Flipp Book Class-8 new1

“hole” in the continuity of the data. Some smaller files can help fill that empty space, but the chances that the hole will be exactly filled are slim. Therefore, as time goes on, your hard disk will become full of empty space with files scattered throughout your drive, which is called fragmentation and can cause considerable slowdown to your computer. Consider the following diagram. It represents a hard disk and all of its information: Fragmented Information De-fragmented Information Disk Defragment rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently. Disk Defragment runs on a schedule, but you can also analyze and defragment your disks and drives manually. To do this, follow these steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right-click the hard disk that you want to check, and then click Proper- ties. Step-2 : Click on 'Tools' menu. Step-3 : Click 'Optimize' option. Step-4 : To determine if the disk needs to be defragment- ed or not, click Analyze disk. If you are prompt- ed for an administrator password or confirma- tion, type the password or provide confirmation. (Once Windows is fin- Smart Computer Science Book-8 45

ished analyzing the disk, you can check the percentage of frag- mentation on the disk in the Last Run column. If the number is above 10%, you should defragment the disk.) Step-5 : Click Defragment disk. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirma- tion. (Disk Defragmenter might take from several minutes to a few hours to finish, depending on the size and degree of fragmentation of your hard disk. You can still use your computer during the defrag- mentation process.) TIPS & Tricks • If the disk is already in exclusive use by another program, or if the disk is formatted us- ing a file system other than NTFS (New Technology File System) file system, FAT (File Allocation Table), or FAT32, it can't be defragment. • Network locations can't be defragment. • If a disk that you're expecting to see under Current status is not showing up there, it might get an error. You should try to repair the disk first, then return to Disk Defragment to try again. Check your hard disk for errors for more information. Back up your files and Restore from Backup To help Ensure that you don't lose your files, you should back them up regu- larly. You can set up automatic backups or manually back up your files at any time. Step-1 : Click the 'Start' button. Step-2 : Click on 'Settings' option. Step-3 : Clcik 'Update and Security' option. Step-4 : Clcik the 'Backup' option. Step-5 : Select 'Backup and Restore (Win- dows 7) . Step-6 : Click the 'Set up Backup' option. 46 More on Operating System

You get the 'Setup backup' dialog box. Step-7 : Select the destination. Here it is selected UDISK dirve. and Click 'Next' button. Step-8 : Select 'Let Windows Choose (Recomended) option then click 'Next' Step-9 : Click 'Save Settings and run backup' option. To Restore Files Step-1 : Click the 'Start' but- ton. Step-2 : Click on 'Settings' option. Step-3 : Clcik 'Update and Security' option. Step-4 : Clcik the 'Backup' option. Step-5 : Click 'More option' Step-6 : Clcik the 'Restore files from a current backup' option. Step-7 : Find and select your document and click the 'Restore' icon. Trick & TIPS • We recommend that you don't back up your files to the same hard disk that Win- dows is installed on. • Always store media used for backups (external hard disks, DVDs, or CDs) in a secure place to prevent unauthorized people from having access to your files; we recommend a fireproof location separate from your computer. You might also consider encrypting the data on your backup. Smart Computer Science Book-8 47

Program and Feature You can uninstall a program from your computer if you no longer use it or if you want to free up space on your hard disk. You can use Programs and Fea- tures to uninstall programs or to change a program's configuration by adding or removing certain options. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Type 'Control Panel' in Search box and click the Control Panel Step-2 : Click the ''Programs' option icon. Step-3 : Click the ''Programs and Features' option icon. Step-4 : select a program, and then click Uninstall. Trick & TIPS • If your program is running, it won't allow to uninstall. So, you must close it before start to uninstall. 48 More on Operating System

Install or delete fonts 49 Font is an appearance of text which you type in the computer. Windows comes with a variety of fonts already installed. If you want to install additional fonts, you must first download them. You can down- load fonts from a software program, Inter- net, or your organization's network. Steps to Follow: To install a font Step-1 : Right-click the font you want to install and click Install. or You can also install a font by dragging it into the Fonts Control Panel page. To delete a font step-1 : Open Control panel. Step-2 : Click the 'appear- ance and Person- alization' option Step-3 : Click the 'Font' folder icon. You get the font dialog box. Step-4 : Click the font you want to delete. Step-5 : On the Tool bar, click Delete. Or Right mouse click, and click 'Delete' option from the context menu. Smart Computer Science Book-8

USER ACCOUNT A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows which files and folders you can access to what changes you can make to the computer, and your personal preferences, such as your desktop background or screen saver. User accounts let you share a computer with several people, while having your own files and settings. Each person accesses his or her user account with a user name and password. Let's see, how to create a local user. Create a Account Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Start' button, then 'Settings'. Step-2 : Click the 'Account' option. Step-3 : Click the Family and Other User. Step-4 : Click Add Someone else to the Pc. Step-5 : Click 'I don't have this Person's Sign- in information'. Step-6 : Click 'Add a user without a Micro- soft account'. 50 More on Operating System

