TỔNG HỢP 25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP SƠ ĐỒ TƯ DUY

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) C. small blue ancient lovely D. lovely small ancient blue 13. They cook a ________ meal for their children. A. delicious big traditional Vietnamese B. Vietnamese delicious big traditional C. traditional delicious big Vietnamese D. big delicious traditional Vietnamese 14. They are trying to build a house. A. four-bedroom elegant modern Italian B. modern elegant four-bedroom Italian C. Italian elegant four-bedroom modern D. elegant four-bedroom modern Italian 15. His brother presented her a ________ clock. A. oval nice Japanese digital B. nice oval digital Japanese C. digital oval Japanese nice D. digital Japanese oval nice 16. The old man owns a ________ coffee table. A. French beautiful round old B. beautiful French old round C. old round beautiful French D. beautiful old round French 17. My father has a ________ box. A. old small black Turkish B. small old Turkish black C. small old black Turkish D. small Turkish old black 18. Jack’s father bought him a(n) ________ bike as a birthday gift. A. blue Japanese expensive B. expensive Japanese blue C. Japanese expensive blue D. expensive blue Japanese 19. She is good at creating ________ paintings. A. interesting Vietnamese new square B. square Vietnamese new interesting C. Vietnamese interesting square new D. interesting square new Vietnamese 20. My mother would like to buy a ________ bag. A. big plastic blue Russian B. big Russian blue plastic C. big blue Russian plastic D. Russian plastic big blue 21.At first sight I met her. I was impressed with her . A. big beautiful round black eyes B. beautiful black big round eyes C. beautiful big round black eyes D. beautiful round big black eyes 22.This is a picture of a bus. A. red bright London B. bright red London C. London bright red D. London red bright 23.There are some pictures in this newspaper. A. white interesting computer-generated new B. computer-generated white interesting new C. interesting new white computer-generated D. new interesting computer-generated white 24.During the winter I like having a house. A. pretty small red wooden B. wooden pretty small red C. small pretty red wooden D. red wooden pretty small 25.I would like to have sports shoes to run in the park. A. grey medium leather comfortable B. comfortable medium grey leather C. comfortable leather grey medium D. medium leather comfortable grey Page 51

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 12: ARTICLES 1.Indefinite articles :A/ AN dùng trước danh từ số ít , đếm được => có nghĩa là “ một” CÁCH DÙNG MẠO TỪ A Dùng trong 1 số cụm Dùng khi tình Dùng với Dùng \"a\" trước danh từ chỉ số lượng : huống được nhắc danh từ chỉ từ bắt đầu bằng một a great number of... đến lần đầu tiên nghề nghiệp phụ âm Đứng trước một danh từ mở đầu bằng \"uni...\" (a university/ a uniform) CÁCH DÙNG MẠO TỪ AN Trước một danh từ bắt Những từ mở đầu Những danh từ bắt đầu đầu bằng: bằng một chữ viết tắt bằng \"h\" câm an heir/ 5 nguyên âm U, E, O, A, I (an S.O.S/ an M.P) hour/ herbal (Adj: thảo mộc)/ honor/ honest Page 52

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 2. Definite article :THE Dùng trước 1 danh từ đã được xác định, hoặc nhắc đến lần thứ 2 In the 1990s, in the summer, in the morning, the holiday Vật duy nhất trong vũ trụ : The earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea, the stars, the equator 1. Dùng trước tên các đại dương, sông ngòi, biển, vịnh và các hồ (ở sn) Ex: The Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gufl, the Great Lakes, the Netherlands ( Hà Lan ) 2. Trước tên các dãy núi Ex: The Hoang Lien Son Mountains 3. Trước tên các nước có hai từ trở lên (ngoại trừ Great Britain) Ex: The United States, The United Kingdom CÓ THE 4. Trước tên các nước được coi là một quần đảo hoặc một quần đảo Ex: The Philipines, The Hawaii 5. The + tên vùng nổi tiếng Ex: The Sahara dessert Nhạc cụ: play the piano , play the violin, on the radio Các lực lượng: the army, the police The + schools, the colleges, the universities + of + danh từ riêng Ex: The University of Florida - So sánh nhất - The + adj = Ns - The + số thứ tự + N Ex: The third chapter - The + tên họ số nhiều Ex: The Smiths Page 53

KHÔNG Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) THE in 2000, in June, On Friday, at night, during Christmas Trước các danh từ trừu tượng Ex: freedom, happiness, independence, honesty 1. Trước tên một hồ : Ex: Hoang Kiem lake 2. Trước tên một ngọn núi : Ex: Mount Vesuvius 3.Trước tên các nước có 1 từ: Ex: Laos, Vietnam 4.trước tên các nước bắt đầu bằng “New” hoặc chỉ hướng Ex: New Zealand, North Korean 5. Trước tên hành tinh, chòm sao Ex: Venus. Mars 6.Tỉnh, thành phố, quận , huyện Môn thể thao: play football, play sports, play music Trước tên các môn học: physics, maths On foot, by bus, by car - N đi với số đếm: chapter three - bữa ăn , món ăn : breakfast, dinner, lunch, rice, fish. - màu sắc, vật liệu Ex: red, white, steel, iron - Các loại bệnh : Cold - Khi DT có tính từ hoặc đại từ sở hữu Page 54

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 1. John is most hard-working student I’ve ever known. D. an A. the B. Ø C. a Question 2. We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to nature. A. a B. the C. an D. Ø Question 3. The pace of life is much slower in the country than in the city. A. an B. a C. Ø D. the Question 4. I have left my book in kitchen and I would like you to get it for me. A. the B. a C. Ø D. an Question 5. Reports are coming in of a major oil spill in Mediterranean. A. an B. Ø C. the D. a Question 6. Is it acceptable to touch person on shoulder in a conversation? A. a – the B. the – a C. the – the D. a - a Question 7. I won’t be home for dinner this evening. I’m meeting some friends after work and we’re going to cinema. C. Ø - Ø- the D. Ø – the -the A. Ø – the- Ø B. The - Ø- Ø Question 8. My brother hopes to travel around the world next summer. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø Question 9. Our planned visit to United Kingdom fell through because we were unable to get the visas. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø Question 10. Of all the world’s major oceans, Arctic Ocean is the shallowest. C. a D. Ø A. an B. the Question 11. A recent survey has shown that increasing number of men are willing to share the housework with their wives. A. a B. an C. the D. some Question 12. Housewives find it easier to do domestic chores thanks to invention of labor- saving devices. A. the B. a C. an D. some Question 13. First our team should identify specific need in the community and then carry out a project to address that need. A. an B. Ø C. a D. the Question 14. When I leave school, I plan to go to university. D. Ø A. a B. an C. the Question 15. -- tennis is my favorite sport. I play once or twice week if I can, but I’m D. Ø – a -a not very good player. A. A – Ø- the B. Ø – a- the C. Ø – the- a Question 16. A dictionary is important tool in learning language. A. the B. an C. a D. Ø Question 17. Last night there was bird singing outside my house. D. the A. a B. Ø C. an Question 18. James visited State Hermitage Museum, famous tourist attraction in St. Petersburg. C. a - the D. the - a A. Ø - the B. Ø - a Page 55

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Question 19. One third of world’s population consumes two thirds of _______world’s sources. B. the - Ø C. the - the D. the - a A. a - the Question 20. Human beings are greatest threat to the survival of endangered species. A. Ø B. an C. the D. a Question 21: We called an ambulance as soon as we realised that he seemed to be having _____heart attack. A. a B. an C. the D. no article Question22: According to FAO, Vietnam is second largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil. D. Ø A. an B. a C. the Question23: university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees. B. An C. The D. Some A. A Question 24: The excursion is unique opportunity to discover wild in its natural beauty. A. an – Ø B. a – the C. the – the D. an – the Question 25: colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. A. Ø - Ø B. The - Ø C. The – the D. Ø – the Question 26: Africa has always had a large migratory population because of war and famine. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø Question 27: The man grew up in orphanage in UnitedKingdom. A. the/ an B. an/ the C. an/ an D. the/ Ø Question 28: “Did you have nice holiday?” – “Yes, it was best holiday I have ever had.” A. a – the B. the – the C. the – a D. a – a Question 29: She is a very talented girl. You should listen to her playing violin. A. a B. the C. Ø D. an Question 30: Being Life's only black photographer put him in unusual position when Parks set out to cover the civil rights movement. D. an/an A. Ø/an B. the/ an C. Ø / the Question 31: There are two cars in the yard, a yellow car and a blue one. My car is yellow one. A. a B. x C. an D. the Question 32: Reports are coming in of a major oil spillin _ Mediterranean. A. a B. the C. an D. Ø Question 33: More and more investors are pouring money into food and beverage start- ups. A. an B. the C. a D. Ø Question 34: Whatever weexpect from _ future, it is noted that progress has never moved in straight lines. A. a B. an C. the D. some Question 35: DonaldTrump is President of ________United States. A. the/ the B. a/ 0 C. the/ 0 D. the/ an Page 56

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 13: WORD FORMATION A. CÁCH CẤU TẠO CỦA TỪ Ví dụ I. Cách cấu tạo của danh từ develop (v) + ment = development (n): sự phát triển STT Quy tắc entertain (v) + ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự 1 V + ment →N perform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự biểu diễn invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh 2 V + ance →N inform (v) + ion = information (n): thông tin marry (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân 3 V + ion/ation →N carry (v) + age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hoá, xe ngựa survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót 4 V + age →N arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học 5 V + al →N train (v) + ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo work (v) + er = worker (n): công nhân 6 V + ing →N employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên 7 V + er ^ N act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn 8 V + or N assist (v) + ant = assistant (n): trợ lí depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc 9 V + ress →N employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn 10 V + ant →N know (v) + ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức type (v) + ist = typist (n): người đánh máy 11 V + ee →N lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc 12 V + ledge →N rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có 13 V + ist →N polite (a) + ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự 14 V + ar →N able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực 15 V + ence →N responsible (a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm 16 Adj + ness →N honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn 17 Adj + ity →N short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt 18 Adj + y →N proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo 19 Adj + ty →N free (a) + doom = freedom (n): sự tự do 20 Adj + age →N social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội 21 Adj + cy →N terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố 22 Adj + dom →N 23 Adj + ism →N warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nở wide (a) + th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang N1 + ism →N2 24 Adj + th →N Page 57

