MALAY TRADITIONAL DANCE

MAK INANG DANCE There are many song for Mak Inag dance. For example, Selendang Mak Inang, Inang Pulau Kampai and Inai Kampong. Below are example lyrics for Selendang Mak Inang song: Selendang mak inang selendang Itulah benang emas tempawan Selendang mak inang selendang Menari mak inang berdendang Itulah benang emas tempawan Untuk menghiburkan hati Melenggang mak inang kerisauan berdendang Menari mak inang berdendang Tarian asli memang sangat Untuk menghiburkan hati menawan kerisauan Melenggang mak inang Selendang mak inang selendang berdendang Dipakai gadis nan cantik rupawan Selendang mak inang selendang Tarian asli memang sangat Dipakai gadis nan cantik rupawan menawan Selendang mak inang selendang Bergurau senda di dalam taman Selendang mak inang selendang Bergurau senda di dalam taman 94

MAK INANG DANCE In maintaining the art and culture of traditional dance culture in Malaysia such as Mak Inang dance, now this dance is starting to be danced by every group whether children, teenagers and adults. The Inang dance is no longer performed in Melaka alone as in the past but this dance is danced all over Malaysia. For children and adolescents such as secondary and primary school, Inang dance is usually taught in schools in the subject of physical education. While adults such as university students will learn to perform this Inang dance especially students from the faculty of arts and culture. Apart from being danced by the students, this dance is also danced by dance groups that are specially invited to perform at certain gatherings and occasions. 95

MAK INANG DANCE SK Taman Medan was crowned the champion at the Traditional Mak Inang Dance Competition Final 2017  Mohd Khairul Anam Md Khairudin (2017) Semai Seni Budaya Warisan dari Awal. https://assets.bharian.com.my/images/articles/What sApp_Image_2017-11- 04_at_1.34.00_AM.jpeg.transformed.jpg For example, the Inang dance performance competition was held between the primary schools of the Petaling Utama district in 2017 and Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Medan was crowned the champion at the Traditional Inang Dance Competition Final. According to Mohd Khairul Anam (2017), “efforts to promote the interest and love of the community towards cultural arts and national heritage must be nurtured as early as primary school level”. Mohd Khairul also stated that, Petaling Jaya Selatan UMNO Division Deputy Chief, Datuk Abdul Mutalif Abdul Rahim, said the disclosure was important to ensure the uniqueness of the culture and customs possessed by the multi-racial community in the country remained preserved, \"Exposure like this must be expanded because art is able to unite unity and increase the love of the plural society in Malaysia,\" he said. He said this while officiating the 2017 Petaling Utama District Primary Schools Traditional Inang Dance Competition Final. 96

MAK INANG DANCE Inang dance is one of the traditional dances found in Malaysia. This dance is a cultural art that should always be attracted and performed either on stage or any occasion so as not to be outdated and always known by every group, especially young people today. Not only that, this dance is also one of the uniqueness found in Malaysia to attract tourists to travel here 97

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MAKYUNG DANCE Makyung is a Malayan dance that is so special and so subtle. It's a mix of dance, music, drama and comedy elements staged around theatres. The actors are young and attractive girls who take on all the roles of men and women, except comedy characters or 'roles.' This condition was born because Makyung is entertainment for the King of Queens and Princesses. Because they are worried if they fall in love with Makyung actors during kings or dignitaries leaving the palace to maintain state security and other duties outside the palace then the actors are made up of mere women. Malaysia is known throughout the world for its multi-cultures society. It has proven to be attractive to people from everywhere. As house to multiple ethnic groups, many countries regard Malaysia as a great example of peaceful co-existence regardless of race and creed. Culture and cultural heritage information sources are not only limited to arts and artistic objects stored in memory institutions, such as museums and archives, but they have a more extensive scope with a broader spectrum relating to human activities, traditions, or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants. 101