Step-7 : Supply user name and password. Step-8 : Click the 'Nect' button. 51 Now, your new local user is created. HIDE FILES AND FOLDER Although you usually can't see a hidden file, it's an ordinary file in all other re- spects. You can choose whether a file is hidden or visible by changing its proper- ties. Here's how to do this: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right-click a file or folder icon. Step-2 : Click 'Properties' option. Step-3 : Next to Attributes, select the Hidden check box. Step-4 : Click OK. Smart Computer Science Book-8

Show hidden files Here's how to display hidden files and folders. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Open Folder or drive. Here, it is open 'Desktop Folder'. Step-2 : Click 'View' tab. Step-3 : Make checked mark on 'Hidden items' to show the hidden files or folders. Run Option The Run option is used for executing a file or application directly. For example, the user can open the Notepad application by specifying 'Notepad' on the Run dialog box. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Type 'Run' on the search box. Step-2 : You get 'Run' dialog box. You get 'Run App'. Step-3 : Click the 'Run App'. You get 'Run' dialog box 52 More on Operating System

Step-4 : Type the program name to run. Here it is typed notepad. Step-5 : Click 'Ok' . Trick & TIPS Press Windows key+R to activate the Run dialog box On-Screen Keyboard On-Screen keyboard is an important utility program of windows operating sys- tem. It is available with accessories. It displays a 'Virtual Keyboard' on the computer screen which allows the user to use the mouse pointer to type. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click 'Start' button. Step-2 : Click 'Setting. Step-3 : Click 'Ease Access' folder. Step-4 : Find and click 'Keyboard' option. Step-5 : Make 'on' the option use the on-screen keyboard. Smart Computer Science Book-8 53

Lab Activities 1. Perform the following activities: a. Check the system infor- mation of your computer. b. Run the Disk Cleanup util- ity program in specific disk drive such as D:, E:, etc. c. Analyze fragmented data and files in your disk and run the de-fragmentation if it is necessary. d. Make backup copy of some files of D: drive in different drive. e. Run the program and feature option and move unnecessary program from your computer system. f. Install some font in your computer and delete unnecessary fonts. g. Create your own user Account with a strong password. h. Hide your some files and folders and show again. i. Use Run option to open Notepad program and use virtual keyboard to type text in Notepad. 54 More on Operating System

INTRODUCTION OF MS-DOS MS-DOS stands for Microsfot Disk Operating System. It is a Character User Interface (CUI) operating system software. It is also called command Line In- terface (CLI) operating system. It provides single user operating environment. It takes over once the computer is turned on. This software manages all the computer operation such as input output, processing, storage, managing files and folders on the disk. It controls and accepts the commands given by the user and tells the computer how to perform a specific job. It also plays the role of coordinator between hardware and software. The commands given by the input unit are sent to the computer where these are translated by MS-DOS into signals which computer can easily understand. Features of Operating System • It is a single user and single tasking operating system. • It supports both floppy disk and hard disk to boot the computer. • It provides CUI (Character User Interface) • It supports all the computer languages. • It is loaded into computer memory from the disk. COMMON TERMS USED IN MS-DOS Booting Loading the system files IO.SYS and MS-DOS.SYS and Command interpreter file COMMAND.COM into the computer memory from the disk is called boot- ing. It is also known as to start-up the computer. File File is a collection of related information under a single name which may be document, program, database, etc. A file name is always given uniquely. A file name has two section; one is primary section and another is secondary section which are separated by dot (.). The secondary section is also called extension name. Smart Computer Science Book-8 55

Directory Directory is a location of the disk where files and sub-directories are stored. There are two types of directories one is Root directory and another is Sub directory. Root Directory: Root directory is a initial directory; also called main directory. The disk drive name C:, D:, E:, etc. called root directory. Sub Directory/Parent Directory: A directory may comes inside a directory is called sub directory. It is also called child directory. A directory comes outside of a directory called parent directory. Disk drive The device which is used to read data from the disk and write data to the disk is called disk drive. The disk drive is named by alphabet such as (C:), (D:), (E:), etc. Default Drive The drive which is selected automatically to read and write files automatically by operating system is called default drive. Prompt Prompt is a set of one or more than one characters symbolic name. It is also called interface of MS-DOS where user enters command to perform the task. Path Path is a way or route which indicates the location of the files and folders in the disk. It is always followed by back slash (\\). It helps to handle and organize files and folders easily such as to create, delete, rename, search, copy, store files and folders. Example : C:\\>DEL D:\\XYZ\\MOM.LTR 56 More on Operating System

