Full Report - Feasibility Study KSCS K-Exim

FEASIBILITY STUDY for Karian – Serpong Water Conveyance System (KSCS) in Indonesia 2018. 12

SUMMARY REPORT 1.0 Project overview 2.0 Raw water allocation plan 3.0 Related facilities and plans 4.0 Raw water conveyance system planning 5.0 Project cost estimation 6.0 Project execution agency and implementation system 7.0 Operation and maintenance system 8.0 Economic and financial feasibility analysis 9.0 Environmental and social effect assessment 10.0 Conclusion and suggestion

Ch 1. OVERVIEW 1.1 Project background 1.2 Project objective 1.3 Project scope 1.4 Project overview 1.5 Project implementation period 1.6 Expected benefits

Ch 2. GENERAL STATUS 2.1 General status and location 2.2 Natural environment 2.3 Socio-economic conditions 2.4 Review of national development-related plans 2.5 Political feasibility review on water resources development and water supply system 2.6 Waterworks offices and related agencies

Ch 3. BASIC DATA & SITE INVESTIGATION 3.1 Topographical survey 3.2 Soil investigation 3.3 Water quality investigation 3.1 Water demand

Ch 4. RELATED FACILITIES AND PLANS 4.1 Overview 4.2 Existing water treatment plants in operation 4.3 Karian Dam 4.4 Intake tower 4.5 Conveyance tunnel 4.6 Water treatment plants connected to conveyance pipelines

Ch 5. CONVEYANCE SYSTEM PLANNING 5.1 Main index 5.2 Raw water conveyance plan 5.3 Design Criteria 5.4 Conveyance pipeline 5.5 Selection of pipeline materials 5.6 Safety of pumps and conveyance 5.7 Pipeline installation 5.8 Corrosion protection of steel pipe 5.9 Quality assurance of pipeline 5.10 Building plan of the booster pumping station 5.11 Mechanical works 5.12 Electrical and Instrumental & Control Works

Ch 6. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN 6.1 Overview 6.2 Direct Cost 6.3 Indirect Cost 6.4 Total project cost 6.5 Financing plan 6.6 Separation of foreign and local currency 6.7 Procurement plan 6.8 Project implementation period 6.9 Risk factor analysis and management

Ch 7. PROJECT EXECUTION AGENCY AND IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM 7.1 Project execution agency 7.2 Project implementation system 7.3 Preparation of project implementation 7.4 Project implementation system and cooperation system 7.5 Operation and maintenance system

Ch 8. REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY 8.1 Review of technical feasibility 8.2 Review of political feasibility

Ch 9. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 9.1 Overview 9.2 Analysis conditions 9.3 Cost estimation 9.4 Benefits analysis 9.5 Economic feasibility analysis 9.6 Financial feasibility analysis

Ch 10. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 10.1 Social and environmental legislation and approval procedure in Indonesia 10.2 Environmental and social impact grades 10.3 Planning and preparation of environmental and social impact assessment 10.4 Review of application of international environmental and social standards 10.5 Follow-up requirements for implementation

Ch 11. CONCLUSION 11.1 Overview 11.2 Technical feasibility 11.3 Project execution plan 11.4 Political feasibility 11.5 Economic and financial feasibility 11.6 Environmental and social effect assessment 11.7 Expected benefits 11.8 Final conclusion

Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY REPORT Chapter 1. OVERVIEW 1.1 Project background·················································································1-1 1.1.1 Project background ············································································1-1 1.1.2 Project development details and main schedule ··········································1-1 1.2 Project objective ····················································································1-2 1.3 Project scope ························································································1-3 1.3.1 Location of the project area ··································································1-3 1.3.2 Project scope ···················································································1-5 1.3.3 Task scope ······················································································1-6 1.4 Project overview····················································································1-7 1.4.1 Main index······················································································1-7 1.4.2 Facility overview ··············································································1-9 1.4.3 Project cost estimation ······································································ 1-10 1.5 Project implementation period ································································· 1-11 1.6 Expected benefits················································································· 1-12 Chapter 2. GENERAL STATUS 2.1 General status and location ·······································································2-1 2.2 Natural environment ···············································································2-2 2.2.1 Topographical conditions·····································································2-2 2.2.2 Geological conditions·········································································2-3 2.2.3 Water resources ················································································2-6 2.2.4 Climate ··························································································2-7 2.2.5 Land use ························································································2-9 2.2.6 Disasters ······················································································ 2-10 2.3 Socio-economic conditions ····································································· 2-11 2.3.1 Administrative division ····································································· 2-11 2.3.2 Population and water supply ······························································· 2-13 2.3.3 Environment and health ···································································· 2-19 2.3.4 Industry ······················································································· 2-20 2.3.5 Taxes ·························································································· 2-22 2.3.6 Infrastructures ················································································ 2-23 2.3.7 Politics and economic trends······························································· 2-24 2.4 Review of national development-related plans ·············································· 2-26 i

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 2.4.1 Mid-term national development plan (RPJMN 2015~2019) ·························· 2-26 2.4.2 National economic development plan (MP3EI 2011~2025) ·························· 2-27 2.4.3 Publication of Blue Book for the 2015-2019 major projects·························· 2-29 2.5 Political feasibility review on water resources development and water supply system 2-31 2.5.1 Water resources development and management ········································ 2-31 2.5.2 Water supply and environmental hygiene················································ 2-34 2.6 Waterworks offices and related agencies ····················································· 2-36 2.6.1 Waterworks offices ·········································································· 2-36 2.6.2 Related agencies ············································································· 2-37 Chapter 3. SITE INVESTIGATION 3.1 Topographical survey ··············································································3-1 3.1.1 Overview························································································3-1 3.1.2 Location of project ············································································3-1 3.1.3 Result of survey················································································3-1 3.1.4 Field investigation of planned site for a booster pump station, and roads, railroads, river crossing routes ··········································································3-2 3.2 Soil investigation ···················································································3-8 3.2.1 Overview························································································3-8 3.2.2 Result of survey················································································3-9 3.3 Water quality investigation······································································ 3-16 3.3.1 Overview······················································································ 3-16 3.3.2 Location of water quality investigation ·················································· 3-16 3.3.3 Result of water quality investigation ····················································· 3-16 3.4 Water demand ····················································································· 3-20 3.4.1 Water demand by region···································································· 3-20 3.4.2 Water demand and supply analysis························································ 3-30 3.4.3 Water distribution plan······································································ 3-31 Chapter 4. RELATED FACILITIES AND PLANS 4.1 Overview ····························································································4-1 4.2 Existing water treatment plants in operation ···················································4-2 4.3 Karian Dam ·························································································4-9 4.4 Intake tower ······················································································· 4-13 4.5 Conveyance tunnel ··············································································· 4-15 4.6 Water treatment plants connected to conveyance pipelines ································ 4-16 4.6.1 WTP capacity ················································································ 4-16 4.6.2 Site of water treatment plant ······························································· 4-17 4.6.3 Design criteria················································································ 4-18 ii