MAKYUNG DANCE  FFlat maappooffkkeelalantnatna.n(.n.(dn..)d. .[)P.h[Pothoogtroapghra].ph].  The yong character in Mak Yong theatre, Zainab HHttttpp://Www.Abccmmaalalayyssiaia.C.Comom/M/Mapasp/Ism/Iamgaesg/e. Awang. (2012). [Photograph]. sh/t.tp://www.abcmalaysia.com/maps/images/ https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Report%3A http://www.abcmalaysia.com/maps/images/ -The-Mak-Yong-Spiritual-Dance-Heritage-and- Mohamad/4437f0396ea648dc0719e00afee7f407c dbb5b26/figure/0pak Makyung was born in Patani Malaya Palace about 400 years ago and then spread to the East Peninsula states especially Kelantan. Makyong is derived from the Kingdom of Pattani. There are five styles of Makyong dance. First, is Makyong Pattani, second Makyong Kelantan, third is Makyong Kedah, fourth is Makyong Laut, and the last one is Makyong Riau. Three of Makyong which are in Malaysia. Each form has a different Makyong presentation that distinguishes one from the other. Makyong's performance typically starts with the song \"Mengadap Rebab\" accompanied by dance, race, and music. Rebab is Makyong's most powerful music instrument. Trigon has three sections, a bamboo shoot, a trunk, and a face. We can't be sure where the word makyung or sense really comes from. 102

MAKYUNG DANCE CLOTHES  Princess and Pakyung Dress and Jewelry. (2013). [Photograph]. Https://Www.Kkmm.Gov.My/Pdf/Buku/Makyu ng.Pdf.  Complete actors dressed according to the character. (2013). [Photograph]. Https://Www.Kkmm.Gov.My/Pdf/Buku/Makyung.Pdf. Makyong performances do not require props but the costumes of the characters are complete and expensive. The important characters in Makyong are given a special name and each character has his or her complete outfit alone no matter what the story. Pak Yung Muda's clothes are the same. Both wear a lever or a crown made of special velvet with manikam quality decoration and has sparkling edges. At the top of the pan is decorated with some jasmine buds. Some Jasmine flower straps are also hung on the left earlobe. 103

MAKYUNG DANCE  Clothes and ornaments used in makyung performances. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf Other actors who participated were the main characters wearing kebaya and silk sarong but no pendant or sibar fabric. They are wearing a bun and jasmine flowers are attached to the bun. Roles wear regular shorts, a sarong, and a pair of oversized pants. They are also wearing a twist of yarn fabric that at other times can as well tie to the waist.  Action Pakyung holds a rattan bera along with the role. (2013). 104 [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf

MAKYUNG DANCE TAWAK/GONG The mother's laughter, which is greater than the child's laughter, is made of copper. The sound of the mother's laughter is lower than the sound of the child's laughter. The two are hung and separated by two wooden sticks called expanding. The bat is made of wood the ends are wrapped in cloth or pieces of rubber. “GENDANG IBU” AND “GENDANG ANAK‟ Both differ in size and sound. The large face is covered with cow bones while the small face is covered with goat skin. 105

MAKYUNG DANCE FLUTE The flute has four parts, namely the sparrow, Mali, stem and copong. Each of these parts can be separated. CANANG Canang child and mother are made of copper. The difference between the two this canang can only be detected through the sound produced by the instrument the music. KESI The ‘kesi’ has two parts, a plate and a ‘kicah’ (four plates and two kicah) made of iron. 106

MAKYUNG DANCE REBAB Rebab has three parts, the bamboo shoots, the stems and the face. The face shell is made of jackfruit or sena and is coated with cowhide leather. On the chest (face) in the left corner there is a hole an inch wide and covered with a lid called 'milk' or 'breast'. Its function is to balance the internal and external air pressure. The jar is made of jackfruit or sira. In the past the fiddle rope was made of large yarn and then uses coarse yarn. Now they've been using guitar strings, gambus or violin. The violet slider is made of wood and a cord. The most important musician in the makyung band is the performer violin known as Tok Minduk. He's the chief of the band as well. He began all the songs with 8 to 16 \"measures\" accompanied by drums, gongs, solo sounds and chorus singers. He is the one who signals to start the song, change the rhythm, and things other on the musical aspect. ‘Tok minduk’ and other musicians memorize all makyung songs. There's also a ceremony to open the stage. The musicians are in the left corner of the stage, and the 'tok minduk' is seated, causing the sun to fall. The singing aspect of 'makyung' is preserved by all actors and also by musicians. The lead actor will start singing four or eight 'steps' after the advance is made by 'tok minduk.' Duplicate this will be sung by the chorus as well as by the singers. Typically, the short melody would be used several times. Only ‘senikata’ has changed. Inside singing, sounds and fiddles perform melodies, drums are beaten act and the gong indicates the 'measure' or number.  Musical instruments used during makyung performances. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pd f  The fiddle player is known as the tok minduk (2013)1. 07 [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf

