Flipp Book class 9

Logical Questions NEXT I END 1. Write the output of Following: a. CLS Output : ................................................ W$ = \"NEPAL\" ................................................................ FOR I = LEN(W$) TO 1 STEP -1 X$ = X$ + MID$(W$, I, 1) ................................................................ NEXT I PRINT X$ ................................................................ END ............................................................... Output : ................................................. b. CLS e. CLS W$ = \"NEPAL\" W$ = \"NEPAL\" N = 1 : SP = 5 FOR I = 1 TO LEN(W$) FOR I = 1 TO LEN(W$) X$ = MID$(W$, I, 1) + X$ PRINT MID$(W$, SP, N) NEXT I SP = SP - 1 PRINT X$ NEXT I END END Output : ................................................. Output : ................................................ c. CLS ................................................................ W$ = \"NEPAL\" N=1 ................................................................ FOR I = 1 TO LEN(W$) PRINT LEFT$(W$, N) ................................................................ N=N+1 NEXT I ................................................................ END f. CLS Output : ................................................ T = 40 FOR I = 1 TO 5 ................................................................ PRINT TAB(T); \"*\" T=T-1 ................................................................ NEXT I END ................................................................ ............................................................... Output : ................................................ ................................................................ d. CLS ................................................................ W$ = \"NEPAL\" ................................................................ N=1 ................................................................ SP = 1 FOR I = 1 TO LEN(W$) PRINT MID$(W$, SP, N) SP = SP + 1 Smart Computer Science Book-9 301

g. CLS NEXT PRINT S W$ = \"NEPAL\" END SP = 1 Output : ................................................. N=1 i. CLS N=153 FOR I = 1 TO LEN(W$) N$ = STR$(N) N$ = LTRIM$(N$) X$ = MID$(W$, SP, N) FOR I = 1 TO LEN(N$) X$ = MID$(N$, I, 1) R = I MOD 2 X = VAL(X$) S=S+X^3 IF R = 0 THEN NEXT PRINT S PRINT LCASE$(X$) END ELSE Output : ................................................. j. CLS PRINT UCASE$(X$) D= END IF WHILE D >= 1 SP = SP + 1 R = D MOD 8 R$ = STR$(R) NEXT I R$ = LTRIM$(R$) O$ = R$ + O$ END D=D\\8 WEND Output : ................................................. PRINT O$ END ................................................................ Output : ................................................. ................................................................ 2. To perform the following: ................................................................ a. Write a program to ask a word ........................................................... and display first character, last characters and two characters h. CLS from second position. N=456 N$ = STR$(N) b. Write a program to ask a word and N$ = LTRIM$(N$) display only alternate characters. FOR I = 1 TO LEN(N$) [NEPAL as NPL) X$ = MID$(N$, I, 1) + X$ NEXT c. Write a program to as a word in PRINT X$ END Output : ................................................. i. CLS N= N$ = STR$(N) N$ = LTRIM$(N$) FOR I = 1 TO LEN(N$) X$ = MID$(N$, I, 1) X = VAL(X$) S=S+X 302 Library Functions

small letter and print in alternate q. Write a program to ask a sentence letters in capital letters.[Hint: nepal and display each word in different as NePaL) lines. d. Write a program to ask a your name r. Write a program to ask a word and and find out total vowel letter. print second last charter. e. Write a program to ask your name s. Write a program to ask a number and find out how many times 'e' or and find out it is armstrong number 'E' is repeated. or not. If the sum of the cube of each digit equal to given number f. Write a program to ask a word and that is known as Armstrong display in reverse order. number. Eg. 153=13+53+33, This 153 is Armstrong number. g. Write a program to ask a word and find out total number of characters. t. Write a program to display all ASCII code value 0 to 255 along with their h. Write a program to ask a number character. and find out total vowels. u. Write a program to ask a sentence i. Write a program to ask a word and and find out total capital letters, display only consonants. small letters, digits and special characters. j. Write a program to ask a your name and find out total vowels and Range of Asci code Character consonants. 65 to 90 A to Z k. Write a program to ask a number and find the sum of digits. 97 to 122 a to z l. Write a program to as a word and 48 to 57 numbers 0 to 9 display in reverse order. Accept these Special characters m. Write a program to ask a word and find out it is palindrome or not. If v. Write a program to ask a number the word can be read same from and find out it is perfect square both sides that is called palindrome root number or not. Eg. 4, 9, 16 word. are example of perfect square root number. n. Write a program to ask a number and find out it is palindrome w. Write a program to ask a number numbers or not. and find out it is positive, negative or neutral. o. Write a program to ask a number and find out total odd and even x. Write a program to ask a number digits. and find out it can read same from both side or not. p. Write a program to as a word and find out repetition of first character. Smart Computer Science Book-9 303