Contents 4.6.4 Water treatment process ···································································· 4-19 4.6.5 Layout plan of water treatment plant ····················································· 4-20 Chapter 5. CONVEYANCE SYSTEM PLANNING 5.1 Main index ··························································································5-1 5.1.1 Project area ·····················································································5-1 5.1.2 Target year ······················································································5-2 5.1.3 Raw water allocation plan····································································5-2 5.1.4 Project scope ···················································································5-6 5.2 Raw water conveyance plan ······································································5-8 5.2.1 Conveyance amount by phase ·······························································5-8 5.2.2 Pump plan for a phased conveyance························································5-9 5.2.3 Pump Station Layout Plan·································································· 5-11 5.2.4 Conveyance system plan by phase ························································ 5-14 5.2.5 Flowrate control method ··································································· 5-14 5.2.6 Automation and remote operation························································· 5-17 5.3 Design Criteria···················································································· 5-19 5.3.1 Basic direction ··············································································· 5-19 5.3.2 Water quality criteria ········································································ 5-19 5.3.3 Hydraulic calculation criteria ······························································ 5-23 5.3.4 Pipeline design criteria······································································ 5-25 5.4 Conveyance pipeline············································································· 5-28 5.4.1 Pipeline route················································································· 5-28 5.4.2 Hydraulic calculation ······································································· 5-29 5.4.3 Determination of pipe diameter ··························································· 5-39 5.5 Selection of pipeline materials ································································· 5-42 5.5.1 Selection of pipe type ······································································· 5-42 5.5.2 Determination of pipe thickness··························································· 5-46 5.5.3 Auxiliary facilities ··········································································· 5-48 5.6 Safety of pumps and conveyance pipeline···················································· 5-63 5.6.1 Cavitation····················································································· 5-63 5.6.2 Water hammer················································································ 5-66 5.7 Pipeline installation ·············································································· 5-77 5.7.1 Pipeline installation procedure ···························································· 5-77 5.7.2 Welding and joining of steel pipe ························································· 5-78 5.7.3 Excavation, groundwork, and backfilling················································ 5-83 5.7.4 Pipe installation for crossing section ····················································· 5-86 5.7.5 Road for maintenance and management ················································· 5-99 5.7.5 Connecting the conveyance tunnel and pipelin ········································· 5-99 iii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 5.8 Corrosion protection of steel pipe·····························································5-102 5.8.1 Anti-corrosion painting ····································································5-102 5.8.2 Protection methods against galvanic corrosion ········································5-108 5.9 Quality assurance of pipeline ·································································· 5-112 5.9.1 Hydraulic pressure test····································································· 5-112 5.9.2 Nondestructive testing ····································································· 5-113 5.9.3 Commissioning test (water flow test)···················································· 5-117 5.10 Building plan of the booster pumping station ············································· 5-119 5.10.1 Basic direction of building plan························································· 5-119 5.10.2 Layout planning ··········································································· 5-119 5.10.3 Floor, elevation, and section plan of a building ······································5-121 5.10.4. Finishing plan·············································································5-122 5.10.5. Architectural planning ···································································5-122 5.10.6 Foundation of pumping station ·························································5-128 5.10.7 Structural planning of the pumping station············································5-132 5.11 Mechanical/electrical equipment ····························································5-136 5.11.1 Overview ···················································································5-136 5.11.2 Design flow rate ···········································································5-136 5.11.3 Booster pump ··············································································5-137 5.11.4 Pump discharge valve ····································································5-150 5.11.5 Water hammer safety device·····························································5-151 5.11.6 Lifting equipment ·········································································5-156 5.11.7 List of main equipment···································································5-157 5.12 Electric and instrumentation/control equipment ··········································5-160 5.12.1 Electric equipment ········································································5-160 5.12.2 Instrumentation and control equipment················································5-168 Chapter 6. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN 6.1 Overview ····························································································6-1 6.2 Direct cost ···························································································6-2 6.2.1 Direct construction cost·······································································6-2 6.2.2 Commissioning cost···········································································6-8 6.2.3 Consulting service ·············································································6-9 6.2.4 Contingency cost ············································································ 6-17 6.3 Indirect cost ······················································································· 6-19 6.4 Total project cost ················································································· 6-22 6.5 Financing plan ···················································································· 6-23 6.6 Separation of foreign and local currency ····················································· 6-25 6.6.1 Separation of foreign and local currency in project cost estimation ················· 6-25 iv

Contents 6.6.2 Items for foreign production (produced in foreign countries)························· 6-27 6.7 Procurement plan ················································································· 6-28 6.7.1 Procurement method ········································································ 6-28 6.7.2 Procurement plan ············································································ 6-28 6.8 Project implementation period ································································· 6-31 6.9 Risk factor analysis and management ························································· 6-33 Chapter 7. PROJECT EXECUTION AGENCY AND IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM 7.1 Project execution agency··········································································7-1 7.1.1 Organization····················································································7-1 7.1.2 Project implementation experiences ························································7-4 7.2 Project implementation system································································· 7-10 7.2.1 Project implementation capability ························································ 7-10 7.2.2 Employment of international consultants and project scale ··························· 7-10 7.3 Preparation of project implementation ························································ 7-19 7.3.1 Preparation of project implementation ··················································· 7-19 7.3.2 Prerequisites for project implementation················································· 7-22 7.4 Project implementation system and cooperation system ··································· 7-24 7.4.1 Project execution agency and related organizations ···································· 7-24 7.4.2 Organization structure for project implementation ····································· 7-25 7.5 Operation and maintenance system ···························································· 7-27 7.5.1 Operation and maintenance organization ················································ 7-27 7.5.2 Costs for operation and maintenance ····················································· 7-30 7.5.3 Educational training and program························································· 7-33 7.5.4 Commissioning and technology transfer plan ··········································· 7-36 Chapter 8. REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY 8.1 Review of technical feasibility ···································································8-1 8.1.1 Adequacy of the design criteria······························································8-1 8.1.2 Adequacy of the demand outlook and allocation plan ···································8-2 8.1.3 Adequacy of the hydraulic system ··························································8-3 8.1.4 Adequacy of the selection of pumps ························································8-5 8.1.5 Adequacy of the selection of a steel pipe and its construction ··························8-8 8.1.6 Adequacy of the introduction of the automatic welding and nondestructive test ·· 8-12 8.2 Review of the political feasibility······························································ 8-15 8.2.1 Overview······················································································ 8-15 8.2.2 Necessity of an investment project························································ 8-15 8.2.3 Balanced regional development ··························································· 8-18 8.2.4 Consistency of policy and the will of the local government ·························· 8-18 v

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 8.2.5 Cooperation from the related organizations ············································· 8-20 8.2.6 Risk factors ··················································································· 8-21 Chapter 9. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 9.1 Overview ····························································································9-1 9.2 Analysis conditions ················································································9-1 9.2.1 General items···················································································9-1 9.2.2 Analysis method ···············································································9-3 9.3 Analysis conditions ················································································9-4 9.3.1 Overview························································································9-4 9.3.2 Investment plan ················································································9-4 9.3.3 Operation and maintenance cost·····························································9-7 9.4 Benefits analysis····················································································9-8 9.4.1 Overview························································································9-8 9.4.2 Distribution of benefits ·······································································9-8 9.4.3 Water price system ············································································9-9 9.4.4 Service population plan····································································· 9-11 9.4.5 Benefits from the reduction in healthcare expenditure································· 9-11 9.4.6 Time-saving benefits from the smooth supply of water································ 9-12 9.4.7 Benefits from the reduction in infant mortality ········································· 9-14 9.4.8 Annual benefits estimation ································································· 9-15 9.5 Economic feasibility analysis··································································· 9-17 9.5.1 Overview······················································································ 9-17 9.5.2 Distribution of benefits ····································································· 9-17 9.5.3 Sensitivity analysis ·········································································· 9-18 9.5.4 Economic feasibility analysis of KSCS + Serpong WTP······························ 9-19 9.6 Financial feasibility analysis···································································· 9-22 Chapter 10. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 10.1 Social and environmental legislation and approval procedure in Indonesia ··········· 10-1 10.1.1 Environmental legislation, standard, and approval procedure······················· 10-1 10.1.2 Social legislation and approval procedure in Indonesia ······························ 10-4 10.1.3 Application of the EDPF and international standards ·······························10-10 10.2 Environmental and social impact grades ···················································10-17 10.2.1 Current state of the AMDAL ····························································10-17 10.2.2 Environmental and social impact grading system····································10-19 10.3 Planning and preparation of environmental and social impact assessment············10-20 10.3.1 Environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) ·······························10-20 10.3.2 Review of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARAP) ····················10-22 vi