MAKYUNG DANCE Bong wei... membalik tipo gak Ayuh tue wei Dage membue silolah cik wei Dage membue silolah cik wei Liuk litok tekula blalai la... Eh... liuk ko kiri Ayuhlah cik wei Luk ko kane Seperti suloh memain angin la... Liuk ko kiri kulai ko kane la Eh... bemban gugor di tapok Selude cik wei... meningga Ayuh tue wei maye la... Seperti denok menanti la... Ayuh tue wei Eh... berdiri kami tapok tigo Kami nok adap ke timor Jagolah... Seperti aur menarik suse Ia Eh.. sawo kami menggorok likaghe Ayuh tue wei Kami nok pecah lakoh lima la... Aur cik wei menarik suse la...  Dance towards Rebab. (2013). [Photograph].  Running in the makyung show. (2013). 108 https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.p [Photograph]. df https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyun g.pdf

MAKYUNG DANCE CHARACTERS - IMPORTANT CHARACTERS IN A MAKYUNG STORY: - Pak Yung - Become king or government and be the backbone makyung story. Pak Yung Muda - The main character or hero in the makyung story. Character this is what happens to various events from the time he is born to adults during the story revolves around the life of Pak Yung Muda. Mak Yung - Also the queen and in half the story takes the role which is important as the main character. Puteri Mak Yung - As the heroine in the makyung story. Role - There are several roles or comedians in the story makyung. The role of old age usually holds a more important character than other roles and acts as a servant of the king. Other roles is a funny character. Maids - Consists of spoiled girls who also act as a dancer or escort of Mak Yung or Princess Mak Yung. Other than the characters mentioned above, the evil characters do not left behind, like the king of the jinn and so on who is the opponent. 109

MAKYUNG DANCE  babak dalam persembahan makyung. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf  The role of saying something to Pak Yung. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf  Aksi Peran. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyun g.pdf  The actors appreciate the character. (2013). 110 [Photograpgh]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf

MAKYUNG DANCE  Puan Khatijah Binti Anting Primadona Mak Yung. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf PUAN KHATIJAH BINTI ANTING 111

MAKYUNG DANCE Puan Khatijah Binti Anting, the primadonna of Mak Yung and was born on 13 August 1941 in Kampung Lubuk Kawah, Pasir Mas Kelantan. Descendants Siam Melayu was born into an artistic family that regularly engaged in makyong art activities. Its superiority cannot be denied by anyone. Ability and perseverance she is greatly admired for appreciating this performing art. She is not can only dance makyung dance well, sing songs makyong with melody, but can even master the sequence of makyung story well and effectively. On September 13, 2000, we were abandoned by her, children a nation that is still thirsty and thirsty for this heritage art. Her departure is as a fighter, enforcer, and developer of makyung art the superior. 112

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SILAT Silat Melayu, also known as Seni Persilatan Melayu or simply Silat, uses langkah ('steps') and jurus ('movements') to ward off or strike attacks, either with or without guns. Silat traced its origins back to the early days of Malaya's civilization and has since developed into a fine physical and spiritual training activity that embodies elements of traditional Malaya dress, artistic performance and 'adat.' The philosophical basis of modern Malaya Silat is primarily based on the theology of Islam.  Silat Training In Malaysia The sun daily (2019). Malaysia’s Silat Receives Unesco Recognition. https://www.thesundaily.my/local/malaysia-s-silat-receives-unesco-recognition- GJ1759976 The word 'Pencak Silat' is often used in Malay terminology, but more in reference to the exoteric aspect of the battle style, in contrast to the esoteric aspect of Silat called Seni Silat ('the art of Silat'). In other terms,' pencak' (fighting) can be regarded as zahir (outer/exoteric knowledge), while seni, like batin (inner/esoteric knowledge) and zahir, pertains to the whole of Silat. Seni Silat is thus  Malay Silat Tradisional viewed as a higher degree of Mohd Nazirin Wahab (2019). Silat Melayu- The comprehension. Therefore, each aspect Blossoming Fruit of The Archipelago. of Silat is said to eamspaencatsteoffrocomm11ab5ratt, https://medium.com/silat-melayu/silat-melayu-the- including both the blossoming-fruit-of-the-archipelago-e0ee5ef61ce1