Application Based Questions e. Why is D=D+X*2^P expression written? Study the following programs and f. Why is integer division using? answer the given questions: g. Why is B$ added in the last of expression? 1. CLS 3. CLS D=20 INPUT \"Enter Binary No:\";B$ WHILE D >= 1 FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1 X$ = MID$(B$, I, 1) R = D MOD 2 X = VAL(X$) B$ = STR$(R) + B$ D=D+X*2^P D=D\\2 P=P+1 WEND NEXT PRINT B$ PRINT D WHILE D >= 1 END R = D MOD 8 R$ = STR$(R) a. Write the output of this program. R$ = LTRIM$(R$) O$ = R$ + O$ b. Why is WHILE-WEND using? Can you use D=D\\8 FOR-NEXT loop or not? Give reason. WEND PRINT B$ c. What is the function of MOD? Why is it PRINT O$ necessary in this program? END d. What is the function of STR$()? Why is it a. Write the output of this program. necessary in this program? b. What is the function of VAL()? Why is it used in e. Why is B$ combined in the last of expression? this program? Give reason. 2. CLS c. Why is value of D divided by 8? INPUT \"Enter a Binary No:\"; B B$=STR$(B) d. Why is value of R changing into string? B$=LTRIM$(B$) FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1 e. Why is RTRIM$() necessary in this program? X$ = MID$(B$, I, 1) X = VAL(X$) f. Why is written O$=R$+O$? Why not D=D+X*2^P O$=O$+R$? P=P+1 NEXT PRINT B PRINT D END a. Write the output of this program. b. Why is STR$() using? c. Why is VAL() using? d. Why is the value of C increased by 1? 304 Library Functions

Array in QBASIC CHAPTER 15 Chapter Includes • Introduction of Array • Types of Array: i) Single dimension array and ii) Double dimension array • Sorting data • Searching data INTRODUCTION Array is a variable which collects similar type of data. You can use two different types of variable in QBASIC, in the basis of nature of data storage; they are: i) simple variable ii) array variable. Simple variable stores only one data at a time, such as N=20; N$= “Ramu”; etc. N and N$ are simple variable. Array variable allows you a convenient way to store group of similar type of data under a single variable name which is called array. Consider a case in which name of hundred students are to be stored, it would not be feasible for you to define hundred variables with each name. In such a case, you can use an array variable to store hundred students name as a group. WHAT IS AN ARRAY? An array is a collection of similar type of data, all the data are referred by a single variable with the unique subscript name. A subscript is a constant value or variable written within a parenthesis (). For example N(5) where, N is an array variable name and 5 is a subscript. N(5) creates the following array subscript in the memory: N = N(0) N(1) N(2) N(3) N(4) N(5) Here, whole memory space is denoted by 'N' that creates six subscripts memory location due to DIM () statement which are denoted by N(0) to N(5). by default the lower bound starts from 0 subscription. QBASIC supports 0 or 1 for lower bound subscription. If you want to set the lower bound by 1, you can use OPTION BASE 1 statement. OPTION BASE statement Function : Its function is to set the lower bound subscript value for an array variable. Smart Computer Science Book-9 305