Wild Card Character Wild card characters are the special keyboard characters which are used to represent one or more than one character in the file name. There are two types of wild card character. One is ?(question mark) and another is *(star). Question marks (?) represent only one character of a file and star (*) repre- sents remaining all the characters. These characters are used to handle file management such as search, copy, delete, rename, etc. MS-DOS COMMANDS Command is an order or instruction given to the computer to do a specific task. MS-DOS supports varieties of commands which are grouped in two types: 1. Internal Commands 2. External commands Internal Commands Internal commands are loaded with the MS-DOS during the booting. These commands are the programmed with the COMMAND.COM file. The example of internal commands are CLS, DIR, COPY, DEL, REN, etc. Internal Commands These are those commands which are not in-built in MS-DOS. It needs need of an internal file in the computer to read external MS-DOS command. Ex- ternal commands are powerful commands. They perform advance tasks like fix problems, improve performance, or perform other actions. External com- mands usually have higher resource requirements than internal commands. The common external commands are: CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, EDIT, TREE, FIND, SORT, FORMAT, BACKUP, RE- STORE, DELTREE, etc. Smart Computer Science Book-8 57

Points to Know • Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and di- rectories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. • The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthor- ized users do not access the system. • The operating system which allows one user at a time to operate on the com- puter is called single user operating system. • The operating system which allows several users at a time to operate on the computer is called multi user operating system. • A GUI based operating system provides icons and menus and allows the user to choose options using the mouse or keyboard. • The CLI based operating system does not use any icons and menus. The com- mands have to be exactly and correctly spell and need to memories. In this principal, the user has to type specific commands to carry out functions. • Microsoft Windows provides a multi user and multi tasking environment to oper- ate the computer. • Hard disk may become full of empty space with files scattered throughout your drive, which is called fragmentation and can cause considerable slowdown to your computer. • Disk Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently. • MS-DOS is a Character User Interface (CUI) operating system software. It is also called command Line Interface (CLI) operating system. It provides single user operating environment. • Loading the system files IO.SYS and MS-DOS.SYS and Command interpreter file COMMAND.COM into the computer memory from the disk is called booting. • File is a collection of related information under a single name which may be document, program, database, etc. • Directory is a location of the disk where files and sub-directories are stored. • Internal commands are loaded with the MS-DOS during the booting. • External commands are the individual program file . 58 More on Operating System

Terms to Know Disk : Storage device of the computer. Icon : A small picture that represents an object or program. Interface : A program to allow the user to communicate and use the com- puter or program. Instruction : Command given to the computer to perform a task. Multitasking : System which can perform multiple task at a time.. Defragment : Arranges the information in disk in continues scale. Fragmented : Scatter the information in the disk. Backup : A backup is a copy of data from your database that can be used to reconstruct that data. Booting : Start up the computer. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Operating system is a ......................... software. b. A .......................... based operating system provides icons and menu. c. MS-DOS used ............................. interface. d. Command line interface is the primary mode of interaction in ...........................and ........................... e. Windows provides a ......................................... and .............................. ......... to operate the computer. f. Disk clean up is ............................. of window. g. A deleted file leaves ............................. in the continuity data. h. Disk ................................ rearranges fragmented data. Smart Computer Science Book-8 59

i. ......................... can't be de-fragmented. j. ............................... and ............................. option is used to un-install program. k. ........................ accounts are intended primarily for people who need temporary use of a computer. l. ........................is a location of disk where ...................... and .................... are stored. m. ...................... directory is an initial directory. n. ................................ commands are part of COMMAND.COM file. 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. A computer must have an operating system. b. MS-DOS is a single user operating system. c. Windows NT is a multiuser operating system. d. If your disk is formatted using NTFS file system can not be defrag- ment. e. Folder option is used to uninstall a program. f. You can uninstall a program, if same program is running. g. Standard accounts are for everyday computing. h. A file name is always given uniquely. i. A directory comes outside of a directory is called subdirectory. j. Question marks (?) represents only one character of a file. k. Star (*)represents remaining whole characters. l. COMMAND.COM is a system file. m. IO.SYS and MS-DOS.SYS are command interpreter file files. 60 More on Operating System

3. Write the full forms of: a. FAT ............................................ b. MS-DOS.......................................... c. NTFS ......................................... d. CUI.................................................. e. CLI ............................................ f. GUI.................................................. g. CPU .......................................... h. OS................................................... Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is operating system? b. What is windows? c. What does OS basic task perform? d. What do you mean by single user operating system. e. What do you mean by multi user operating system? f. What do you mean by character user interface? g. What do you mean by graphical user interface? h. What is MS-DOS? i. What do you mean by booting? j. What is file? k. What do you mean by primary name of file? l. What do you mean by extension name of file? m. Differentiate between child directory and parent directory. n. What do you mean by disk drive? o. What do you mean by default drive? p. What do you mean by wild card character? q. What is path? r. Differentiate between wild card characters star (*) and question marks (?) Smart Computer Science Book-8 61