SILAT  Pencak Silat in Indonesia Suprijanto Al Hanif. (n.d). Pencak Silat, Kehidupan Pendesaan, Seni Bela Diri. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/389842911465519360/0/ In general, silat Melayu is The terms silat are used by characterized by its fixed hands Malay speakers in South East and is often regarded as a slow- Asia, but modern Indonesian down art among non- art is often referred to as practitioners. Pencak silat in pencak silat. In the case of Indonesia is more diverse and the Malaysian Peninsula, the relatively better known to the structures created on the public through high kicks, spring south-east Asian mainland and agile maneuvers. Although are classified as silat Melayu. this generalization does not The oldest was in the north of necessarily reflect the reality of Malaysia , Thailand and silat techniques, it has had a south of Vietnam today. Silat, significant effect on the as in Brunei, is also grouped stereotypic silat depictions in into the same category for Malaysia and Singapore. historical reasons. 116

SILAT Silat was first practised when the Sirivijaya kingdom controlled it. Most of the silat techniques, including silambam and thigh slapping, are derived from the Indian martial arts. It also has a Chinese influence, including depicting double-edged sword warriors. There are several legendary tales of how the silat was made, but it was archaeologically proven that silat was actually created and flourished in Sumatra after it was spread to Java. During the 15th century, Silat was already highly refined. Silat was widely distributed to Holland by Indonesian settlers after the colonization of the Netherlands. Silat is also one of the most renowned martial arts in the Netherlands. In the ancient Malay world, the origin of traditional Malay martial arts was traced to the need for self-defense, hunting tactics and military training. In preparing warriors for action in human warfare, hand-to-hand combat and firearms practice were important. 117

SILAT Depending on the area in which it is performed, Silat includes the martial arts of the Malaysian Archipelago, Indonesia and neighboring Southeast Asian regions and has different names. Silat has a rather mixed history, developed from headhunting skills by native residents with influences from Indian , Chinese and later from Japanese martial arts, and can be dated back to well over 1000 years ago in its earliest form. It relies heavily on weapons and combat techniques in the animal style and has been a method of protection for the Malays for many centuries. The art was often portrayed with dances and performances and was referred to as the game of the people. The traditional culture of these people meant that Silat could be done without it being clear that they were learning a combat skill. 118

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SILAT Silat uniform can vary, but can generally be divided into three types such as training, ceremonial and formal wear. The most important dress is the preparation, which usually consists of a baggy black pant and a black long sleeve baju melayu. Some schools require practitioners to wear belts (bengkung) during training, a practise borrowed from the Japanese martial arts belt system with different colours meaning different rank, whereas some silat schools substitute the bengkung with a modern buckled belt. The headdress is optional, but it's normal to wear a black bandana. Except when praying at the beginning and end of the training sessions, female practitioners can replace the bandana with the Islamic veil (tudong) or leave their hair open. A sarong may also be worn along with a fabric roll that could be used as a purse, a blanket, or a sword. 121

