was and activities between Earth and Roots,' 'Nudging the DNA,' 'From Local released by the Department of Space space. In the context of a multifold to Global,' 'Technology of the Future,' in October 2020. Furthermore, ISRO increase in space traffic, start-ups are 'Building Champions in Manufacturing,' delivered Chandrayaan-2 data in focusing on developing and scaling-up and 'Sustainable Development.' September 2021, after the orbiter has small satellites (CubeSats and been operational for two years. The NanoSats) to reduce the cost of The Prime Minister also stated that the goal is to involve academia, students, launching vehicles into space, as well government's goal is to institutionalise and other scientific stakeholders in the as constructing reusable launch creativity in the country by instilling a analysis of data for future advances. vehicles to provide affordable access to space. Start-ups like Space Inventor desire for innovation in kids from an Six decades ago, India's foray into are assembling subsystems with early age. \"More than 9,000 Atal space began with the establishment of thermal stability, insulation, and Tinkering Labs are offering students an the national space agency, the Indian mechanical ruggedness into modules opportunity to innovate in schools and Space Research Organization. After to manufacture small satellites in order work on new ideas,\" he said, adding beginning as predominantly a to shorten the time frame for building that \"whether it is new drone rules or government endeavour, space activity SmallSats. EnduroSat, another start-up, new space policy, the government's in India is gaining impetus in the private is focusing on establishing robust data objective is to provide as many youths sector. India is making significant handling of up to ten payloads, as possible with possibilities for strides in the space technology sector, increasing efficiency, and enabling invention.\" Outlining the many and associated innovation is drawing secure communications for telemetry government initiatives, PM Modi stated the attention of investors. To keep the and telecommands via high-speed X- that India had 60,000 registered value chain sustainable and on track band and K-band frequencies. companies and over 80 unicorns, 42 of for continuing healthy growth, start-ups which joined the club last year. and SMEs must participate, innovate, In a staged approach, the government collaborate, and distribute their and ISRO have taken substantial products, solutions, and services initiatives to foster and develop start- through the global space industry ups. The government announced the network. This is essential for both formation of New Space India Limited upstream (space technology) and (NSIL) in the 2019 budget, with the downstream (space data applications) mission of mass-producing and start-ups (downstream). manufacturing small satellite launch vehicles (SSLVs) and polar satellite While the uber-wealthy and space launch vehicles (PSLVs) in collaboration enthusiasts initially funded global spacetech enterprises, recent investments have increasingly been made by venture capitalists, private equity, and now huge corporations. The NewSpace business is defined by the need for patient capital, significant capital expenditure, and the fact that it has yet to totally disengage from government and public sector support. TIP January 2022 11
Another US-based start-up doubling the amount raised SpaceTech Unicorns Momentus is attempting to just two years ago. This make space travel tendency is expected to Unicorns are privately held start-up firms with valuations of affordable by developing continue this year, $1 billion or more. It is exciting to see a number of unicorns in reusable rockets that will according to Carissa NewSpace. An indicative list is given below for reference; de-orbit to another orbit Christensen, CEO of following the final drop-off. BryceTech. ” These The reusable vehicle has expenditures are being robotic arms and is capable driven by technological of conducting proximity developments that have manoeuvres, docking, and made it feasible for private refuelling, making it well- enterprises, not just national suited for a wide range of space agencies, to create in-orbit services. modern space technology and launch things into Arctic Space Technologies, space. a Swedish start-up, adds processing capacity to the According to industry software-driven ground analysts (ref: NSR's station. Instead of Emerging Space transmitting satellite data Investment Analysis, 3rd directly to the cloud and Edition study (ESIA3)), a perhaps encountering data potential equilibrium bottlenecks, the start-up between investment decentralises processing activity from Venture power near to the station. Capitalists (VC), traditional Their innovative technology investors, and governments provides real-time is taking place. The majority processing with no latency of the recent arrivals in the Horizon Projects and The consortium \"New while decreasing network satellite ecosystem are Public-Private Partnerships Symphonie,\" directed by traffic and storage analytics companies that (PPP) Euroconsult and requirements. exploit space-derived data, ANYWAVES, has brought although they command According to Satsearch, the together 20 firms under one According to a recent New less money due to their global space industry umbrella to lead NewSpace York Times report, reduced capital marketplace, collaboration solutions research for \"investors are spending requirements. Earth and partnership techniques space-based more money into space Observation and have shown to be one of communication. technologies than ever Communications, on the the most successful ways Furthermore, the \"UN:IO before.\" According to the other hand, are maturing to achieve common goals consortium,\" comprised of space analytics business and require bigger sums of in the space sector, and this Mynaric, Isar Aerospace, BryceTech, space start-ups financing to support their trend is expected to Reflex Aerospace, and raised more than $7 billion growth and pay for their continue. For example, in NanoAvionics, will begin in 2020, more than infrastructure. December 2021, Europe construction on an produced two of the largest independent European 12 consortiums of enterprises satellite communications united toward the shared network aim of improving the NewSpace ecosystem. TIP January 2022
National Space News Shri S Somanath assumes charge as Secretary, DoS & Chairman of ISRO Shri S Somanath, Director, Vikram design, structural dynamics, and Society of India. He received the Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) has pyrotechnics. 'Merit Award' and 'Performance been appointed as Secretary, Excellence Award' from ISRO and a Department of Space and Chairman, Shri. Somanath obtained B. Tech in \"Team Excellence Award' for GSLV Space Commission. He is known for Mechanical Engineering from TKM Mk-III development. his contributions to launch vehicle College of Engineering, Kollam, design, particularly in the areas of Kerala and Master’s in Aerospace He is a Fellow of the Indian National systems engineering, structural Engineering from Indian Institute of Academy of Engineering (INAE), a Science, Bangalore, specializing in Fellow of the Aeronautical Society Structures, Dynamics, and Control of India (AeSI), Astronautical Society with a Gold Medal. He joined of India (ASI), and a Corresponding Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Member of the International (VSSC) in 1985 and was a team Academy of Astronautics (IAA). He leader for the Integration of PSLV is in the bureau of the International during the early phases. Astronautical Federation (IAF) and a recipient of the National He is the recipient of the 'Space Aeronautics Prize from the Gold Medal' from the Astronautical Aeronautical Society of India (AeSI). Excerpts from interac on with the Media and press… Concerning ISRO's initiatives to remain Shri S Somanath, Chairman, competitive in a global market where Indian Space Research utilised to fulfil global demand. launch costs (per kg to orbit) are falling Organization (ISRO), has made it dramatically, he stated that it was about a priority to open up India's largely When asked about India's portion of simplifying systems, utilising more state-run space industry to private the USD440 billion global space commercial items to streamline enterprises and stakeholders and to economy being less than 2% and manufacturing processes, and enable it to operate in its true spirit. ISRO's efforts to increase it, he stated conceiving re-usability of rockets similar that the critical element was to serve to planes. the demands of Indian consumers As Chairman, he also lauded ISRO for its In an exclusive interview with the economically. excellent team and center-level leadership. He views his tenure as a media, the Chairman discussed his Shri Somanath believes that Indian chance to motivate his team and to help vision for the remainder of his tenure, private enterprises (start-ups and them realise their goal via the his thoughts on Indian reusable rocket established giants) should play a establishment of a support structure. He projects, his expectations of Indian greater role in space applications by expressed optimism that the ISRO team start-ups and conglomerates, the developing, manufacturing, and will generate more innovative ideas, ambitious Gaganyaan Program and its launching spacecraft and rockets. while he, as Chairman, would assess the associated international collaborations, Additionally, the seasoned rocket ideas' national and futuristic significance and much more. scientist sees tremendous promise in and seek government backing to execute them. He is a fervent believer According to Shri Somanath, the ten Indian space start-ups functioning that with the backing of the Indian process of easing India's space in a variety of fields. people and all stakeholders in the space programme, it would become a sector's openness is lengthy. This \"It is really high; they are motivated and reality. entails enacting legislation and proactive in their efforts...It is not S Somanath officially takes charge as regulations for new entrants, providing simple... a great deal of expertise is them with possibilities while also Secretary Of DoS & necessary...Sharing expertise from Chairman Of ISRO lowering their barriers to ISRO is critical for their success. I look Photo credit: @ISRO/Twitter entrepreneurship and creativity. \"My forward to seeing them succeed, on responsibility will be to initiate the their own initiative and with the process immediately, with the goal of assistance of competent individuals seeing results in a few years. These developed by the space programme,\" include new businesses developing he said when questioned about the and launching rockets from India, likelihood of Indian space start-ups private enterprises developing launching their own rockets in the next satellites, and applications being two years. TIP January 2022 13