Analytical Case Study Questions: 1. When Arpita Shreebastab switches on the Computer, she gets a lot of processing situation before starting up the computer. a. What is called for such processing situation ? b. Which software is activated to start up the computer ? c. What is called for the first screen appears when the computer starts up ? Why is it so called ? 2. When Malvika Majumdar switch on the Computer, she gets following Logo, during the start up process- ing time? a. Which operating system software is this ? b. Is it multi user operating system? Justify to your answer . c. Is it GUI base operating system? Justify, why is it? 3. Nitin Ghale's father has brought a new computer at home from market. He is so much curious to know about the detailed configuration of the computer as: Manufacturing Company, Performance of hardware rate, Microprocessor Model number and detail System type, Installed Memory, Windows edition. a. How does Nitint Ghale see these information? b. How does he know the total disk partition and total disk capacity of hard drive ? 4. After Six month, Nitin Dey is feeling his computer is getting slower down and giv- ing poor performance. a. What may be the causes for this? b. What are the possibilities to reduce this problem? c. Which type of software or tools should be used for solving this problem? d. Write the process for all possibilities to reduce this problem. 5. Ritambra Tripathi is telling confidently that she is ensured she never lose her files from her computer. a. How is she telling confidently? b. Are you also sure like Ritambara ? Prove yourself by writing the process in detail. 6. Mandakini Lepcha had installed a lot of computer games, now she is planning to remove these games from her computer. a. Which feature of your operating system is used for this work ? Where do you find this feature ? 62 More on Operating System

b. How to remove these programs? Write the detailed process . 7. Arbinda Mishra has only one computer in his home. This computer is used by all the family members with a single default administrator user. a. Is it good habit to use single computer by multiple users with same login user name ? Justify your answer. b. May you differentiate between administrator user and guest user ? c. How do you create user account ? d. How do you set the password for the user account. 8. Biplab Darji had kept some personal secret documents. But it may be seen by other users. He intends to keep it safely and hide from others. a. What are the possibilities for this problem? b. Write the detailed process of these possibilities . Project Work 1. Prepare the small practical base module project work report in the given the topic. You have to demonstrate in the computer lab and approve the project report. a. Backup and Restore b. Add and Remove programs c. Install and remove fonts. d. Disk clean up and defragment Smart Computer Science Book-8 63

6More Features on Ms-Word CHAPTER Juna : I have typed my project This chapter includes: work but same format- • Create Style Features ting is repeated in several • Insert Features times. It's So tedious Mam! • Spelling and Gram- mar. Muna : Oh! You can Create style • Page Layout & For- for formatting and use it. matting Juna : I made a lot of spelling er- • Macro and Table of content rors in my document and share the idea to place some objects. Muna : You can use spelling and grammar Tool. Use insert fea- tures , you can place a lot of objects like, shapes, Smart Art, Clip Art, Word Art, Header, Footer, Page number, table, etc. Let's go ahead in detail. QUICK STYLE In Microsoft Office Word, Quick Styles are set of styles that are designed to work together to create an attractive and professional looking document. Quick Styles are included of different formatting options and are displayed in a thumbnail in the Quick Style gallery and Style Window. When you place your pointer over a Quick Style thumbnail, you can see how the Quick Style affects your SmartArt graphic, shape or text. 64 More Features on Ms-Word

Apply the Quick Style Steps to Follow : Step-1 : Select the text. Step-2 : Click the drop down button of 'Styles' group from 'Home' menu. You get the styles gallery. Step-3 : Click on desire Style. Now, your selected style is applied with the selected text. Lab Activities 1. Type the following para- graph and apply the appro- priate style for the heading and paragraph from styles dialog box. In this Example, it is ap- plied the 'strong' heading style Word Processing A word processor, or word processing program, does exactly what the name im- plies. It processes words. It also processes paragraphs, pages, and entire docu- ment. Some examples of word processing programs include Microsoft Word, WordPerfect (Windows only), AppleWorks (Mac only), and OpenOffice.org, etc. Creating New Styles You can create styles for formatting that you use regularly. There are two ways to do this: Create New Styles and Create a Style. Create new style follow the following steps: This technique is generally used to make the totally new style, as we like. But Smart Computer Science Book-8 65

here also we can select the formatted text and create style. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Flayer menu' of 'Styles' group of 'Home' tab. You get the style list. Step-2 : Click the 'New Style Button'. You get the style formatting dialog box. Step-3 : Give the style name and set the formatting parameters such as font face, size, bold, italic, underline, justify, etc Step-4 : For paragraph formatting, click on 'Format' drop down button. Step-5 : Select 'Paragraph' option. You get the 'Paragraph formatting' dialog box. Now, set the parameters according to your requirement. Step-6 : Click 'Ok' button. From paragraph formatting and style dialog box. 66 More Features on Ms-Word

Create a style follow the following steps: It is a method of quacking creating style. This technique is based on the for- matting selected text. But it can be modified. To create a style, follow the fol- lowing steps. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Format your text as you like and select your formatted text. Step-2 : Click the drop down button of Styles gal- lery from 'Styles' group of 'Home' tab. Step-3 : Click the create a style. You get a 'Create New Style from For- matting' dialog box. Step-4 : Give the style name. Step-5 : Click on 'Ok' button. Now, you get your style in 'Styles' gallery. Whenever you need you can apply it. Lab Activities 1. Now you have to type an article about 'World Environment Day' and create different styles with given attributes to format your document as like as given below: • First style name: Main paragraph style Style type : paragraph Font Size: 24 pt Alignment: justify Bold/Underline Before : 0 / after: 6 pt Color :Green Line spacing: 1.3 pt • Third Style Name: Subhead- Font : Arial ing Size: 12 pt First line indent 0.5\" Style type : paragraph • Second style Name: Heading Alignment: Left Before/after:6 pt Style type : Paragraph Line spacing: single Alignment: Centered Font : Arial Before :0 /after:12 pt Line spacing: single Font Size: 13 pt Color : Light Font : Arial Black Green Smart Computer Science Book-8 67

