Ashwamedh 2016

site. Conversely, there are a number of generally useful and will be adopted widely, Viperid species whose principal clinical but biochemically based classifications of effect is neurotoxic paralysis and which venoms yield a quite different picture and produce no or minimal effect on either local that some medically important toxins from tissues at the bite site or on the haemostatic snake venoms have several physiologically system. From a medical perspective, a distinct actions, each caused by separate classification based on clinical effects is regions of the toxin structure. Broad medical classification of snake venom activities Sr. No. Toxin activity type Clinical effects 1 Neurotoxin Flaccid paralysis 2 Presynaptic Resistant to late antivenom therapy 3 Postsynaptic Often reversal with antivenom therapy 4 Anticholinesterase 5 Myotoxin Fasciculation Systemic skeletal muscle damage 6 Haemostatic system toxins Interfere with normal haemostasis, causing either bleeding or thrombosis 7 Haemorrhagins Damage vascular wall, causing bleeding 8 Nephrotoxins Direct renal damage 9 Cardiotoxins Direct cardiotoxicity 10 Necrotoxins Direct tissue injury at the bite site/bitten limb VENOM EXTRACTION 51

DEAD CARCASS UTILIZATION Dr. Priyank Yadav1, Dr. Jatinderveer Kaur Billing2, Dr. Amit Challana2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Livestock Products Technology; 2Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy Failure to make use of the carcasses meat with certain conditions which do not of fallen animals is responsible for allow unconditional sale of that meat and an enormous wastage of otherwise hence should be treated before sending to useful materials. Desiccating plants fully market is the key principle. Friebank System equipped to process animal carcasses should (1879) in Germany propagated the concept be established on a sub-district, district or of conditioning of meat from carcass. It was regional basis and that incentive payments started with an objective to provide a need to be made to those who bring fallen nutritious food to economically weaker animals to these plants. Each state should section of society. This meat is cheaper but establish a suitable number of carcass it is misfit, so following conditions are put utilization and hide flaying centres with a viz. 1. Meat is sold in small quantity. 2. view to prevent the colossal waste that is Hotels and restaurants are excluded. 3. It is occurring at present. The huge financial loss necessary to notify consumers the type of sustained due to faulty methods of flaying treatment given to meat. and non utilisation of the by-products of animals has been observed. This need to be Conditions where this type of meat is checked by properly utilization by the permissible are establishment of modern utilization centres.  Certain cases of mild localized Processing of conditionally Tuberculosis and Caseous admissible meat (well within the Lymphadenitis constitutional framework and social norms) could be one of the beneficiary and  Moderate cases of icterus environment friendly activities which have  Mild cases of measles of beef and been taken a rise in recent years in many developing countries. Under the pork conditionally admissible meat, the affected  Moderate infection of parasite which are not transmissible to man. E.g cysticercus ovis & Cysticercus bovis 52

 Carcass of animals in advanced (b) Intestines: Usually casings are made pregnancy and those animals which from small intestines. Sometimes have given birth within 10 days. oesophagus, stomach and urinary bladders are also used. Casings made from small Processing of partially condemned intestines are marketed in terms of hanks (conditionally admissible) meat is done in (=300 ft). About 8.76 million hanks of goat cases of Cysticercus bovis infection where and sheep casing would be available per carcass is locally infected and that part is annum in the country if all the intestines of removed followed by treatment to the slaughter animals are processed. Goat and remaining part. The treatment includes sheep casings are mainly used for the freezing carcass and offals at temperature manufacture of surgical catgut sports gut not exceeding -7˚C for a period of not less and in the manufacture of sausages. than 3 weeks. Other treatments can be Manufacture of casings is on a cottage scale pickling in salt solution, steaming under with poor infrastructure and need moderate pressure (0.49 kg/cm2 ) and boiling considerable improvement. There are three at 95˚C – 100 ˚C for 2.5 hours. Dead carcass surgical catgut manufacturing plants to meet utilization obtained from slaughter house the entire demand of the country. /poultry processing plant can be done by various kinds of byproducts manufacture. (c) Intestinal mucosa: It is obtained while cleaning intestines for making sausage Slaughter by products casings and can be used for preparation of heparin, fertilizer and mucosa protein meal (a) Bones: A major portion of the bones as a source of protein in animal feeds. collected in India is utilized for production of crushed bones and bone grits and a small (d) Rumen contents: The rumen contents quantity is used for the manufacture of (RC) consist of partially digested feed bone-meal. Most of the mills crush bones material eaten by the animal before primarily with the object of exporting slaughter together with digestive juices and crushed bones and bone grits. microbial flora. The RC weighs about 10-15 Encouragement should be given by the State % of live weight of the animal. It is either Governments for setting up factories for the wasted or composted into manure. It causes manufacture of gelatin, glue and Neat‘s foot solid disposal pollution problem in slaughter oil. house. The RC is rich in certain amino acids, 53