ISRO’s Missions Envisaged during explore the Sun's atmosphere and has Photo credit: indiatoday.in 2022 chosen L1, or Lagrangian point 1, Some of the ISRO missions scheduled between the Earth and the Sun, as the Bengaluru, meant to offer Gaganyaan- during 2022 include: location for the Aditya satellite. For this specific training will be utilized. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) purpose, the spaceship will travel 1.5 that is used to launch satellites, and million kilometres from Earth. It will ISRO is currently working out the transport 500 kg payload to an altitude conduct extensive research on the exercise recovery of the crew module of 500 km is set to launch in the first processes that occur in the Sun's after impacting in the sea with in-flight quarter of 2022. SSLV is a three-stage, atmosphere, allowing scientists to demonstrations of the Crew Escape all-solid vehicle designed to transport solve lingering challenges in solar System functioning in the lower several satellite-like nano, micro, and physics. atmosphere (less than 10 Kms). Before tiny satellites. SSLV would contribute to The ambitious Moon mission the Indian space agency's first human meeting the worldwide launch services successor, Chandrayaan 3 will most spaceflight, two uncrewed flights are market's need for tiny satellites. likely be launched in the third quarter planned. Two crewless flights are The radar imaging satellite RISAT-1A scheduled before the maiden human PSLV C5-2 which is targeted for a Photo credit: aerospace-technology.com spaceflight launch by the Indian space February 2022 launch will be the sixth agency. In one of the crewless flights, of 2022. In contrast to its predecessor, ISRO has planned to send a humanoid Photo credit: isro.gov.in Chandrayaan 3 will not carry an orbiter, robot named Vyommitra to low-earth but will instead carry a lander and a orbit. The robot will mimic the space RISAT satellite in the ISRO's RISAT rover to examine the lunar surface. crew activities set for the human flight series. The remote sensing satellite mission in order to assess all the was designed to survey terrains and ISRO is also preparing to launch its first possible challenges prior to the final investigate the Earth's various land unmanned mission in 2022 as part of mission. areas and oceans. the Gaganyaan mission. The first ISRO intends to launch its first mission crewed Gaganyaan mission is ISRO is also planning to launch other to investigate the glorious Sun by the expected to be launched in 2023, satellites in 2022, including Oceansat-3 middle of 2022. positioning India as the fourth country (EOS-6) and Microsat (EOS-2). Also The Aditya-L1 solar mission was in the world to do so after the United planned is the launch of GSAT-21, the originally scheduled for the first half of States, Russia, and China. All the first fully funded satellite of NSIL (New 2020 but was postponed to this new systems needed for the first unmanned Space India Limited). To be completely date because to the ongoing COVID-19 mission are getting realised. For this owned and operated by NSIL, the epidemic. This is ISRO's first mission to mission, a dedicated astronaut training GSAT-21 will meet the DTH (Direct to centre that has been established in Home) application needs. ISRO has also announced three new space research missions: DISHA (a twin aeronomy satellite mission), TRISHNA (for accurate mapping of land surface temperatures), and a Venus expedition. ISRO is currently working out the exercise recovery of the crew module after impacting in the sea with in-flight demonstrations of the Crew Escape System functioning in the lower atmosphere (less than 10 Kms) 14 TIP January 2022
Lead Article Engineering in a Cube Students' driven SmallSats The idea of creating a compact Institutions that are launching their first methodologies is the most critical and cube-shaped spaceship first CubeSat efforts frequently use one- first step in every CubeSat project. Any surfaced in 1999. CubeSats were unit CubeSats with limited missions. space programme uses systems originally designed for educational Despite their small size, 1U CubeSats engineering as an interdisciplinary purposes, assisting students in can record and send enormous approach and mechanism for effective becoming acquainted with the space amounts of data to ground stations implementation. Teams of engineers, environment, and were dubbed using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) testers, and designers from varied university-class CubeSats. CubeSats components including phone cameras, backgrounds, ambitions, and levels of are rapidly being employed for radiometers, and beacons. expertise will be formed to complete scientific, governmental, and CubeSats are modular, standard, and the cubists' intended tasks. commercial objectives in addition to general-purpose basic structures education. based on open-source designs. Cubes A student-associated CubeSat project's are several orders of magnitude less life cycle will include various phases Despite the high demand for CubeSat expensive while providing nearly the and steps. The diagram represents a development, CubeSat systems fail on same performance. A massive \"cottage typical sequence of steps. A 1U a regular basis due to a lack of industry\" has sprung up around the CubeSat experiment could benefit technical principles used in the CubeSat design, addressing from the agile technique. The phases process. This is due to a range of \"professional\" applications with space- of a project's life cycle can be divided factors, including, to mention a few, the rated gear. NASA has developed into tiny iterative steps, and testing tools utilised, the models, and the CubeSat hardware (Pi-Sat) as well as scenarios can be devised to detect and students' levels of experience. The software (CFS). It is possible for remedy flaws early in the project. value of systems engineering in enthusiasts to contribute to a larger ensuring the success of these missions aerospace project or a CubeSat. The The structure is a critical component of cannot be overstated. Because of the unusual CubeSat architecture ushers in all space missions, including CubeSats. use of internal or self-generated a new paradigm for studying our Solar In general, the structural subsystem's requirements emerging from an System's numerous components. goal is to build a basic and robust educational purpose or for other A strategy must be devised in order to structure that can endure launch forces reasons, certain colleges and research execute an effective satellite while also providing a favourable institutes may focus on system and development project. Understanding environment for other subsystems to component level design while ignoring the principles of systems engineering operate in. Furthermore, the framework the comprehensive elicitation of needs mechanically supports all other required previously. Typical ITCA’s 1U CubeSat Platform Design spacecraft components, attaches the spacecraft to the launch vehicle, and permits ordnance-activated separation. In general, structural design should seek for simple load paths, simpler interfaces, and easy integration. The design of space structural systems is governed by mass, stiffness, and strength criteria. On the one hand, stiffness is required to ensure the endurance of the instruments; on the other hand, by reducing weight, it is possible to increase the payload, thereby extending the mission goals and lowering the launch cost. Because a satellite's structural and mechanical components account for a significant amount of its mass, it is vital to select TIP January 2022 15
Image courtesy: TSC Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 16 TIP January 2022
75 Sat Mission KGS3Sat - Karnataka Government School Students Satellite India's First Government School’s CubeSat The Karnataka state government implemented through the Karnataka student community. has agreed to provide financial Science and Technological Promotion assistance to help a bunch of Society (KSTePS) in collaboration with The satellite built by the students will government high school students to ISRO and Indian Technology Congress be part of the 75 Students' Satellites launch a nanosatellite. On 22 January Association (ITCA). The aim is to Mission 2022 in the country that would 2022, the government approved the nurture scientific thinking and promote be put in orbit on the country's 75th project 'Designing and Launching of technological awareness among Independence Day. The minister said Nano Satellite by Government School students,\" said Higher Education and the nanosatellite design project will Kids' estimated to cost Rs 1.9 crore. The IT&BT Minister Dr C N Ashwath include students from other nanosatellite is among 75 such Narayan on Friday, 22 January 2022. neighbourhood government schools. satellites designed across the nation to The KSTePS will enter into a mark 75 years of Independence. Memorandum of Understanding The minister also added, \"KGS3Sat (MoU) with ITCA to implement the Project Monitoring Expert Committee The project, named 'Karnataka project, whose objective is to nurture (KPMEC)\" will be constituted to monitor Government School Students scientific thinking and promote the implementation of the project and Satellite' (KGS3Sat), will be technological awareness among the a timeline of 12 months has been set to complete it. TIP January 2022 17