SILAT The formal dress typically worn during religious ceremonies is the final type of dress. The dress consists of  Martial art training among children the traditional baju melayu Mahederan Appukutty, M. (2017). Seni mempertahankan worn along with sampin and a diri dan kanak-kanak. Head and Senior Lecturer, Centre of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Sports Science & Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). https://mypositiveparenting.org/ms/2017/08/05/seni- mempertahankan diri-dan-kanak-kanak black hat called songkok for males. This is considered the traditional style of male Malay wear, which has been raised  Silat Pulut Performance at ceremony in Malaysia and Brunei to be Akmal Razak (2014). Persembahan silat untuk the national dress. The Majlis kahwin di Sangkot Villa Hulu Lengat. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Jn5hUhztZE ceremonial dress in the form of baju kurung is usually similar to the formal dress for female practitioners.  The costume of silat is Baju Melayu and Kain Sarong Farid Attar, F. (2017). Silat Warrior. https://ww6w2.p/ i/n8t0e8re5s3t6.n9z3/9p3in2/58402815336629/391322524213

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SILAT Silat performance is often accompanied by a type of music called 'martial arts drum' (gendang silat) in the form of competitive sport or highly stylized dance-like performance. The music, usually performed by a small orchestra, served to energize the performers and increase the audience's participation in silat competitions and wedding receptions, official occasions, as well as in dramatic performances such as Bangsawan, Mak yong or Mek Mulung theatres for battle scenes. For festive occasions or informal gatherings, it is also increasingly performed on its own as music. The northern ensembles are relatively similar depending on the instruments. The bigger of the pair is referred to as the 'mother' drum (pengibu or just ibu) and the smaller one as the 'child' (penganak or anak). Both include a pair of gendang barrel-shaped drums of two sizes. A hanging knobbed gong that may differ in scale, shape and material design is included in the ensemble. In interlocking style, the Gendang play loud rhythms, accentuating particular beats. The knobbed gong is struck with a padded beater at every other beat. Using a reef aero phone called serunai, melodies are played. Using a circular or continuous breathing technique, it is usually blown, and provides a lively melodic line during the silat output in eighth and sixteenth note movement. The music is polyphonic and the single gong is played with a melodic line, percussive rhythmic patterns and a periodic gong unit. It starts at a slow pace and accelerates until the climax of the score. 124

SILAT Depending on their performance sense, Gendang silat tunes are divided into three distinct repertoires. The first are martial art pieces (lagu silat, paluan silat) accompanying silat battle demonstrations and muay thai (tomoi) for wedding receptions, tournaments, and other public events. For example, Lagu Silat Kedah ('Kedah martial arts piece') and Paluan Kelantan ('Kelantan drumming') are usually named based on their roots. Next are the processional tunes (lagu berarak) that are pieces performed by dignitaries such as newlyweds or government officials for brief parades announcing the arrival. They may be in the form of particular music for parades or influenced by local folk tunes. There are also entertainment pieces (lagu hiburan) which are frequently played on the same occasions as the previous two groups, as well as in private home and training Centre (gelanggang) informal gatherings. Among its sources, this broad, heterogeneous category includes folk tunes, old Malay pop songs, as well as different interpretations of both global and regional tunes. 125

SILAT PARANG Parang is known as the Big Malay Knife. The machete is typically 30 centimeters long and has a mass of not more than 0.75 kilograms and is a knife-like weapon from Southeast Asia. The machete blade should not be less than 10 inches in length. SABIT A sickle is a type of hand tool used in agricultural activities, including grass or harvesting crops. Among ordinary people in history, it can be one of the most famous weapons.. KERAMBIT Kerambit or the Minangkabau language name is 'kurambiak or karambiak' is a small weapon in the form of a knife with a curved blade, a short distance that can be found in Southeast Asia in the Philippines includes Indonesia and Malaysia. Apart from being a weapon, ‘kerambit’ can also serve as an agricultural tool. 126

SILAT Pisau’ have been used as tools PISAU and weapons since the ‘zaman batu’. ‘Pisau’ consists of two main parts, namely the blade and the handle or handle of the knife. The blade of a ‘pisau’ is made of flat metal with sharp edges. ‘Pisau’ handle is generally elongated so that it can be held by hand. The kris is used for self-defense KERIS as an example of martial arts and as a tool of royal grandeur. This arm is also a symbol of the Malays' sovereignty. The most common of Keris are 'Taming Sari Keris,' which is the arms of Hang Tuah, a famous Malay warrior. Rencong is the traditional weapon RENCONG of the people of Aceh that looks like a knife. It is the main weapon for the people of Aceh as a dagger, the main weapon of the Javanese. It is designed to mimic the letter L, and when viewed more closely, it resembles calligraphy. 127