crude protein (12-15%), B-complex worth corers of rupees, which are being vitamins and minerals and can be recycled spent at present on the import of animals in livestock/poultry feed supplement by fats. ensiling and other techniques. To increase protein content further, RC could be Slaughter houses which are being enriched during ensiling. About 4000 metric modernized should have a by products plant tons of crude protein could be obtained, if within their close proximity so that all RC of both small and large ruminants are available fats from slaughtered stock could collected and processed for animal feed. be processed. Efforts should also be made Animal feeds have been developed by for efficient and quick recovery of fats from blending wet RC with maize meal (RM the dead animals. Since the proportion of meal) and whole blood blended with wheat fallen stock is very much higher in the case bran (WBB) meal. of bovines, a chain of carcass utilisation centres should be established in areas of (e) Animal fats: Full and rational utilization concentrated bovine population. of animal’s fats which are available in large quantities from fallen and slaughtered Caution: A very cautious and pragmatic animals is highly important. This would not approach is needed in India while only benefit the livestock producers but advocating the concept of conditioned would also help in saving foreign exchange utilization of dead carcass for human or animal consumption. Q: What is most beneficial? A: It is Dharma, righteousness. Q: Who is a clean person? A: He whose mind is pure. Q: Who is the truly intelligent? A: One who is endowed with the power of discrimination - Sri Shankaracharya 54

BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) --- A TOOL FOR DAIRY HARD MANAGEMENT Dr Sanjeeb Dutta1 and Dr Trishna B. Kayastha2 1Assistant Professor, ILFC 2Associate Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition Body Condition Scoring (BCS) enough weight to maintain a normal first refers to the relative amount of lactation. On the other hand, fat heifers have subcutaneous body fat or energy been shown to produce less milk when they reserve in the cow. It is an important enter the milking herd, especially if they management tool for maximizing milk have been fat at puberty. Research and field production and reproductive efficiency experiments have shown that body condition while reducing the incidence of metabolic influences productivity, reproduction, and other peripartum diseases. Body health, and longevity. Thinness or fatness of condition scoring help to ensure that the cow animal can give a clue to underlying is in the correct condition for each stage of nutritional deficiencies, health problems, or her annual cycle and accordingly improper herd management. Regular body appropriate dietary changes can be made in condition scoring can be used to order to correct any deficiencies. For dairy troubleshoot problems and improve the animals, the crucial periods are at calving health and productivity of the dairy herd. and during early lactation. Achieving correct The energy reserved in the form of body condition at calving is important in subcutaneous fat can be used by the cow in order to avoid calving difficulties and losses. periods when she is unable to eat enough to While in early lactation it is important to satisfy her energy needs. In high producing prevent excessive weight loss when meeting cows this is normally happens during early the extra nutritional demands of high lactation, but it may also happen when cow yielding cows. Body condition scoring is is ill, fed poor quality feed or when feed also useful in dairy heifer feeding intake is restricted. After a period of weight management. Thin heifer may not grow loss, cows should be fed more than their rapidly enough to reach puberty by 13 to 15 requirements to restore normal body months of age. They may also be too small condition. The main principle left behind the to calve at 23 to 25 months or to carry body condition scoring is to achieve a 55

balance between economic feeding, good and tactile appraisals are necessary. The production and good welfare of dairy main anatomical areas to be observed for animals. determination of body condition scoring are: How to assess the body condition score  Pelvic area  Loin area A 5 – point (1 to 5) scoring system is used to  Hook and pin bones evaluate body condition score for dairy  Tail head and sacral ligaments and animals. On the 5 – point scale, a score of 1-  Short ribs point denotes a very thin cow, while 5 – point denotes an excessively fat cow. These The following diagram illustrates the dairy are extreme scores and should be avoided. cow’s major bone and muscle groups and The average 3 – points is the most desirable shows the areas of concern in scoring. for the majority of the herd. A score with a plus or minus indicates a borderline body condition. For accurate scoring, both visual 56

Scoring consistently requires handling cattle  Severe depression below tail head in order to assess body reserves but an and between pin bones. Bony overall visual inspection is also important. structure protrudes sharply, and The scoring system is designed to cover all ligaments and vulva are prominent. dairy animals (cattle and buffalos) but some allowances should be made for different Score 2 breeds or indigenous non-descript dairy Body Condition: Poor animals. The scoring method involves a manual assessment of the thickness of fat  Individual short ribs can be felt but cover and prominence of bone at the tail are not prominent. head and loin area. One should stand directly behind the animal to score both the  Ends of ribs are sharp to the touch areas and always handle the animal quietly but have a thicker covering of flesh. and carefully using the hand. The tail head is scored by feeling for the amount of fat  Short ribs do not have as distinct an around the tail head and the prominence of \"overhanging shelf\" effect. the pelvic bones. The loin is scored by feeling the horizontal and vertical  Individual bones in the chine, loin, projections of the vertebrae and the amount and rump regions are not visually of fat in between. distinct but are easily distinguished by touch. Score of 1  Hook and pin bones are prominent, Body Condition: Very poor but the depression between them is less severe.  Individual short ribs have a thin covering of flesh.  Area below tail head and between pin bones is somewhat depressed,  Bones of the chine, loin, and rump regions are prominent. 57  Hook and pin bones protrude sharply, with a very thin covering of flesh and deep depressions between bones.