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 25 N1 + hood →N2 child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận 26 N1 + ship →N2 friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn member (n) + ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên II. Cách cấu tạo của động từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng 1 Adj + en →V short (a) + en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn en + rich (a) = enrich (v): làm giàu 2 En + Adj →V en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra 3 N + en →V social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hoá, hoà nhập 4 Adj + ise/ize →V industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hoá beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp 5 N + fy →V Ví dụ III. Cách cấu tạo của tính từ STT Quy tắc 1 N + ly →Adj friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiện love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu 2 N + fill →Adj care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công 3 N + less →Adj home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng 4 N + ic →Adj economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tế history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử 5 N + able →Adj reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái 6 N + ous →Adj danger (n) + ous = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm industry (n) + ous = industrious (a): chăm chỉ 7 N + some →Adj trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai 8 N + al →Adj nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên 9 N + ing/ed →Adj interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán 10 N + ern = Adj west (n) + ern = western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tây south (n) + ern = southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam 11 N + y = Adj rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng 12 N + ible = Adj response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc 13 V + ent →Adj 14 V + ive →Adj impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v) + ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo N + ive →Adj expense (n) + ive = expensive (a):.đắt 15 N + like →Adj child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh Page 58

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 16 N + ish →Adj fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ IV. Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ Ví dụ STT Quy tắc slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng 1 Adj + ly →Adv * Lưu ý: Ví dụ STT Quy tắc like + ly = likely (a) quick + ly = quickly (adv) 1 N + ly →Adj Adj+ ly →Adv arrive + al = arrival (n) nation + al = national (a) 2 V + al = N teach + ing = teaching (n) N + al = Adj bore + ing = boring (a) honest + y = honesty (n) 3 V + ing = N N + ing= Adj wind + y = windy (a) 4 Adj + y = N N + y = Adj - Fast vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ. Do đó, không có dạng \"fastly\". - Hard (chăm chỉ, vất vả, cực nhọc) vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ. + Hardly mang nghĩa là hiếm khi, hầu như không chứ không mang nghĩa là chăm chỉ, vất vả. - Trạng từ của tính từ \"good\" là từ \"well\". Do đó, không có dạng \"goodly\". Vị trí từ loại trong cấu trúc câu 1. Noun = N ( Danh từ ) 2 . Adj ( Tính từ ) - Sau Adj + N - Trước N - Sau giới từ ( in, on.. from, at , with..) + N - Sau be / look / feel / seem / make / become / find/ get / - Sau tính từ sở hữu ( my/ your/ their/ keep his / her..) + N - Sau Trạng từ - a / an + adj + N - Sau too (be + too + adj) - The + N - Trước enough (be + adj + enough) - This / That + Nit - Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that - These / Those + Ns - A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my,... - One of ……+ N số nhiều + (Adj) + Noun . - Trước V làm chủ từ trong câu Trong câu cảm thán: - Sau enough (enough + N) - How + adj + S + V! - What + (a/an) + adj + N! 3 . Verb = V ( Động từ ) 4. Adv ( Trạng từ ) - S + V ( chia theo thì ) - Sau Vthường ( S + V thường + Adv) - Trước Adj - Adv, S + V (Đầu câu hoặc trước dẩu phẩy) - Be + adv + V3 / Ved - S + trợ động từ + adv + V ✓ Xem phía sau khoảng trống nếu là N thì ta dùng Adj ✓ Be + adj ✓ V thường + Adv ✓ Áp dụng tiếp các trường hợp còn lại Page 59

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 2. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done. d. irresponsible a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly 3. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially 4. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage. a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize 5. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation. d. impoliteness a. polite b. politely c. politeness 6. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency. a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative 7. He was the only _______ that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying 8. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments. a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically 9. _______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis. d. Unemployed a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ 10._______! I have heard of your success in the new project. a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations 11.A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment 12.Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____. a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly 13.They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter. a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply 14.The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______. a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization 15.The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition. a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider 16.Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country. a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully 17.The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers. a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively 18.He was so _______ that he could not even say a word. a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously 19.I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves. a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly 20.Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities. a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize 21.Are there any between Vietnamese and American culture? A. differences B. different C. differently D. differential Page 60

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 22.Some people are concerned with physical when choosing a wife or husband. A. attractive B. attraction C. attractiveness D. attractively 23.What could be more than a wedding on a tropical island? A. romance B. romantic C. romanticize D. romanticism 24.In my hometown, many people still believe in marriage. A. contract B. contractual C. contracts D. contracting 25.Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's until the end. A. attentive B. attention C. attentively D. attentional 26.Both Asian and Western students seem about how to answer the questionnaire of the survey. A. confusedly B. confused C. confusing D. confusion 27.She was unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background. B. completed D. completely A. complete C. completing 28.They started, as gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years. A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality 29.Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and _______ A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator 30.There is a wide range of_________in the education system of the USA. A. select B. selective C. selected D. selection Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. He is not very________of his son’s passion for loud music. A. tolerated B. tolerable C. tolerant D. tolerantly 2. Swimming produces both________and physical benefits. A. psychology B. psychological C. psychologist D. psychologically 3. If you say you are using a word________, you mean you are choosing it after thinking about it very carefully. A. advisor B. advisedly C. advisory D. advice 4. Nguyen Thi Anh Vien is a Vietnamese Olympian and ________ record-holder for swimming. A. nation B. international C. nationality D. national 5. In order to avoid boredom, the most important thing is to keep oneself________. A. occupied B. occupation C. occupant D. occupational 6. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe________. A. punishing B. punish C. punishable D. punishment 7. The new song has________been selected for Euro 2016. A. officially B. official C. office D. officer 8. Many species of plants and animals are in________of extinction. A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously 9. The wedding day was________chosen by the parents of the groom. A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly 10. To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age,________and salary. A. many B. married C. marrying D. marriage 11. Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural________, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment. A. developing B. developer C. development D. developed Page 61

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 12. ________have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made. A. Research B. Researchers C. Researches D. Researching 13. The country’s economy relies heavily on the tourist________. A. industry B. industrial C. industrialize D. industrious 14. Some people believe that books are ________ species, fighting for survival in competition with TV, film, the Internet and CD. A. danger B. dangerous C. endangered D. dangerously 15. These quick and easy________can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost. A. solve B. solvable C. solutions D. solvability 16. The problem of________among young people is hard to solve. A. employment B. employers C. employees D. unemployment 17. Our professor________said we should turn in the assignment on Friday. A. specific B. specifically C. specifying D. specifyingly 18. In the past people believed that women’s________roles were as mothers and wives. A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist 19. Although David was________after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores. A. exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhausting D. exhaustive 20. This is very________! Can’t you practice your violin somewhere else? A. convenient B. conveniently C. inconvenient D. convenience 21. How many means of________do you use on a regular basis? A. communication B. communicating C. communicator D. communicative 22. If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more________advanced than we are? A. technological B. technologically C. technology D. technologies 23. The old astronomer patiently made his________and wrote down what he saw. A. observation B. observatory C. observe D. observer 24. The more________you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer. A. confine B. confident C. confidently D. confidence 25. The choir stood in four rows according to their________heights. A. respected B. respective C. respectable D. respectful 26. Many twelfth graders find it hard to________what university to apply to. A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively 27. I think mobile phones are________for people of all ages. A. usage B. use C. usefully D. useful 28. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely_______. A. imaginary B. imaginative C. imagining D. imaginable 29. The firefighters’ single-minded devotion to the rescue of the victims of the fire was _______. A. respecting B. respective C. respectful D. respectable 30. Since________has been so poor, the class has been closed. A. attendance B. attendant C. attending D. attendee 31. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on________. A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically 32. They are always________of what their children do. A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supportively 33. It is not always easy to make a good________at the last minute. Page 62

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively 34. Cultural ______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift. A. differences B. different C. differently D. Differ 35. Travelling to________countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things. A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different 36. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new________. A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete 37. In Vietnam, children begin their primary________at the age of six. A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education 38. Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they________young people and motivate them to read. A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. attractive 39. The success of the company in such a________market is remarkable. A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. competition 40. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is________to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures. A. usefully B. use C. usefulness D. useful 41. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their________. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively 42. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good________on job interviewers. A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive 43. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our________of the world A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know 44. Susan has achieved great________in her career thanks to her hard work. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully 45. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their________skills. A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize 46. You should turn off the lights before going out to save________. A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically 47. The study also found that social networks allow US to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide________of backgrounds. A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously 48. Laura came to________me for taking care of her dog when she was away. A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. thankful 49. The candidates took a________breath before he walked into the interview room. A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. depth 50. With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite________with the students. A. popularly B. popular C. popularise D. popularity Page 63

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 14:EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY • Thường nằm trong phần gap filling Cách dùng MANY MUCH Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là - MANY = a large number of/a MUCH = a great deal of/a large amount “NHIỀU” great many/ a majority of/ a of... wide variety of/ a wide range of - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. MANY + MUCH = A lot of/lots of/plenty of/a (large) quantity of (Dùng với cả danh từ cả đếm được và không đếm được). Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là A FEW A LITTLE “MỘT ÍT” - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là FEW LITTLE “HẦU NHƯ KHÔNG/ RẤT - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. ÍT” Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là SOME ANY “MỘT VÀI” - Dùng trong câu khẳng định và - Dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn và trong câu nghi vấn khi mang ý dùng trong câu khẳng định khi nó mang ý mời/đề nghị. nghĩa là “bất cứ”. Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là ALL BOTH “TẤT CẢ” - Dùng để chỉ từ ba người/vật - Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật (cả hai). (tất cả) trở lên. Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là NONE NEITHER/EITHER “KHÔNG” - Dùng để chỉ từ ba người/vật - Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật đều trở lên đều không. không. Trong đó: + Neither: dùng trong câu khẳng định. + Either: dùng trong câu phủ định. Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là MOST MOST OF “HẦU HẾT” Most + N = most of + the/tính từ sở hữu + N Most people Most of the Vietnamese people Lưu ý: MOSTLY (chủ yếu là): dùng như một trạng từ ALMOST (gần như): dùng như một trạng từ bổ trợ cho động từ, tính từ, danh từ. Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là EACH EVERY “MỖl/MỌI” EACH/EVERY: dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “CÁI KHÁC/NGƯỜI - Dùng với danh từ số nhiều khi có số lượng cụ thể. KHÁC” OTHER ANOTHER - Other + danh từ không đếm - Another + danh từ số ít được. - Another + one - Other + danh từ số nhiều - Another + số đếm + danh từ số nhiều - Other + ones - Another được sử dụng như đại từ Page 64