SILAT Tumbuk Lada is a sort of traditional Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, and Malay Peninsula Malay arms. The shape of the blade of this weapon looks like Sulawesi Badik, but the shape of the holster is different. For stabbing, slicing and colonizing in close combat, Tumbuk Lada is used ‘Pedang’ is a sharp weapon with long blades on either side and two on either side. ‘Pedang’ are normally made of hard metal such as iron or steel, although in some cases, other stones that are equally tough and hard are also appropriate. 'Stick' means a walking stick literally. Club in Silat it refers to the short stick or the term ‘toyak’, ‘gada’, ‘belatan’ or ‘tembong.’ Tongkat is also sometimes referred to as wood. The use of a ‘tongkat ’is to sweep an opponent or catch his weapon, depending on its shape. 'Topang' means a stick and in Southeast Asia, 128 a special stick consists of a stick that is connected about a third of the length down with a straight handle. The form of the weapon is shorter, only measuring the length of the forearm. They can also be built of concrete, which is normally made of bamboo or wood.

SILAT Silat is a cultural art that has been practiced for centuries. This internationally patterned and identity activity does not at all focus on the development of martial arts, but martial arts are focused only on martial arts in the form of competitions. Most martial arts schools that develop martial arts to the international level are more mobile according to the teaching initiative itself and also the relationships that have been built individually. Its quality and movement are enjoyed by studying and bequeathed from one generation to the next. It is the Malay identity and only learning and practice can save it. Otherwise, only through writing and photographs can it become extinct and recognized. 129

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ULEK MAYANG DANCE HISTORY MAYANG Ulek Mayang dance is the popular original dance of the Terengganu culture. Ulek Mayang it is called Ulek Mayang since the basic material used during the demonstration is a bunch of coconut mayang or also known as betel nuts. The term ‘Ulek’ refers to the meaning of barking or barking or in the sense of dancing, it bears  [Photograph of Ulek Mayang Dance. (n.d.). Ulek Mayang dance is the popular original dance of https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=deskt the Terengganu culture. Ulek Mayang it is called Ulek op&v=lzRuFOwaUx0 Mayang since the basic material used during the demonstration is a bunch of coconut mayang or also known as betel nuts. The term ‘Ulek’ refers to the meaning of barking or barking or in the sense of dancing, it bears the meaning of yelling while singing. It can then be inferred that the Ulek Mayang dance is a kind of dance which has elements of worship and which, through the adored Mayang, encourages excitement. This dance occurred during the reign of Sultan Umar (1839-1870) and is also said to have arisen in the land of Seberang, which is the Java Islands. This dance is a symbol of the way of life in Terengganu Malaya, a practice associated with fishing practices and the trust in the soul and spirit of the sea that merged with their lives. 133

ULEK MAYANG DANCE OF ULEK G DANCE The ceremony also includes elements of gentle and polite action, which was later converted into dance art form, which gradually became one of Terengganu’s famous cultural dances. Nowadays, Ulek Mayang dance is just entertainment due to the influence of Islam, which has weakened the characteristics of shirk and superstition in dance art.  [Photograph of Terengganu State]. (2014). https://encrypted- 134 tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFxmOJtZn1HK2zzk8Goz dgitL1Z8_M3yRdlQ&usqp=CAU