Contents 10.4 Review of application of international environmental and social standards ··········10-46 10.4.1 Review of application mutatis mutandis of environmental and social legislation in Indonesia ··················································································10-46 10.4.2 Review of application mutatis mutandis of international environmental and social standards ··················································································· 10-48 10.5 Follow-up requirements for implementation ··············································10-62 10.5.1 Renewal and approval of the AMDAL for the entire route of this project········10-62 10.5.2 Application of international safeguard standards to the existing AMDAL and supplement ················································································10-62 10.5.3 Land acquisition and compensation ····················································10-62 10.5.4 Considerations for land acquisition and compensation (LARAP) of this project (phase 1 main conveyance line)························································10-63 Chapter 11. CONCLUSION 11.1 Overview ························································································· 11-1 11.2 Technical feasibility ············································································ 11-1 11.2.1 Raw water allocation plan ································································ 11-2 11.2.2 Facility outline·············································································· 11-3 11.2.3 Adequacy of the hydraulic system ······················································· 11-4 11.2.4 Adequacy of the selection of pumps····················································· 11-5 11.2.5 Adequacy of the selection of a steel pipe and its construction ······················ 11-6 11.2.6 Automatic field welding and nondestructive testing ·································· 11-6 11.3 Project execution plan·········································································· 11-7 11.3.1 Necessity of working design ····························································· 11-7 11.3.2 Necessity of employment of Korean consultants······································ 11-8 11.4 Political feasibility ·············································································· 11-9 11.5 Economic and financial feasibility ··························································· 11-9 11.5.1 Economic feasibility ······································································· 11-9 11.5.2 Financial feasibility ······································································· 11-11 11.6 Environmental and social effect assessment ··············································· 11-11 11.6.1 Environmental and social impact grading system ···································· 11-11 11.6.2 Planning and preparation of environmental and social impact assessment ······· 11-12 11.6.3 Follow-up requirements for implementation·········································· 11-12 11.7 Expected benefits ·············································································· 11-13 11.7.1 Expected benefits for the recipient country ··········································· 11-14 11.7.2 Expected benefits for the donor country··············································· 11-14 11.8 Final conclusion················································································ 11-14 vii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia - LIST OF TABLES - Chapter 1. OVERVIEW <Table 1.1> Contextual scope of the project····················································· 1-5 <Table 1.2> Raw water allocation plan by region ·············································· 1-7 <Table 1.3> Raw water allocation plan by WTP ················································ 1-8 <Table 1.4> Overview of the project facility ···················································· 1-9 <Table 1.5> Total project cost (phase 1)·························································1-10 Chapter 2. GENERAL STATUS <Table 2.1> Feature of the Ciujung River························································ 2-7 <Table 2.2> Monthly average climate data and weather conditions (Serang observatory) 2-8 <Table 2.3> Monthly average climate data and weather conditions (Budiarto observatory) · ··························································································· 2-9 <Table 2.4> Current state of land use of project area··········································· 2-9 <Table 2.5> Indonesia’s 34 provinces ··························································· 2-11 <Table 2.6> Current status of administrative division of project area ······················2-12 <Table 2.7> Population and water supply in Tangerang regency ····························2-13 <Table 2.8> Population and water supply of Tangerang city·································2-14 <Table 2.9> Population and water supply in Palyja ···········································2-15 <Table 2.10> Population and water supply in Parung Panjang ······························2-16 <Table 2.11> Population and water supply of Lebak regency ·······························2-17 <Table 2.12> Population and water supply of Serang regency·······························2-18 <Table 2.13> Indonesia’s GDP growth rates by industry (from 2013 to 2016)············2-21 <Table 2.14> Foreign capital projects under the Indonesian government’s mid-term national development plan··························································2-27 <Table 2.15> Budget by infrastructure projects planned for 2015 to 2019·················2-30 <Table 2.16> Budget by non-infrastructure projects planned for 2015 to 2019 ···········2-31 <Table 2.17> Mid-term water resources development plan ··································2-33 <Table 2.18> General status of PDAMs·························································2-37 Chapter 3. SITE INVESTIGATION <Table 3.1> The coordinates of a booster pump station ······································· 3-2 <Table 3.2> The coordinates of crossing points················································· 3-2 <Table 3.3> Scope of soil investigation ·························································· 3-8 <Table 3.4> Location of soil investigation······················································· 3-9 <Table 3.5> Result of soil quality investigation (1) ···········································3-13 <Table 3.6> Result of a soil quality investigation (2) ·········································3-14 viii

Contents <Table 3.7> Result of a soil quality investigation (3) ·········································3-15 <Table 3.8> Raw water quality investigation (rainy season) ·································3-17 <Table 3.9> Raw water quality investigation (dry season) ···································3-18 <Table 3.10> Water demand outlook in Tangerang regency··································3-20 <Table 3.11> Water demand outlook in Tangerang city·······································3-21 <Table 3.12> Water demand outlook in South Tangerang city·······························3-22 <Table 3.13> Water demand outlook in West Jakarta ·········································3-23 <Table 3.14> Water demand outlook in Parun Panjang, Bogor ······························3-25 <Table 3.15> Water demand outlook in Lebak regency·······································3-26 <Table 3.16> Water demand outlook in Serang regency······································3-27 <Table 3.17> Water demand outlook in Serang city ···········································3-28 <Table 3.18> Water demand outlook in Cilegon city··········································3-29 <Table 3.19> The result of water demand and supply analysis ······························3-30 <Table 3.20> Water resources distribution plan for Karian Dam ····························3-31 Chapter 4. RELATED FACILITIES AND PLANS <Table 4.1> Current status and plans of conveyance-related facilities ······················ 4-1 <Table 4.2> Current status of water supply service in Banten and West Jakarta ··········· 4-2 <Table 4.3> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Tangerang regency······ 4-3 <Table 4.4> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Tangerang city··········· 4-5 <Table 4.5> List of water treatment plants owned by Palyja·································· 4-5 <Table 4.6> Water treatment plant owned by PDAM of Bogor regency ···················· 4-6 <Table 4.7> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Serang regency·········· 4-7 <Table 4.8> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Lebak regency··········· 4-8 <Table 4.9> Brief history of the Karian Dam construction project··························4-10 <Table 4.10> Specifications of Karian Dam ····················································4-12 <Table 4.11> Specifications of intake tower····················································4-14 <Table 4.12> Devices to be installed in the intake tower ·····································4-15 <Table 4.13> Allocated amount of water by WTP·············································4-17 <Table 4.14> Administrative division and topography of WTP site ························4-17 <Table 4.15> Comparison of design criteria····················································4-18 <Table 4.16> Design criteria for raw water quality of WTP ·································4-19 Chapter 5. CONVEYANCE SYSTEM PLANNING <Table 5.1> Target year ············································································· 5-2 <Table 5.2> Raw water allocation plan by area ················································· 5-3 <Table 5.3> Raw water allocation in the left side of the Karian dam ························ 5-4 <Table 5.4> Raw water allocation plan by WTP ················································ 5-5 <Table 5.5> Project scope by phase······························································· 5-6 ix

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 5.6> Project scope by phase······························································· 5-7 <Table 5.7> Planned conveyance amount by area and phase ································· 5-8 <Table 5.8> Planned conveyance amount by WTP and phase ································ 5-9 <Table 5.9> Flowrate and number of booster pumps··········································5-10 <Table 5.10> Types and specifications of a booster pump ··································· 5-11 <Table 5.11> Conveyance system plan by phase ··············································5-14 <Table 5.12> Capacity of the planned facility··················································5-18 <Table 5.13> Water quality criteria ······························································5-20 <Table 5.14> Environmental standards for water quality in Indonesia ·····················5-20 <Table 5.15> Standards for drinking water quality ············································5-23 <Table 5.16> Hydraulic formula ·································································5-24 <Table 5.17> Comparison of velocity coefficient (C) ·········································5-25 <Table 5.18> Criteria for depth of cover ························································5-25 <Table 5.19> Design criteria for installation of valves········································5-27 <Table 5.20> Conveyance pipeline plan ························································5-29 <Table 5.21> Required head for WTP ···························································5-30 <Table 5.22> Hydraulic calculation for phase 1················································5-32 <Table 5.23> Hydraulic calculation for phase 2 (Case 1)·····································5-34 <Table 5.24> Hydraulic calculation for phase 2 (Case 2)·····································5-36 <Table 5.25> Residual head at the inlet of WTP ···············································5-38 <Table 5.26> Economical diameter by pipeline················································5-41 <Table 5.27> Pipe type comparison······························································5-43 <Table 5.28> Thickness review···································································5-48 <Table 5.29> Required number of block valves················································5-49 <Table 5.30> Installation location of branch and interconnecting valves ··················5-49 <Table 5.31> Comparison of block valves ······················································5-50 <Table 5.32> Required quantity of telescopic pipes···········································5-52 <Table 5.33> Diameter and required quantity of air valves ··································5-53 <Table 5.34> Applied diameter of double and rapid air valves ······························5-54 <Table 5.35> Comparison of air valves ·························································5-55 <Table 5.36> Diameter and required quantity of drain valve ································5-57 <Table 5.37> Comparison of drain valves ······················································5-58 <Table 5.38> Required quantity of flowmeter··················································5-59 <Table 5.39> Comparison of flowmeters ·······················································5-60 <Table 5.40> Diameter and required quantity of manholes and access holes··············5-62 <Table 5.41> Estimated NPSHreq of the main pump ·········································5-65 <Table 5.42> Estimated NPSHreq of the regulating pump ···································5-66 <Table 5.43> Estimated NPSHreq of the Rangkas Bitung system pump···················5-66 <Table 5.44> Input conditions for computational analysis of water hammer··············5-67 x