but the bony structure has some  Hook and pin bones are rounded and covering of flesh. smooth.  Area between pin bones and around tail head appears smooth, without signs of fat deposit. Score 4 Body Condition: Fat Score 3  Individual short ribs are distinguishable only by firm Body Condition: Good palpation.  Short ribs can be felt by applying  Short ribs appear flat or rounded, slight pressure. with no overhanging shelf effect.  Altogether, short ribs appear smooth  Ridge formed by backbone in chine and the overhanging shelf effect is region is rounded and smooth. not so noticeable.  Loin and rump regions appear flat.  Hooks are rounded and the span between them is flat.  Area of tail head and pin bones is rounded, with evidence of fat deposit.  The backbone appears as a rounded ridge; firm pressure is necessary to feel individual bones. 58

Score: 5 nutritional assessment of a dairy Body Condition: Grossly fat animal at her different physiological stages.  Bony structures of backbone, short ribs, and hook and pin bones are not Conclusion: Body condition scoring is an apparent; subcutaneous fat deposits easy technique to judge a group of animals are very evident. in the field. Researches demonstrate that body condition scoring of animals of a dairy  Tail head appears to be buried in herd is an important manage mental tool. fatty tissue. The following table no.1, Body condition scoring of an animal cannot shows the ranges of ideal body be altered rapidly. Specialist advice should condition scores along with the be obtained whenever there is concern about the general condition of the herd. In excessive condition, cows should be kept on bare pasture with straw to maintain rumen function and should be closely monitored. If done on a regular basis, body condition scoring can improve dairy herd nutrition, health and production. Table No.1: NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT THROUGH BODY CONDITION SCORE Physiological stages Recommended Nutritional Assessment BCS Score Scores below 3.75 a) Increase energy intake. Inadequate body fat Drying off 3.75 – 4.25 reserves, can decrease milk production in upcoming lactation b) Increase energy content of late-lactation ration. Body fat reserves should be replaced at that time. Cow at Calving 3.75 – 4.25 Scores below 3.75 indicate cows received inadequate energy during late lactation and/or dry period Scores below 3.0 Early Lactation 3.0 – 3.5 a) Very high producers may drop to 2.75 and not become a problem. b) Thin cows that are not high producers are not 59

Mid lactation 3.5 getting enough energy. Late lactation 3.75 c) Cows have good body condition (3.5 – 3.75), Heifers 3.25 – 3.75 but production is not as high as expected. Check for inadequate intake of protein, mineral or water Scores below 3.5 indicate that cows are receiving inadequate energy. Scores below 3.75 at dry off mean cows are receiving inadequate energy. Scores below 3.25 may indicate a nutritional problem. If heifers are allowed to become too thin, they will not grow at the proper rate and may have reproductive problem later on. INCREDIBLE FACTS  To escape the grip of a crocodile’s jaw, push your thumb into its eyeball- it will let you go instantly.  You can tell a turtle’s gender by the noise it makes. Males grunt and O+ hiss.  Owls turn their heads almost 360 degree but can’t move their eyes.  A bird’s feather weighs more than its skeleton.  The average person produces enough saliva in their lifetime to fill 2 swimming pools.  When you blush, the lining of your stomach blushes too.  A condition called synesthesia can cause senses to overlap. In other words, some people can taste words or hear colours.  Great white sharks can deteit one drop of blood in 25 gal (100L) of water.  An electric cell is known to produce electricity sufficient enough to light up to 10 electric bulbs.  Dolphins sleep with only half of their brain and with one eye open.  Turtles live on every continent except ANTARCTICA. 60

MY INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE OF TEACHING Dr. Gurdeep Kour Associate Professor, Department of Physiology & Biochemistry \"Experience is a valuable tool and the need to finish whole Physiology within wisdom one gains can often be shared with assigned period. others\". I chose this college magazine as a medium Cross Interaction was one thing to share my personal experience while which I admire the most, as it build up serving as the faculty at Medical school of student-teacher interaction more stronger Ethiopia as a Physiologist. It was wonderful while teaching them through Power Point experience as the most interesting part of Presentations. Later on, I started enjoying teaching methodology has been \"Extensive my teaching because I found it as more use of Modern Teaching Aids\" which was interesting way to give knowledge like to students and they gave more attention to the lecture as compared to \"Chalk Talk  Lecture on Power Point slide Method Method\". Even I would like to introduce and  Cross Interaction implement this teaching aid in our college if  Teacher Evaluation System given the chance. Examination Schedule  Examination Schedule was very unique and exams were conducted after completion of each chapter, module Lecture on Power Point Slide method was examination was the pattern which the teaching aid adopted by them and I was comprises of different multiple choice and supposed to teach them all the systems via subjective questions. I like the pattern and Power Point. I need to prepare the entire schedule procedure as it prepares the Power Point slides before my lecture. It was students for next chapter as well as for quiet challenging for me to teach them as we scoring in the final exams. Modular are not used to teach our students like the Examination marks are summed up into the same. Some of the streams like Psychiatry final exams and it makes the student more and Midwifery had only block courses i.e. vigilant and attentive throughout the only 4 weeks programme and for them I duration of course period and full semester, 61

