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PENORMAL This command brings the turtle to normal mode and cancels erase mode. Syntax: PENERASE Or PE Example: HOME FD 100 PE BK 50 EXIT FROM LOGO You can exit from LOGO in any one of the following ways. Step-1 : Using ‘BYE’ command. Type ‘BYE’ in the ‘Input Box’ and press ‘Enter’ key. or Step-2 : Select ‘File’ and click on ‘Exit’ option from the menu bar. Page Programming with Logo 146

Points to Know • Computer program is a set of instructions that asks the computer how to carry out a task. • A computer program is written using a programming language. • LOGO is a simple computer programming language used to write simple program as to draw figures. • The MSWLogo screen is divided into two sections: main screen and commander window. • LOGO uses a pen for drawing which looks like a triangle called a Turtle. • The contents of the commander window are : Recall List Box, Command Input Box and Execute Buttons. • FD command draws a line in the forward direction for the given number of units. • BK command draws a line in the backward direction for the given number of units. • RT command turns the turtle in the clockwise direction. • LT command is used to turn the turtle in the anticlockwise direc- tion. • CS command is used to clear the LOGO screen. • HOME command is used to bring the turtle to the Home position. • PE command is used to turn the turtle’s pen into eraser. • PD command puts the turtle’s pen down. • SETH command is used to turn the head of turtle in any direction without using RT or LT command. • HT command is used to remove or hide the turtle from the screen. • ST command is used to show the hidden turtle from the screen. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 147

Terms to Know Instruction : Orders to work. LOGO : Language Oriented Graphics Oriented Program : A set of instructions that the computer follows in order to perform a particular task. Input Box : A box that allows to supply commands. Turtle : An imaginary pen of MS-WLOGO. Execute : To run the program Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable Words: Programming LOGO Turtle Command Four Recall List BYE Execute a. The process of writing instructions is called............................ b. .......................... is an simple computer programming language. c. The .................... is a imaginary pencil of the LOGO program. d. LOGO gives the basic knowledge of ........................ for children. e. ............................... is typed in the command input box. Page Programming with Logo 148

f. Click on the ........................ button to execute the command. g. .......................... is an order or instruction. h. ............... command is used to exit from the LOGO program. i. .................................... collects the instructions you type into the Input Box. j. You can move the turtle in .......................... direction. 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. BASIC is a programming language. b. Programming language is used to write the computer program. c. Logo is used for advance programming. d. Turtle is a real pen of Logo program . e. You enter commands on the main screen . f. You can see the output on the commander window. g. Home is the place where turtle lives when you start Logo. h. Space is not needed between command and number. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 149

i. Command can be typed in either small letter or capi- tal letter. j. After pressing Enter Key, you can not change that you have typed in command input box. 3. Write the full forms of: a. LOGO ............................................................................. b. FD ............................................................................. c. RT ............................................................................. d. LT ............................................................................. e BK ............................................................................. f. CS ............................................................................. g. HT ............................................................................. h. ST ............................................................................. i. PU ............................................................................ j. PD ............................................................................. k. PE ............................................................................. Page Programming with Logo 150

Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is the computer program ? Ans : ................................................................................. ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... b. What do you mean by computer programming ? Ans : ................................................................................. ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... c. Why is Logo programming designed for ? Ans : .................................................................................. ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 151

.......................................................................................... d. What do you mean by Logo Turtle? Ans : ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... e. How do you exit from the LOGO program ? Ans : ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... f. What is the role of the FD command ? Ans : ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Programming with Logo 152

Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Go through the following picture and answer the given questions: a. Uttim Lal Chaudhary wants to write a small program in LOGO, where should he enter commands ? Point in the picture. b. Where does Uttim Lal get output result ? Point in the pic- ture. c. Name the window in which the turtle is placed ? Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 153

2. Janak Rapal wrote the following logo program and the output is given in the picture: a. Name the figure that seen as output on the screen. b. If Janak wants to hide the turtle, what should he do? c. If Janak changes the values of 150 to 100, what will he get the output ? Page Programming with Logo 154

3. The following incomplete Logo program is written by Niru Ghale has been given below: a. What is Niru going to draw ? b. How would Niru complete this program? c. In this incomplete program If Niru Ghale wants to go back to the position of RT 30, What command should she supply ? d. Now she wants to change FD 100 to 150, how should she do ? Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 155

Lab Project-1 1. Write the Logo Program to display the following figures: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 2. Type the following commands and draw the figure that you get: a. FD 50 b. FD 50 RT 90 RT 90 FD 50 PE BK 25 c. CS d. CS FD 300 FD 100 LT 135 BK 50 FD 100 RT 45 LT 90 FD 50 FD 90 BK 50 RT 90 RT 90 FD 90 FD 50 LT 90 HT FD 100 HT Page Programming with Logo 156