World Environment Day World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to become active about the environment and learn more about ways they can help to ensure the future of our planet is safe. Find out more about World Environment Day! What is World Environment Day? The very first World Environment Day took place in 1973, inspired by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment that took place the year before starting on June 5th. Each year the United Nations pick a theme and a host city where environmental topics can be discussed , followed by different kinds of exhibits and displays to promote environmental aware- ness, in many ways very similar to Earth Day. How Do You Celebrate? Even though the United Nations pick a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades, concerts, clean up and recycling initiatives, tree planting groups and all kinds of green action initiatives that are meant to promote and inspire people in every community to work towards maintain our beauti- ful planet and battling pollution. What Can I Do? World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off school, but if you want to celebrate why not bring it to the attention of your parents, teachers and classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping make a difference. Something as small as making sure people have a way to recycle in your school can make a differ- ence. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about organic and local foods, or raise money for a local wildlife and conservation charity or simply learning about the effects of different prod- ucts on the earth. 68 More Features on Ms-Word

Lab Activities 1. Type the following story and create the styles for formatting the paragraph as given: Birbal Finds a Thief One fine morning, a minister went to Emperor Akbar's court to tell the Emperor some bad news. His gold coins were all gone! They must have been stolen the night before! Emperor Akbar was shocked to hear this. The place where the minister lived was the safest in the kingdom. Surely no one could have broken into the house to steal the coins! It must have been one of the other ministers who lived there, too, who took the coins. But who? The Emperor asked Birbal how to solve the case. Birbal called for a donkey to be tied to a pole at the place where the minister lived. He ordered all the ministers to lift the donkey's tail and say, \"I did not steal the coins.\" Then each of them must come to the palace later that day. When each of the ministers were at the palace, Birbal said, “Now each of you must turn your hand up, so I can see the palm of your hand.” This was odd and the ministers did not know what to think of it. But they did as they were bid. When Birbal looked at the hand of each minister he saw that each one of them, except Alim Khan, had a black patch of paint on their palm. You see, Birbal had painted the donkey's tail with a black coat of paint! He knew that the one minister who was guilty, in fear, would not touch the donkey's tail. And so once again Birbal proved how clever he was, and he was rewarded by the Emperor with 1000 gold coins. CREATE A TABLE Table is a collection of row and columns where data is arranged in the tabular form. Microsoft office word also supports to create a table in the document. If we have to present our data in the tabular form, we can insert table using dif- ferent technique and Tool options Using Grid To insert table using grid, do the following: Smart Computer Science Book-8 69

Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Place the cursor on the page where you want to insert table. Step-2 : Click the Insert Tab. Step-3 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down option. A table grid appears : Step-4 : Select the number of row and columns. In this example, it is selected four columns and five rows. Step-5 : Click the mouse button. Now, lets see, your blank table is inserted as selected row and columns in the document. Using the Insert Table Option Using this technique to insert the tables in the document, follow these steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Insert' tab. Step-2 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down then click Insert Table option. You get the Insert Table dialog box. Step-3 : Specify the number of rows and col- umns. Here, five rows and four col- umns are specified. 70 More Features on Ms-Word

Step-4 : Finally, click the 'Ok' button. Lets see, your desired table is inserted in the document as you selected rows and columns Using Draw Table Technique Draw Table is a technique provided by MS-Word to draw a custom table. This is very handy and friendly. Using this technique, we can create table as we like easily in the basis of data. To draw table, follow the following steps. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Insert' tab. Step-2 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down then click Draw Table option. You get the Insert Table dialog box. Step-3 : Click and drag to draw rectangle. Step-4 : Draw horizontal lines to create row and vertical lines to create col- umns. Let's see, here it is created table having four rows and three columns. Smart Computer Science Book-8 71

Using Quick Table Technique Quick table feature allows you to insert ready made table template in the doc- ument. Ms-Word provides varieties of template within this option, which one is suitable that you can insert. To use this technique, follow the following steps: Step-1 : Click the position on the document where you want to insert a table. Step-2 : Click the 'Insert' tab. Step-3 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down then click Quick Table option. Lets see, You get the a lot of templates of table. Step-4 : Click the type of template as your need. Step 5 : A table is inserted as you had selected template. Now, You can change the data in the template with your own data . 72 More Features on Ms-Word