ULEK MAYANG DANCE THE LEGEND OF ULEK MAYANG It is assumed that the legend of Ulek Mayang or Ugam Mayang flourished during the reign of Sultan Umar. The life of the dance Play Princess and Mak Yong performances in Kelantan was so popular in the 1970s with the beginning of the growth of contemporary drama in Malaya. At the time, Ulek Mayang was very common as a ritual to treat the disease in the Terengganu  Puteri Bunian.[Photograph]. (n.d.). culture. In addition, this dance is also known to come http://hamblidesign.blogspot.com/2011/03/m from Tanah Seberang, the Java Islands. y-design-poster-ulek-mayang-polaroid.html Ulek Mayang’s history goes back to ancient times. The plot starts with a party of fishermen heading out to sea to catch fish by ferry. The operations of the fishermen were shocked by an awful storm in the middle of the ocean before the jong in which they were riding was struck by violent waves. All the fishermen had been thrown into the middle of the stormy ocean until they managed to escape. However, owing to exhaustion, they had succumbed to fate and had eventually struggled to rescue themselves from the power of the waves. Then the storm subsided and returned to life. The fishermen were washed ashore and woke up one by one, and they are very happy to be alive. However one of them is still asleep. The fishermen believed that their friend was dead, but they thought it was wrong because their friend's body was still alive after being checked.  [Photograph of Persembahan Ulek 135 Mayang].(n.d.). https://pemetaanbudaya.my/en/category/culture /258

ULEK MAYANG DANCE Upon investigation, the shaman found that the fisherman had been mesmerized by Puteri Bunian as shown in figure 2: Puteri Bunian. Puteri Bunian has tried to mesmerize all the fishermen but only one person is attracted and it is believed that the fisherman has been trapped and wandering in the realm of goblins. The shaman has tried to bring the spirit of the fisherman back to the real world but the princess has called on one of her sisters to help fight the shaman. Two more sisters seemed to cast spells in the middle of the battle. Then two more daughters were arose, making a total of six. The combat between the shaman and the princesses became so powerful that the world shook and the sea shook. The furious war ended when the seventh princess, the eldest sibling, arrived. The princess has a more stunning look, wise and powerful. After that the shaman prayed to the seventh princess to recover the spirit of the fishermen. Realizing the mischief of her sisters, the eldest daughter called an end to the war. 136

ULEK MAYANG DANCE DANCE CONCEPTS FORM In the 1980s, Ulek Mayang underwent a “somber” period when the authorities outlawed the use of the original spell of Ulek Mayang. Debates and as a result, the mantra was found to be contradictory to the teachings of Islam, as it had the elements of referencing what was considered superstitious. The music was also the creator's invention since there was no music in the original performance, and only the spell was recited during the healing ceremony. As such, the current version of the Ulek Mayang came out from the imaginations of its creator who turned the spell into a song.  Upacara Ulek Mayang. (2013).  Ritual of Ulek Mayang. (2015). Http://Ceriteradimensi.Blogspot.Com/2013/01/ Https://Www.Nst.Com.My/News/2015/09/Song- Sea. Retrieved 20-11, from Misteri-Tarian-Ulik-Mayang.Html. Retrieved https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/song-sea 20-11, from 137 http://ceriteradimensi.blogspot.com/2013/01/m isteri-tarian-ulik-mayang.html

ULEK MAYANG DANCE  The art of Ulek Mayang Dance. (n.d.). The eligibility of the dance community is an important Retrieved 20-11, from part of the initial planning. The age limit is not an http://titianterengganu.blogspot.com/p/kese issue, since most artists are between the ages of 18 nian.html and 25. The palm blossom holder must have inner strength and bravery as only such a person will rouse  mystic of Ulek Mayang. (n.d.). the palm blossom. The palm blossom bears the palm https://www.thevocket.com/lagu-ulek- blossom holder entering the trance after which he mayang-seram/ gets up and begins dancing. His hands are shaking violently, and the palm blossom appears to come to life. The actors would take turns to see who will make the palm blossom come alive. The one who succeeds will be given the task of carrying the rose palm blossom. The palm blossom method is followed by the singing of the Umbuk Mayang poem. Throughout the whole act, an accomplished shaman is present to ensure that nothing untoward occurs during the show. Performance can be done anywhere as long as there is no danger to performance. The “Ulek Mayang” is usually conducted on any night except Friday night. 138