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) - Others được sử dụng như đại từ. Lưu ý: Phân biệt “other” và “others”: - Theo sau “other” thường là một danh từ hoặc đại từ. - Mặt khác “others”, bản thân nó là một đại từ và theo sau nó không có bất kì một danh từ nào cả. Sự khác nhau giữa THE OTHER - THE OTHERS: - The other: cái còn lại trong hai cái, hoặc người còn lại trong hai người,... - The others: những cái còn lại hoặc những người còn lại trong một nhóm có nhiều thứ hoặc nhiều người. PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. I’m afraid we no longer sell that model of laptop because we had ________ a lot of complaints. A. so B. such C. enough D. too 2. There was hardly ________ money left in the bank account. A. no more B. some C. no D. any 3. Gardeners transplant bushes and flowers by moving them from one place to ________. A. other B. others C. another D. each other 4. In developed world, there are not ________ jobs left which don’t use computers to carry out many daily tasks. A. some B. any C. none D. much. 5. She spent ________ her free time watching TV. A. a few B. most of C. a lot D. most 6. Unfortunately, we've made ________ A. little progress B. a few progresses C. little progresses D. few progress 7. ________ students in our class is 45. A. A large amount of B. A lot of C. A number of D. The number of 8. The two cars for sale were in poor condition, so I didn't buy ________ A. neither of them B. either of them C. each of them D. none of them 9. The pair of jeans I bought for my son didn't fit him, so I went to the store and asked for ________ A. the other ones B. others ones C. another pair D. another jeans 10. This winter wasn't ________ as difficult as last winter. A. almost B. nearly C. closely D. just 11. If you book in advance you will ________ certainly have a better table at our restaurant. A. mostly B. almost C. most D. the most Page 65

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 12. Our village had ________ money available for education that the schools had to close. A. so little B. such little C. so much D. such much 13. I had a red pen but I seem to have lost it; I think I'd better buy ________ one. A. the other B. another C. others D. the 14. ________ companies have announced economic losses recently. A. A large number of B. A several of C. A great deal of D. Plenty of the 15. In life, ________ can make a mistake; we're all human. A. anyone B. someone C. some people D. not anybody 16. Peter has been studying for almost three years and he will have this degree and return to his country in ________ six months. A. others B. the other C. other D. another 17. John contributed fifty dollars, but ho wishes he could contribute ________. A. more fifty dollars B. one other fifty dollars C. the same amount also D. another fifty 18. In the United States, ________ the states but Hawaii is an island. A. all of B. neither of C. none of D. no of 19. ________ of transportation has given someone the idea for a new type of toy. A Mostly forms B. Most every form C. Almost forms D. Almost every form 20. Joanne has only one eye, she lost ________ A. other B. other ones C. another one D. the other 21. ________ her fiction describes women in unhappy marriages. A. Many of B. A large number of C. A great volume of D. Much of 22. Is there ________ at all I can help? A. everything B. anything C. something D. one thing 23. John paid $2 for his meal, ________ he had thought it would cost. A. not as much B. not so much as C. less as D. not so many as 24. He has ________ money in the bank. A. a large number of B. lot of C. a lots of D. a lot of 25. Nuclear engines operate without air and consume ________ fuel than other engines do. A. much less B. much fewer C. a lot higher D. far more 26. Only three of students in my class are girls, ________ are all boys. A. the other B. others C. other student D. the others 27. Researchers have discovered 2,000 types of new plants but also say ________ are at risk. A. many B. much C. the other D. variety 28. There is too ________ bad news on TV tonight. A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 29. He bought three shirts; one for him and ________ for his children. A. others B. the other C. another D. the others 30. ________ study hard before an examination. A. Most the students B. Most of the students C. Most of students D. Almost students Page 66

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 15: PASSIVE VOICES A. LÍ THUYẾT Câu bị động là loại câu được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào bản thân một hành động, chủ thể thực hiện hành động hay tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là ai hay vật gì đó không quá quan trọng. Điều kiện để có thể biến đổi một câu từ chủ động sang câu bị động là động từ trong câu chủ động phải là ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb). Ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb) là gì? Nội động từ (Intransitive Verb) là gì? Ngoại động từ diễn tả hành động tác động trực Nội động từ diễn tả hành động dừng lại với tiếp lên người hoặc vật, nó luôn được theo sau người nói hay người thực hiện nó. Nội động từ bởi một tân ngữ. Nếu thiếu tân ngữ, câu sẽ không không cần có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi kèm theo. Nếu hoàn chỉnh. có tân ngữ thì phải có giới từ đi trước; tân ngữ Ví dụ:He bought a bunch of flowers. (Anh ta mua này được gọi là tân ngữ của giới từ một bó hoa hồng.) (prepositional object), không phải là tân ngữ (Ngoại động từ luôn cần thêm yếu tố bên ngoài là trực tiếp. một danh từ hay đại từ theo sau để hoàn tất Ví dụ:He has just left. (Anh ta vừa đi rồi.) nghĩa của câu. Trong câu trên, chúng ta không We were at home last night. (Chúng tôi ở nhà tối thể nói \"He bought” rồi ngừng lại. Danh từ đi qua.) theo ngay sau ngoại động từ được gọi là tân ngữ.) Ngoại động từ có dạng: S + V + O…. Nội động từ có dạng : S + V/ S + V + A 1.Quy tắc chuyển đổi từ chủ động sang bị động: Để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, cần nắm chắc các bước chuyển sau: + Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động (tân ngữ đứng sau động từ chính của câu). + Bước 2: Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động. + Bước 3: Động từ ở câu bị động chia giống thì với động từ ở câu chủ động, theo công thức (BE + VP2). + Bước 4: Đặt \"by\" trước chủ ngữ của câu chủ động rồi đặt chúng xuống cuối câu bị động hoặc trước trạng từ thời gian. SV O S V(be + V3/ed) (by +O) + Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, ... thì được bỏ đi trong câu bị động. + Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she thì có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động. + Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng \"by\" nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng \"with\". Page 67

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 2.Bảng công thức các thì ở thể bị động: TENSES ACTIVE VOICES PASSIVE VOICES 1. Present simple tense S + Vs/es S + am/is/are + V3/ed (hiện tại đơn) S + Ved/2 S + was/were + V3/ed 2. Past simple tense (quá khứ đơn) S + am/is/are + V-ing S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed 3. Present continuous tense S + was/were + V-ing (hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + was/were + being + S + have/has + V3/ed V3/ed 4. Past continuous tense (quá khứ tiếp diễn) S + had + V3/ed S + have/has + been + V3/ed 5. Present perfect tense S + Will + V(bare) S+ had + been + V3/ed (hiện tại hoàn thành) S + am/is/are + going to + S + will + be + V3/ed 6. Past perfect tense V(bare) (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + am/is/are + going to + be S +modal verbs + V(bare) + V3/ed 7. Simple future tense (tương lai đơn) S +modal verbs + be + V3/ed 8. near future tense (tương lai gần) 9. Modal verbs (động từ khuyết thiếu) SPECIAL FORMS: ( DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT ) 1. BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÂU HỎI Để chuyển từ câu chủ động sarag câu bị động của câu hỏi, ta làm theo các bước sau: - Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định. Ví dụ:Did you buy the shirt two days ago? →You bought the shirt two days ago. - Bước 2: Chuyển câu khẳng định trên sang câu bị động. Ví dụ:You bought the shirt two days ago. →The shirt was bought two days ago. - Bước 3: Chuyển câu bị động trên về dạng nghi vấn bằng cách chuyển từ ngay sau chủ ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ:The shirt was bought two days ago. →Was the shirt bought two days ago? 2.BỊ ĐỘNG KÉP VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ QUAN ĐIỂM Active( chủ động) Passive ( bị động) S1 + V1 + (that) + S2 + V2 C1: It+be(thì của V1)+ V3/ed( V1)+ that+S2+ V2 C2: (Know/think/Believe/report/say) To V ( cùng Thì) S2+be(thì của V1)+V3/ed( V1)+ To + have + V3/ed (#thì) Ex: They think that she is innocent => It is thought that she is innocent => She is thought to be innocent Ex:The rumored he was living there => It was rumored thet he was living there => He was rumored to be living there Page 68

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Gợi ý các nhóm cùng bậc thì và khác bậc thì Khác thì Cùng Thì HTĐ-QKĐ HTĐ-HTĐ HTĐ-HTTD HTĐ-HTHT HTĐ-TLĐ QKĐ-QKHT QKĐ-QKĐ QKĐ-QKTD Hoặc hiểu cách chính xác hơn -Nếu hành động ở mệnh đề 2 xảy ra trước hành động trong mệnh đề nhất ta dùng : to have + V3/ed -Nếu hành động ở mệnh đề 2 xảy ra đồng thời với hành động trong mệnh đề nhất Ta dùng : to + V1 -Nếu hành động ở mệnh đề 2 xảy ra sau hành động trong mệnh đề nhất 3.BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI TO-V/V-ING Bị động của động từ TO V a. S + V + TO + V + O Câu chủ động: S+V + TO + V + O Câu bị động: →S + V + TO BE + VP2 They began to plant rubber trees long ago. →Rubber trees began to be planted long ago. b. S + V+O1 + TO + V + O2 * Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau: Câu chủ động: S + V + O1 + TO + V + O2 Câu bị động: →S + V + TO BE + VP2 + BY + O1 He expected his family to pick him up at the airport. →He expected to be picked up at the airport by his family. Nếu S  O2 thì ta có công thức sau: Câu chủ động: S+V+O1 + TO + V + O2 Câu bị động: →S + V + O2+ TO BE + VP2 + BY + O1 He expected someone to repair his computer. →He expected his computer to be repaired. Bị động của V-ING a. Nếu S= O2 thì ta có công thức sau: Câu chủ động: S + V + O1 + V-ING + O2 Câu bị động: →S + V + BEING + VP2 + BY + O1 He likes people speaking well of him. →He likes being spoken well of. b. Nếu S  O2 thì ta có công thức sau: Câu chủ động: S + V + O1 + V-ING + O2 Câu bị động: →S + V + O2+ BEING + VP2 + BY + O1 He hates non-professional people criticizing his work. →He hates his work being criticized by non-professional people. Page 69