Convert Text to a Table Ms-Word allows you to convert existing text into a table. Lets see, in this picture each line of text as row and each word separated by single space as column. To convert text to table, follow the following steps: Step to follow: Step-1 : Select the text. Step-2 : Click the Insert tab Step-3 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down then click Convert Text to Table.... op- tion. Step-4 : The Convert Text to Table dialog box appears. Step-5 : In Other option box, just press space once to sperate text column in the basis of space. Step-6 : Click the Ok button . Smart Computer Science Book-8 73

Insert Excel Spreadsheet Ms-Word allows to insert Excel spreadsheet in the document. You get all the features of Excel to format table. To insert Excel spreadsheet, follow the fol- lowing steps: Step to follow: Step-1 : Click the position on the document where you want to insert a table. Step-2 : Click the 'Insert' tab. Step-3 : In the Tables group, Click the Table drop down then click Excel Spreadsheet option. Lets see, You get the Excel spreadsheet. Step-4 : To release the Excel features and just for table, double click outside of the spreadsheet. 74 More Features on Ms-Word

Enter Data in a Table Entering data in the table refers to the type data in the each cell of the table, to enter data in the table, follow these steps: Step to follow: Step-1 : Place the cursor in the cell where you enter data. Begin typing. Step-2 : To shift next cell press tab key, up, down, left right arrow key, or clicked by mouse in specific cell. Lab Activities 1. Rohit Maharjan has been assigned a task to create a table and enter the data as given below. As Rohit, you also do the same task as he does : Name Parents Name Phone Address Ramu Manjan 01-4438703 Maitidevi Sumi Sumit 033-53167 Lahan Sima Mina 9841816625 Baneswor Kanchan Kunta 01-4338704 Gyaneswor CUSTOMIZE TABLE MS-Word allows you to customize tables as per your requirement. You can modify your table in different ways, i.e. you can choose a table style, table design, draw borders. The steps to modify a table are given below. Selecting technique Selection is most essential to customize table. Selection refers to highlight a cell, row, column or table. To select the row : Step-1 : Click the selection bar (head) of the row to select entire a row. or Step-2 : Click and drag the mouse button over the row. Smart Computer Science Book-8 75

To select the column: Step-1 : Move the mouse pointer at the head of the column called column header. Step-2 : The mouse pointer changes to an arrow pointing downwards. Step-3 : Click to select the column. Trick & TIPS To select the entire table, click the four head arrow at the top left corner of the table. Selection of Adjacent Cells To select adjacent cells in the table, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1: Click and drag through the cell. or Step-2 : Click one cell, press and hold Shift, and click the other cell. INSERT/DELETE ROWS, COLUMNS OR CELLS Once you have created table, it may be modified that is to de- lete, or insert row or columns and merge or split cells. To insert Row, column, cell do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the desire cell, row, column, or where you want to insert new blank row. Step-2 : Right mouse click, Se- lect insert/Delete in the context menu, and the select appropriate op- tion. 76 More Features on Ms-Word

Or Step-1 : Click the Layout tab. Step-2 : In the Rows & Col- umns Group, Select the required options: Trick & TIPS To insert a row a column, bring the mouse pointer near the place where you want to insert a row or column and click the plus sign that appears. To delete Row, column, cell do the following: 77 Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the desire cell, row or column which you want to delete Step-2 : Right mouse click, Select Delete cells..... in the context menu. Step-3 : The Delete Cells .......... dialog box appears. Step-4 : Select the required option. Or Step-1 : Click the desire cell, row or column which you want to delete Step-2 : Click the Layout tab. Step-3 : In the Rows & Columns Group, Click the Delete option. Step-4 : You get the 'Delete Cells' dialog box. Smart Computer Science Book-8

Step-5 : Select the desire option. Step-6 : Click the 'Ok' button. MERGING & SPLITTING CELLS Merging refers to combine and split refers to separate. Some times you need to split a cell into multiple cell, merge multiple cell into single cell and split a table into two table. Merging Cells Step-1: Select the cell to be merged. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab. Step-3 : In the Merge group, click the Merge Cells option. or Step-1 : Select the cell to be merged. Step-2 : Right mouse Click, select the 'Merge Cells' option of con- text menu. 78 More Features on Ms-Word

Splitting Cells 79 Step-1 : Select the cell to be split. Step-2 : Right mouse Click, select the 'Split Cells ' option of context menu. or Step-1: Select the cell to be split. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab. Step-3 : In the Merge group, click the Split Cells option. Step-4 : The Split Cells dialog box appears. Step-5 : Specify the number of columns and rows. Step-6 : Click the 'Ok' button. Splitting Table Step-1 : Select the cell which is will be the first row of new separated table. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab. Step-3 : In the Merge group, click the Split Table op- tion. Smart Computer Science Book-8

Lab Activities 1. Class Eight students of Shining Star School are assigned a work to prepare the following given name list of some students for collecting the students' de- tailed information. You also prepare as of students of Shining Star School. a. Prepare the following table b. Insert one more column after the third column and add Contact number. c. Insert two more rows after third row and add records as given. d. Insert one more row above the first row, type 'Student's Detail In- formation' in the first cell and merge all the cell. e. Finally your table looks like as given. 80 More Features on Ms-Word