Syntax : OPTION BASE n Where, n is numerical value 0 or 1. Example : OPTION BASE 1 • Note: This statement is placed before the delactation of array, otherwise QBASIC displays the error message. Advantages of Array a. Multiple same data can be stored in a single variable, so program code is also reduced. b. Once data is entered using array variable that can be used repeatedly. So, it is more efficient. c. Array makes more convenient to compare and process data in the comparison of non array variable. Disadvantages of Array a. An array is a static structure (which means the array is fixed of size). Once declared the size of the array cannot be modified. c. Insertion and deletion are quite difficult in an array as the elements are stored in consecutive memory locations. d. Allocating more memory than the requirement leads to wastage of memory space and less allocation of memory also leads to a problem. Types of Array Arrays are classified into different types based on the requirement of the program. The classifications are based on the number of data elements requires. QBASIC supports two types of array: i) Single dimensional Array ii) Multi dimensional Array SINGLE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY The array which collects series of similar type of data represented by a variable name having the single subscript is called a single dimensional array. For example: N(5), where N is a variable and 5 is subscript. The single dimensional array has single row and multiple columns. The following figure illustrates the single dimension array: N = 10 20 30 40 50 N(1) N(2) N(3) N(4) N(5) 306 Array in QBASIC

DIM statement Function : The DIM is a declaration statement which declares array variable explicitly and allocates the memory space for data of an array. Syntax : DIM <variable name>(Subscript) [AS type] • Where, variable is a QBASIC legal variable name. • Subscript is a dimension of an array which may constant, variable or expres- sion. If you are using double or multi-dimensional array, the subscript will be as [lower TO] upper [, [lower TO] upper]... • The default lower value is zero. • AS type define the data type of an array. It may be string, integer, long integer, single precision, double precision. Example : DIM A(8) AS INTEGER DIM A(0 TO 8) AS INTEGER DIM N(10) AS STRING DIM N(0 TO 10) AS STRING DIM N AS INTEGER Sample Program • In this program, N(I) is an array variable CLS with subscript which stores five different DIM N(5) numbers entered from the keyboard. Af- FOR I = 1 TO 5 ter storing, it prints all the values stored INPUT \"Enter Number:\"; N(I) in the array. It is possible only in the array NEXT I variable. REM: Print content of array CLS FOR I = 1 TO 5 PRINT N(I) NEXT I END Sample Program CLS REM: To display only even numbers from the list of array CLS DIM N(10) FOR I = 1 TO 10 INPUT \"Enter number\"; N(I) NEXT I Smart Computer Science Book-9 307

REM: Start to display only even numbers CLS FOR I = 1 TO 10 R = N(I) MOD 2 IF R = 0 THEN PRINT N(I) NEXT I END Sample Program CLS DIM A(3), B(3), C(3), D(3) • The above program displays the output FOR I = 1 TO 3 in matrix form of data with row wise to- tal. You have to practice with print control READ A(I), B(I), C(I) statement and without print control state- D(I) = A(I) + B(I) + C(I) NEXT I ment. FOR I = 1 TO 3 PRINT USING \"######\"; A(I); B(I); C(I); D(I) NEXT I DATA 10,20, 30 DATA 40,50,60 DATA 70,80,90 END SORTING DATA Sorting refers to arrange the numeric or string data in ascending or descending order. It is very important in the programming for data searching. The sorted data gives the clear information instead of unsorted data. There are different types sorting technique but we will discus bubble sorting. Bubble Sorting Bubble sorting is a kind a technique of data sorting. It is a one of the easiest, quickest and strong sorting technique. In this method, single dimensional array is used and two adjacent elements are compared and arrange the data in ascending or descending order. For example: the following shows the operation of bubble sorting. The first table is the initial stage. There are five elements, so it takes four rounds of verification with the two adjacent cells. 40 30 50 20 10 308 Array in QBASIC

First stage: The value of first cell 40 is compared with value of second cell of array, if it is satisfied, value is interchanged. If it is not satisfied, values remain in the same cell. In this case it is satisfied. 30 40 50 20 10 Second Stage: Now, due to first step comparison the data will form as given in the table. Now, value of second cell is compared with value of third cell. If it is satisfied, value is interchanged. If it is not satisfied, values remain in the same cell. In this case it is not satisfied. Third stage: 30 40 50 20 10 Due to the second stage comparison the data will form as given in the table. Now value of third cell is compared with value of fourth cell. If it is satisfied, value is interchanged. If it is not satisfied, values remain in the same cell. In this case it is satisfied. 30 40 20 50 10 Fourth Stage: Due to the third stage comparison, the data will form as given in the table. Now value of fourth cell is compared with value of fifth cell. If it is satisfied, value is interchanged. If it is not satisfied, values remain in the same cell. In this case it is satisfied. 40 30 20 10 50 In the second round processing leads three stages because it leaves the last item. So, second greatest value will be placed in the second last cell and keep so on until the every round is completed. While every round is completed, values of array will be arranged in the following manner: 10 20 30 40 50 Sample Program DATA 40, 30, 50, 20, 10 REM: Data storing in the array variable N REM: Start to perform verification and CLS interchange with SWAP statement DIM N(5) FOR I = 1 TO 4 FOR I = 1 TO 5 FOR J = 1 TO 5 - I READ N(I) IF N(J) > N(J + 1) THEN SWAP NEXT I N(J), N(J + 1) Smart Computer Science Book-9 309