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 4.CAUSATIVE ( THỂ NHỜ BẢO )Have / has / had / Get / got Khi diễn tả một hành động mà chúng ta không tự làm lấy, mà để người khác làm, chúng ta dùng cấu trúc: Dạng chủ động: S + HAVE + SB + V(bare) or S + GET + SB + TO V(bare) Dạng bi đông: S + HAVE/GET + ST + VP2 - The painter finished my father's portrait yesterday. →My father had the painter finish his portrait yesterday. →My father had his portrait finished by the painter yesterday. 5.BỊ ĐỘNG CHỈ GIÁC QUAN( see/hear/smell/feel/taste/watch/notice/make/help….) a. Dạng 1 Câu chủ động: S + V + O + V(bare) Câu bị động: →S + be + Vp2 + to + V(bare) I saw him pass my house. →He was seen to pass my house. b. Dạng 2 Câu chủ động: S + V + O + V -ing Câu bị động: →S + be + Vp2 + V -ing I saw him passing my house. →He was seen passing my house. 6.BỊ ĐỘNG 2 TÂN NGỮ Active : S + V + O1 + O2 Ex:The student gave me a book Passive : S + be + V3/ed + O2 + (by O) => I was given a book by the student Passive : S + be + V3/ed + to/for + O1 + ( by O) => A book was given to me by the student Notes:Các động từ thường đi với giới từ “to”give/hand/lend/offer/send/show/pay/promise/read/throw/wish/owe……… “for” : buy/do/get/leave/make/order/save/spare…………. 7. CÂU MỆNH LỆNH Câu chủ động: V/DONT’T + V + O Câu bị động: →S + SHOULD/ MUST + (NOT) + BE + VP2 LET/DONT’T LET + O + BE + VP2 8.MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC BỊ ĐỘNG a. Bị động với cấu trúc câu \"It's one's duty to V\" (bổn phận là) Câu chủ động: IT'S + ONE'S DUTY + TO + V Câu bị động: →S + BE + SUPPOSED + TO + V Ví dụ:It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean. →Everyone is supposed to keep the environment dean. b. Bị động với cấu trúc câu 'It's (im)possible to V' (không/có thể làm gì) Câu chủ động: IT + IS / WAS + (IM)POSSIBLE + TO + V + O Câu bị động: →S + CAN/COULD + (NOT) + BE + VP2 Ví dụ:It is possible to type the letter now. Page 70

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) →The letter can be typed now. It was impossible to start the machine by electricity then. →The machine couldn't be started by electricity then c. Bị động với 7 động từ đặc biệt Các động từ: suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend. Công thức: Câu chủ động:S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + S + V(bare) + O Câu bị động:It +(be) + suggested/ recommended/ ordered/ required…+that+O+should+be +Vp2 Ví dụ:He suggested that we organize a warm party. →It was suggested that a warm party should be organized. d. Bị động của động từ NEED Công thức: Câu chủ động: Sb + need + to V Câu bị động: St + need + V-ing = St + need + to be + Vp2 Ví dụ:She needs to type the report →The report needs typing/to be typed. PRACTISES 1. Someone has just cleaned the floor. B. The floor has been just cleaned A. The floor has just been cleaned C. The floor is said to be cleaned. D. All are correct. 2. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car. A. The man is believed to be escaped in a stolen car. B. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car. C. The man was believed to have escaped in a stolen car. D. They believed that the man escaped in a stolen car. 3. “It was thought that the building had been destroyed” means _____. A. The building was thought had been destroyed. B. The building was thought to have been destroyed. C. The building thought to be destroyed. D. They have destroyed the building. 4. People say that he killed his wife C. he said that he killed his wife A. he is said that he killed his wife B. people are said that he killed his wife D. he is said to have killed his wife 5. They didn’t invite me to the party. C. I didn’t invited to the party. A. I wasn’t invite to the party. B. I wasn’t invited to the party. D. I was invited to the party. 6. They are painting the kitchen now. B-The kitchen is painting now. A-The kitchen is being painted now. C-The kitchen is painted now. D-The kitchen being painted now. 7. Tom bought that book yesterday. B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom. A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday. C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book was bought yesterday. Page 71

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 8. People don’t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used. C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used. 9. Mr. Pike is repairing the refrigerator at the moment A. The refrigerator is being repaired at the moment by Mr. Pike B. The refrigerator repaired by Mr. Pike at the moment C. The refrigerator is being repaired by Mr. Pike at the moment D. The refrigerator is being repairing by Mr. Pike at the moment 10.People have discovered a new source of energy A. A new source of energy has discovered B. A new source of energy was discovered C. A new source of energy has been discovered D. A new source of energy has be discovered 11. “They are going to build a supermarket in this area” can be written as: ………………….. A. A supermarket is going to be built in this area B. A supermarket are built in this area C. A supermarket in this area is going to be built. D. This area is going to build a supermarket in 12. They have changed the date of the meeting. A. The date of the meeting has been changed. B. The date of the meeting has been changed by them. C. The meeting has been changed the date. D. The date of the meeting has changed. 13. Somebody will call Mr. Watson tonight. A. Mr. Watson will call somebody tonight. B. Mr. Watson will be call tonight. C. Mr. Watson tonight will call somebody. D. Mr. Watson will be called tonight. 14. People think that Steve stole the money. A. Steve is thought to have stolen the money. B. It was thought that Steve stole the money. C. People are thought that Steve stole the money. D. People think that the money is stolen. 15. We are going to _____________________. A. have our house be decorated B. get our house being redecorated C. have our house redecorated D. have our house to be decorated 16. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number. A. It was believed that 13 is an unlucky number. C. 13 is believed an unlucky number. B. That 13 is an unlucky number is believed. D. It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number 17. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car. A. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. B. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car. C. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. D. They believed that the man stole the car. 18. People have translated this book into many languages . a. This book have translated into many languages . b. This book has been translate by people into many languages . c. This book was translated into many languages . d. This book has been translated into many languages . Page 72

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1.I'll have the boys______ the chairs. c. painted a. paint b. to paint d. painting 2.Have these flowers______ to her office, please. c. take d. to take a. taken b. taking 3.Lisa had the roof______ yesterday. c. to repair a. repair b. repaired d. repairing 4.The students got the librarian______ books for them. a. buy b. to buy c. bought d. buying 5.He had a portrait _____ as a birthday present for his daughter. A. painting B. paint C. painted D. to be painted 6.Her watch needs _______. A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B 7.His car needs _________ A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 8.We got our mail ______ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver 9.Your house needs _________. A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate 10.I’ll get Minh _________ this for you. A. do B. done C. did D. to do 11.That book _________ by a famous author. C. is writing D. has written A. wrote B. was written 12.Food______________ direct to the market by trucks. A. delivered B. deliver C. can be delivered D. delivers 13.The house has_______________ after the fire. C. to be rebuild D. rebuilt A. to rebuild B. to be rebuilt 14.All the homework_____________ at home. A. should do B. should done C. should be done D. should be doing 15.The application form______________ to the university before May 31st. A. must send B. sent C. must be send D. must be sent 16.Traffic rules____________ strictly. A. followed B. must followed C. must be followed D. must follow 17.Today, many serious childhood diseases_________by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 18.We're late. The film_________by the time we get to the cinema. A. will already start B. will be already started C. will already have started D. will be starting 19.I still can not believe it. My bicycle _________ some minutes ago. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 20.Many U.S automobiles _________ in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 21.Dynamite _________ by Alfred Bernard Nobel. A. have been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented 22.It_________that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected 23.My shirt _________by my sister on my last birthday. Page 73

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. gave B. was given C. had been given D. was being given 24.The castle_________in the 16th century. A. built B. has built C. was built D. had built 25.A lot of pesticide residue can_______ unwashed produce. A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found 26.This tree _________ by our grandfather over 40 years ago. A. grew B. has grown C. is grown D. was grown 27.The story I’ve just read______Agatha Christie. A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by 28.Gold________ in California in the 19th century. D. they discover A. was discovered B. has been discoveredC. was discover 29.Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony ________ next weekend D. will have A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing perform 30.___________ yet? B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. A. Have the letters been typed Had the letters typed 31.The windows _______yesterday. A. were cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleaned D. had cleaned 32.The house ____six decades ago. A. was built B. was building C. will be built D. was to be built 33.It is _________ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting 34.He was said _________ this building. A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed 35.Some film stars_________ difficult to work with. C. say to be A. are said be B. are said to be D. said to be 36.It _________ that learning English is easy. C. is said D. is sayed A. are said B. said 37.John ........a respectful and obedient student. a. said to be b. is said c. is said being d. is said to be 38.It ..........it is parents’ responsibility to take good care of their children. a. commonly says that b. commonly to be said that c. is commonly said that d. is commonly saying 39.More than ten victims ......... missing in the storm last week a. are reported to be b. are reported to have been c. are reporting to have been d. are reporting to be 40.It .......... that learning a foreign language ............ a lot of time. a. says/ is take b. is saying / has been taken c. is said/ takes d. was said/ was taken Page 74

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 16: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHS A.TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES LOẠI 1 If + S + V-hiện tại đơn,S + will/can + ( not) + V1 (is/am/are/V/Vs/es) Đảo ngữ (not đặt sau chủ từ) Should + S + V, S + will/can + ( not) + V1 LOẠI 2 If + S + V-quá khứ đơn),S +would/could +(not) + V1 (were/V2/ed) CÁC LOẠI CÂU Đảo ngữ ĐIỀU Were + S, S +would/could +(not) + V1 KIỆN (not đặt sau chủ từ) LOẠI 3 Were + S + to V1, S +would/could +(not) + V1 If + S + had (not) + V3/ed,S + would/could + have +V3/ed Đảo ngữ Had + S + V3/ed,S + would/could + have +V3/ed LOẠI HỔN HỢP If + S +had (not) + V3/ed,S + would/could + V1 If + S + V ( quá khứ đơn ),S + would/could + have + Vp2 Page 75