ULEK MAYANG DANCE Before the execution of Ulek Mayang,  [Photograph of Ulek Mayang dance prayers and the surah Al-Fatihah are performance]. (n.d.). Retrieved 20-10, from recited to seek the protection of all those https://pemetaanbudaya.my/culture/dis/258 present during the performance. After that, the dancers encircle the shaman or traditional healer, and the palm blossom passes over the incense smoke. Then the shaman starts to evoke the palm blossom. During the invocation, the following verses are used: Asal tunjang penunjuk bumi Asal akar raja bersila Asal batang raja berdiri Asal kulit baju raja Asal dahan raja mengepal Asal ranting raja menginggut Asal daun raja melayang Asal pucuk raja menyembah Asal seludang memecah mayang Berkat kata Laailahaillallah  [Photograph of Kemenyan]. (n.d.). https://ohmedia.my/umum/fungsi-sebenar- kemenyan/ 139

ULEK MAYANG DANCE DURING THE PREPARATION The show starts with impersonators  [Photograph of The ritual of Ulek Mayang. (n.d.). stature in a sphere, the scale of which Http://Sek2ganu.Blogspot.Com/2009/04/Ulek- confide on the total of doer. The actor sits Mayang.Html. http://sek2ganu.blogspot.com/2009/04/ulek- in the centre of the circle, equity a palm mayang.html blossom, and the top singer (adi') sits in the aggregate. The dance production begins with three male dancers are misleading in a state of oblivion while the other one holds a palm blossom. The environment vocalist sings Ulek Mayang’s song mobilize the Second Princess. After the introduction of the Second Princess dancing trailing the male dancer, the speech is summons the Fourth, the Sixth, and the Seventh Princess. When the Seventh Princess arrives, the melody to push and carry the spirits away is sung. Overall, the “Ulek Mayang” dance is made up of 11 performers, composed of four men and sevenwomen. [Photograph of Ulek Mayang Dance]. (n.d.). https://steemkr.com/life/@ainie.kashif/hhg11-malaysian- traditional-dances-exotic-and-enchanting 140

ULEK MAYANG DANCE EQUIPMENTS COSTUMES  [Photograph of Palm blossom]. The key item in the Ulek Mayang dance is an area nut palm used by a (n.d.). shaman or traditional healer during the show. The main aim is to evoke https://www.shutterstock.com/ima the spirit of the flower and as such it has an important significance in ge-photo/close-palm-blossom- the dance of “Ulek Mayang”. The region nut palm blossom is therefore blooming-bouquet-on- used in the “Ulek Mayang” dance until today. 1327966145 141

ULEK MAYANG DANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS  [Photograph of Violin]. (n.d.). Diverse the Ulek Mayang of the elapsed, the modern https://fiddlershop.com/products/fid version of the Ulek Mayang ritual is lead by different dlerman-concert-violin-outfit melodious instruments. In line with the changes made by Ulek Mayang practitioners, musical instruments have been added to breathe new life into the art form. The musical instruments generate an mesmerizing atmosphere and inspire the spirit of the seven princesses. These instruments comprise accordion, viola, small/large reban or silat drum, guitar, and gong.  [Photograph of Gong]. (n.d.).  [Photograph of Drum]. (n.d.). https://www.eromman.com/en/pbh https://reagins.onrender.com/gendang -traditional-malaysia-hand- -ibu-dan-anak.html hammered-gold-gong-with-mallet/  [Photograph of fluet]. (n.d.).  [Photograph of Accordian]. (1n.4d.2). https://egypt.souq.com/eg-en/nay-fluet- 64907098/i/ https://www.shutterstock.com/search/ accordian  [Photograph of Rebana]. (n.d.). https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reba na

ULEK MAYANG DANCE COSTUMES  [Photograph of The ritual of Ulek Mayang]. According to manifold culture dexterous (2009). in Terengganu and those comprehend in the dance performances, there is no http://sek2ganu.blogspot.com/2009/04/ulek- unique attire for dancers. The costume mayang.html of Ulek Mayang is inspirited by and shine the comeliness of the princess.  [Photograph of Ritual of Ulek Mayang]. (2015). Basically, the dancers were dressed in a https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/song-sea gamelan costume that consisted of a short top worn with gold embroidered sarang to signify the high prominence of a princess. The dancer who plays the side of the princess abrasion a yellow shawl, a belt, and a crown on her head. The dress is yellow, green, and red, with a precise allegorical meaning in the customs of the Malays. The male dancers who play the shaman and the fishermen dress up like a fisherman when they head out to sea. 143