NEXT J CLS NEXT I DIM N$(10) REM: Start to display sorted data FOR I = 1 TO 10 FOR I = 1 TO 5 INPUT \"Enter student Name:\"; N$(I) PRINT N(I) NEXT I NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 9 END FOR J = 1 TO 10 - I Sample Program IF N$(J) > N$(J + 1) THEN CLS SWAP N$(J), N$(J + 1) REM: Data storing in the array variable N END IF DIM X(5) FOR I = 1 TO 5 NEXT J REM: Start to display sorted data READ X(I) NEXT I NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 10 DATA 40, 30, 50, 20, 10 REM: Start to arrange without SWAP statement. PRINT N$(I) FOR I = 1 TO 4 NEXT I END FOR J = 1 TO 5 - I • The above program asks and store 10 IF X(J) > X(J + 1) THEN TEMP = X(J) students name and arranges in alphabet- X(J) = X(J + 1) ic order in the basis of ASCII code value X(J + 1) = TEMP of first character of name of the students. END IF b. Write a program to ask 5 students NEXT J roll number and average marks and NEXT I arranges in ascending order in the REM: Start to display sorted data basis of average marks. FOR I = 1 TO 5 CLS PRINT X(I) DIM R(5), AV(5) NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 5 END INPUT \"Enter Roll Number:\"; R(I) Sample Program INPUT \"Enter Average marks:\"; AV(I) a. Write a program to ask 10 students NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 4 name and store in array subscript FOR J = 1 TO 5 - I variable, then display in ascending order. IF AV(J) > AV(J + 1) THEN SWAP R(J), R(J + 1) SWAP AV(J), AV(J + 1) 310 Array in QBASIC

END IF ................................................................ NEXT J ................................................................ NEXT I ............................................................... FOR I = 1 TO 5 2. To ask name and average marks PRINT R(I), AV(I) NEXT I of 15 students, obtained in the final END examination and display in ascending order in the basis of average marks Skill Test and display name of the students and their average mark. The program After the explanation of single dimension also finds out names and display array and sorting concept, class IX along with their average marks who students are assigned practical work is getting highest and lowest marks. to implement of learning concept. They have to write a program in the following Ans:........................................................ matter: ................................................................ 1. To ask Average marks of 15 students, ................................................................ ................................................................ obtained in the final examination ................................................................ and display in ascending order. The ................................................................ program also finds out the highest ................................................................ and lowest marks. ................................................................ ................................................................ Ans:....................................................... ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ............................................................... ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ............................................................... ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ ............................................................... ................................................................ ............................................................... ................................................................ ................................................................ Smart Computer Science Book-9 311

SEARCHING Searching is a process to seek the particular data or record needed by user. Single dimension array is used to store data for searching, which makes easy and convenient to search a record. There are different types of searching technique. But we will discuss about the sequential search. Sequential Search Sequential search is a technique to seek or find the data required by user. In this method, value of an array is read and compared with the value required by user and searching starts and proceeds until the given value is found or last items of an array and gives the appropriate message. Sample Programs 1. Write a program to read 10 different numbers and search your lucky number is in the list or not. CLS • In this program, R(10) array variables DIM R(10) stores 10 different numbers and allows FOR I = 1 TO 10 you to enter your lucky number. The en- tered lucky number is compared with all READ R(I) the values in the array. If the number is NEXT I match, it displays ‘Your lucky number is DATA 10,20,45,8,5,4,3,2,90,25 found’. If the number is not match, it dis- INPUT \"Enter your lucky number:\", L plays ‘Your lucky number is not found’. REM :Start to search your lucky number FlaG is a variable that returns 0 or 1. FlaG = 0 FOR I = 1 TO 10 IF L = R(I) THEN PRINT \"Your lucky number is found\" FlaG = 1 END IF NEXT I IF FlaG = 0 THEN PRINT \"Your lucky number is not found.\" END IF END 2. Write a program to read 10 different names of the people and search your name is in the list or not. CLS 312 Array in QBASIC