instead of waking up just at the eleventh Medicos we have a more elaborate course. hour of semester exams. They have to learn only differentiation between Child, Male and Female, whereas Teacher Evaluation System was we study from Rat to Giraffe. Medicos amazing technique applied at the end of usually have the advantage over vets in that every course. The evaluation system was they can talk to their patients whereas for very simple way in which students give veterinarians life would be so much easier if remarks on teacher’s performance. I was our patients could talk. So, one can imagine pleased to know that after completion of my the easiness treating a patient who can courses my aggregate was 4.9 out of 5 and explain the problem and on the contrary one that actually boost up my moral to work whose patient can't talk even the history more hard when Dr. Loko Abraham, MD provided by the owner is false most of the Pediatrics (Dean) congratulated me on my time. success as it was the highest grade of any Indian to score in last 15 years and he So, don't under estimate yourself and appreciated me for giving additional your knowledge. First build the courage to knowledge to students about animal species fight and face the world. Sky is the limit if wherever required for comparison. Every you wish to reach. student was having online Id's and results for internal and final assessment was KEEP THE SPIRITS HIGH updated time to time. THUMPS UP Finally I conclude that being a Vet don't limit yourself. As compared to V-VERY E-EXCLUSIVE T-TRAINER 62

FOLK DANCES OF PUNJAB Compiled by Dr. Kamalpreet Kaur Gill Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology When one sets out to enjoy on of primitive origin and recall to one’s mind self, one has to go through those days when the Punjabi people were considerable preparation. We governed by small democratic units know that a lot of preparation and phased (Gaunnas). The Punjabi people in those days programmes are essential for arranging a were much luckier than the urbanite Punjabi Gidha Dance or a Bhangra performance. bourgeoisie or the affluent big landlords Even those who want to enjoy such who due to absentee landlordism are performances have to prepare themselves for inclined to be more urbanite than the such events like buying tickets, dressing for greatest urbanites. As such the collegian the occasion, arriving on time or preparing young men and women who give Gidha and our homes for entertaining the guests, who Bhangra performances in big metropolitan accompanied us to the auditorium where the cities have developed that artifice which is Gidha or the Bhangra was performed. The the very negation of true art. Their gaiety is persons who go to witness such shackled by conventions, which do not performances go to enjoy themselves and allow them to maintain a natural level of are genuinely in a mood of relaxation. The happy gestures. Bhangra and the Gidha are dances which are 63

The original Gidha dances and Bhangra Salwar Kamiz, worn by the city born performances, though by illiterate and belles. Bhangra, is usually a group dance but unsophisticated men and women were there is no hard and fast rule that the perfectly adjusted to their “backwardness” participants should be of a particular age which had a pristine glory of its own. They group. It is, however, usually performed by had a plenty of time at their disposal and teenagers and by those young men who are never recognized the limitations of “a in their early twenties. On festive occasions scheduled programme”. There were no like marriage procession, even the middle formal inaugurations and the VIP’s had no aged men join the dance. It is believed that choice in the matter of selecting performers. the dance originated in the tribes of Sialkot Everything was non – professional but district now in Pakistan but now it is widely natural and in perfect harmony with the popular in all the regions of both the social environment. The original Gidha Punjabs. The participants in the Bhangra dances and Bhangra performers practically Dance, usually dance to the accompaniment always had a good time because the notion of the beating of a drum by a person, who of time was not a counting factor in their stands aside constantly beating the drum scheme of things. They were never “late” for with rhythmical strokes. the performance to be given by them. The villagers are in a mood of gaiety In a primitive society, the folk at the harvesting of wheat in mid April on dances are not artificially contrived. Nature the Baisakhi day and this dance reminds one provides a wide choice for imitative dances of the practices of primitive tribes in many and these dances are generally performed on parts of the world but in modern times of such festive occasions when harvesting is to highly developed cultures, the difference be done or a hunting expedition is to be between pastimes or entertainments and commissioned. There is no such natural regular seasonal feasts and celebrations has hilarity discernable in the folk dances which become too wide, and Bhangra is presented are presented to people gathered in as a pastime performance for all times and professional theatres. Such dances do not all the seasons. enjoin upon the participants the desirability of an especial dress and more often than not Bhangra: Apart from the resounding drum, Gidha is presented in every day. the other musical instruments which come handy for Bhangra players are, Chimta 64