Contents <Table 5.45> Specifications of air chamber used in the computational analysis ··········5-68 <Table 5.46> Procedure of installing steel pipes ···············································5-77 <Table 5.47> Method of welding and required number of welding spots ··················5-78 <Table 5.48> Comparison of welding method ·················································5-79 <Table 5.49> Method of welded joint ···························································5-80 <Table 5.50> Standards for drying welding electrode·········································5-81 <Table 5.51> Appropriate size of butt welded joint ···········································5-82 <Table 5.52> Criteria for depth of cover ························································5-84 <Table 5.53> Minimum depth of cover and dangerous water level ·························5-85 <Table 5.54> Coordinates of crossing points ···················································5-86 <Table 5.55> pipe installation for railroad-crossing sections ································5-87 <Table 5.56> pipe installation for road-crossing sections ····································5-89 <Table 5.57> Comparison of jacking methods ·················································5-90 <Table 5.58> Comparison of manned propulsion techniques ································5-91 <Table 5.59> Comparison of machine propulsion methods ··································5-92 <Table 5.60> river crossing pipe installation ···················································5-94 <Table 5.61> Comparison of river-crossing methods ·········································5-97 <Table 5.62> Comparison of underwater excavation crossing techniques ·················5-98 <Table 5.63> Maintenance road plan ····························································5-99 <Table 5.64> Comparison of inner surface coating method································ 5-105 <Table 5.65> Comparison of outer surface coating method································ 5-106 <Table 5.66> Combination of inner/outer surface coating method························ 5-107 <Table 5.67> Comparison of cathodic protection methods································· 5-110 <Table 5.68> Required number of NDT object ·············································· 5-113 <Table 5.69> Nondestructive tests for steel pipe welded joints···························· 5-114 <Table 5.70> Comparison of NDTs ···························································· 5-116 <Table 5.71> Comparison of building area ··················································· 5-121 <Table 5.72> Building scheme of booster pumping station ································ 5-123 <Table 5.73> Building plan of security office ················································ 5-126 <Table 5.74> Considerations in selecting the foundation type····························· 5-128 <Table 5.75> Criteria for selecting foundation type ········································· 5-130 <Table 5.76> Specification of a structure to be examined ·································· 5-129 <Table 5.77> Selection of foundation type ··················································· 5-132 <Table 5.78> Raw water distribution plan by phase········································· 5-137 <Table 5.79> Pressurized flow rate plan by phase ··········································· 5-137 <Table 5.80> Selection of the booster pump·················································· 5-138 <Table 5.81> Flow rate and number of booster pump······································· 5-140 <Table 5.82> Required head by WTP ························································· 5-141 <Table 5.83> Pump head needed to convey water to water treatment plant ············· 5-142 xi

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 5.84> Reserve rate plan ································································· 5-142 <Table 5.85> Reserve rate of water supply projects (excluding regulating pumps) ···· 5-143 <Table 5.86> Application scope and use by pump type····································· 5-144 <Table 5.87> Pump types and features ························································ 5-145 <Table 5.88> Comparison of centrifugal pump types ······································· 5-146 <Table 5.89> Operation plan by pump ························································ 5-149 <Table 5.90> Comparison of discharge valve types ········································· 5-151 <Table 5.91> Water hammer safety device ··················································· 5-152 <Table 5.92> Air Chamber Capacity··························································· 5-153 <Table 5.93> Transient characteristics of compressed air depending on the initial air volume in the air chamber ························································ 5-154 <Table 5.94> Comparison of crane types ····················································· 5-156 <Table 5.95> List of main equipment·························································· 5-157 <Table 5.96> Supply scope of electric equipment ··········································· 5-160 <Table 5.97> Rated voltage in Indonesia ····················································· 5-163 <Table 5.98> voltage and capacity of transformer by phase ······························· 5-164 <Table 5.99> Power load of emergency generator··········································· 5-164 <Table 5.100> Capacity and number of emergency electric generator ··················· 5-165 <Table 5.101> Criteria of illumination intensity ············································· 5-165 <Table 5.102> Electric equipment list ························································· 5-166 <Table 5.103> scope of instrumentation/control equipment ······························· 5-168 <Table 5.104> Installation and operation of measurement equipment···················· 5-171 <Table 5.105> List of instrumentation and control equipment····························· 5-173 Chapter 6. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN <Table 6.1> Data reviewed for calculation of unit construction cost ························ 6-3 <Table 6.2> Surveyed unit price of steel pipe ··················································· 6-4 <Table 6.3> Surveyed unit price of valves ······················································· 6-5 <Table 6.4> Surveyed unit price of pumps······················································· 6-6 <Table 6.5> Surveyed unit price of level meters and flowmeters ···························· 6-6 <Table 6.6> Surveyed unit price by civil and architectural work classification ············ 6-7 <Table 6.7> Direct construction cost calculation ··············································· 6-8 <Table 6.8> Commissioning and training cost calculation (phase 1) ························ 6-9 <Table 6.9> Consulting fees estimation (phase 1) ·············································6-10 <Table 6.10> Manpower input for design and bidding preparation (phase 1) ·············6-12 <Table 6.11> Manpower input for construction supervision (phase 1) ·····················6-15 <Table 6.12> Average inflation rates during the project period······························6-17 <Table 6.13> Foreign exchange fluctuation rates ··············································6-18 <Table 6.14> Total contingency cost·····························································6-18 xii

Contents <Table 6.15> Standard for indirect cost estimation············································6-19 <Table 6.16> Land compensation and resettlement expenses estimation (phase 1) ······6-20 <Table 6.17> Total project cost (phase 1) ·······················································6-22 <Table 6.18> Financing plan ······································································6-23 <Table 6.19> Annual financing plan (phase 1) ·················································6-23 <Table 6.20> Annual investment plan (phase 1) ···············································6-24 <Table 6.21> Items in foreign and local currency for project cost estimation ·············6-25 <Table 6.22> Direct construction cost items in foreign and local currency (phase 1) ····6-26 <Table 6.23> Criteria for separation of foreign and local (Indonesian) materials·········6-27 <Table 6.24> Items produced in foreign country ··············································6-27 <Table 6.25> Procurement plan (phase 1) ······················································6-29 <Table 6.26> Risk factor analysis and countermeasures······································6-34 Chapter 7. PROJECT EXECUTION AGENCY AND IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM <Table 7.1> Multipurpose dams’ electricity supply plan ······································ 7-8 <Table 7.2> Project scope ·········································································7-18 <Table 7.3> Records of studies and plans for the KSCS project ····························7-19 <Table 7.4> Current state of the KSCS project implementation ·····························7-20 <Table 7.5> AMDAL ··············································································7-20 <Table 7.6> Required number of manpower for Karian - Serpong conveyance system (KSCS) ················································································7-28 <Table 7.7> Labor cost for operation and maintenance ·······································7-30 <Table 7.8> Electricity cost for operation and maintenance ·································7-31 <Table 7.9> Maintenance cost ····································································7-31 <Table 7.10> Other expenses for operation and maintenance································7-32 <Table 7.11> Raw water fees ·····································································7-32 <Table 7.12> Cost for operation and maintenance·············································7-33 <Table 7.13> Technology transfer plan··························································7-37 <Table 7.14> Training plan for commissioning ················································7-38 Chapter 8. REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY <Table 8.1> Applicable design criteria ··························································· 8-1 <Table 8.2> Demand outlook and allocation plan ·············································· 8-2 <Table 8.3> Changes in operating point depending on water levels (phase 1) ············· 8-7 <Table 8.4> Changes in operating point depending on water levels (in case of operation with pump head 32m) ································································ 8-7 <Table 8.5> Thickness of steel pipe (required by the KS D 3565) ··························· 8-9 <Table 8.6> Thickness of polyethylene coating (KS D 3607) ······························· 8-11 xiii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 8.7> Nondestructive testing procedure ·················································8-14 <Table 8.8> Factors for political feasibility analysis ··········································8-15 <Table 8.9> General status of PDAMs ··························································8-17 <Table 8.10> Records of studies and plans for the KSCS project ···························8-19 Chapter 9. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS <Table 9.1> Recommended discount rates······················································· 9-2 <Table 9.2> Applied exchange rate ······························································· 9-2 <Table 9.3> Comparison of economic feasibility analysis methods ························· 9-4 <Table 9.4> Investment cost estimate of the KSCS project ··································· 9-5 <Table 9.5> Investment cost estimate of the Serpong WTP + transmission line ··········· 9-5 <Table 9.6> Annual EDPF investment plan of the KSCS project (phase 1) ················ 9-6 <Table 9.7> Annual EDPF investment plan of the KSCS project (phase 2) ················ 9-6 <Table 9.8> Annual investment plan of the Serpong WTP + transmission line ············ 9-6 <Table 9.9> Total operation cost estimate························································ 9-7 <Table 9.10> Cost estimate for the distribution of benefits ··································· 9-8 <Table 9.11> PDAM’s supply prices ····························································· 9-9 <Table 9.12> Consumer prices by WTP·························································9-10 <Table 9.13> Water price system ·································································9-10 <Table 9.14> Annual plan for raw water supply ··············································· 9-11 <Table 9.15> Service population estimation···················································· 9-11 <Table 9.16> Benefits from the reduction in healthcare expenditure ·······················9-12 <Table 9.17> Time saving benefits from the smooth supply of water ······················9-13 <Table 9.18> Benefits from the reduction in infant mortality································9-14 <Table 9.19> Annual benefits estimation ·······················································9-15 <Table 9.20> Benefit/Cost analysis (KSCS)····················································9-17 <Table 9.21> B/C ratio by discount rate (KSCS) ··············································9-19 <Table 9.22> Sensitivity analysis by B/C change (KSCS) ···································9-19 <Table 9.23> Benefit/Cost analysis (KSCS + Serpong WTP) ·······························9-20 <Table 9.24> B/C ratio by discount rate (KSCS + Serpong WTP)··························9-21 <Table 9.25> Sensitivity analysis by B/C change (KSCS + Serpong WTP) ···············9-22 Chapter 10. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT <Table 10.1> Environmental impact assessments of ADB and Indonesia··················10-1 <Table 10.2> Indonesia’s environmental legislation ··········································10-3 <Table 10.3> International conventions on society and environment ratified/signed by the Indonesian government ·····························································10-4 <Table 10.4> Legislation on land acquisition in Indonesia···································10-5 <Table 10.5> EDCF Safeguard policy and requirement ···································· 10-10 xiv