NanoAvionics launched three satellites, News aboard SpaceX Transporter-3 mission NanoAvionics, a and heaviest CubeSats ever Norwegian University of support the digitalisation of leading smallsat built and launched. The 16U Science and Technology Dubai’s power and water manufacturer and small satellite, is the first of (NTNU), to conduct ocean networks. Through an mission integrator, five satellites, contracted to research. From its Sun- ambitious programme and confirmed the reception of NanoAvionics by British synchronous orbit, HYPSO- with the expertise of signals and healthy company Sen, to establish 1 (HYPer-spectral Satellite NanoAvionics, DEWA telemetry data from all of video streaming media to for ocean Observation) will intends to enhance its the three satellites launched provide real-time Ultra- monitor algal blooms and flexibility and agility in into low Earth orbit via the High Definition (UHD) other aspects of ocean monitoring and managing successful SpaceX videos of Earth. health in an autonomous its electrical and water Transporter-3 mission. The synergy with robotic agents networks. Through Space- rideshare mission that went Also aboard the Falcon-9 around the Norwegian D, DEWA also expects to into orbit on 13 January 2022 rocket was HYPSO-1, a 6U coast. It is the first of the reduce costs, improve its included one of the largest nanosatellite built for the two satellites NanoAvionics asset utilisation and provide will supply to the sustainable, efficient and programme. reliable power and water services to its customers. The third NanoAvionics built satellite that went into Following the successful low Earth orbit (LEO) SpaceX launch, the third in onboard Transporter-3 is a series of dedicated the 3U IoT nanosatellite rideshare missions for small DEWA-SAT 1. It is part of satellites, NanoAvionics DEWA’s (Dubai Electricity & confirmed signal acquisition Water Authority) Space-D and healthy telemetry from programme and will all of the three satellites. Source: spaceref.com RUAG Space + Stream Analyze Connect Together to Enable AI On Satellites With large new allows for optimizing data sensors and scalable, it will be able to constellations of routes through the network query any kind support any fleet of satellites and hence the performance of questions. satellites and to interact (satellite swarms) forming a of the complete The sa.engine with and learn from other large mesh of communication system. itself requires satellites. interconnected nodes in a Stream Analyze’ sa.engine only a few constantly moving dynamic allows this network megabytes and Source: news.satnews.com global network, it is a huge optimization to be is hardware and challenge to orchestrate performed in real-time software TIP January 2022 the communication traffic in onboard the satellite. independent, so an optimal way. Analyzing it can be integrated into the the network behavior, such Through Stream Analyze’ complete standard portfolio as traffic patterns or other analytics platform sa.engine of RUAG Space’s on-board characteristics in a software the operator of the satellite computers and into almost defined satellite dynamic will be able to interact any other satellite communication network, directly with the satellite’s computer. As sa.engine is 18
Global Sectoral Scan Global Space Missions 2022 A Snapshot As the new space era unfolds, will also take flight. voyage to the station. The crew intends 2021 will be remembered as the to conduct 25 microgravity year in which organizations and 2022 is poised to be a big year for experiments focused on science, individuals outpaced each other in “super heavy-lift launch vehicles” education, and outreach. channeling technological advances (SHLLVs). SHLLVs are big rockets that and developing business models while can lift at least 50 tonnes of payload In May 2022, the European Space establishing new frontiers in space into low-Earth orbit, and in the history Agency (ESA) plans to launch a mission beyond Earth. More than 130 space of space, only two have ever done so in to Jupiter. The probe, codenamed missions have been carried out in 2021, space history: NASA’s Saturn V, which JUICE \"Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer,\" is with most of these missions proving to carried humans to the moon, and the scheduled to arrive in 2029 and spend be successful. Soviet’s Energia. While SpaceX Falcon three years researching the planet and Heavy is designed to carry that three of its moons. The primary driver of this is that private tonnage, it hasn't done so yet. Two new aerospace companies are making SHLLVs are slated to reach orbit in ESA is also collaborating with access to space more affordable by 2022: NASA’s Space Launch System ROSCOSMOS on a Mars mission and developing and testing reusable (SLS) and SpaceX’s Starship. plans to launch its second ExoMars rockets, and this trend is expected to probe in September 2022.The second continue into 2022. Prototypes of Starship's upper stage mission is scheduled to arrive at Mars have already flown several miles above in 2023, with a Russian Lander NASA, the Canadian Space Agency, Earth in the past, and SpaceX intends delivering an ESA rover to the Martian and the European Space Agency (ESA) to launch an integrated version of the surface to search for signs of life. have launched their $9 billion (€7.9 spacecraft, with both lower and upper billion), space observatory James stages, into orbit in the first quarter of In 2022, the ISS could possibly receive Webb Space Telescope,26 years in the 2022.NASA intends SLS to play a Boeing's Starliner. That spacecraft has making, on 24 December 2021.The significant role in human space travel, been in development for more than a telescope will travel 1.5 million km from ferrying astronauts to the moon and decade as part of NASA's Commercial Earth where it will orbit the Sun. Webb possibly Mars; the first uncrewed Crew Program, which was intended to is only a few days away from reaching mission was scheduled for 2016, but deliver the agency's astronauts to the its destination in space: L2, or the several delays have pushed it to International Space Station (ISS) second Lagrange point, which is a February 2022. without the assistance of Russia. An gravitationally stable place in space.L2 uncrewed Starliner will now fly to the is located on the opposite side of the SpaceX intends to launch astronauts ISS in May, and if it is successful, a Earth from the sun.The James Webb into space in 2022 with the Houston- crewed test might take place before has been designed to read infrared based business Axiom Space on a the end of the year. light and could tell us the most private mission to the International complete story ever of how the Space Station. Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1) is The Moon is being targeted by universe came to be filled with light. now scheduled to launch on February numerous space agencies in 2022. 28, 2022. The private crewed mission South Korea intends to launch its first From new launch vehicles such as originally targeted a 2021 launch. lunar mission, the Korea Pathfinder SpaceX's Starship, NASA's Space Former NASA astronaut Michael Lunar Orbiter, from Cape Canaveral in Launch System (SLS) mega rocket, López-Alegra, Larry Connor, Mark August. ROSCOSMOS, the Russian United Launch Alliance's (ULA) Vulcan Pathy, and EytanStibbe are among the space agency, plans to launch Luna 25 Centaur rocket, and Blue Origin's New four astronauts on the Ax-1 mission. to the Moon’s south pole in July – Glenn rocket, to missions to the moon, The tour will most likely last eight days almost 45 years after Luna 24 returned Mars, asteroids, and beyond, a slew of at the station with two days travelling. about 200g of lunar soil in August 1976. exciting missions are set to launch or While tourists have already visited the India has tentative plans to try landing arrive in 2022. .A large number of space station, Axiom claims that this its first craft on the moon this year. missions that were postponed in 2021 will be the \"first-ever entirely private\" SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin TIP January 2022 19