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) B.MỘT SỐ CÁCH DIỄN ĐẠT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÁC 1. OTHERWISE: NẾU KHÔNG THÌ Ex: My teacher helped me. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. ( L3 ) 2. Without : Nếu không Ex: Without the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit ( L2 ). 3 . BUT FOR = WITHOUT Ex: But for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit ( L2 ). 4. UNLESS = IF…… NOT = TRỪ KHI, NẾU KHÔNG Ex: Don’t call me unless you need help.( L1 ) 5 . Provided that/ supposing that = if (I, II)= Nếu như, cho rằng là. 6 . As long as/ So long as: miễn là, với điều kiện là 7. Or / or else= nếu không thì... Ex: Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school. 8. In case + clause: phòng khi Ex: Bring umbrella in case it rains In case of + Noun: trong trường hợp Ex: In case of emergency, call 115. Các trường hợp sau viết câu luôn viết bằng câu điều kiện loại 1 1/Câu mệnh lệnh + “or” + mệnh đề => “or” = “ not” V1 + O …………….or + S + will + V1 => If you + don’t + V1 ,S + will + V1 Ex: Keep silent or you will go aways => If you don’t keep silent,you will go aways 2/Câu mệnh lệnh + “and” + mệnh đề => If you + V1 ,S + will not + V1 Ex: Crash my car and I will never forgive you=> If you crash my car ,I will never forgive you WISH = IF ONLY TYPE FORM MARKET 1/Future wish(điều ước ở tương lai) S + wish + S + would / could + V Tomorrow ,next,in the future Ex: I wish I would go with you 2/Present wish( điều tomorrow. ước không có thật ở hiện tại ) S + wish + S + V2/ Ved/were Now,right now,at present,at the 3/Past wish (điều ước moment,at once,today không có thật ở quá khứ Ex:I wish I were on the beach now S + wish + S + had + V3/ed Yesterday/last/in the past Ex:He wish Lan had invited him to her party Page 76

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. If you fail the GCSE examination, you ____not be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university. A. will B. would C. did D. are 2. If you_____5 minutes late, you won’t be able to get into the examination room. A. will be B. were C. are D. would be 3. If you _____ the application form after deadline, you will not be able to take the entrance exam. A. send B. will send C. would send D. sent 4. _____ he passes the final exam, he will apply for the Ho Chi Minh Technology University. A. Unless B. If C. As long as D. Both B and C 5. If she spoke English well, she _____ that job. A. will offer B. will be offered C. would offer D. would be offered 6. He would get mark 10 if he _____again the paper. He made one mistake in it. A. read B. is reading C. reads D. will read 7. If I _____ get a car sick, I would go there with you. A. won’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t 8. I _____ you a letter if I had known your address. A. would have sent B. would send C. will send D. sent 9. If you _____ the front door carefully, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into your house. A. have locked B. locked C. would lock D. had locked 10. If I_____by her, I would have come to see her while I was in Dalat. A. had invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. have invited 11, If you _____ told us about the bad service, we would have eaten there. A. hadn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t have 12, If I _____ you were sick. I would have called sooner. A. knew B. had known C. know D. would have known 13) If there _____ a row, I’m going to keep out of it. A. will be B. is C. were D. had been 14) If I _____ you, I’d call and apologise. A. am B. were C. would be D. was 15) Jack will win the election if he __________ harder. A. will campaign B. would campaign C. campaigned D. campaigns 16) If that hat costs much, I_____ a small one. A. would have bought B. will buy C. bought D. would buy 17) If you_____ more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents. A. drive B. drove C. had driven D. driven 18) If I_____ that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me. Page 77

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. make B. makes C. made D. had made 19) If I spoke English, my job_____ a lot easier. A. was B. were C. will be D. would be 20) If he_____ to London yesterday, _____ his old friend. A. went/would meet B. go/would mee tC. had gone / would have met D. went / would have met 21) I will lend them some money if they_____ me. A. ask B. will ask C. asked D. had asked 22) If we had known who he was, we_____ him to speak at our meeting. A. would have invited B. have invited C. will invite D. would invite 23) My dog will bark if it_____ any strange sound. A. hear B. hears C. heard D. had heard 24) If I_____ enough money, I would buy a house. A. had B. had had C. will have D. have 25) They_____ you in if you come late. A. won’t let B. not let C. wouldn’t let D. hadn’t let 26) If you_____ away, I’ll send for a policeman. A. not go B. don’t go C. hadn’t gone D. didn’t go 27) If I_____ in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s invitation. A. were B. am C. be D. was 28) If I_____ a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job. A. win B. had won C. won D. winning 29) If I_____ you, I would tell the truth. A. is B. am C. was D. were 30) I was busy. If I_____ free time, I_____ to the cinema with you. A. have / would go B. had / will go C. had had / would have goneD. have had / go 31) Why didn’t you attend the meeting?- Oh, I did not know. If I_____, I_____ there. A. know / would come B. had known / would have come C. had known / will come D. known / had come 32) What_____ we do if they do not come tomorrow? A. would B. will C. did D. had 33) If I had enough time now, I_____ to my parents. A. would write B. write C. will write D. wrote 34) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she_____ here, she_____ what to do. A. is / will know B. was / knows C. were / would know D. are / would have known 35) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I_____ hungry during class. A. will get B. got C. would get D. had got 36) If she_____ late again, she’ll lose her job. A. come B. comes C. came D. had come 37) I’ll let you know if I_____ out what’s happening. A. find B. finds C. found D. had found 38) If we_____ in a town, life would be better. A. live B. lived C. would live D. had lived 39) I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we_____ early. A. arrive B. arriving C. arrived D. had arrived Page 78

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 40) If I won the lottery, I_____ you half the money. A. gave B. had given C. will give D. would give 41) The kitchen will look better if we_____ red curtains. A. have B. had C. had had D. would have 42) If I knew his address, I_____ round and see him. A. go B. will go C. would go D. went 43) If you_____ so busy, I would have shown you how to play. A. hadn’t been B. weren’t C. aren’t D. wouldn’t be 44) It_____ quicker if you use a computer. A. will be B. would be C. were D. been 45) If we have some eggs, I_____ you a cake. A. made B. makes C. will make D. would make 46) If he comes, __________ A. we would go to lunch. B. we will go to lunch. C. we went to lunch. 47. I wish I ________ a trip to London last year. A. took B. will take C. take D. had taken 48. She wishes she __________ a lot of money now. A. will have B. had C. had had D. has 49. The weather was terrible. I wish it _____ warmer. A. has been B. was C. were D. had been 50. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 1. Without transportation, our modern society would not exist. A. Our modern society will not exist without having traffic. B. Our modern society does not exist if there is no transportation. C. If transportation no longer exists, our modern society will not either. D. If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist. 2. Work hard or you will fail the exam. A. You will fail the exam if you work hard. B. If you work hard, you won’t pass the exam. C. You won't fail the exam if you don't work hard. D. If you don’t work hard, you will fail the exam. 3. I can’t understand him because he speaks so quickly. A. If he spoke so quickly, I’d understand him. B. If he speaks so quickly, I can understand him. C. If he didn’t speak so quickly, I’d understand him. D. If he didn’t speak so quickly, I understood him. 4. He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane. A. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane. B. He didn’t miss the plane because his hurried. C. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane. D. If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the plane. 5. I regret going to bed so late last night. A. I wish I hadn’t gone to bed so late last night. B. I wish I had gone to bed so late last night. C. I wish I went to bed so late last night. D. I wish I didn’t go to bed so late last night. 6. We did not visit the museum because we had no time. A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. Page 79

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum. 7. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this. A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this. C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this. 8. Julia couldn’t pass the driving test because she was so nervous. A. Julia could pass the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous. B. Julia could pass the driving test if she wasn’t very nervous. C. Julia could have passed the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous. D. Julia will pass the driving test if she wasn’t so nervous. 9. She is too busy to come to the party. A. If she was not so busy she must come to the party. B. If she was not so busy she could come to the party. C. If she was not so busy she needs to come to the party. D. If she was not so busy she should come to the party. 10. She was careless. A fire broke out in the kitchen. A. If she were careless, a fire broke out in the kitchen. B. If she had been careful, a fire broke out in the kitchen. C. If she had been careless, a fire would have broken out in the kitchen. D. If she had been careful, a fire would not have broken out in the kitchen. 11. Men can’t fly because they don’t have wings . A. If men have wings , they will fly . B. If men could fly , they would have wings . C. Men couldn’t fly unless they had wings . D. Men could fly if they had wings . 12. She didn't do the test because it was too difficult. A . If the test had been too difficult, she could have done it. B . If the test hadn't been too difficult, she could have done it. C . If the test were not too difficult, she could do it. D . If the test hadn't been too difficult, she couldn't have done it. 13. Peter doesn't read a lot. He can't find the time. A . If Peter hadn't got the time, he would read a lot. B . If Peter has the time, he will read a lot. C . If Peter had had the time, he would have read a lot. D . If Peter had the time, he would read a lot. 14. She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal. A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car. B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car. C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car. D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car. 15. I did not understand what the lecturer was saying because I had not read hisbook. A. What the lecturer wrote and said was too difficult for me tounderstand. B. The lecturer's book which I had not read was difficult tounderstand. C. I found it very difficult to understand what the lecturer said in hisbook. D. I would have understood what the lecturer was saying if I had read hisbook. 16. John is fat because he eats so many chips. A. If John doesn’t eat so many chips, he will not be fat. C. John is fat though he eats so many chips. Page 80

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) D. being fat, John eats so many chips. B. If John didn’t eat so many chips, he would not be fat. 17. Susan regretted not buying that villa. A. Susan wished she had bought that villa. B. Susan wished she bought that villa. C. Susan wished she could buy that villa. D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa. 18. You drink too much coffee, that's why you can't sleep. A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep. B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep. C. You would sleep well if you didn't drink any coffee. D. You can sleep better without coffee. 19. If you don't have his number, you can't phone him. A. You can phone him unless you have his number. B. You can't phone him unless you don't have his number. C. You can phone him unless you don't have his number. D. You can't phone him unless you have his number. 20.She took the train last night, so he wasn’t late. A. If she had taken the train last night, she would have been late. B.Unless she hadn’t taken the train last night, she would be late. C. If she took the train last night, she would be late. D. Unless she had taken the train last night, she would have been late. 21. I didn’t have an umbrella with me, so I got wet A. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t get wet B. If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet C. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet D. If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet 22. His laziness prevents him from becoming a good worker. A. If he weren’t lazy, he would become a good worker. B. If he hadn’t been lazy, he would have become a good worker. C. Despite his laziness, he becomes a good worker. D. It was his laziness that prevented him from becoming a good worker. 23/ It rains so we can’t go to school. A. If it rains, we could go to school B. If didn’t rain, we could go to school C. If it not rain, we could go to school D. If it rains, we can go to school 24: My sister is often sick because she doesn’t do physical exercise. A. If my sister does physical exercise, she won’t often be sick. B. If my sister isn’t physical exercise, she does sick. C. If my sister did physical exercise, she wouldn’t often be sick. D. If my sister wasn’t physical exercise, she would do sick. 25: He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy. A. If he knew the road was icy, he wouldn’t drive so fast. B. If he had known the road was icy, he wouldn’t have driven so fast. C. He wasn’t driving very fast if he would know the road was icy. D. He hadn’t been driving he would have known the road was icy. Page 81