(Thongs), Algoza (The twin flutes), Toombi performance. It usually happens that the (The gourd organ). Before Bhangra has players of the Bhangra party belong to a started the Drum players, play upon the particular region and the folk song by them drum a number of times to create the reers to the beauty of the belles of the area necessary mood amongst the players and or the adventurous exploits of a regional when the Bhangra dance is actually on; the hero like Jeeuna Maur. other musical instruments mentioned earlier are played in tune with the rhythmical Jhumar: It is a community dance which gesticulation by the players. The vocal was very popular with the tribal people. articulation of a folk song either collectively Inhabiting Sandal Bar area of the united by the players or sung solo by the leader of Punjab of the pre – partition days which the party plays a very important part in consisted of the districts of Sheikhupura, creating the necessary atmosphere, which Mintgommery, Jhang – Maghiana of helps the players to display their romantic Shorkot, Shahpur and Lyalpur. Before the abandonment on the occasion. British chose to spread the network of canals in the area, it was a thick jungle inhabited by It usually happens that the stanza of wild beasts and nomad tribes which had not a two – line folk song ends on a refrain, and gone beyond primitive civilization. They this refrain is picked up by all the Bhangra lived a life which reminds one of the players. While doing so they raise their original inhabitants of Australia, the Red hands high and waive silken handkerchiefs Indians of America or of the Azetic and scarfs which usually are of electric civilization of South America. colours. To the harvesting primitive people, Bhangra parties, when visiting the plants on which they depend during the village fairs, move through the milling major part of the year are not only the crowds, raising their iron – shod, bamboo sources of food supply but also the means of sticks, playing upon Algozas. Vanjalis and their hospitability. A big feast is arranged mouth organs. They do not mount any when the harvest is done, and festivities are platform or stage, instead the crowds at the arranged. The jhumar dance was a very fair give the Bhangra party a free passage important element of entertainment for the and form a circle around them when the people of the Sandal Bar mentioned earlier. Bhangra players choose to give a pitched 65

Jhumar dance is accompanied by the In some areas of Sandal Bar, young drum player who is supposed to be an adept women too perform Jhumar; but it is usually in such matters. There is no special occasion an all male or all female affair. Some for the Jhumar dance to take place. scholars are of the opinion that it is a dance Whenever the weather is good, usually at a in which men and women dance together. It time, when it is nearing Sunset, the drum seems there are local variations. When the beater passes through the lanes of the village women perform this dance their dress is beating the drum. This beating of the drum usually of primary colours – black loose is usually taken to mean a call for the people flowing kurtas, red cloth wrappings (Majlas) to come out of their houses for the “Jhumar” around the waist and crude heavy ornaments dance. The people usually know of a like Hamaels around the neck. Their songs predetermined open space in the village too contain references to the traditional where such celebrations take place. ornaments like Lungis (the loose cloth wrap “Jhumar” is usually an exclusively male around the waist), choli (boadice usually dance but there is no age bar for the green, red or black) and Bhoshan (the head participants. Youngmen, the middle aged gear). and the old all can participate. The only thing required is that they should possess the There are other Jhumar songs which physical grit and should possess a mention the daily chores of the people, like disposition which can be tuned to a mood of going to the village well, going a fishing, gaiety. going to the jungle for customary labour for the tribal chief etc. When the dancers have formed the group, the principal participant popularly They sing of the gifts which this old known as “Jhumari”, raises his hands earth has chosen to give to man – bread, closing up the fingers forming clouts with meat, fish, fruit and vegetables – the basic which he touches the chest. Then the other means of subsistence. members of the troupe join and imitate his gestures, which are repeated and infinitum. Ludhi: Ludhi is the other tribal dance which As the dance progresses, the drum beater is very popular with the canal tribes of beats the drum rhythmically, standing in the Western Punjab. It is indicative of greater centre of the dancing group. horseplay, and the drum beater is obliged to beat the drum more frequently and in a 66

louder key. It begins with the group leader, legend belongs to Rajasthan, and he touching his chest with raised fore arms, surmises that Sammi, belonged to the royal simultaneously raising his right leg and right horse of Marwar but Todd who makes a hand as high as he can. This is followed by passing reference to the legend nowhere the raising of the left leg and the left arm in suggests that she was of royal blood. There a similar way. Each such gesture is followed are other scholars who say that the legend is by a jump in the air and then coming down Punjabi in origin. to earth with a thud. The drum beater arranges the high or low rhythmical beatings This dance is an exclusive affair of to suit the bodily movements. Ludhi is women and as such it is free of the massive essentially a display of muscles and their muscular play which is evident in Ludhi. movements and the swirling movements of the players with their gay coloured clothes, Giddha: It is a dance song which is very reminds one of the merry go – rounds seen popular with the young women of Punjab. in all village fairs. There is an unusual Even though, it is a dance which is generally display of gaiety and hilarity which borders associated with the festive occasions like on a childish mood of abandonment. Lohri (the bonfire fair which celebrates the ending of the winter season) or the birth of a This dance is essentially the dance of male child or an auspicious occasion like the wild life of tribal people and it is marriage, it is usually a seasonal dance probably for this reason that it has not been associated with the rainy season, when much appreciated by sophisticated urban married young women visit their ancestral audiences. parental home for a short stay. Young girls both married and unmarried gather under the Sammi: This dance is named after the shadow of the mango trees, arrange for legendary heroine of the same name. She swings to be hung from top branches of the lived in the tenth century and was as mad as trees and spend a major part of the day right could be in her love for Dhola, a young to Sundown, swinging on the swings and Robinhood type of an adventurer. reciting songs of the rainy season. When they are not swinging, they form their dance Scholars differ widely as to the state troups and sing group songs which are to which the two lovers belonged. Shamsher generally erotic. Singh Ashok is of the opinion that the 67