Galactic all launched their missions, despite multiple human space (Gaganyaan) the communication satellite first all-civilian missions to delays owing to the COVID- and lunar (Chandrayaan 3) GSAT-24.The whole satellite space in 2021, but 2022 is 19 epidemic. The year projects, ISRO and CNES capacity on board GSAT-24 expected to be the year appears to be jam-packed are developing additional will be leased to Tata Sky that space tourism truly for the space agency, with space missions, including for its DTH application takes off.Blue Origin has several exciting launches 'DISHA', a twin aeronomy requirements. The launch is multiple flights planned for scheduled for 2022. satellite mission, a Venus anticipated to take place in 2022, and Virgin Galactic expedition, and the ISRO- the first quarter of 2022. aims to begin commercial According to industry CNES collaborative science flights by the end of the experts quoting ISRO mission 'TRISHNA'. In addition to India's year (their spacecraft is now sources, 11 launch windows Chandrayaan-3, other undergoing \"improvement\"). have been reserved, but The public sector countries have also more are anticipated to NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL) planned their missions to ISRO is moving into 2022 become available during has chosen Arianespace's the moon, and 2022 is likely with several ambitious the year. Along with the Ariane-5 rocket to launch to be reckoned as the year James Webb Telescope Overview James Webb Space Telescope Photo credit: NASA industrial partner is Northrop Grumman; the Space Telescope The James Webb Space capable of supporting life on planets Science Institute will operate Webb Telescope (sometimes called like Earth, to the evolution of our own after launch. JWST or Webb) will be a large Solar System. infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter Several innovative technologies have primary mirror. The telescope will be The Webb telescope was formerly been developed for Webb. These launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from known as the \"Next Generation Space include a primary mirror made of 18 French Guiana on 25 December 2021. Telescope\" (NGST); it was renamed in separate segments that unfold and September 2002 after a former NASA adjust to shape after launch. The The Webb telescope will be the administrator, James Webb. mirrors are made of ultra-lightweight premier observatory of the next beryllium. Webb's biggest feature is a decade, serving thousands of Webb is an international collaboration tennis court sized five-layer sunshield astronomers worldwide. It will study between NASA, ESA (the European that attenuates heat from the Sun every phase in the history of our Space Agency), and the Canadian more than a million times. The Universe, ranging from the first Space Agency (CSA). NASA's Goddard telescope’s four instruments - luminous glows after the Big Bang, to Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, cameras and spectrometers - have the formation of solar systems Maryland, is managing the detectors that are able to record development effort. The main extremely faint signals. One instrument (NIRSpec) has programmable microshutters, which enable observation up to 100 objects simultaneously. Webb also has a cryocooler for cooling the mid- infrared detectors of another instrument (MIRI) to a very cold 7 kelvins (minus 447 Fahrenheit) so they can work. JWST arrived at its observing spot, Lagrange point 2 (L2), nearly 1 million miles (1.6 million km) on 25 January 2022, On 28 January 2022, JWST has turned on its science instruments, and would be seeing its first target star-HD 84406, a sun-like star about 260 light years away. 20 TIP January 2022
of several nations' first steps to the Russia's first lunar mission in 45 years. moon's craters using a Facial moon. Recognition System. The X-ray Imaging China-Russia International Lunar and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) Moon Missions of Various Nations Research Station (ILRS) Station on the space telescope is intended to be Moon installed on the Lander. According to United States' Artemis Base Camp on Space.com, the Japanese company the Moon and Beyond The International Lunar Research ispace will send a small rover to the Station (ILRS), a joint moon station built moon using the commercial HAKUTO- NASA has awarded SpaceX a $330 by China and Russia, will hold R lander for the Japan Aerospace million contract to launch two crucial experimental research facilities for a Exploration Agency (JAXA). components of the Gateway lunar variety of scientific activities such as base. It's part of Artemis' objective to moon exploration, moon-based JAXA's \"transformable lunar robot\" will \"create a viable human presence on observation, and technological be the second one carried on ispace's the Moon.\" validation. inaugural mission, as the business announced last month that it would The first lunar voyage will take place India’s Chandrayaan-3 also send a rover named Rashid from this year and will include the the United Arab Emirates to the moon. deployment of a swarm of robot The Chandrayaan-3 mission is spacecraft. These probes, which are scheduled to launch in the third quarter If the mission is successful, the UAE being built with NASA assistance by of 2022 by the Indian Space Research will join a select handful of countries private companies, are designed to Organization (ISRO). It will be the same that have soft-landed spacecraft on map underlying water deposits, size as Chandrayaan-2 but will not have the moon, including the United States, explore the moon's deep interior, and an orbiter. Chandrayaan-3 will also be Russia, and China. deploy robot rovers to survey the lunar used to land a rover on the moon's surface. dark side, which is thought to include South Korea’s KPLO snow and minerals. Russia's Moon Landing The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Smart Lander from the Japanese (KPLO), a box-shaped satellite, will be Russia's intentions for lunar landings in Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) South Korea's first lunar mission, slated 2022 are like those of the United States. to launch in August 2022 on SpaceX's According to the Russian space agency JAXA plans to land a lander on the Falcon 9 rocket and reach in lunar orbit Roscosmos, the Luna-25 lander will moon in the second quarter of 2022. by December settle on the moon in July. This will be This mission will collect data about the TIP January 2022 Photo credit: in.mashable.com 21
Member Secretary PMC Structuring and Mentoring Interna onal Partnerships for the Success of 75 Students' Satellites Mission Dr. K. Gopalakrishnan Project Director 75 Student’s Satellites Mission Advisor, Nagarjuna College of Engineering & Technology 75 Students’ Satellites Mission University Space Engineering Universities/Institutions, industry, and 2022 has been conceived by Consortium (UNISEC) India Chapters at R&D labs is clearly visible. It has been Indian Technology Congress EEIs and World CanSat/Rocketry further accelerated by continuous Association (ITCA) during the First Consortium/Championships (WCRC) at innovation in manufacturing better International Seminar on Students National Level-Continental Level- Satellites systems. ITCA’s SpaceTech Satellites held during Indian World Finals has been planned at ecosystem has a deep depth and Technology Congress, 5-6 September Serbia during September 2022. breadth of domain expertise and 2018 at NIMHANS Convention Centre, interdisciplinary knowledge to deliver Bangalore, India. To realize the 75 The first three student-built satellites consistently on challenging small Satellites Mission, ITCA has organised known as UNITYSat were successfully satellite projects and programs for Indo-Isarel Space Tech Leadership developed and deployed with this commercial satellite constellations. Programmes in association with background. UNITYSat's resounding TMISat, Israel and Israel Space success opened the door for a plethora ITCA's SpaceTech committees worked Industries during 2018-19! Academis of satellite developmental possibilities incredibly hard over the lastthree years Institutions/Technical Universities has that leveraged the domain knowledge to make their vision a reality by been represented by Leaders/Vice garnered in SmallSat platforms. With developing advanced skills in various Chancellors/decisison makers at this fulfilment, ITCA mentored and SmallSats Platforms, including Product Higher Engineering Educational promoted two spin-off companies, TSC Development, System Engineering, Institituons (EEIs) in India during the Technologies in India and TMISAT in and Project Management insights and ITCA delegations/interactions. Many Israel, in 2020, to apply its SpaceTech providing students with extensive International Events/Training team's research and consultancy international exposure. Most Programmes have been organised by breakthroughs to the development of significantly, ITCA's collaborative ITCA-75 Satellites Consortium and SmallSats. Thanks to our partners who partner ecosystem hasdemonstrated encourged more than 80+ Institutions collaborated and assisted in that the coveted 75 Students' Satellites across pan India! Knowledge developing this gigantic mission, the Mission isachievable and realistic. This conferences followed by establishing expansion of cooperating is only possible by accumulating asubstantial knowledge base to address complex engineering issues, inculminating in the construction of SmallSats in a shorter time frame employing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and subsystems. ITCA demonstrated to the nation's Scientific and Engineering fraternity that students from Indian academia can confidently develop and deploy SmallSats with pride. Even required funding has also been arranged by ITCA-SYMBA-Maz, Isarel to EEIs. 22 TIP January 2022
Global Exposures of ITCA-UNITYSat Team ITCA-UNITYsat Team with Ms Lucille Baudet, Open Cosmos, UK, Dr. Margarita Safonova, Russia/Visiting Scientist, Indian Institute of Astrophysics and Dr. J. Ramkumar, Professor, ¤ Attended Samara University International Summer IIT Kanpur during Interaction held on 03 September 2019 at Bangalore School at Samara National Research University, Russia (Made World’s 1st Satellite “Sputnik” and 16 Members’ UNITYsat Team with from INDIA to 2019 CanSat/Rocketry Pioneer in Space Research; Also, have sent International Competition held at Serbia World’s 1st Cosmonaut to Space) ¤ Core Team Members have been Trained at International Space University, Strasburg, France ¤ Participated Trained at Indo-Israel Space Tech Leadership Programme at Tel Aviv University, Israel and COSPAR/UNOOSA ¤ Core Team Members have been Trained at Tokyo University, Japan ¤ Core Team Members have been Trained at Sapienza/Rome University, Rome, Italy and Portugal ¤ Indo-Israel, Indo-Serbia, Indo-Russia, Indo-Japan, Indo-Italy, Indo-Germany, Indo-Portugal, Indo- Canada events by ITCA ¤ UCAL-USA, Samara-Russia, Skoltech-Moscow, Russia, ISU, France, Tokyo University, Japan, Tel Aviv University & Teknion, Israel, COSPAR/UNOOSA, Israel, IBM OpenPOWER Foundation, USA and IIT Kanpur etc. 7th University Space Engineering Consor um (UNISEC) Global Mee ng held at Japan 30 November-05 December 2019 at Koshiba Hall, Hongo Campus, the University of Tokyo, JAPAN ITCA-UNITYSat Indo-Italy Delegation: Indo-Israel Space Tech Leadership Interaction with Prof. Fabio, Visited Programme at Tel Aviv University, Israel Sapienza University, Rome, Italy and COSPAR/UNOOSA ITCA-UNITYSat Team Represented by Nikhil, Denzel, Sainath and UNITYsat Mentor Dr. K. Gopalakrishnan, ITCA Indo-Israel SpaceTech Leadership Delegation at Tel Aviv University 2022 WORLD CANSAT/ROCKETRY CHAMPIONSHIP @ SERBIA INTERNATIONAL WEBINARS CONDUCTED TIP January 2022 During 22-26 June 2020 and 15 September 2021 ITCA Team has regularly interacting with Chairman, ISRO, Scientific Secretary, Director, ISRO Satellite Centre at ISRO-HQ and Dr. Prakasha Rao, Director, SIPO has been nominated as Chairman, 75 Satellites’ Project Monitoring Committee and the realization of building 75 Satellites by Indian academics and launching it successfully in Aug 2022 is now has becoming a reality with the support of Space Eco-system in India! 23