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 17: REPORTED SPEECH ĐTNX ( S) O ( sau V ) TTSH + N I me my We us our You you your They them their He him his She her her It it its * Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại ý của người nói * Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật => ta dùng động từ giới thiệu là “ said” hoặc “told” và đổi BA yếu tố chính là : THÌ, NGÔI , TRẠNG NGỮ I. THÌ ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT 1. Hiện tại đơn => Quá khứ đơn V/ Vs/ Ves / am / is / are / don’t + V1 / doesn’t V1 V2 / Ved / was / were / didn’t + V 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn => Quá khứ tiếp diễn am / is / are + V-ing Was / were + V-ing 3. Hiện tại hoàn thành => Quá khứ hoàn thành Have / has + V3/ed Had + V3/ed 4. Quá khứ đơn => Quá khứ hoàn thành Was / were / V2 / Ved Had + V3/ed 5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn => QKHTTD Had + been + V-ing Was / were + V-ing 4. Tương lai đơn => Tương lai trong quá khứ will + V would + V 5. can => could 6. may => might 7. must / need => had to  Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên II.NGÔI - Đổi Ngôi thứ nhất (I,We, me , us , my , our , mine , ours ) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mđ chính - Đổi Ngôi thứ hai ( you , your , your ) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính - Ngôi thứ BA ( he, she , it , him, her , his, they, them, their ) => không đổi ❖ Note! ( Đổi ngôi thứ nhất số ít và số nhiều sang câu gián tiếp ) TRỰC TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TƯỜNG TRỰC TƯỜNG THUẬT TIẾP TIẾP THUẬT TIẾP I  He ( nam)/She(nữ) We  they You  I/he/she/we me  him / her us  them  Me/him/her/us my  his / her our  their You  My/his/her/our mine  his / hers ours  theirs Your myself  himself / herself ourselves  themselves Page 82

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) III. TRẠNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TIẾP 1. This => That 2. These => Those 3. Now => Then 4. Here => There 5. Today => That day 6. Tonight => That night 7. ago => before 8. yesterday => the previous day / the day before 9. tomorrow => the following day / the day after 10. last…. => the previous….. 11. next….. => the following IV. CÁC MẪU CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU PHÁT BIỂU CÂU HỎI S + said/ said to O/ told O+ that + S + asked + ( O) / wondered/ wanted to know +( if / S + V ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) + adv whether) or (Wh- ) + S+ V ( lùi thì ) CÂU MỆNH LỆNH Yêu cầu : asked + O + to-V Cám ơn: S + thanked + O + for V-ing Mời : invited + O + To-V Xin lỗi: S + apologized ( to O ) + for V-ing Khuyên: advised + O + To-V Buộc tội: S + accused + O + of V-ing Nhắc nhở: reminded + O + To-V Chúc mừng : S + congratulated + O + on V-ing Ra lệnh : ordred + O + To-V Cảnh báo: S + warned + O + against + V-ing Đồng ý: agreed + To-V Ngăn ngừa: S + stopped / prevented + O + from Hứa:promised + To-V V-ing Khuyến khích:encouraged + O + To-V Đề nghị: S + suggested + V-ing Cảnh báo:warned + O + To-V Muốn : wanted + O + To-V S + suggested that + S + ( should ) + V Từ chối:refused + to V Khăng khăng: S + insisted + on/upon + V-ing Mong đợi: hoped + to V Phủ nhận : S + denied + V-ing Yêu cầu :demaded + to V Thừa nhận : admitted + Ving Quyết định:decided + to V Đe dọa:threatened + to V admitted + having + V3/ed Xung phong:offered + To V Đổ lỗi :Blamed + O + for V-ing Mệnh lệnh: commanded + O + To V Hối hận: regreted + Ving Giới thiệu:Recommended + O + to V Mơ về: dreamed of + Ving Chỉ dẩn: instructed + O + To V Phản đối : objected to + Ving Thuyết phục: persuded + O + To V Than phiền : complained about + Ving Nghĩ về : thought of + V3/ed Mong mỏi đến :looking forward to + Ving Thú nhận : confessed to + Ving Chỉ trích ai đó : criticized/reproach + O + for + Ving Tha Thứ cho ai :forgive + O + for + Ving Page 83

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) V.NO CHANGES IN VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH ( KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ ) Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai ( say, tell, have told, will say...) Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ ,cũng không thay đổi thì trong các trường hợp sau CÁC TRƯỜNG Diễn tả 1 Khi động từ Khi động từ Khi tường HỢP KHÔNG chân lý, sự trong câu trong câu trực thuật THAY ĐỔI THÌ thật hiển trực tiếp có KHI CHUYỂN nhiên,câu các thì :quá tiếp có used mệnh đề điều kiện to,should,would, ước muốn TỪ TRỰC loại 2 và 3 khứ tiếp diễn với “ wish” TIẾP SANG kết hợp với could,might, và “ if only GIÁN TIẾP ought to,had quá khứ better,would “ đơn,quá khứ đơn với quá rather khứ hoàn thành ,quá khứ đơn đi kèm thời gian cụ thể ➢ Lưu ý: không dùng dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm hỏi, dấu chấm than, dấu hai chấm trong lời nói tường thuật PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. He asked them --------------. A. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him 2. She said that she -------------- there the year before. A. went B. had gone C. would go D. goes 3. Peter asked Jane why -------------- the film on T.V the previous night. A. didn’t she watch B. hadn’t she watched C. she doesn’t watch D. she hadn’t watched 4. They said they -------------- us if we needed. A. help B. helped C. would help D. had helped C. to talk not D. don’t talk 5. He advised them -------------- in class. A. to not talk B. not to talk Page 84

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 6. She said to us “Don’t be late again”. A. She said us not to be late again. B. She told us to be not late again. C. She told to us not to be late again. D. She told us not to be late again. 7. John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”. A. John said Daisy not to lend them any money. B. John advised Daisy should not lend any money. C. John said to Daisy not lend them any money. D. John advised Daisy not to lend them any money. 8. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said. A. He apologized for having to leave early. B. He apologized to have to leave early. C. He apologized that he has to leave early D. He apologized to have left early. 9. “Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian. A. Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen. B. Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen. C. Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen. D. Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen. 10.“Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa A. Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before. B. Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before. C. Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night. D. Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before. 11.“What were you doing last night, Mr. John?” The police asked. A. The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr. John. B. The police asked Mr. John what he had been doing the night before. C. The police asked Mr. John what had he been done the night before. D. The police asked Mr. John what he had done the night before. 12.He said he would do it --------------. A. yesterday B. the following day C. the previous day D. the day before 13.He proved that the earth -------------- round the Sun. C. goes D. would go A. had gone B. was going 14.I told you -------------- the computer, didn’t it? A. to switch off B. don’t switch off C. not switch off D. switch off 15.Mr. Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the_________ day A. previous B. following C. before D. last Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 16.“Are you fond of watching television?”, Miss Ngân said to Mr. Bình. A. Miss Ngân told Mr. Bình if he is fond of watching television. B. Miss Ngân asked Mr. Bình if he was fond of watching television. C. Miss Ngân invited Mr. Bình to be fond of watching television. D. Miss Ngân suggested Mr. Bình to watching television 17.“Will Mary be here for five days?, Tom asked Thư. B. Tom asked Thư how long would A. Tom asked Thư will Mary be here for five days. Mary be there. C. Tom asked Thư whether Mary would be there for five days or not. D. Tom asked Thư how long Mary would be there. 18.“Where are you going Nam?”, Lan asked. A. Lan asked Nam where he was going. B. Lan asked Nam where he is going. Page 85

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) C. Lan asked Nam where to go. D. Lan asked Nam where you were going. 19.“Where does your father work?”, the teacher asked me. A. The teacher asked me where your father worked. B. The teacher asked me where my father worked. C. The teacher asked me where did my father work. D. The teacher asked me where did my father work. 20.“How far is it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu?”, a tourist asked. A. A tourist asked how far is it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu. B. A tourist asked how far it is from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu. C. A tourist asked how far was it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu. D. A tourist asked how far it was from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu. 21.“How many people are there in your family?”, he asked Lan. A. He asked Lan how many people are there in my family. B. He asked Lan how many people there are in my family. C. He asked Lan how many people there were in her family. D. He asked Lan how many people were there in her family. 22.“How long will you stay in England?”, Tâm’s friends asked him. A. Tâm’s friends asked him how long will he stay in England. B. Tâm’s friends asked him how long he will stay in England. C. Tâm’s friends asked him how long he would stay in England. D. Tâm’s friends asked him how long would he stay in England. 23.“We are very tired. ”, they said. B. They said they were very tired. A. They said we were very tired. C. They said we are very tired. D. They said they are very tired. 24.They wanted to know ..................... in the area. B . If he would stay how long A . how long would he stay C . how long he will stay D . how long he would stay 25. “His sister said, “I don’t buy this book. ” B. His sister said she didn’t buy this book. A. His sister said I don’t buy this book. C. His sister said I didn’t buy that book. D. His sister said she didn’t buy that book. 26.They said, “We have to try our best to win the match. ” B. They said we have to try their best A. They said we have to try our best to win the match. to win the match. C. They said they had to try their best to win the match. D. They said they had to try our best to win the match. 27.She said to Nam: “Come into my office, please. ” A. She told Nam to come into her office. B. She told Nam to come into my office. C. She said Nam come into her office, please. D. She said Nam come into my office, please. 28.The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please. ” A. The traffic policeman asked to show me your driving license, please. B. The traffic policeman suggested to show him your driving license. C. The traffic policeman suggested showing him my driving license. D. The traffic policeman asked to show me his driving license. 29.Mrs. Jackson said to Alice, “Could you give me a hand, please” A. Mrs. Jackson said Alice if she could give her a hand. B. Mrs. Jackson told Alice to give her a hand. Page 86