It is clear from the above that the groups of two to recite the kikali song. Giddha song strikes a note of intimacy. Here These kikali songs keep the swingers in a familiarity does not breed contempt but it mood of hilarity and the romantic leads to contentment, mutual regard and atmosphere becomes more romantic. satisfaction. The marriage Giddha songs are indicative of romantic abandonment and When the kikali dancers take their gaiety. The Giddha like Bhangra dance has position, they balance their joined hands, an accompanying drum beater but the young stretch their arms, make their bodies erect, women have their own hands and quick let off the foretoes of their feet and then swirling group movements with thudding withdrawing backwards go in far a quick and thumbing. The musical extravaganza merry – go round movement. It is clear from becomes all the more alive because of the the above phenomenal account of the folk voice rhythms of the group. dances of Punjabi people. All these dances are projected within the frame work of their Kikali: This is a group song peculiar to the natural surroundings, which are rich and ladies and the participants are usually varied. The Punjabi people are aware of the teenagers. Nevertheless even elderly ladies grandeur of their art. are not excluded from participation. The young belles form a circle on a grassy open All these dances have their rules of plot or choose a wide compound of a Haveli behavior for the participants but there are no to stage the dance. The usual practice for the hard and fast laws as prevail in the case of teenagers is to divide them into groups of European folk dances. two and then have a swirling go – round movement while reciting the song in a All through the ages from ancient chorus. The group of two gives individual history to the time of the great historical performance while reciting the song and changes which overtook Punjab from time to then leave the field open for the next two time, and even up to modern times, the folk members of the group. The earlier two dances have enlivened the life of the Punjabi dancers would then join the audience. people. Another point to be noted in this respect is the fact that when the dancers During the rainy season when the display their skill, they wear traditional swings are flung along the span of sprawling ornaments and dresses. These ornaments trees; those who are not swinging form recall to one’s mind the glorious ancient and 68

medieval days of all lands and one’s of vanished kings and empires, which have imaginations likes to dwell on the treasuries been brought to light by historical of silver and gold that came to India from excavations. The remembrance of all this is Egypt and are a part of the legendary riches a grab – bag to dip into. INTERESTING ANIMAL FACTS  One gram of venom of king cobra can kill 150 people.  A snail has 25,000 teeth.  The heart of a blue whale is the size of a small car; its tongue is as long as elephant.  Sharks never sleep in life.  Some African plants can consume a complete human being.  The fastest animal on six legs is a cockroach. It covers a meter in a second.  Blood cannot be stored in blood banks for more than 14 days.  We die more quickly from lack of sleep than lack of food.  A gold fish lay 4 million eggs a year yet only one will survive to adulthood.  The light produced by some glow worm is enough to read a book. 69

IMPORTANCE OF HORSE IN SIKH HISTORY Mr. Lovepreet Singh Computer section The horse is probably the most maintain a horse, wherever possible. Soon aristocratic animal domesticated an army of one thousand horses was raised. by man. It had a most powerful Some famous horses in Sikh History are as impact on human society perhaps for as long follows. as 4000 years. Although it is not quite sure Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s famous blue where it was first domesticated but horse colored horse: In fact Guru Sahib is driven chariots and cavalry perhaps were the sometimes known as “Neelay Ghoray first great revolutionary advances in the whalla” or “one with the blue horse” and technology of human warfare in India, vars sing the exploits of “Neelay ghoray Middle East and China, among others. they swaar” or “the rider of the blue horse”. In Sikh Religion Sixth Guru Sri Guru Just as his grandfather Sri Guru Hargobind Hargobind Sahibji knew that the Sikh's sahib Ji, Sri Guru Gobind Singh instructed would no longer take their freedom for his Sikhs to make offerings of arms and granted, he undertook to steel his Sikhs horses in readiness for the turbulent times against tyranny and oppression. The Guru ahead. In anticipation of this Sri Guru gave instructions to Sikhs that they should Gobind Singh Ji learnt the art of make offerings in the future of horses and weapons rather than just money.The Sikhs 70 did not believe in self-denial alone; they grew increasingly aware of the need for assertion also. They wielded arms and lived an active life, reared horses, rode on them, and racing and hunting became their pastimes. The Sikhs were already engaged in the trade of horses and the Guru Sahib advised every Sikh to keep a sword and