Contents <Table 10.6> Composition of IFC Performance Standards································· 10-13 <Table 10.7> Requirement of the application of social and environmental safeguards according to the type of a project set forth in the OECD Common Approaches ························································································ 10-16 <Table 10.8> Current state of documents approved for AMDAL ························· 10-17 <Table 10.9> Current state of AMDAL ······················································· 10-20 <Table 10.10> Regulations on implementing AMDAL····································· 10-22 <Table 10.11> Current state of LARAP ······················································· 10-23 <Table 10.12> Affected area by phase 1 project (mainline) ································ 10-24 <Table 10.13> Types of land to be affected by phase 1 project (mainline)··············· 10-25 <Table 10.14> Households to be affected and area of influence (phase 1 mainline project) ························································································ 10-26 <Table 10.15> Number of households to be relocated in the main conveyance pipeline ························································································ 10-27 <Table 10.16> Basis of calculation of land acquisition price ······························ 10-28 <Table 10.17> Compensation table (phase 1 mainline project)···························· 10-29 <Table 10.18> Progress of public hearings (phase 1 mainline project) ··················· 10-30 <Table 10.19> Area of (social) Influence by phase 2 branch line project ················ 10-35 <Table 10.20> Area of Influence (phase 2 branch line project)···························· 10-36 <Table 10.21> Types of the affected land and number of the acquired land (phase 1) · 10-36 <Table 10.22> Area of influence by type of the affected land (phase 2) ················· 10-37 <Table 10.23> Number of the affected households (phase 2) ······························ 10-37 <Table 10.24> Number of households to be physically relocated in the branch line route (phase 2) ············································································ 10-38 <Table 10.25> Area of land to be acquired by type (phase 2)······························ 10-38 <Table 10.26> Types of (annual) plants in the affected region (phase 2)················· 10-39 <Table 10.27> Current state of land ownership (phase 2) ·································· 10-40 <Table 10.28> Basis of calculation of land acquisition price ······························ 10-40 <Table 10.29> Compensation table (phase 2) ················································ 10-41 <Table 10.30> Public participation and consultation ········································ 10-45 <Table 10.31> Application mutatis mutandis of environmental and social legislation in Indonesia ············································································ 10-46 <Table 10.32> Application mutatis mutandis of international safeguards················ 10-48 <Table 10.33> International safeguards applied to the LARAP for this project (reflected in this feasibility study) ······························································ 10-50 <Table 10.34> International safeguards that need to be applied when submitting an AMDAL report····································································· 10-50 <Table 10.35> International safeguards that need to be reviewed for possible application when submitting an AMDAL report ············································ 10-50 xv

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 10.36> Current state of KSCS land acquisition and LARAP’s compliance with IFC PS compliance (Gap analysis) ··················································· 10-52 Chapter 11. CONCLUSION <Table 11.1> Raw water allocation plan by phase ············································· 11-2 <Table 11.2> Raw water allocation plan by WTP ············································· 11-3 <Table 11.3> Facility outline······································································ 11-4 <Table 11.4> Changes in operating point depending on water levels······················· 11-7 <Table 11.5> Factors for political feasibility analysis········································· 11-9 <Table 11.6> Result of economic analysis ···················································· 11-10 <Table 11.7> Sensitivity analysis by B/C change············································ 11-10 xvi

Contents - LIST OF FIGURES - Chapter 1. OVERVIEW <Figure 1.1> Location map of the project area·················································· 1-4 <Figure 1.2> Regional scope of the project······················································ 1-4 <Figure 1.3> Raw water allocation plan by project phase ····································· 1-8 <Figure 1.4> Project implementation schedule (phase 1)····································· 1-11 Chapter 2. GENERAL STATUS <Figure 2.1> The location map of project area·················································· 2-1 <Figure 2.2> The status map of project area····················································· 2-2 <Figure 2.3> The terrain map of Java island ···················································· 2-3 <Figure 2.4> Monthly average temperature and precipitation (Serang observatory) ······ 2-8 <Figure 2.5> Average temperature and precipitation (Budiarto observatory) ·············· 2-9 <Figure 2.6> The number of natural disasters occurrence (1815-2012) and casualties by disaster type ··········································································2-10 <Figure 2.7> Natural disasters by year ··························································2-10 <Figure 2.8> MP3EI’s status······································································2-28 <Figure 2.9> MP3EI’s levels······································································2-28 <Figure 2.10> Indonesia’s mid-to-long-term water supply plan·····························2-35 Chapter 3. SITE INVESTIGATION <Figure 3.1> Location map of field investigation ·············································· 3-3 <Figure 3.2> Location map ·······································································3-10 <Figure 3.3> Longitudinal section of water conveyance ·····································3-10 <Figure 3.4> The current geology of the surveyed area ······································ 3-11 <Figure 3.5> Location map of water quality investigation ···································3-16 <Figure 3.6> Picture of water quality investigation ···········································3-19 Chapter 4. RELATED FACILITIES AND PLANS <Figure 4.1> Current status of operation of Serpong WTP···································· 4-4 <Figure 4.2> Current status of operation of Cikokol WTP ···································· 4-4 <Figure 4.3> Parung Panjang water treatment plant············································ 4-6 <Figure 4.4> Concept map of Karian Dam construction project ····························· 4-9 <Figure 4.5> Layout plan of Karian Dam······················································· 4-11 <Figure 4.6> Aerial view and cross section of Karian Dam·································· 4-11 <Figure 4.7> General drawing of intake tower ·················································4-13 <Figure 4.8> Longitudinal layout of the conveyance tunnel ·································4-16 xvii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Figure 4.9> Water treatment process ···························································4-20 <Figure 4.10> Layout plan of the Serpong WTP ··············································4-20 <Figure 4.11> Layout plan of the Solear WTP ·················································4-21 <Figure 4.12> Layout plan of the Rangkasbitung WTP ······································4-22 <Figure 4.13> Layout plan of the Parunggg Panjang WTP ··································4-22 Chapter 5. CONVEYANCE SYSTEM PLANNING <Figure 5.1> Project area location map ·························································· 5-1 <Figure 5.2> Raw water allocation plan by project phase ····································· 5-5 <Figure 5.3> Pump station layout plan ··························································5-12 <Figure 5.4> Previously planned layout of pump station (2015 report) ····················5-13 <Figure 5.5> Previously planned incoming and discharging pipelines of pump station (2015 report)··········································································5-13 <Figure 5.6> Conveyance system plan by phase···············································5-15 <Figure 5.7> Installation location of measuring instruments and operation control······5-18 <Figure 5.8> Standard cross-section of pipeline construction ·······························5-26 <Figure 5.9> Planned route of the conveyance pipeline ······································5-28 <Figure 5.10> Water supply hydraulic system diagram·······································5-31 <Figure 5.11> Hydraulic gradient for phase 1··················································5-33 <Figure 5.12> Hydraulic gradient for phase 2 (Case 1)·······································5-35 <Figure 5.13> Hydraulic gradient for phase 2 (Case 2)·······································5-37 <Figure 5.14> Water supply plan by phase ·····················································5-40 <Figure 5.15> Economical diameter depending on pressurization method ················5-41 <Figure 5.16> Installation example of block valves and valve station ·····················5-51 <Figure 5.17> Types of telescopic pipes installed in steel pipes for water works·········5-52 <Figure 5.18> Installation example of rapid and double air valves ·························5-56 <Figure 5.19> Installation example of drain valve ············································5-59 <Figure 5.20> Installation example of flowmeter and flowmeter station ··················5-61 <Figure 5.21> Installation example of manhole and access hole ····························5-62 <Figure 5.22> Impeller damaged by cavitation ················································5-63 <Figure 5.23> Installation conditions of pump suction ·······································5-64 <Figure 5.24> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, without a protection device, Karian-Serpong route ·······························································5-69 <Figure 5.25> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, protection device, Karian-Serpong route ······························································5-69 <Figure 5.26> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, no protection device, Karian-Serpong route ·······························································5-70 <Figure 5.27> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, protection device, Karian-Serpong route ·······························································5-70 xviii