ITCA - Israel Cooperation TEVEL - Nanosatellite Project An Ingenuity of Israeli School Students Eight nanosatellites built by Israeli carried AMSAT-(AMSAT-EA) EA's satellites were built by 8 schools in school students were launched EASAT-2 and HADES payloads. The different parts of Israel. The control into orbit on 13 January 2022, Transporter-3 mission is the company's station will be 4X4HSC at HSC with the aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket third spaceflight under the SmallSat following frequencies launched from Cape Canaveral in Rideshare Program, which allows Florida, USA. These nanosatellites organisations to share a Falcon 9 rocket Beacon transmissions on 436.400 MHz, we're built by eight school student with dozens of other SpaceX (9600bps BPSK G3RUH); FM teams as part of the \"Tevel customers to get payloads to space at transponders uplink frequency: 145.970 Project,\" a collaboration between a lower cost. MHz; FM transponders downlink the Israel Space Agency and the frequency: 436.400 MHz Science and Technology Ministry, These students' three-year efforts have Israel. resulted in satellites equipped with About the students in the program radio FM transponders that will The \"TEVEL (\"world\" and \"strong\" broadcast signals to Israeli About 250 high school students from in Hebrew) mission consists of all over the country: Ofakim, Yeruham, eight packet-size satellites that serve as an infrastructure to promote “I was fascinated by this incredible programme,\" said Orit and advance space studies in Israel Farkash-Hacohen, Minister of Innovation, Science and and carry amateur radio FM Technology, Israel in a video address to the event. transponders. The satellites built by the students are more than just a novelty; “To see groups of students from all across Israel-from Nazareth they will be able to communicate with to Givat Shmuel, Jews and Arabs, from the south and the center- ground control, perform a variety of tasks, and conduct important scientific shows how much science and technology connects people.\" research. communication stations. The TEVEL Sha'ar Hanegev, Ma'ale Adumim, The SpaceX Falcon 9 Transporter-3 satellites join the three Duchifat Taibeh, Givat Shmuel, Kiryat Ata and mission, which launched 105 satellites satellites successfully launched by the Nazareth who are studying science from various companies and Herzliya Science Centre (HSC) and the and technology participated. organisations around the world, also Tel Aviv University's TAUSAT satellite. The students came from different All 8 satellites will have the same backgrounds, including students from frequencies, so as long as the the state, state-religious education and footprints are overlapping, only one FM the Arab sector who have worked transponder will be activated. The together for three years. Israel Space Agency officials and students watch from Herzliya as the Israeli school students work on a small satellite launched into space, on SpaceX Falcon Rocket Launches in Florida, on January 13, 2022. January 13, 2022 (Science and Technology Ministry) (Screenshot) TIP January 2022 24
Dr. Meir Ariel, Director General of the Dr Meir Ariel is a member of ITCA's Israel Space Agency, Mr. Kfir Damari, Herzliya Science Center and Director of SpaceTech Leadership Team and Founder, SpaceIL, Dr. Ran Ginosar, the Tel Aviv University Nano-Satellite provides strategic and technical CEO, Ramon Chips, Mr. Arie Leizer, Center has been a driving force in oversight for ITCA's 75 Students' Chief Space Systems Engineer, Elbit Israel's student-built nanosatellite Satellites Mission. Systems ISTAR, Mr. Elad Sagi, Project activity. He has over 30 years of Manager, Ministry of Science, experience in signal processing and ITCA has a long association with HSC Technology, Ms. Sharon Mishaal, HSC wireless communication research and and other agencies of Israel working on Pedagogical co-ordinator, Prof. Pini development. Under his direction, space programmes. Along with Dr Meir Gurfil, Head, Asher Space Research thirteen scientific nanosatellites have Ariel, Prof Chaim Eshed, Co-Founder, Institute, Technion, Dr. Dan Blumberg, been built and launched in the last few Israel Space Agency and Retd Brigadier Vice-President & Dean (R&D) Ben- years. General, Israel's Military Intelligence Gurion University, helped ITCA’s guided ITCA’s Space programmes. Programmes.. Many ITCA teams visited HSC and File Photo other Israeli Space labs to gain hands- Prof. Chaim Ershed, Chairman, on experience with student-built Space Committee, Ministry of Science, satellites. Along with Dr. Meir and his Technology, Israel discussed on Creativity technical teams, visited India and and Innovation in Israeli Space Programme participated in capacity building programmes under ITCA initiatives, with Indian delegation including at the Indian Technology Congress. Along with Dr. Meir Ariel, Prof. Chaim Eshed, Mr. Leo Vinovezky, Director, India and Israel unveil a Herzliya Science Centre (HSC) commemorative emblem to mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic The Herzliya Science Centre (HSC) is the science campus for Herzliya's middle relations and high schools, and over the last few years, more than 2000 students are attending HSC advanced labs, studying and carrying out experiments in India and Israel have a long and rich sciences-physics and chemistry, engineering-electronics, computer science, history of engagement and robotics and biotechnology. HSC's space and satellite lab has emerged as cooperation, which has evolved into a Israel's only lab where high school students are designing, building satellites, strategic partnership across numerous and flying them to space. sectors in recent years. To commemorate the 30th anniversary of HSC has the unique distinction of designing, developing, testing, launching, the two countries' diplomatic relations, and monitoring more than ten satellites that have been built by students, and the two countries unveiled a are helping students across the country to \"observe the Earth\". Students have commemorative logo at an online been at the centre of the project, and have contributed to satellite planning, event attended by India's Ambassador writing the airborne and ground software, and testing it for satellite launch\", with to Israel, Sanjeev Singla, and Israel's the participating space professionals being in a consultative role. Ambassador to India, Naor Gilon. HSC is spearheading the projects under robust expertise. Duchifat series of The design incorporates the Star of satelittes is the earlier series of nanosatellites that have been built by high David and the Ashoka Chakra, both of school students, has also been the brainchild of HSC. Duchifat 3 was the third in which appear on the national flags of the series of Israeli student-built satellites that was launched from the both nations, to form the figure 30 to Sriharikota spaceport by ISRO's PSLV C48 on 11 December 2019. Duchifat 3 was commemorate the 30th anniversary of a remote sensing satellite for ecological studies including air pollution, water bilateral relations. source pollution, forest monitoring, amongst other earth observation studies. TIP January 2022 25
ITCA SpaceTech Compilation Small Satellite Launchers Significant Growth Prospects Over the last few years, a new aimed specifically at the SmallSat In this context, worldwide firms offering era of small satellites has industry. The likelihood of having to SmallSat launch vehicles such as developed, which are launch many SmallSats to create big Rocket Labs' Electron (225 kg), Astra's supplementing and, in some cases, constellations is a distinguishing aspect Rocket 3.0 (100 kg), and Virgin Orbit's replacing larger spacecraft. Small of this new SmallSat market, and this LauncherOne (500 kg) have emerged satellites are emerging as the \"new drives many of the new launcher as important players. The availability of normal\" due to their rapid requirements. funding for space start-ups has also development, low cost, flexibility, aided over 30 groups throughout the robustness, and ability to operate as While the cost of launch was once the world in their efforts to construct constellations. only deciding factor, the new dedicated small satellite launchers. requirements for getting SmallSats into Small Satellite Drivers orbit on schedule and in a precise orbit The Electron launch vehicle from have become key decision factors. Rocket Lab is the first orbital launch Small satellites can be launched vehicle planned and constructed as a 'piggybacking' or ridesharing on larger Frost & Sullivan analysts believe that two-stage vehicle to service the launch vehicles with extra capacity. The spaceport-based business models that expanding small satellite industry, and secondary payload paradigm has a can allow many such new launch it has been developed with a high flight shortcoming in that it does not provide service providers using smaller rockets rate in mind. Electron can launch 150 distinct orbital and launch-timing for dedicated small satellite launch kg to a nominal 500 km sun- requirements for small satellite service would likely constitute a new synchronous orbit from both our launches. business segment within the launch Rocket Lab Launch Complex in New industry. Zealand and domestic ranges in the To fill this void, businesses all around United States. the world are building launch vehicles Ref: SmallSat Launch Trends 2016-20, BryceTech Research 26 TIP January 2022