horsemanship from an early age under the He had raised and he displayed as a soldier guidance of his maternal uncle, Bhai Kirpal great feats of valor in battles with the Chand. As Guru Sahib Ji grew up he became imperial troops. His best-known exploit, an accomplished horseman and would spend however, was the recovery of two Horses, time travelling the country side on Dilbag and Gulbag, from the stables of the horseback blessing his people who would Governor of Lahore. The horses belonged to inevitably gather wherever he went.To this a Sikh who was bringing them from Kabul day, the breed of the horse called “Blue as an offering for Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Roan” still exist, but not the Blue color of Ji, but they were seized on the way by the the rare horse of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Mughal satrap. The first horse that Bidhi There is also an incident when Guru Ji’s Chand recovered disguised as a hay-seller, horse stopped before entering a tobacco and the second disguised as an astrologer. field. Horses rescued by Bhai Bidhi Chand from Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s horse: Maharaja Lahore Fort: Bhai Bidhi Chand ji was one Ranjit Singh gave immense importance to of the five Sikhs chosen to accompany Sri horses after he became the Maharaja of Guru Arjan Dev Ji on his journey to Lahore Punjab after conquering the Lahore Fort in where he was martyred in 1606. 1799. Maharaja Ranjit Singh had the entire walled city of Lahore cleaned and scrubbed Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji chose him to be for 2 days because his horse was to pass one of the commanders of the armed forces. through there. A military barrack at the Lahore Fort was converted by the British military from a horse stable to a barrack. Maharaja Ranjit Singh kept 1,000 of the finest horses there and when the stable became full he made an even larger stable at Hazoori Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan. The horse which stands out the most is the legendary horse which costed “rupees 60 lakhs” and by today’s standards it would 71

cost Rs12 billion.A joke doing the rounds of adorned the Kohinoor diamond on many Lahore then listed the price of the entire city important occasions.As writer Majid Sheikh of Lahore and the cost of the Maharajah’s put it, for a beautiful horse this 5’3” leader horses as being equal. of the Sikhs would go to any length, for once he got it into his head to acquire the Maharaja Ranjit Singh kept the “filly”, it became an obsession with him. Horse which was named Laili. The one who The horse's impact on agriculture and industry cannot be underestimated. Beyond the battlefield, horsepower also afforded great advances in transport, agriculture, industry, and science. The horse was likely a most significant instrument in the rapidity of communication and transmission of new knowledge - languages and science - across the world. 72

IMPORTANCE OF CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOLS & COLLEGES Ms. Gurleen Kaur, 1st Year (A-2014-V-13-B) Dear Readers, through the lines of the enclosures, you’ve to believe that sky’s this article, I’m going to blue but when you take part in Co-curricular communicate with as well as events, you break down the enclosures, shape your thoughts about the reason for come out under the sky and note its brilliant existence of magazines as in your hand, blue color!! So, which is the better method about the need of dance, sports, to learn? The choice’s always yours. declamations, debates, about need of people taking out time from their busy schedules Gurbaani says, “pj[sk gVhn? Ppj[sk for attending and organizing such events. w{oy j'fJ..” Through these verses, lord is trying to enlighten the message in our lives Co-curricula’s are the answer to call that knowledge without implementation is of youth for upbringing their talents by nothing more than trash in Bin!!! Books providing them with opportunities. Just hold can give you an essay on topic, ‘Co- your index finger, keep them on your ordination’. But the extra- curricular will bogging minds and think deeply about what make you learn have to co-ordinate. In I say ahead. Books are full of thoughts, addition, they enhance your social facts, and discoveries but does one of us interaction, leadership, healthy recreation have any contribution in these? No! We just and self-confidence. So, I would wind up understand, pardon please, we most of the saying that co-curricular activities are now- times CRAM the thoughts and mould our a-days an utmost necessity for students. thinking according to the authors. For instance, teachers say sky is blue. Sitting in 73

WHAT KIND OF WORLD IS THIS? Mr. Harshit Sethi, 1st Year (A-2014-V-20-B) What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where people want everything permanent But they themselves have a temporary life What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where loneliness is a fellow mate And happiness is a myth. What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where truth is disguised as a lie And the lie is believed to be the truth. What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where all relations have been denied And only friendship had survived What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where true lovers have cried And the false one’s have enjoyed the ride. What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where every religion is broken, But terrorism has remained untouched. What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! Where can ever be joyment found? Or it has no bounds. {Well, all one can say that enjoyment, happiness is a spirit} It can be found only in the face of an infant In melody of a song, In a rising sun, In an ending night But it has gone to another dimension Until that dimension is found; I can just say: What kind of world is this? Can anyone tell! 74