Contents <Figure 5.28> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, no protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ······················································5-71 <Figure 5.29> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ······················································5-71 <Figure 5.30> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, no protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ····················································5-72 <Figure 5.31> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ····················································5-72 <Figure 5.32> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, no protection device, Karian-Serpong route ······························································5-73 <Figure 5.33> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, protection device, Karian-Serpong route ······························································5-73 <Figure 5.34> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, no protection device, Karian-Serpong route ······························································5-74 <Figure 5.35> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, protection device, Karian-Serpong route ······························································5-74 <Figure 5.36> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, no protection device, Karian- Rangkas Bitung route····················································5-75 <Figure 5.37> Water hammer analysis: H.W.L. (+)67.5, protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ····················································5-75 <Figure 5.38> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, no protection device, Karian- Rangkas Bitung route····················································5-76 <Figure 5.39> Water hammer analysis: L.W.L. (+)46.0, protection device, Karian-Rangkas Bitung route ······················································5-76 <Figure 5.40> Butt welded joint··································································5-81 <Figure 5.41> Lap welded joint ··································································5-82 <Figure 5.42> quadrisection symmetric welding process ····································5-82 <Figure 5.43> Standard cross-sectional drawing for pipeline installation ·················5-84 <Figure 5.44> Detail drawing of pipe protection ··············································5-85 <Figure 5.45> Location map of field investigation ············································5-87 <Figure 5.46> Railroad-crossing 1 - Tigaraka Station crossing point·······················5-88 <Figure 5.47> Railroad crossing 2 - 3km away from Parung Panjang toward Cicayur Station ·················································································5-88 <Figure 5.48> Road crossing 1 - JI. Raya Parung Panjang ···································5-89 <Figure 5.49> Road crossing 2 - JI. Raya Cisauk-Legok·····································5-90 <Figure 5.50> Conceptual diagram of railroad-crossing propulsion method ··············5-93 <Figure 5.51> Conceptual diagram of road-crossing propulsion method ··················5-93 <Figure 5.52> river-crossing point - Ciuyah River ············································5-94 <Figure 5.53> river-crossing point - Cidurian River ··········································5-94 xix

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Figure 5.54> river-crossing point - Cisadane River··········································5-95 <Figure 5.55> Conceptual drawing of the river-crossing method ···························5-98 <Figure 5.56> Cross-sectional diagram of maintenance road ································5-99 <Figure 5.57> Connecting the conveyance tunnel and pipeline ··························· 5-100 <Figure 5.58> Corroded steel pipe ····························································· 5-102 <Figure 5.59> Types of corrosion ······························································ 5-102 <Figure 5.60> Potential difference, a cause of corrosion ··································· 5-103 <Figure 5.61> Anti-corrosion method ························································· 5-104 <Figure 5.62> Conceptual drawing of impressed current cathodic protection ·········· 5-109 <Figure 5.63> Conceptual diagram of sacrificial anode cathodic protection ············ 5-110 <Figure 5.64> conceptual map of Polarized Electric Drainage Method ·················· 5-111 <Figure 5.65> Conceptual drawing of hydraulic pressure test ····························· 5-112 <Figure 5.66> Building layout plan···························································· 5-120 <Figure 5.67> Building layout plan (2015 PPP report)) ···································· 5-120 <Figure 5.68> Floor plan of booster pumping station······································· 5-124 <Figure 5.69> Elevation plan of booster pumping station·································· 5-125 <Figure 5.70> Cross section plan of booster pumping station ····························· 5-126 <Figure 5.71> Floor plan of security office··················································· 5-127 <Figure 5.72> Elevation plan of security office·············································· 5-127 <Figure 5.73> Cross-section plan of security office········································· 5-127 <Figure 5.74> Flow chart of selecting foundation type ····································· 5-129 <Figure 5.75> Boring log of the booster pumping station site ····························· 5-131 <Figure 5.76> Indonesia’s seismic zoning and acceleration coefficient ·················· 5-134 <Figure 5.77> Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration Coefficient with 7 Percent Probability of Exceedance in 75 Years························································ 5-135 <Figure 5.78> Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration Coefficient at Period of 0.2 Seconds (Ss) with 7 Percent Probability of Exceedance in 75 Years ················· 5-135 <Figure 5.79> raw water supply system diagram ············································ 5-136 <Figure 5.80> Pumping station layout plan (2014 PPP report) ···························· 5-138 <Figure 5.81> combined operating line of pump (2014 PPP report)······················ 5-139 <Figure 5.82> Head of the booster pump ····················································· 5-141 <Figure 5.83> Efficiency curve by pump type ··············································· 5-144 <Figure 5.84> Booster pump layout ··························································· 5-148 <Figure 5.85> Cross section of an installed booster pump ································· 5-148 <Figure 5.86> Water level control of air chamber ··········································· 5-154 <Figure 5.87> Air Chamber and its attached devices ······································· 5-155 <Figure 5.88> Current state of distribution lines············································· 5-160 <Figure 5.89> Consultation on ways to supply power ······································ 5-161 <Figure 5.90> Substation capable of power supply ········································· 5-161 xx

Contents <Figure 5.91> Power lead-in system··························································· 5-162 <Figure 5.92> Power substation dingle line diagram········································ 5-167 <Figure 5.93> Power lead-in system··························································· 5-169 <Figure 5.94> functions of monitoring and control equipment ···························· 5-170 <Figure 5.95> Installation location and operation of measurement equipment ········· 5-172 <Figure 5.96> Configuration diagram of the monitoring and control system ··········· 5-174 Chapter 6. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN <Figure 6.1> Composition of total project cost ················································· 6-1 <Figure 6.2> Commissioning test period························································· 6-8 <Figure 6.3> M/M input plan in foreign currency for the design and bidding preparation stage ···················································································6-13 <Figure 6.4> M/M input plan in local currency for the design and bidding preparation·6-14 <Figure 6.5> M/M input plan in foreign currency for the construction supervision······6-16 <Figure 6.6> M/M input plan in local currency for the construction supervision·········6-16 <Figure 6.7> Project implementation schedule (Phase 1) ····································6-33 Chapter 7. PROJECT EXECUTION AGENCY AND IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM <Figure 7.1> Organizational chart of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PU)······· 7-1 <Figure 7.2> Organizational chart of Directorate General of Water Resources (SDA) ··· 7-2 <Figure 7.3> Organizational chart of PUSATAB ··············································· 7-3 <Figure 7.4> Organizational chart of BBWS C3················································ 7-4 <Figure 7.5> Karian dam project overview······················································ 7-5 <Figure 7.6> Ground plan of Karian dam project··············································· 7-5 <Figure 7.7> Map of watershed of the Karian damn ··········································· 7-6 <Figure 7.8> Overview of the Sindang Heula dam project···································· 7-7 <Figure 7.9> Location map of the Sindang Heula dam ········································ 7-7 <Figure 7.10> Location map of PEA dam projects ············································· 7-8 <Figure 7.11> Domestic water supply plan by PEA project··································· 7-9 <Figure 7.12> How the two rounds of AMDAL were conducted ···························7-21 <Figure 7.13> Current state of AMDALs on changed routes (2009~2012)················7-21 <Figure 7.14> Organization structure for project implementation ··························7-26 <Figure 7.15> KSCS operation/maintenance organizational chart ··························7-29 <Figure 7.16> Technology transfer plan ························································7-36 Chapter 8. REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY <Figure 8.1> High and low head separated hydraulic system································· 8-3 <Figure 8.2> Single hydraulic system with dual conveyance pipeline ······················ 8-5 xxi

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Figure 8.3> Water levels and elevation of the pumping station ····························· 8-6 <Figure 8.4> Efficiency curve and operating line of the booster pump ····················· 8-7 <Figure 8.5> Automatic welding process ·······················································8-13 <Figure 8.6> Defects detected by NDT ·························································8-15 Chapter 9. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS Chapter 10. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT <Figure 10.1> Screening and approval procedure for an environmental project in Indonesia ·························································································· 10-2 <Figure 10.2> Procedure for land acquisition pursuant to Law No. 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Project Activity for Public Interest)····························10-8 <Figure 10.3> Implementation of land acquisition pursuant to Law No. 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Project Activity for Public Interest·····························10-9 <Figure 10.4> History of AMDAL····························································· 10-20 <Figure 10.5> Current state of AMDALs on changed route (2009~2012)··············· 10-21 <Figure 10.6> Area of project analysis ························································ 10-23 <Figure 10.7> Minutes of the first round of public hearing (phase 1 project) ··········· 10-32 <Figure 10.8> Minutes of the second round of public hearing (phase 1 project) ······· 10-33 <Figure 10.9> Minutes of the third round of public hearing (phase 1 project) ·········· 10-34 Chapter 11. CONCLUSION <Figure 11.1> Single hydraulic system with dual conveyance pipeline ···················· 11-4 <Figure 11.2> Efficiency curve and operating line of the booster pump ··················· 11-5 xxii

Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations 3-LPE Three (3) Layer polyethylene coating AC Alternating Current ACI American Concrete Institute ADB Asian Development Bank AIA American Institute of Architects AMDAL Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA, Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan) ANDAL Environmental Impact Statement (Analisa Dampak Lingkungan) ANSI American National Standards Institute AOI Area of Influence APBD Regional Income and Expenditure Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah) APBN Central government Income and Expenditure Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara) APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APHA American Public Health Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASHAE American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society of Testing Materials AWWA American Water Works Association B.F.V. Butterfly Valve B/C, BCR Benefit Cost Ratio BAPPENAS Ministry of National Development Planning BBWS C3 Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyian BBWS Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai BNBP National Disaster Management Authority BOD Biochemical oxygen demand (5 days at 20ºC) BOP Bottom of Pipe BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Build Operate Transfer BPKP Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan) BPN National Land Agency BPPSPAM Development Support Agency for Water Supply System (Badan Pendukung Penyediaan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum) xxiii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia BPS Central Bureau Statistics (Biro Pusat Statistik) BS British Standards BTA Border Trade Agreement BUMD State-Owned Companies (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah) BUMN State-Owned Companies (Badan Usaha Milik Negara) BWC Boring Hole of Water Conveyance BWS Balai Besar Sungai CAD Computer Aided Design CB Competitive Bidding CCRD Central Core Rockfill Dam CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CMS Cubic Meters per Second COD Chemical oxygen demand COP Build Operate Transfer CRB Commodity Research Bureau CS Conveyance Pipeline CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CU Consolidated Undrained Shear Test DAC Development Assistance Committee DAK Special Allocation Fund DC Direct Current DCIP Ductile Cast Iron Pipe DGHS Directorate General of Human Settlements DGWR Directorate General of Water Resources DKI Special Capital Region (Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota) DO Dissolved oxygen DPD Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah) DPR People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) DRPLN-JM Indonesian Government Plan for Mid-Term External Loans EDCF Economic Development Cooperation Fund EDPF Economic Development Promotion Facility EHG Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment El. Elevation EMP Environmental Management Plan EMPA Environmental Protection and Management Act EN European Standards EOI Expression Of Interest EP Environmental Permit xxiv

Contents EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESOS Economic Statistics of The Bank of Korea EXIM Export-Import (bank) F.B.E. Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating F.W.L. Flood Water Level F/C Foreign Currency F/S Feasibility Study FCR Full Cost Recovery G-20 Group of 20 countries G.L. Ground Level GDP Gross Domestic Product GIIP Good International Industry Practice GIP Grouting In Pipe GM Grievance Mechanisms GOI Government of Indonesia GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product GRP Glassfiber Reinforce Plastics GSA Grain Size Analysis H.W.L. High Water Level H1N1 Influenza A virus subtype IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICB International Competitive Bidding ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection ICT Information and Communications Technology IDHS Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey IDR Indonesian Rupiah IEC International Electro-technical Commission IEE Initial Environmental Examination IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers IFC International Finance Corporation IHR International Health Regulations IKK Core Area of a Sub-District (Ibu Kota Kecamatan) IMF International Monetary Fund IP Intermediate Point IRR Internal Rate of Return ISA Instrument Society of America ISO International Organization for Standardization ITB Invitation To Bid JABOTABEK Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi xxv

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JWWA Japan Water Works Association KA-ANDAL TOR for ANDAL preparation KDI Korea Development Institute KEXIM Korean Export Import Bank KOICA Korea International Cooperation Agency KOTRA Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency KRW Korean Won KS Korea Industrial Standard KSCS Karian-Serpong Conveyance System KWWA Korean Water Works Association L.W.L Low Water Level L/A Loan Agreement L/C Local Currency LARAP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan LCB Limited competitive bidding LCP Local Control Panel LSK Competence Certification M.W.L. Medium Water Level M/M Man Month M/P Master Plan MDB Multilateral Development Bank MDGs Millennium Development Goals MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MF Mezzanine Floor MP3EI Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development MPR People’s Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat) MT Magnetic Particles Test N/A Not Applicable N/P Number of Person NC Normal Close NCB National Competitive Bidding ND Not Dectable NDT Non-Destructive Testing NEC National Electrical Code (U.S.A.) NEMA National Electrical Manufactures Association NFPA National Fire Protection Association NGO Non-Governmental Organization xxvi

Contents NJOP Selling Value of Tax Object NO Normal Open NPSHav AvailableAvailable Net Positive Suction Head NPSHre Required Available Net Positive Suction Head NPV Net Present Value NRW Non-Revenue Water NTS Non-Technical Summary NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units O&M Operations and Maintenance O/H Overhead ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OP/BP Operational Policy / Bank Procedure OTD Land Owner PAUT Phased array ultrasonic test PC Personal Computer PC Pre-tensioned spun Concrete PD Presidential Decree PDAM Regional Drinking Water utility company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) PE polyethylene PEA Project Execution Agency PERPAMSI Indonesian Water Supply Association (Persatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh Indonesia) PHC Pre-tensioned spun High strength Concrete PIMAC Public and Private Infrastructure Investment Management Center of KDI PIU Project Implementation Unit PK Pasir Kopo (dam) PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLN National Electricity Enterprise (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) POLA Indonesian government’s water resources supply plan PPP Public-Private Partnership PQ Pre-Qaulification PR Presidential Regulation PRV Pressure Reducing Valve PS Performance Standards PS Pumping Station PT Limited Liability Company (Perseroan Trbatas) PU Ministry of Public Works and Housing PUSATAB Center of Ground Water and Raw Water xxvii

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia RC Reinforced Concrete REPETA Short-Term National Economic Development Strategy RFP Request For Proposal RKL Environmental Management Plan (EMP) RO Reverse Osmosis RP Resettlement Plan RPJMN Mid-Term National Economic Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional) RPJPN Long-Term National Economic Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional) RPL Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) RT Radiography Test S/S Sub-Station SACP Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection SAW Submerged Arc Welding SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SDA Directorate General of Water Resources SIPA Water Extraction Permit (Surat Ijin Pengambilan Air) SKKLH Decree on Environmental Feasibility SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMS Short Message Service SNI Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia) SOE State-Owned Enterprise SOP Standard Operating Procedures SP Safeguard Policy SP Steel Pipe SPAM Water Supply System (Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum) SPPL Environmental Management Policy (Surat Pernyataan Pengelolaan Lingkungan) SPT Standard Penetration Test TB Ciuyah Tunnel Boring Hole TBD To Be Determined TCU True Color Unit TDS Total Dissolved Solids TF Task Force TM/TC Tele-Metering /Tele-Control TOR Terms of Reference TPS Torque Propelling Semi Shield Boring TSS Total Suspended Solids xxviii

Contents U.S.(A.) United States (of America) UKL Environmental Management Measure UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UPL Environmental Monitoring Measure UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply USD United States dollar UT Ultrasonic Test UU Unconsolidated Undrained Shear Test VAT Value-Added Tax W.L. Water Level W/C Water-Cement ratio WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WTP Water Treatment Plant xxix

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia Unit B Billion m Meter CMD Cubic Meter per Day m Month CMH Cubic Meter per Hour M Million CMS Cubic Meter per Second min Minute MCM Million Cubic Metre ℃ Celsius degree mg Milli Gram MGD Million Gallon per Day d Day ml Milli Litre ea Each MLD Million Liters per day g Gram MPN Most Probable Number GPH Gallon Per Hour MVA Mega Volt Amphere GWh Giga Watt Hour MW Mega Watt h Hour MWh Mega Watt Hour ha Hectare mm Milli Metre HP Horse Power m3 Cubic Meter K Kilo or Thousand No. Number kg Kilo Gram Nos. Numbers km Kilo Meter S Second kPa Kilo Pascal sec Second kV Kilo Volt sq Square kVA Kilo Volt Ampere sq.m Square Meter kW Kilo Watt V Volt kWh Kilo Watt Hour W Watt l Liter y Year lpcd Liter per capita per day lps :liter per second LS Lump Sum Lx Lux xxx