Image courtesy: Rocket Lab thanks to improved lithium polymer cargo to orbit. One element that batteries (LEO). The pump speed of the distinguishes LauncherOne is its air- Rocket Lab has reported an increase in Rutherford pump is 40k rpm, which launch approach, which involves the Electron's payload capacity to Low allows it to have a small pump impeller separating from Cosmic Girl at a height Earth Orbit from 225 kg to 300 kg diameter and thus a compact pump of approximately 35,000 feet (10,700 m) footprint. and shoving into LEO from there. Representatives for Virgin Orbit argue Rocket Lab intends to employ additive that this strategy, at least in the case of manufacturing to shorten the time LauncherOne, increases flexibility and required to construct an Electron to reactivity as compared to vertical just 7 days. 3D printing is used to create launches. the combustion chamber, pumps, injectors, and valves. The engine's Kulasekarapattinam is India's second primary components can be 3D printed spaceport in 24 hours, substantially shortening manufacturing delays. ISRO has chosen Kulasekarapattinam as the site of its second spaceport. This Image courtesy of The Verge. will enable ISRO to launch smaller An artist's impression of Virgin Orbit's Cosmic Girl, satellites more regularly using the which is carrying LauncherOne. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), which is currently being developed. LauncherOne is a 70-foot-long (21- meter-long) two-stage rocket that can The second spaceport will give deliver up to 1,100 pounds (500 lb) of strategic benefits such as allowing vehicles to reach polar orbits directly without having to veer to avoid flying over Sri Lanka, as is required for vehicles departing from Sriharikota. This manoeuvre necessitates more fuel, forcing smaller launch rockets to reduce their payload. The Small Satellite Launch have been dependent on ISRO Vehicle (SSLV), an indigenous completing launch contracts for new launch rocket developed by larger spacecraft. the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), will make its The SSLV can launch satellites maiden development flight in April weighing up to 500 kg into low 2022. orbit, but the PSLV can launch spacecraft weighing more than The SSLV seeks to serve the 1000 kg. market for the launch of tiny satellites into Earth's low orbits SSLV is ISRO's smallest vehicle, that has grown in recent years to weighing 110 tonnes, and would meet the needs of developing take 72 hours to integrate, as governments, universities, and opposed to the 70 days required private enterprises for small for other launch vehicles. It is satellites. predicted that the entire operation will only require six employees Small satellite launches had rather than 60, and that it will be previously relied on 'piggybacking' done in a short period of time at a on big satellite launches on the low cost of roughly Rs 30 crore. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) – ISRO's workhorse with ISRO-NSIL anticipates a over 50 successful launches. As a requirement for 15 to 20 SSLVs per result, modest satellite launches year based only on national demand. TIP January 2022 27
Hall Thruster from Aliena Pte. Ltd. News Empowers NuSpace’s NuX-1 Smallsat volume, and power budgets to be diverted for The Hall thruster was The GEO-Hall thrusters utilize active cathode actual operations. integrated on a 3U were designed to operate neutralizers or solid fuel. Aliena also has smallsat — NuX-1 — below the 10 W regime and microsatellite-class engines made and owned by have demonstrated This unique feature enables (MUSIC) that will be first satellite IoT company capability to fit within more agile operations to be deployed on a 12U smallsat NuSpace, and was brought extremely small form- executed through on- platform in 2023 with Orbital to orbit by a SpaceX Falcon factors, thereby heralding demand propulsion while Astronautic’s ORB-12 Strider 9 via the Transporter-3 new potential opportunities not compromising on the mission and has since mission. The Hall thrusters for smallsats to consider form-factor and power secured separate orders that were developed for this the use of such systems for budgets of the satellites, from an undisclosed mission are GEO-Hall emerging missions and making it an extremely customer. thrusters that are sub-10 W operations. attractive option for class systems that were smallsat operators through Source: news.satnews.com designed specifically to Aliena has achieved a provision of more payload cater to meet the most milestone reduction in demanding smallsat power consumption for Hall operations. thrusters through the use of a novel ignition and A constraint in the neutralization scheme that operational deployment of was developed internally conventional Hall thrusters by the company. include the power Additionally, this novel consumption of such system allows for instant- systems that make it ignition of the systems challenging for without requirement for the incorporation onboard engines to be in a hot- smallsats, due to the limited standby mode or for warm- power generation and up cycles prior to firing, storage capacities available which are common on such small platforms. drawbacks of systems that SpaceX Launches 49 More remote areas that are not Moon. Musk is also eyeing fully covered by the to undertake a lunar Starlink Satellites, Takes Total to Over 2,000 terrestrial Internet mission as part of NASA's infrastructure. Following the plan to return humans to Elon Musk-founded touchdown on a SpaceX recent launch, Musk the Moon after almost 30 SpaceX has drone ship called \"A tweeted a magnificent years. “Back to the Moon successfully Shortfall of Gravitas,\" which image of the Falcon 9 soon,” the SpaceX CEO launched 49 more Starlink was stationed in the Atlantic rocket against a rising replied to his own tweet. satellites aboard a Falcon 9 Ocean off the Florida coast. rocket to take the total Source: news.satnews.com number to more than 2,000. Musk has been billing the The Falcon 9 rocket lifted Starlink project, operated off from the Kennedy Space by SpaceX, as a way to Centre in Florida, US, on 19 provide low-latency January 2022. About nine broadband Internet minutes later, the rocket's services around the world first stage returned back to through hundreds of small Earth for a pin-point satellites. The project is particularly focused on 28 TIP January 2022
Invited Article Kalpana Chawla Centre for Research in Space Science & Technology Chandigarh University The Kalpana Chawla Centre for partnerships are key to advancing Dr. Priestly Shan Research in Space Science and education and global science and Dean-Academics Technology (KCCRSST) has transforming India into a knowledge Chandigarh University, India been established at Chandigarh economy. University and inaugurated by Defence with various academic and research Minister Shri. Rajnath Singh on 3rd He also praised the Indian Space institutions through research and January 2022, which is said to be an Research Organization (ISRO) for being technology transfer cooperation, he essential step towards strengthening one of the best space agencies in the said. The state-of-the-art KCCRSST, the country's space and geospatial world for decades due to its hard work designed to educate students in space sectors. The center is named after the and vision. He praised Chandigarh science, satellite development, and India-born astronaut Kalpana Chawla, University for its work in research and future space exploration challenges, who lost her life in the 2003 Columbia innovation and called its achievements will be the ground control station for shuttle disaster. a symbol of the growing involvement the Chandigarh University Student of the private sector in education. Satellite (CUSat), an in-house student- In his speech, Rajnath Singh called the Speaking on the occasion, Chandigarh developed nanosatellite and establishment of the research centre University Chanditor S. Satnam Singh Geospatial Research Center, etc. The an important step in strengthening the Sandhu said that since its foundation, Defense Department said in a country's space sector, stressing that the university has strived to provide its statement Monday. CU Chancellor only through these efforts can India students with quality, innovative and Satnam Singh Sandhu said the become a leader in future experiential education, and the university took a big step by launching technologies. Shri Singh pointed out establishment of this center is one of the centre, named after India's first that the space sector is closely related the steps in this direction. “We have female astronaut in space. The Kalpana to our lives from national development always been pioneers in research and Chawla ISU Scholarship Fund was to national security, and the development and this center of established in 2010 by alumni of the government understands the potential excellence will further strengthen our International Space University (ISU) to of this space and is committed to position in aerospace technology. support Indian students in international elevating it to new heights, setting a space education programs. new direction for the development of The space centre will further the space industry. nation. On Monday, strengthen the university's relationship Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh Ji reiterated the government's commitment to strengthening the private sector for the overall development of the country, saying that strong long-term public-private TIP January 2022 29