FORMATTING TABLE Formatting table refers to change the appearance of table using different styles, borders and shading, border style, change the row height, column width, etc. Table Style Ms-Word allows you varieties of table style which changes the appearance of table and make more attractive. To apply the table style follow these steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select the table or just click anywhere of the table. Step-2 : Click the Design tab under the Tables Tools Step-3 : In the Table Styles group, click the stye you want. If You want more style, click the the down arrow key. Now, you get the table style gallery. Step-4 : When you move the mouse pointer over the table style, it display table would look. Step-5 : Click the desired table style. Now, your table appearance is changed as you selected the style. Here Grid Table1 Light... Smart Computer Science Book-8 81

Changing Row Height Some times, it is needed to change (increase/ decrease) the row height in the basis of size of row content. To change the row height, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select or click anywhere in the row whose height you want to change. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab under the Table Tools. Step-3 : In the Cell Size group, click the up/ down arrow in the Table Row Height scroll box to change the height of the row. In this picture, 0.5 inch is set as row height of second row. Changing Column Width As changing row height, Some times, it is needed to change (increase/ de- crease) the column width in the basis of length of column data . To change the column width, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select or click anywhere in the column whose width you want to change. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab under the Table Tools. 82 More Features on Ms-Word

Step-3 : In the Cell Size group, click the up/ down arrow in the Table column Width scroll box to change the column width. In this picture, 0.5 inch is set as row height of second row. Here, 0.5 inch is set the column width for the second column. Trick & TIPS • AutoFit option automatically resizes the columns in a table. • Distribute Row sets the row height equally among the selected rows. • Distribute column sets the column width equally among the se- lected columns. • Select the row or column border line and drag to increase or de- crease the height or width of row or column. APPLYING BORDERS AND SHADING MS-Word allows to apply different types of borders and shading effect to the table created. Apply Border To apply the border to the created table, follow the following steps: Step-1 : Select the cells where you want to apply border, or select the table. Smart Computer Science Book-8 83

Step-2 : Under Table Tools, Click the Design tab. Step-3 : In the Borders group, click the Borders drop-down menu arrow. You get a lot of predefined border style. Step-4 : Select and click one of the predefined border sets. or Step-5 : Click Borders and Shading.... The Borders and Shading dialog box appears. Step-6 : Click the Borders tab and then choose the option you want. • Select the border setting from the Setting option. • Select the line style from the Style drop- down list. • Select the desired line color from the Color drop-down list. • Select a line width from the Width drop-down list. Step-7 : Let's click the Shading tab. Setp-8 : Select the desired shading color. If you want to remove shading, Click No Color. Step-9 : Click Ok. 84 More Features on Ms-Word

CHANGE THE ALIGNMENT OF TEXT Alignment of text is the arrangement of text in cell. To arrangement of the cell content in the table, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the cell that contains the text you want to align. Step-2 : Click the Layout tab. Step-3 : In the Alignment group, select the text alignment you want. INSERT PICTURE 85 Ms-Word also allows to insert picture in a table cell. To insert a table, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click in the cell where you want to insert a pic- ture. Step-2 : Click the IN- SERT tab. In the Illustrations group, Click the Picture option. Step-3 : The Insert Pic- Smart Computer Science Book-8

ture dialog box appears. Browse and select the picture to be in- serted. Stpe-4 : Click the Insert button. The selected picture will be inserted in the table cell. Lab Activities 1. Your School is going to organize sports week. So, you have to prepare a name list containing S.No., participant name and game as follows: Sn. Name Game 1 Urmila Maharjan Football 2 Sumit Lal Karna Cricket 3 Mansa Tripathi Athletics 4 Manju Tiwari Badminton a. Increase the row height. b. Set the appropriate column width. c. Apply border and shading to the heading row d. Make center alignment of the text in the cells. e. Insert a new column after third column and insert images of football, crick- et, athletic, badminton. f. Your final table looks like as follows. If you need picture, you can get in your exercise file from your CD. Sn. Name Game Picture 1 Madan Maharjan Football 2 Sumit Lal Karna Cricket 3 Mansa Tripathi Athletics 4 Manju Tiwari Badminton 86 More Features on Ms-Word

INSERT PICTURE Generally picture refers to image captured by camera or drawn ourself. You can place the picture in your document to make more informative and attrac- tive. You can place picture on the document that are on your computer or from the internet. To insert a picture, do the following: Step-1 : Place your cursor in the document where you want to insert the picture. Step-2 : Click the INSERT Tab on the Ribbon. Step-3 : In the Illustration Group, Click the Pictures Button. The Insert Picture dialog box appears. Step-4 : Browse location where your pictures are located. Select the desired picture or pictures, then click the Insert button. Step-5 : The selected picture will be placed in the document. Insert a picture from Internet Ms-Word 2016 allows you to insert a picture from the internet online. Follow the following steps to do this task. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Place your cursor in the document where you want to insert the picture. Step-2 : Click the INSERT Tab on the Ribbon. Step-3 : In the Illustration Group, Click the Online Pictures button. The Smart Computer Science Book-8 87