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) C. Mrs. Jackson asked to Alice to give her a hand. D. Mrs. Jackson cursed Alice if she could give her a hand. 30.Nam said to the taxi driver, “Please turn left at the first traffic light. ” A. Nam asked the taxi driver please turn left at the first traffic light. B. Nam said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light. C. Nam asked the taxi driver turning left at the first traffic light. D. Nam told the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light. 31.The police said, “Don’t touch anything in the room. ” A. The police commanded us not to touch anything in the room. B. The police advised to not touch anything in the room. C. The police said not touch anything in the room. D. The police asked not touching anything in the room. 32. “Would you like to have dinner with me?”, Miss Hoa said to me A. Miss Hoa asked me if would I like to have dinner with her? B. Miss Hoa suggested me if I would like to have dinner with her or not. C. Miss Hoa told me to like to have dinner with her or not. D. Miss Hoa invited me to have dinner with her. 33.“You should stay in bed”, I said to him. B. I advised him to stay in bed. A. I said him he should stay in bed. C. I prayed him to stay in bed. D. I ordered him you should stay in bed. 34.My mother told me “You should visit your grandmother tomorrow” A. My mother told me I should visit your grandmother tomorrow. B. My mother invited me to visit my grandmother tomorrow. C. My mother advised me to visit my grandmother the day after. D. My mother urged me visiting my grandmother the next day. 35.“I will expect to see you next Wednesday”, said Mary to her boy friend. A. Mary sai to her boy friend she would expect to see you the following Wednesday. B. Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see you the following Wednesday. C. Mary expected to see her boy friend the following Wednesday. D. Mary told boy her friend that she would expect to see him the next Wednesday. Page 87

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 18 : RELATIVE CLAUSES A. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ 1. 4 trường hợp sử dụng MĐQH có dấu phẩy Danh từ riêng ( Viết hoa ) : Mary, Peter this, that, these, those + N(s) : This book ... Tính từ sỡ hữu + N : my, his, her, our, their, its, your + N Sỡ hữu cách ( N’s N ) : Hoa’s book 2. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề không dấu “,” N chỉ người + who / that +V N chỉ người + whom / who / that +S+V N chì người và vật + that +S+V N chỉ vật + which / that +V/SV N chỉ người / vật + whose +N+SV Thời gian + when = in, on , at + which + S V Nơi chốn + where= in,on,at + which + S V Lý do + why = for which +SV  THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MÐQH không dấu phẩy 3. Các trường hợp dùng “ That” ❖ hình thức so sánh nhất ( the most , the adj-est ) ❖ đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last ❖ danh từ chỉ người và vật ❖ sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. B. BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ “ WHO / WHOM / WHICH/ WHOSE....) - N chỉ người thường tận cùng bằng gốc “ or, er, ist, ian - N chỉ vật thường tận cùng bằng gốc “ ion, ment, .. - Phía sau là N thường dùng “ Whose” -> 1 số N thường gặp như: car, son, daughter, outlook, book, houses, mother, father, brother, parents - Nơi chốn dùng “ where” , thời gian dùng “ when”, lý do = “ why” - So sánh nhất ( the most ..., the + adj-est) dùng “ That” C. NỐI 2 CÂU DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ (Đầu câu là Người dùng Who giữa và cuối dùng Whom) Ex: Mary, is a good teacher. I saw her last B1: Xác định 2 từ giống ở câu 1 và câu 2 week Câu 1 : Xác định từ giống Xem có dùng dấu “,” không Câu 2: Thay từ giống bằng “who / whom = người”/ “which = vật” , “ where= nơi chốn” , “ when= t.gian” “whose = sở hữu” Mary is a good teacher. Whom I saw last week B2: Đem “ Who/ which..” ra đầu câu 2 Mary, whom I saw last week, is a good teacher B3. Đem ca câu 2 đặt sau từ giống ở câu 1 và ghi phần còn lại câu 1 ( nếu có ) Page 88

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) RELATIVE PRONOUNS FOLLWED BY A PREPOSITION Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có Ex1: She is the woman about whom I told you 2 vị trí đứng: She is the woman who/whom/ that I told you - Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ hoặc giới từ about. đứng sau động từ. Ex2:Did you find the world which you were looking - Lưu ý: Giới từ không đứng trước đại từ quan up ? hệ “ who và that” (NOT : _____the world up which you were looking ? ) - Khi giới từ là thành phần của cụm động từ thì Ex3: The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane không thể đem giới từ ra trước “whom, which, ( NOT : The woman whom can’t live without is Jane ) whose” - Giới từ “ WITHOUT”không được đặt sau động từ mà phải đặt trước đại từ quan hệ. REDUCTION RELATIVE CLAUSES Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động E.g: That man,who is standing over + am/is/are/was/were + V-ing there,is my best friend. +V1/Vs/es => That man,standing over there,is my +V2/ed best friend +has/have + V3/ed => Bỏ ĐTQH,Bỏ trợ động từ nếu có,Động từ chính => V-ing Khi động từ trong ,mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động E.g: The boy who was injured in the +am/is/are/was/were + V3/ed accident was taken to the hospital +have/has + been + V3/ed =>The boy injured in the accident was => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ trợ động từ nếu có,Động từ chính => V-3/ED taken to the hospital Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau E.g: He was the last man who left the “first/last/second/only/next/one/dạng so sánh nhất hoặc burning building. để chỉ much đích,sự cho phép => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ trợ động từ => He was the last man to leave the nếu có burning building. Động từ chính => To-V( chủ động) E.g This is the second person who was Động từ chính => to be V3/ed ( bị động) killed in that way => This is the second person to be killed in that way Rút gọn mệnh đề bằng cụm danh từ có dạng: S + Be + N E.g: Football,which is a popular sport,ivery /cụm N/cụm giới từ good for health. => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ be => Football, a popular sport,ivery good for health. Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa tobe và tính từ/cụm tính từ => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ be giữ nguyên tính từ phía sau E.g:My grandmother,who is old and sick,never goes out of the house. => My grandmother, old and sick,never goes out of the house. Page 89

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him. A. who B. who he C. which D. whose 2. Is that the same film we watched last year? A. when B. which C. why D. who 3. The girl I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully. A. whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom 4. The first television picture John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London. A. which; whom B. who; which C. that; whose D. that; who 5. Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, she still lives, was 100 last year. A. that; in which B. who; where C. that; where D. who; that 6. The pollution they were talking is getting worse. D. whom A. that B. about which C. which 7. Robert Riva, an Italian player used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11’s football team. A. when B. which C. where D. who 8. When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on. A. where B. whose C. whom D. that 9. Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip. A. who B. whom C. where D. that 10.The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators. A. what B. where C. when D. which 11.Blenheim Palace, Churchill was born, is now open to the public. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 12.The man I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university. A. which B. whom C. whose D. why 13.Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon you can always depend. A. who B. whom C. that D. ∅ 14.Your career should focus on a field in you are genuinely interested. A. which B. what C. that D. ∅ 15. People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people. A. whose B. whom C. that D. which 16.The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school. A. who B. what C. whose D. whom 17.One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, is a member of the local council. A. that B. who C. whom D. ∅ 18.The Titanic, Gsank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable. A. whose B. that C. which D. who Page 90

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 19.The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, _________chairman is Sir James Bex. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 20. Genghis Khan, name means \"very mighty ruler\", was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages. A. whom B. whose C. who D. how 21.She has two brothers, are engineer. D. both whom A. whom both B. both who C. both of whom 22.Extinction means a situation a plant, an animal or a way of life stops existing. A. to which B. for which C. on which D. in which 23.The party, I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. A. at that 24.Ann has a lot of books, B. at which C. to that D. to which she has never read. A. most of that B. most of these C. most of which D. which most of them in Bac Ninh Province. 25.We have just visited disadvantaged children in an orphanage D. to locate A. located B. locating C. which locates 26. An endangered species is a species population is so small that it is in danger of becoming extinct. A. whose B. which C. what D. who 27.Pumpkin seeds, protein and iron, are a popular snack. A. that B. provide C. which D. which provide 28.He lives in a small town A. Where is called Taunton B. which is called Taunton C. is called Taunton D. that called Taunton 29.The scientists on this project try to find the solutions to air pollution. A. working B. worked C. are working D. who working 30.The girl ______ is our neighbor. A. talks to the lady over there C. was talking to the lady over there B. is talking to the lady over there D. talking to the lady over there 31.She didn’t tell me the reason _______ she came late. A. when B. for which C. for why D. both B and C 32.This is the best play ________ I have ever seen. A. which B. what C. whom D. that 33.Taj Mahal, _____ by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world. A. building B. to build C. built D. to be built 34.Mr.Jones, ______I was working, was generous about overtime payments. A. he B. for whom C. for him D. whom 35.Is this the address to ____________ you want the package sent ? A. where B. which C. that D. whom 36.He was the last man _________ the ship. A. who leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left 37.The nurse_________from Japan can speaking English well. A. which comes B. who come C. coming D. came 38.More than a mile of roadway has been blocked with trees, stones and other debris, ____the explosion. A. causing B. caused by C. which caused by D. which caused 39.I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos. A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying 40.Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is the 8th World Heritage in Viet Nam ____ by UNESCO. Page 91

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. to be recognised B. to recognise C. recognising D. recognised 41.Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday. D. leaves A. to leave B. leaving C. left 42.The palace _____ many centuries ago remains practically intact. A. building B. to build C. built D. people build 43.Many of the pictures ________ from outer space are presently on display in the public library A. sending B. sent C. which sent D. which is sending 44.The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt . A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed 45.The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher . A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. ( Reduction Relative Clauses ) Question 1. Half the people _____said they would pay more for environmentally friendly food. A. polled B. polling C. who polled D. to poll Question 2. the door, I saw a luxurious car. A. Opened B. I opened C. Opening D. Upon opened Question 3. I come from a city _ located in the southern part of the country. A. locate B. which located C. locating D. located Question 4. When in a proper way, the Internet is a great way to obtain useful information. A. use B. using C. used D. to use Question 5. She’s much into a novel by Han Mac Tu. A. write B. written C. writing D. which written Question 6. He is the only student in the class _ the tricky question. A. answer B. answered C. who answer D. to answer Question 7. The two men _ by the police were released today. A. arrested B. arresting C. arrest D. to arrest Question 8. The house _ in red is where John lives. A. paint B. painted C. to paint D. painting Question 9. Although about work, he refused the idea of giving up. A. stress B. stressing C. stressed D. which was stressed Question 10. The house in the storm has now been rebuilt. A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed Question 11. Once into different languages, the novel will gain special attention from potential readers. A. translate B. translated C. being translate D. to translate Question 12. After breakfast with her children, she started to prepare for lunch. Page 92