The center has been established with ITCA & UNISEC - India, President, 75 Geospatial Research Centre. the objective of training students in Students' Satellites Mission 2022 and space science and satellite Dr. K. Gopalakrishnan, Project Director CUSAT will be one of 75 student- development and to meet future 75 Students' Satellites Mission 2022, created satellites launched into space challenges in the area of space Secretary General, ITCA, BRICS FEO, on the eve of this year's 75th research, this state-of-the-art space and UNISEC India. Independence Day. Chandigarh centre would be the Ground Control University joined the ranks of 13 Station (GCS) for the Chandigarh KCCRSST has two important divisions, institutions including Indian Institute of University’s Student Satellite (CUSAT), first is designing, developing and Technology (IIT) Kanpur and IIT an in-house developed nano-satellite deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mumbai, becoming the first university being designed by the students of student satellite in collaboration with in North India to design and develop Chandigarh University, and a Indian Space Research Organisation satellites by itself. The research center Geospatial Centre for research, besides (ISRO), Indian Technology Congress was established to develop students' other important projects. Chandigarh Association (ITCA), and Geospatial knowledge in space science, satellite University is the first university in India Research Center (GRE). development, and space exploration. to send an IoT and AI-based satellite in The newly launched state-of-the-art space and run real-time ground station GRE will predominantly focus on space center will facilitate the operations from the Kalpana Chawla mapping, monitoring and surveillance. development of satellite research and Center for Research in Space Science Geospatial technology is one of the satellite launches in countries that have & Technology. three emerging technologies, along not yet developed satellite technology. with nanotechnology and The nano-satellite has been designed biotechnology. According to National In addition, GCS will help develop under the mentorship of Padma Shri Geospatial Policy, Indian geospatial satellite research centers and launch Prof. R.M. Vasagam, Vice President, market will grow at 12.8% to Rs 63,000 satellites in countries that have not yet Indian Technology Congress cr by 2025. GRC is established with a developed satellite technology. Association (ITCA), Advisor, 75 vision to serve society, coordinate, Students' Satellites Mission 2022, educate, guide and assist the With the launch of CUSAT, Punjab will Former Project Director, India's First implementation, maintenance, and become the first border state in India to Geo Stationary Communication development of GIS (Geographic have its own satellite in space. The Satellite, \"APPLE\", Eminent Scientist, Information Systems) technology in the launch of the university's nanosatellite- ISRO, Former Vice Chancellor, Anna country. GRC is working in the field of CUSAT will prove to be an important University, Padma Shri Dr. Y.S. Rajan space application to resolve the issue step for the country, as it will collect (Honorary Distinguished Professor and related to climate change, smart city, data related to border intrusion Scientist, ISRO, Former Vice geospatial modeling, geo-hazard, detection, agriculture, weather Chancellor, Punjab Technical forest cover mapping and monitoring, forecasting, natural disaster University, Author of INDIA 2020: A Landuse and Landcover (LULC), snow forecasting, which will be helpful in Vision for New Millennium along with and glaciological parameters research and study of various problems Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam, Former President assessments, connectivity facilities, in these areas. In addition, the GCS will of India), Padma Shri Dr. Mylswamy speedy transportation, weather help develop satellite research facilities Annadurai, Advisor, 75 Students' forecast, disaster management as well and launch satellites in countries that Satellites Mission 2022, Chairman, as border security, etc. for India. do not have developed satellite National Design and Research Forum, technology. The GCS under the (Outstanding Scientist, ISRO, Former The state-of-the-art facility will include KCCRSST will monitor majority of Low Director, ISRO Satellite Centre, Project the Chandigarh University Student Earth Orbit Satellites including CUSAT Director, Chandrayaan 1 & 2 and Satellite Ground Control Station and being a member of SatNOGS Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission),), Dr. (CUSat), a NanoSatellite developed by project, will be monitoring more than L.V. Muralikrishna Reddy, President, university students with the support of 380 satellites with over 810 transmitters ITCA as well as projects such as a in more than 50 countries 30 TIP January 2022
Global News DAVOS Agenda 2022 Space and Economy The World Economic Forum’s geospatial mapping. This annual event, Group and Zurich Insurance Group. The Annual Dialogue which is the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report series tracks global (WEF) signature programme, draws a risks perceptions among risk experts The Davos Dialogue, hosted virtually lot of attention worldwide and and world leaders in business, from January 17 to 21, 2022, featured proposes solutions to global issues, government, and civil society.It addresses from global leaders, including Pandemic response, examines risks across five categories: scientists, economists, and an economic recovery, climate, economic, environmental, geopolitical, astronaut who is now in space. Shri technology innovations and global societal, and technological. While Narendra Modi, amongst other heads, collaborations. space has immense potential benefits presidents and prime ministers from for future generations, it is also across the world, spoke at the event, Crowding and Competition in Space- becoming increasingly crowded and highlighting the Indian government' Excerpts from \"The Global Risks commercialised. The report's risks are sprogress in implementing reforms that Report 2022” worthwhile to tackle, and they may be boost the economy, including addressed through effective deregulation in several industrial The World Economic Forum publishes collaboration, strong citizen domains such as drones, space, and the Global Risks Report in strategic participation, and prudent use of partnership with March McLennan, SK advanced technologies. Some of the report's highlights pertaining to space are: Ÿ Climate change and other environmental concerns dominate the list of the most serious risks. But threats in cyberspace, the metaverse and outer space are also very real. Ÿ Space programmes are still widely seen as a sign of national prestige, as they project geopolitical and military power as well as have scientific and commercial significance. Powers such as China, Europe (EU and ESA), France, Germany, India, Japan, NATO, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States have publicly announced space forces and continue to build space infrastructure, with plans for at least five new space stations by 2030 in the works. Ÿ The traditional Geostationary Orbit (GEO) commercial satellite market, which has dominated the communications sector for decades, is now losing commercial value because of competition from new players seeking to provide services from LEO or MEO. Ÿ Financing of new applications for space-based initiatives has grown rapidly over the last decade. Businesses, start- ups and research entities are proliferating, raising money in the billions, and thereby driving down the cost of launch systems, particularly in LEO. Ÿ Satellites in LEO as well as in MEO and GEO are used for multiple purposes that include climate and natural resource monitoring, broadband internet, and radio and television broadcasting, as well as position, navigation, and timing services. Ÿ Smaller, low-cost satellites are also proliferating because of lower costs and fewer barriers to entry. While the risk is still relatively low, an increase in the number of satellites also increases the opportunity for collisions, or, at the least, a need to engage in emergency manoeuvres to avoid contact. Ÿ Space is more accessible than ever, as evidenced by a record 145 orbital space launches globally in 2021. Space tourism also got off the ground with several private-sector rocket launches, and the first commercial space station was announced with operations slated to commence by 2024. Ÿ Space junk, cyber threats and terrestrial infrastructure failures require effective and responsive public-private action - on a cosmic scale. Ÿ The diversification of actors is an exciting development but dated space governance frameworks are coming under considerable pressure, exposing fault lines between the ambitions of different players and the acceptability of their actions. TIP January 2022 31