DIET ACCORDING TO YOUR BLOOD GROUP Ms. Imroj Kaur, 1st Year (A-2014-V-22-B) In current era, everybody is aware of products, potatoes, tomatoes, garbage, black health but none has time to know and pepper, mango, orange, papaya should be execute the recommendations of health avoided because they are not easily digested - friendly diet. Majority eat anything by them. provided to them without knowing about its sub sequence effect on the health. Our blood Blood Group (B): They are most healthy group also prescribes specific diet for us. people. Normally they don’t have any Let’s know what our blood group says:- special precaution in diet because their immune system is very good. But their Blood Group “O”: Their digestive system dinner should be light and mostly fruits is better as Compared to other blood groups. corn, seeded- vegetable, fruits increase their Non-vegetarian food is the best for them but weight. They should better avoid non- dairy products should be avoided. Oil causes vegetarian food for a healthy life. They can no harm to them. To people having O blood take dairy products, dry fruits, vegetables group, acidity is the major problem. So, and fruits in balanced manner. fruits are better for them. Wheat and wheat based food increases their weight. Fish and Blood Group (AB): They have mixed sea food is better option. They should qualities of A and B blood groups. Their usually take protein excess diet. digestive system is very poor. They should avoid pickles. Protein is the best for them Blood Group “A”: It is more sensitive blood put in balanced manner. Dairy products, rice group. Heart diseases, cancer, diabetes are are health giving for them. Their immune their major problems. They should take system is very weak. Green vegetables, vegetarian food in priority. They should take therefore improved their immune system. fresh food. Non-vegetarian food makes them They should start their day by taking water. lazy. So they should better avoid non- vegetarian food. They can take animal So start taking diet according to your protein but in very limited quantity. Dairy blood group and lead a better and healthy life. 75

BRAIN DRAIN Ms. Navreen Kaur, 1st Year (A-2014-V-40-B) Every year a large number of The question arises why our Indians go abroad for higher distinguished brains go abroad and settle studies. They qualify for highly there? What can we do to stop this one way skilled jobs and many of these highly traffic? Can’t we attract them back to their qualified persons do not return to India. home-land? These questions need to be There are about 6000 Indian scientists and considered seriously. Money, of course, is 10,000 Indian doctors in U.S.A. Then there one great cause of our loss. Young and are teachers, engineers, technicians and ambitious scholars are hurried away by the research scholars who prefer to stay on love of making a fast back. Foreign forever in the countries of Europe and Universities and firms pay much more to a America. Every year hundreds of our best deserving person than our own government. brains make frantic efforts to leave India. Moreover, the rich western countries offer job opportunities to our scientists and The migration of scientists, doctors, doctors who are unemployed and frustrated engineers and other technically qualified in their own country. persons from a developing country to a developed country for better pay or The other attraction is the question of condition emerging the places they came facilities for research work. In America the from to lose those skilled people or brains is laboratories are well equipped. Every termed as brain drain. The steady outflow of industry spends a big sum on research work. our nation’s talent is of great concern to the In India, on the other hand, the equipment is government. We are losing our trained old and out dated. Research laboratories are persons to America and other developed dens of corruption and inefficiency. All this countries without any compensation. The forces our promising young men to leave loss of India is a net gain to the countries India. India is rich in both the natural wealth who receive them. The training of a doctor and man-power. If we plan their proper and or an engineer costs nearly a hundred full use, we can make speedy progress. But thousand rupees to the nation. unfortunately we have failed in our plans. 76

We should put restrictions on foreign visits Many of our doctors and engineers even for educational purposes. What we are still not happy in foreign lands. They need is to create new jobs and open new labs feel homesick. They find themselves misfit for our promising boys and girls. It is in the free, fast and permissive society of observed to condemn them as a selfish, America. They would be willing to return to greedy or unpatriotic. Money or high India, if their talent is acknowledged. standards of living are just one temptation Sincere efforts are needed to check the brain for our professionals. The other reasons of drain. Our country must offer them brain drain are ideal conditions of work, job opportunities and jobs which they deserve. satisfaction and recognition of merit. Their talent should be duly rewarded. 77

MODERN LIFE, IMPATIENCE AND HOW TO COUNTERACT IT Ms. Navreen Kaur, 1st Year (A-2014-V-40-B) The present life, so called the  Have become pessimistic about life, modern rather ultra modern is very seeing only the ‘half empty cup’ fast and hectic. It is full of rather than the ‘half full cup’. competition corruption, a blind skill, not to  Become overvohelmed by large tasks go ahead of the others, but to leave the and lost hope and motivation to keep others behind, to chase the targets which on trying. may be, even impossible to achieve. None If you fall in this category you are certainly has time for others, even not for their impatient. But do not lose heart. There are families. Especially in big cities, both few tips to overcome impatience. husband and wife have to do job to meet the  Detachment: Learn to detach basic necessities of life, because they have yourself from situations that try your to survive, otherwise they will perish with patience. the passage of time. In this whole episode  Deep breathing: When you find the persons become mentally sick, frustrated, aggressive and impatient. Now, yourself becoming impatient, take a simply, the question arises, how to know deep breath. someone is impatient. There are some tips  Keep Life Simple: Don’t complicate from which an assessment can be made. You life by working very hard to reach are impatient if you: goals or filling it with too many activities.  Are always dissatisfied, upset and  Take to yourself: Discuss things angry at yourself. with yourself before taking to others.  Easily lose your temper and blame  Delayed Response: For yourself to others. speak slowly and softly, you will  Easily discard relationships, people, appear patient even if you are not jobs and school, whenever things are feeling it. not working out as quickly as you  Emotional awareness: Be aware of want them to. emotions like anger and anxiety. “Wishing you good luck & happy life 78

79 FIFTH YEAR B.V.Sc. & A.H. (BATCH 2010)