Summary Report SUMMARY REPORT 1.0 Project overview 1.1 Project background Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Works and Housing has laid out a plan, where it sets the goal of attaining 100 percent of water supply, 0 percent of slum areas, and 100 percent of hygiene facility access. Under the 100-0-100 Plan, the ministry plans to achieve the 100 percent target of water supply by 2019. Especially, our service area, the JABOTABEK region (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi) has seen an exponential growth in demand for water due to a rapid industrialization and urbanization. The ministry has pushed forward with plans to construct the Karian dam in Rangkas Bitung, the Ciwujung and Cidurian region to secure water resource, as well as to build a water treatment plant in Serpong to supply water to the project area. Financed by South Korea’s EDCF, the construction of the Karian dam is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2019. The conveyance system, initially planned to be implemented under PPP along with the water treatment plant and transmission/distribution pipeline, was however excluded from the PPP due to the inadequate feasibility. With the Karian dam expected to be filled with water by the end of 2020, the Indonesian government asked the South Korean government for an urgent financing, which has led to this feasibility analysis for the project to be financed by the EDPF. 1.2 Project development details and main schedule Details of how the Karian – Serpong Conveyance System construction project has so far developed are as follows. ● 1985: Feasibility study on the construction of the Karian multi-purpose dam – JICA ● 1989: Cisadane-Cimanuk Comprehensive water resource development plan – WB / SDA Mid-to-long-term water supply plan in the Jabotabek region ● 1993-1995: Study on Ciujung-Cidurian water resources management – JICA Development plan of four dams (including the Karian dam) and the Karian – Serpong conveyance system ● 2004-2006: Feasibility study and working design of the Karian dam construction – KOICA Feasibility study of the financing program for the Karian dam and water supply 1

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia ● 2008: Feasibility study on the validity of water supply system using PPP fund – KEXIM Feasibility study of the construction of the Karian dam and the follow-up waterworks projects ● 2011: The Korean and Indonesian governments singed a loan agreement for the construction of the Karian dam ● 2011: Master plan and feasibility study for the Karian–Serpong conveyance system – KOICA Including a detailed plan for a PPP funded water supply facility ● 2015: Master plan and PPP basic scheme for the Karian–Serpong conveyance system and water treatment plant - KEXIM Basic design and PPP investment plan for the construction of the conveyance pipeline, water treatment plant, transmission/distribution pipeline ● 2018: Feasibility study of the Karian – Serpong conveyance construction project – KEXIM Feasibility study on the validity of an EDPF-funded project 1.3 Project objective The objective of this project is to construct the conveyance system that will provide a stable supply of raw water to the Serpong WTP, which is to produce water to its service areas including West Jakarta, Tangerang city, and South Tangerang city. Along with the main conveyance pipelines, four branch pipelines that will be connected to four water treatment plants are to be installed during the 2nd phase. The four branch pipelines are to be connected to the Rankas Bitung WTP (service to Lebak regency), Maja WTP (service to Lebak regency), Solear WTP (service to Tangerang regency), and Parung Panjang WTP (service to Bogor regency), respectively. 2

Summary Report 1.4 Project scope (1) Regional scope of the project The Karian-Serpong Conveyance System, or KSCS, is a project which plans to build the main pipelines (1st phase) to convey raw water from the Karian dam to the Serpong WTP as well as to install four branch pipelines (2nd phase) to provide raw water to four other WTPs (Rankas Bitung, Maja, Solear, and Parung Panjang). The main conveyance pipelines extend from Lebak and Tangerang regencies. Branch pipelines connected to the Rangkas Bitung and Maja WTPs are in Lebak regency, a branch pipeline connected to the Solear WTP is located in Tangerang regency, and a branch connected to the Parung Panjang WTP spans across Tangerang and (Parung Panjang district) Bogor regencies. The regional scope of the project area is as shown in <Figure 1>. <Figure 1> Regional scope of the project Serang Tangerang Tangerang Lebak City West Jakarta West Tangerang City Bogor (2) Contextual scope of the project To provide water resource obtained from the Karian dam to the water treatment plant, facilities such as intake tower, conveyance tunnel, conveyance pipelines, and pump facility need to be installed. According to the SDA’s plan, however, intake tower and conveyance tunnel are excluded from this project scope. The contextual scope of this project is as described in <Table 1>. 3

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 1> Contextual scope of the project Item Specification and dimensions Remarks Intake Self-standing: design intake water quantity 12.4m3/sec Excluded tower External diameter D9,600mm (internal diameter D6,000mm) from the x height 30.1m project scope Conveyance Concrete tunnel: discharge capacity 12.4m3/sec tunnel Internal diameter D4,000mm x length 1,329m Booster Booster pump pumping - Booster pump 1.0m3/sec.unit station x phase 1: 7 units, phase 2: 6 units - Regulating pump 0.5m3/sec.unit x phase 1: 2 units, phase 2: 2 units - Rangkas Bitung pump 0.40m3/sec.unit x 2 units 9 (phase 2) Electric power lead-in equipment, power substation Integrated monitoring and control system Main Route length L=47.9km conveyance - Phase 1 steel pipe D2,000mm, L=47.9km - Phase 2 steel pipe D2,000mm, L=36.0km pipeline D1,800mm, L=11.9km Route length L=19.31km Phase 2 Branch - Steel pipe D1,350mm, L=4.75km (Solear branch) conveyance - Steel pipe D600mm, L=8.56km (Rangkas Bitung branch) pipeline - Steel pipe D600mm, L=4.80km (Parung Panjang branch) - Steel pipe D350mm, L=1.20km (Maja branch) 4

Summary Report 1.5 Task scope The contextual scope and main tasks of this project are summarized as follows: ① Summary of the project overview ② Investigation of the current status and review of the existing materials –review of the existing accomplishments ③ Project implementation agencies and implementation system - Ground Water and Raw Water Center (PUSATAB), Directorate General of Water Resources (SDA), under the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Project implementation organization, operation and maintenance organization ④ Basic direction for the project implementation – conveyance system, pumping station, criteria for the quality of the steel pipe, field welding and installation method, testing, and anti-corrosion of the steel pipe ⑤ Project cost estimation – construction costs, consulting fees, training and commissioning costs, land purchase and indirect costs ⑥ Feasibility analysis ⑦ Economic and financial feasibility analysis – impact on the financial feasibility of the PPP-funded WTP project ⑧ Environmental and social impact assessment - Gap analysis between the international standards and the Indonesian standards (LARAP) - AMDAL is exclude from the analysis in this feasibility study since obtaining its validity is delayed. ⑨ Other surveyed items for project implementation – need for materials produced in foreign countries and consulting service by international engineers 5

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 2.0 Raw water allocation pan 2.1 Water supply demand and raw water allocation plan In the service area of raw water of Karian dam, the water demand analysis in the project area indicates the demand for water is much higher than the supply in most of the regions. Demand outlook by region and the Indonesian government’s plan on the supply of water resources (POLA) are taken into account to devise a water allocation plan as shown in <Table 2>. <Table 2> Water resources distribution plan for Karian Dam Region Service area Water demand Water Planned WTP (m3/s) distribution (m3/s) Total 52.80 100.0% 17.9 100.0% Subtotal 32.40 61.4% 13.5 75.4% Tangerang regency 10.72 3.6 Solear WTP South Tangerang 6.31 1.8 city 9.47 Serpong WTP 1.16 Banten Tangerang city 2.0 province Lebak regency Rankas Bitung WTP, 0.6 Maja WTP Serang regency 2.73 0.7 Serang city 1.14 Outside the project area Cilegon city 0.87 0.3 (Petir WTP) 0.5 Ciujungan River - 4.0 Stream maintenance water West Java Bogor regency 0.36 0.7% 0.2 1.1% Parung Panjang WTP (Parung Panjang) West Jakarta West Jakarta 20.04 37.9% 4.2 23.5% Serpong WTP Source: Data from BBWS C3 6

Summary Report 2.2 Water supply service coverage status Water treatment plants are mostly run by PDAMs and private service providers. The current status of water supply service across Banten and West Jakarta is as shown in <Table 3>. <Table 3> Current status of water supply service in Banten and West Jakarta Population Service ratio (%) No. Region Population PDAM Private Sum Remark (2013) company 1 Tangerang regency 3,157,780 19.0% 2.8% 21.8% Private service provider is BSD. Lippo and AAT residential areas included. 2 South Tangerang city 1,443,403 10.0% 8.3% 18.3% Private service provider is BSD. Bintaro Jaya is included. Private service provider is PT Bintang 3 Tangerang city 1,952,396 32.6% 0.2% 32.8% Hetien. PT. Moya is not factored in. 4 West Jakarta 4,326,032 - 63.5% 63.5% PALYJA is a service provider. Parungg Panjang PDAM Tirta Kahuripan 5 district 105,955 29.0% - 29.0% (Bogor regency) Private companies include PT SCTK 6 Serang regency 1,450,894 17.1% 5.5% 22.6% and PT Sauh Bahtera PT Tirta Serang Madani not factored 7 Serang city 611,897 5.4% - 5.4% in. PT Bangun Tirta Lebak not factored 8 Lebak regency 1,247,906 8.4% - 8.4% in. 9 Cilegon city 349,569 17.1% 4.2% 21.3% PT KTI is the main service provider. Banten province + 20.8% 33.53% 14,645,832 12.7% West Jakarta (PALYJA) Banten province 3.0% 21.0% 10,319,800 18.0% (excluding West Jakarta) Source: 1. Basic design and PPP basic plan report on the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 7