Insert Picture dialog box appears. Step-4 : Type the search term in Bing Image Search. Press Enter to being search process. Step-5 : The search result will appear, select picture that you need and click the Insert button. Now, The selected picture is placed in the document. ARRANGEMENT OF PICTURE You can also change how a picture is positioned with text within a document. Microsoft Office Word 20013 enables you to arrange the picture or object with the different options such as Wrapping text, position object, back ward, for- ward, alignment of object, etc. Text Wrap Text wrap is a feature supported by many Ms-word 2016 that enables you to surround a picture or diagram with text. This features allows to start new line when a word in a sentence reaches a border of object. To use the text wrap feature, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select your object. Step-2 : Click on 'Format' tab. Now, it appears under PICTURE TOOLS. Step-3 : Find the 'Arrange' group. Step-4 : Click the 'Wrap Text' command option. You get list of Wrapping 88 More Features on Ms-Word

text commands. Step-5 : Start to hover mouse pointer over the text wrapping option, a live preview is seen. Step-6 : Select the desired op- tion. The text is wrapped around the image. Step-7 : If you are willing to move the image, click and drag the image to the desire location. When you move the ob- ject, green horizontal and vertical line appear that is called alignments guides. Alignments guide helps you to move the object in proper location. Trick & TIPS • If you are unable to see the alignment guides, while moving object, you can activate by clicking Alignment Guide followed by PAGE LAYOUT tab, Align button from Arrange group. Fast Access The Text Wrapping option can be accessed by selecting the image and then clicking the 'Layout Option button that appears on the side of the image. Position Object The Position object is a feature of object arrangement in the document. It helps you place your object at a specific position on the document page. When you Smart Computer Science Book-8 89

use this feature, The text flows around the object automatically. To use this feature, fol- low the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select the image. Step-2 : Click on 'Format' tab. Now, it ap- pears under PICTURE TOOLS. Step-3 : Find the 'Arrange' group. Step-4 : Click the 'Position' command option. You get object positional gallery template. Step-5 : Select the desired template. Lab Activities 1. Type the following paragraph and insert a suitable picture and wrap as given below: Bajrangi in the city The Bajrangis are repeatedly going into people’s homes and stealing food and clothes, forcing residents to cover their balconies and windows with iron grills. Now Bajrangis are worshiped by the Hindu community in Nepal as ava- tars of Lord Hanuman. And because of this some residents have been feeding them which has made the situation a lot worse. A depleting forest cover around Pashupati Nath as the city progresses is one of the reasons why the Bajrangis have come out of their natural habitat in search of food and shelter. 90 More Features on Ms-Word

Smart Art and Arrange them in the document Smart Art is a collection of graphics you can utilize to organize information within your document. It includes time lines, processes, or workflow. To insert SmartArt do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Place your cursor in the document where you want the Smart Art. Step-2 : Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon. Step-3 : From the 'Illustration' group, click the Smart- Art button. You get the SmartArt dialog box. Step-4 : Click the desired SmartArt, then click the Ok button Step-5 : Type the Text in the SmartArt. Smart Computer Science Book-8 91

Lab Activities 1. Now, you have to create a smart art to show the fruits name in Vertical Box List and Hierarchy of the management of your school as given below. a. b. 92 More Features on Ms-Word

Resize Graphics All graphics can be resized by clicking the image and clicking one corner of the image and dragging the cursor to the size you want the image. Watermarks A watermark is a transparent image that appears be- hind the primary text in a document. To insert a watermark, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the Design Tab in the Ribbon. Step-2 : Click the Watermark drop down button in the Page Back- ground Group. You get different types of water marks. Step-3 : Click the Watermark which you want for the document or Click Custom Wa- termark and create your own watermark. It includes picture, text watermark and No Water Mark options. After selecting option and it's parameters, finally click 'Ok' button from the 'Custom Wa- termark' dialog box. Step-4 : To remove a watermark, follow the steps above, but click Remove Watermark. Smart Computer Science Book-8 93

Lab Activities 1. After teaching how to insert water- mark in the document, Computer science teacher has assigned a work to class eight students as a lab work. Samridha has missed class. So, How can you help him to create a docu- ment with water mark as given below. You get the picture from the image gallery for Lab work. The tortoise and the bird A tortoise was resting under a tree, on which a bird had built its nest. The tortoise spoke to the bird mockingly, “What a shabby home you have! It is made of broken twigs, it has no roof, and looks crude. What’s worse is that you had to build it yourself. I think my house, which is my shell, is much better than your pathetic nest”. “Yes, it is made of broken sticks, looks shabby and is open to the ele- ments of nature. It is crude, but I built it, and I like it.” “I guess it’s just like any other nest, but not better than mine”, said the tortoise. “You must be jealous of my shell, though.” “On the contrary”, the bird replied. “My home has space for my family and friends; your shell cannot accommodate anyone other than you. Maybe you have a better house. But I have a better home”, said the bird happily. 94 More Features on Ms-Word