DIM N$(10) and search your roll number is in the FOR I = 1 TO 10 list or not. READ N$(I) Ans:....................................................... NEXT I .......................................................... DATA RAM, HARI, KAMAL, GOPAL, .......................................................... BIDHAN, PRANJAN, NIRAJ, SUSHMA, .......................................................... NISHA, ANUPAM .......................................................... INPUT \"Enter your Name:\", X$ .......................................................... X$ = UCASE$(X$) .......................................................... FOR I = 1 TO 10 .......................................................... IF x$ = N$(I) THEN .......................................................... .......................................................... PRINT \"Your name is in the list\" .......................................................... GOTO abc .......................................................... END IF .......................................................... NEXT I .......................................................... PRINT \"Your name is not in the list\" .......................................................... abc: .......................................................... END .......................................................... .......................................................... Skill Test 1. Write a program to ask and store 10 numbers in single dimension array DOUBLE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY The array which consist of row and columns is called double dimension array. It allows you to store data in both row and column. The double dimension array stores similar type of data by a variable name with two subscripts. First subscript represents number of rows and second subscript represents number of columns. The intersection of row and column is called cell. The double dimensional array is more convenient to process the data in matrix form. The following table is trying to illustrate the double dimensional array. N(1,1) N(1,2) N(1,2) N(2,1) N(2,2) N(2,3) N(3,1) N(3,2) N(3,3) In the above table, there are 3 rows and three columns where 3*3 =9 similar types Smart Computer Science Book-9 313

of data can be stored in this dimension under a name N. Syntax : DIM <variable> (subscript, subscript) • Where, variable is a array variable. Subscript is numeric constant or numeric variable which reserve the space to store data. First subscripts represent number of rows and second one represents number of columns. Subscripts in DIM statements have the following form: Example: DIM A(8,3) • This example creates 8*3 dimensional array where you can store 24 similar types of data. You can store 8 data in each row and 3 data in each column. Points to use of double dimensional Array a. All elements of array should be similar type, either string or numeric. b. It is not possible to mix numeric and string type of data in an array. c. It is possible to mix single dimension and double dimension in the same DIM statement. Sample Programs • In this program, it creates 3*3 double dimension array and CLS stores 9 different values and prints the contents of array in DIM N(3, 3) matrix form. The nine different data are stored in 9 different cell of the array, which are given below: FOR I = 1 TO 3 Cell name of array Data assigns in the cell FOR J = 1 TO 3 N(1,1) 10 READ N(I, J) N(1,2) 20 NEXT J N(1,3) 30 N(2,1) 40 NEXT I N(2,2) 50 DATA 10, 20, 30 N(2,3) 60 DATA 40, 50, 60 N(3,1) 70 DATA 70, 80, 90 N(3,2) 80 REM: Start to display content of an array N(3,3) 90 FOR I = 1 TO 3 FOR J = 1 TO 3 OUTPUT 30 PRINT N(I, J); 10 20 NEXT J PRINT 40 50 60 NEXT I 70 80 90 END 314 Array in QBASIC