However, if we can Astronaut Matthias Maurer Generation Investment new generation of successfully manage these Management, explained, entrepreneurs.\" emerging risks, we’ll realize on astronauts can be technology like the James the full potential for significant, he added.But Webb Telescope, will give \"But the data and technological and human this impact can help us a chance to see into the knowledge that's gained advancement that space scientists understand more distant past. But, it's up to from space should not be presents, especially with about diseases that affect us to \"use our moral limited to those who own longer-term missions to the people on Earth.\" imagination to see the satellites\", explained Sarah moon and Mars in play and \"The cross-country and future of humanity and to Al Amiri, the Minister of enhanced orbital satellite international collaboration see the grave danger State for Advanced capabilities being launched aboard the space station Technology, Ministry of to monitor and respond to Al Gore, Industry and Advanced climate change events. should also be a model for Chairman, Technology of the United how we tackle major Generation Arab Emirates. Can space tech save the challenges on Earth - in Investment planet? Astronaut Matthias particular, climate change.\" Management \"And the volume of Maurer joins Al Gore and \"But the reverse is also true. satellites means that other expertsfrom space We need to learn from our posed by all the global regulation is important\", mistakes on Earth to inform warming pollution we're explained Josef For the first time, at the the future of space tech putting into the atmosphere Aschbacher, the Director- Davos Agenda came live and space exploration.\" every day.\" General of the European from beyond our And, as Al Gore, Vice- \"And access is increasing all Space Agency, echoing the atmosphere.\"The Live from President of the United the time thanks to message from the Risks Space: The Next Frontier for States (1993-2001); significant falls in the cost of Report. Knowledge and Action\" Chairman and Co-Founder, putting satellites into session saw astronaut space\", explained Chris Transformation Maps for Matthias Maurer take part in Kemp, the Founder, Space a debate from the Chairman and Chief International Space Station. Executive Officer of Transformation Maps are He joined former US vice Astra.\"This has enabled a used by World Economic president Al Gore, UAE Forum to explain to citizens, Minister Sarah Al Amiri, policymakers and Astra founder Chris Kemp strategists the interplay of and ESA Director-General the complex and related Josef Aschbacher in a forces that are transforming discussion about what economies, industries and comes next for space global issues. exploration. Our interaction with space Excerpts from astronaut is reshaping the global Matthias Maurer's economy and geopolitics. discussion: We rely on it for navigation, climate change research \"The effects of life in space and weather forecasting, communication, and military operations. Many different countries are now active in space, and much of the world depends on space-based services. Private interests are increasingly pushing the boundaries of related technology and norms, and their funding of space exploration has created new capabilities and the potential for broadly shared benefits. 32 TIP January 2022
Transformation Maps for Space Ref.: https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000pTDUEA2 Image Credit: World Economic Forum TIP January 2022 33
TSC Technologies NTTF CanSat Development & Launch CanSats are simulation of TSC infused information for CanSat A total of ten Nettur Technical Training satellites, built into the shape of development by teaching theory first Foundation (NTTF, Electronics City a coke can. CanSats allow and following it up with comprehensive Campus, Bengaluru) teams took part in students to replicate the entire process practical sessions. The workshop the CanSats. The satellites were then of building a satellite, which helps taught everything about subsystems deployed from a drone at a height of them comprehend the project flow. A and the components needed to model 100m. Each satellite used its own CanSat uses comparable technologies them. The workshop began with an communication system to transfer to a typical tiny satellite. Following in overview of nanosatellite theory. telemetry and sensor data to the this tradition, TSC Technologies, an Information on small satellites and how relevant ground stations. The TSC ITCA-incubated NewSpace start-up they compare to CanSats was professors inspired students to learn has introduced students to the world of delivered to enthusiastic students. more about satellite building and finally cansats and student-built satellites. In These include proof-of-concept build their own satellite. The entire October 2021, TSC held a CanSat missions, carrying special electronics process was conducted on campus, workshop at Nettur Technical Training payloads, remote inspection of larger from design to launch. TSC Foundation in Bangalore's Electronic spacecraft, disaster detection Technologies trained the pupils. City. The programme aimed to simulate constellations, in-orbit repair and re- the experience of constructing energization of failed systems, larger NTTF's CanSat initiative was a nanosatellites without requiring spacecraft refuelling, guarding and groundbreaking interdisciplinary students to develop and test one from warning spacecraft, attacking and endeavour that exposed students to start. This workshop comprised ten destroying any spacecraft, and many Space Technology. Given the quality of NTTF student teams from diverse more. training delivered and the response of departments. students through the hands-on The students worked with satellite sessions, which made the CanSat The Indian Technology Congress components such batteries, OBCs, and programme a success, it is obvious Association (ITCA) created a sensors. They were taught about small that the NTTF satellite will be a consortium of students from several satellites and this new entrance success. Indian colleges and universities to platform, which allows them to learn pursue the aim of launching 75 more about satellite construction and NTTF has signed an MoU with ITCA for student-built satellites to space technology. joint development of a 1U NTTF commemorate 75 years of Indian Satellite to be launched as part of the independence, in line with Hon'ble Padma Shri Awardee Prof. R M 75 Students' Satellites Mission in 2022 Prime Minister's vision articulated at the Vasagam, Vice President, ITCA, Dr. L V UNGA. Launching a satellite requires a Muralikrishna Reddy, President, ITCA; thorough understanding of its Dr. K Gopalakrishnan, Project Director, subsystems. The programme was 75 Students' Satellites Mission 2022 & designed to provide students with both UNISEC-India; and Dr. Wooday P theoretical and practical exposure. The Krishna, President, Indian Institution of well-balanced academic and practical Production Engineers were present at lectures also helped students develop the CanSat Launch on 29 November the efficacy required to build satellites. 2022. TIP January 2022 35
Analysis Na onal Infrastructure for Small Satellites Missions Over the last six decades, India's ISRO centres is a distinct trend that is are increasingly being produced using space technology has being seen. computer-aided modelling and then advanced by leaps and manufactured utilizing additive bounds, beginning with the humble According to industry analysts, more manufacturing techniques. beginnings of developing and over a third of commercial businesses launching sounding rockets from a focused on the spacetech sector are Opening of the Indian Space Sector town called Thumba near headquartered in Bengaluru, indicating Thiruvananthapuram. Indian industry's the depth of domain experience The opening up of the Indian space involvement in India's national space available among ISRO workers and sector aims to increase private space agency, the Indian Space Research veterans. missions and expand India's Organization, began with the industry contribution to the global space providing manufacturing support for Role of Industry 4.0 Technologies in economy.The government has the fabrication of satellite and rocket the Evolution of Indian Space Sector established the Indian National Space components and subsystems. Promotion and Authorisation Centre Digitalization-driven Industry 4.0 (IN-SPACe), with the goal of involving The prior engagement model technologies are the foundation of the private companies in space-related comprised ISRO investing and spacetech sector's ability to catalyse activities and boosting India's part of developing intellectual property in its the development of new goods and the global space economy to at least R&D facilities, as well as employing services that fulfil stringent precision, 10%. industry for manufacturing support for reliability, and quality standards. the production of components and Earlier, in October, Prime Minister subsystems essential for ISRO's The adoption of an Industry 4.0 Narendra Modi established the Indian missions. ISRO assisted the sector by technology stack, including 3D printing, Space Organisation (ISpA), a leading providing designs and training, as well engineering tools for 3D modelling, industry association of space and as entering into buy-back agreements prototyping, and simulation for satellite firms formed to serve as the to ensure procurement and reduce designing satellites, payloads, and collective voice of the Indian space commercial risk for industry launch vehicles, is continuously industry. Prime Minister Modi stated participants. Over the years, this meeting the requirements for precision during the event that the \"space methodology has resulted in the and automation in the space industry. industry is a vital medium for the establishment of over 350 industry This saves space engineers a progress of 130 crore countrymen.\" partners who contribute to ISRO's significant amount of time because the space missions, as well as the birth of production time is greatly reduced. While the government has taken more than 50 start-ups. Complex payload and engine designs significant steps in the creation of an Since 2020, the Government of India has advanced a series of systemic reforms aimed at encouraging and advancing private sector operations and entrepreneurship in India's space sector These reforms have made it possible for the private sector to flourish and cater to both the domestic and global marketsofferingstate-of- the-art goods, solutions, and services There is enormous potential for young and agile Indian NewSpace entities to participate and contribute to the development, manufacture, and integration of launch vehicles and satellites of various classes, as well as to integrate with the foundation built by ISRO and increase the velocity and volume of order execution. The clustering of private companies around 36 TIP January 2022
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