Sample Program CLS 'REM: Read the unit consumed of electricity of first three months of 10 consumers DIM U(10, 3) • In the above program, N(10,3) is a double dimension array FOR I = 1 TO 10 having 10 rows and 3 columns. It reads 30 values, 10 values in each row and 3 values in each column and gives the out- FOR J = 1 TO 3 put which represents unit consumed by 10 customers. The READ U(I, J) output of the program is given below: NEXT J NEXT I OUTPUT Ashad DATA 40,50,60,80,90,70,50,40,30,20,67,70,89,90,78 Baishakh Jestha 60 DATA 89,89,76,75,74,73,72,97,96,95,94,94,95,93,82 40 50 70 REM: Start to print the content of array 80 90 30 PRINT \"Baishakh\", \"Jesth\", \"Ashad\" 50 40 70 FOR I = 1 TO 10 20 67 45 89 90 76 FOR J = 1 TO 3 89 89 PRINT U(I, J), NEXT J 75 74 73 PRINT 72 97 96 NEXT I 95 94 94 END 95 93 82 Sample Programs CLS REM: To read and print the name of customer and their units consumed of first three months DIM U(10, 3) • In the above program, N$(10) is a single dimension array DIM N$(10) where 10 customers name is assigned. U(10,3) is double FOR I = 1 TO 10 dimension array where unit consumed by 10 customers in first three months are assigned. The program stores name READ N$(I) of the customer and unit consumed in respective variable FOR J = 1 TO 3 and print the content of both arrays. The out put of the pro- gram is given below: READ U(I, J) NEXT J NEXT I DATA Anil,40,50,60,Rahul,80,90,70 DATA Manish,50,40,30,Kriti,20,67,70 DATA Sumi,89,90,45 Manarama,89,89,76 Smart Computer Science Book-9 315

DATA Rohit,75,74,73,Tara,72,97,96 OUTPUT DATA Mohit, 95,94,94,Ritu,95,93,82 REM: Start to print the content of array Name Baishakh Jestha Ashad PRINT \"Name\", \"Baishakh\", \"Jestha\", \"Ashad\" 60 PRINT Anil 40 50 70 FOR I = 1 TO 10 30 Rahul 80 90 70 PRINT N$(I), 45 FOR J = 1 TO 3 Manish 50 40 76 73 PRINT U(I, J), Kriti 20 67 96 NEXT J 94 PRINT Sumi 89 90 82 NEXT I END Manarama 89 89 Rohit 75 74 Tara 72 97 Mohit 95 94 Ritu 95 93 Sample Program • In this program, it reads the 9 values in double 'Calculation in double dimension array dimension array and calculate total of each row. Finally, it displays the result along with CLS total in right alignment of values. DIM N(3, 4) FOR I = 1 TO 3 OUTPUT 10 20 30 60 FOR J = 1 TO 3 40 50 60 150 READ N(I, J) N(I, 4) = N(I, 4) + N(I, J) NEXT J NEXT I DATA 10, 20, 30 DATA 40, 50, 60 DATA 70, 80, 90 REM: Start to display content of an array 70 80 90 240 FOR I = 1 TO 3 FOR J = 1 TO 4 PRINT USING \"########\"; N(I, J); NEXT J PRINT NEXT I END 316 Array in QBASIC

Skill Test Ans:........................................................ .......................................................... 1. Write a program to read the following .......................................................... data and perform the column wise .......................................................... total. .......................................................... 10 20 30 40 .......................................................... .......................................................... 50 60 70 80 .......................................................... .......................................................... 90 75 55 45 .......................................................... .......................................................... ???? .......................................................... .......................................................... Ans:........................................................ .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ......................................................... .......................................................... ......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... 2. Write a program to read the following data and perform the sum of row and column. 10 20 30 ? 50 60 70 ? 90 75 55 ? ??? ? Smart Computer Science Book-9 317

Points to Know • An array is a collection of similar type of data, all the data are referred by single variable with the unique subscript name. • A subscript is a constant value or variable written within a parenthesis (). • QBASIC supports 0 or 1 for lower bound subscription. • The array which collects series of similar type of data represented by a variable name having the single subscript is called single dimensional array. • Sorting refers to arrange the numeric or string data in ascending or descending order. • In this method, single dimension array is used and two adjacent elements are com- pared and arrange the data in ascending or descending order. • Searching is a process to seek the particular data or record needed by user. • The array which is consisted by row and columns is called double dimension array. It allows you to store data in both row and column. Terms to Know Variable : Reference or name to any data for the computer memory. Constant : Data item whose values do not change during the execution of pro- gram. String : A data type used in programming to represent text rather than num- bers. Precision : Refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. Integer : Number which may negative or positive whole number. Worksheet 1 . Fill in the Blanks: a. ...................... is a variable which collects similar type of data. b. Subscript is written within .............................. c. QBASIC supports ............... and ................. for lower bound subscription. d. .......................... statement is used to set the lower bound subscript value for an array variable. e. ..................... statement is used to declare the array. 318 Array in QBASIC

f. ......................... refers to arrange the numeric or string data in ascending or descending order. g. ....................... is a process to seek the particular data or record needed by user. 2. State whether the following statements are true or false: a. Simple variable stores only one data at a time. b. A subscript is always constant value. c. By default the lower bound starts from 0 subscription. d. Multiple different type of data can be stored in an array variable. e. Once data is entered using array variable that can be repeated. f. Once declared the size of the array can not be modified. g. TAB() is a device input/output function. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions in depth: a. What is single dimension array? b. Write the advantages and disadvantages. c. What is an array? d. What is sorting? e. Differentiate between single dimension and double dimension array? Logic Based Questions 1. Answer the following questions logically: a. Why do you use OPTION BASE statement? b. Why do you use array in the programming? c. Why do you use searching technique? d. Why do you sort data? Smart Computer Science Book-9 319

2. Write the output : NEXT J NEXT I a. CLS FOR I = 1 TO 5 DIM N(5) FOR I = 1 TO 5 PRINT X(I) READ N(I) NEXT I NEXT I END DATA 50, 30, 50, 20, 10 FOR I = 1 TO 4 Output ............................................... FOR J = 1 TO 5 - I IF N(J) < N(J + 1) THEN ............................................................. SWAP N(J), N(J + 1) END IF c. CLS NEXT J DIM N(3, 3) NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 3 FOR I = 1 TO 5 FOR J = 1 TO 3 PRINT N(I); READ N(I, J) NEXT I NEXT END NEXT DATA 10, 20, 30 Output ................................................. DATA 40,50,60 DATA 70, 80, 90 ............................................................... FOR I = 1 TO 3 FOR J = 1 TO 3 b. CLS IF I = J THEN S = S + N(I, J) DIM X(5) NEXT FOR I = 1 TO 5 NEXT READ X(I) FOR I = 1 TO 3 NEXT I FOR J = 1 TO 3 DATA 10, 30, 50, 30, 20 PRINT N(I, J); FOR I = 1 TO 4 NEXT J FOR J = 1 TO 5 - I PRINT IF X(J) < X(J + 1) THEN NEXT TEMP = X(J) PRINT S X(J) = X(J + 1) END X(J + 1) = TEMP END IF Output ............................................... ............................................................. 320 Array in QBASIC

3. Write a program to read the following data in the single dimension arrays and display complete table. NAME ENG NEP COM TOT Radha 50 60 70 x Rukmini 80 70 90 x Hema 80 75 40 x Kaman 90 89 98 x Helen 89 90 92 x 4. Write a program to store any 10 numbers in an array N(10) and search your 10 friend's roll number is in the list or not. 5. Write a program to store any 10 numbers in an array and find out greatest and smallest number. 6. Write a program to store ‘n’ numbers and display in descending order. 7. Write a program to store 10 students name in single dimension subscript array N$(10) and display in alphabetical order Z to A. 8. Write a program to store 10 words in single dimension subscript array W$(10) and print longest and shortest word. 9. Write a program store 10 students name and their average marks in single dimension arrays and display in descending order name and marks in the basis of average marks. 10. Write a program to read the following data in single dimension arrays and display complete table as given heading. ITEM QTY RATE TOTAL PEN 50 40 x COPY 60 45 x ERASER 80 10 x G. BOX 20 25 x 11. Write a program to read the following data and display complete table. NAME AVG. Grade. Rahul 62 x Janak 70 x Mohan 35 x Pranu 45 x Bidhu 56 x Arpit 58 x Smart Computer Science Book-9 321

The grade is calculated in the basis of following conditions: Average Division <40 \"D\" <50 \"C\" <60 \"B\" >=60 \"A\" 12. Write a program to read the following two matrixes in double dimension arrays and find the sum of both matrixes. 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 50 60 70 80 90 70 80 90 10 20 30 13. Read the following matrix in double dimension subscript array and find the sum of right diagonal. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 14. Read the following matrix in double dimension subscript array and dis- play the matrix with row-wise and column- wise total. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15. Read the following matrix in double dimension subscript array and dis- play the matrix with column wise and row wise total. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 16. Write a program to store numbers in ‘n’ by ‘n’ double dimension sub- script array and display in row wise and column wise total. 322 Array in QBASIC