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. being had B. having had C. have D. had Question 13. I have a message for people by the traffic chaos. A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. delaying Question 14. Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks. A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing Question 15. If _ to the zoo, our children will be very happy. A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken Question 16. The drug from the bark of the cinchona tree, is native to South America. A. derived B. to derive C. deriving D. which derived Question 17. Front-line workers ______________ their life to treating the Covid-19 patients need to be given much more attention from the public. A. devote B. devoting C. devoted D. who is devoted Question 18. If _ during the pandemic, schools need to be fully prepared for online courses. A. close B. closed C. closing D. is closed Question 19. The online conference to the reinvestment of profit was disrupted by the system crash. A. relating B. related C. to relate D. which relate Question 20. The contraction in China is the starkest economic sign of the damage by the pandemic. A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. which caused Question 21. Those in taking this online course should contact me at 555-4573. A. interesting B. who is interested C. who interested D. interested Question 34. The virus from Wuhan (China) killed millions of people in the world just in five months. A. emerged B. emerge C. which emerging D. emerging Question 35. Toxic chemicals _ into the seas pose a risk to the public health. A. release B. released C. to release D. which released Page 93

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 19: PHRASE & CLAUSE I. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ( ALTHOUGH/ IN SPITE OF ) 1. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Phrases of 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ concession) (Adverbial clauses of Concession) In spite of / Despite + Danh từ Although / Even though / Though + S + V Ngữ danh từ Despite the fact that V-ing In spite of the fact that Ex: - Despite his laziness, he passed the exam. Ex: - Although he was lazy, he passed the exam. II. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO ( BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF….) : BỞI VÌ 1. Cụm từ chỉ lý do (Phrases of reason) 2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do (Adverbial clauses of reason) Because of + Danh từ Because / As / Since + S + V , S + V Due to Ngữ danh từ due to the fact that Owing to V-ing owng to the fact that III. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH) 1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích (Phrases of purpese) 2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (Adverbial (not) clauses of purpose) in order (not) + to + V1 (để mà/ để mà ko) so that will /would so as (not) S + V in order that + S + can / could + V1 may / might Lưu ý :Nếu chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không được dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích (phrase of purpose). IV. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ 1. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả (phrases of result) b) enough : đủ….để S + be + adj + enough + ( for O ) + to V1 a) too….to: quá …không thể S + V + too + adj / adv + To-V S + V + too + adj / adv + for O + To-V S + V + enough + N + ( for O ) + to V1 2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverbial b) such…that clauses off result) S + V + such + a / an + adj + Nít + that + S + V a) so….that S + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V S + V + so + adj + a + Nít + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N nhiều + that + S + V S + V + so + many /few + Nnhiều + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N kđđ + that + S + V S + V + so + much / little + N kđđ + that +S + V No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how (adj, adv) + S + V Whatever (+ N) + S + V Adj / adv + as / though + S + V However + Adj / Adv + S + V Despite = in spite of + NP Although / though / eventhough + Clause Page 94

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) CLAUSES OF MANNER WITH (MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH) ➢ AS (như là), AS IF & AS THOUGH(như thể là) 1. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại Ex1: She dresses as if she was/were an actress. S + V + as if/ as though + S + V2/Ved Ex2: He talks as though he knew where she was. Lưu ý: “were” có thể dùng cho tất cả các chủ từ ở Ex: He talked about New York as though he had MĐ giả định. been there before. 2. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ Ex1: Mary’s husband doesn’t work in the same S + Vqk + as if/ as though + S + had + V3/ved office as she does. ➢ Would rather => Mary would rather that her husband worked in the same office as she does. 1. Giả thiết ở HT hoặc TL: Ex2: Her husband didn’t go to the office yesterday. S1 + would rather that + S2 + V2/ed => She would rather that her husband had gone to the office yesterday. 2. Giả thiết ở Quá Khứ: S1 + would rather that + S2 + had + V3/V-ed PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. He didn’t pass the exam _________ he made many mistakes in his writing. A. in spite of B. because of C. because D. although 2. Our visit to Japan was delayed _______my wife’s illness. D. although A. because B. because of C. in spite of 3. ______ he had enough money, he bought a new car. A. In spite of B. Although C. Because of D. Because 4. __________ she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family. A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although 5. ___________ her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson. A. Despite B. Because C. Because of D. As 6. ___________ his lack of time, he watches football every night. A. Although B. Because of C. In spite of D. Because 7. __________ I told the absolaute truth, no one would believe me. A. Even though B. In spite of C. Since D. As 8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room. A. because B. because of C. since D. as 9. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications D. despite A. because B. because of C. although 10. Mrs. Harrions is ___________ he owns many places. A. so a rich man that B. such an rich man that C. such a rich man that D. that so rich a man 11. He had to explain the lesson very clearly________________. A. in order that his student to understand it B. so that his students could understand it C. so as his students to understand it D. so that his students to understand it 12. We have to start early______________we won’t be late A. so that B. so as to C. because D. although 13. The schoolboys are in hurry________they will not be late for school A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for Page 95

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 14. We set off early___________we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic A. although B. so that C. because D. in case 15. Many people don’t want to live in big cities ________ big cities are often heavily polluted A. but B. because C. and D. though 16. Polar bears are in danger of going extinct ______ climate change. D. despite A. because of B. although C. because 17. __________ his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly. A. Because B. Even though C. Because of D. In spite of 18. The second-hand car Patrick bought was almost new ________ it was made in the 1995s. A. or B. because C. although D. however 19. ________ my father is old, he still goes jogging. A. although B. Since C. Despite D. In spite of 20. _________ the rain, we postpone our picnic. D. In spite of A. because B. because of C. although 21. ________ it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat. A. in spite B. in spite of C. However D. although 22. ________ the wet weather, the football match went ahead. A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. However 23. We can not see the road ________ the fog. A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of 24. These boys were punished ______ they went to school late. D. in spite of A. because B. because of C. even though 25. I can’t ride my bicycle ______ there isn’t any air in one of the tires. A. despite B. because C. although D. but Page 96

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. LÍ THUYẾT MODULE 20:INVERSION Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu, được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu Các dạng đảo ngữ: 0 Dạng Công thức Ví dụ đảo ngữ Not a tear did she shed when the story No/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ ended in a tragedy. At no time did he suspect that his At no time = Never = Under/In no girlfriend was an enemy spy. circumstances (không bao giờ) By no means is she poor. She only pretends to be. By no means For no reason will we surrender. (hoàn toàn không) In no way could I believe in a For no reason ridiculous story. On no account should you be late for (không vì lí do gì) the exam. Các cụm In no way (không sao có thể) No longer does he make mistakes. 1 từ có NO On no condition = On no account + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ (dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không) No longer (không còn nữa) No where + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ No where can the keys be found. (không nơi nào, không ở đâu) Đảo ngữ Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, Little did he know the truth. với các Scarcely, Barely,... Never in my life have I been in such an 2 trạng từ embarrassing situation. phủ định Only after + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after I had left home did I realize (chỉ sau khi) how important my family played a role in my life. Đảo ngữ Only after + N + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after his father's retirement did (chỉ sau khi) he take over the company. 3 với ONLY Only by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + S + V Only by studying hard can you pass the (chỉ bằng cách) exam. Only if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only if you promise to keep secret will I (chỉ nếu) tell you about it. Only when + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only when you grow up can you (chỉ khi) understand this matter. Only with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ Only with your help can we manage. với) Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only once have I met her. Only then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động Only later did I realize I was wrong. từ Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S + Hardly had I gone to bed when the Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn) telephone rang. 4 Hardly = No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + V = No sooner had I gone to bed than No sooner (quá khứ đơn) the telephone rang. (Ngay khi/vừa mới... thì) Page 97

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 5 Not only Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Not only does she sing beautifully but … but Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ also she learns well. also (không những... mà còn) So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + clause So beautiful is she that many boys run Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + after her. So/Such ... such + that + clause Her anger was such that she broke the 6 that (quá... đến nỗi mà) vase. = Such was her anger that she broke the vase. Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ Not until/till midnight did he come Not until/ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ home. 7 Not till (mãi đến khi) Not until/till I was 8 did I know how to ride a bike. 8 Neither Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động Neither is there excitement nor từ entertainment in this small town. Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should he come, please tell him to see Should + S+V, V + O /S + will, can... + V me. Câu điêu kiện loại 2: Were I you, I would apply for that job. Đảo ngữ Were + S + (to V) + ..., S + would/could + V Were I to have enough money, I would 9 với câu buy that car. điều kiện Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had the car in the front not stopped so Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could + have + suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have Vp2 happened. Although/even though/though + S + V, Although the exercise is difficult, the S +V boys can solve it. 10 Although = Much as + S + V, S + V = Much as the exercise is difficult, the = No matter what + S + V, S + V hoặc No boys can solve it. matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V = No matter how difficult the exercise = However + adj/adv + S + V = Adj/adv + is, the boys can solve it. as/though + S + V, S + V = However difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it. = Difficult as the exercise is, the boys can solve it. 11 NOR Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink. Đảo ngữ So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ I can't sing well, neither can my sister. 12 có SO/ He loves football, so do I. Near my house is a bus stop. NEITHER Situated in the central mountains of Đảo ngữ Adv of place + V + S Alaska is a peak named Denali. với các Coming first in the race was my sister. trạng từ 13 chỉ phương hướng/ nơi chốn Đảo ngữ Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + V + S 14 với cụm phân từ Page 98

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. Not only ________ to determine the depth of the ocean floor, but it is also used to locate oil. A. seismology is used B. using seismology C. is seismology used D. to use seismology 2. ________ advised on what and how to prepare for the interview, he might have got the job. A. Had he been B. If he had C. Unless he had been D. Were he to be 3. Not until 1856 ________ across the Mississippi River. A. the first bridge was built B. was the first bridge built C. the first bridge built D. did the first bridge build 4. Only when you grow up, ________ the truth. A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know 5. ________ Mozart was an accomplished compose while still a child. A. Remarkable as it seems B. As it seems remarkable C. No matter remarkable it seems D. Remarkable however it seem 6. Out ________ for a walk after she finished doing her homework. A. did Mary go B. Mary went C. Mary did go D. went Mary 7. ________ she could not say anything. A. So upset was she that B. So upset was she C. However upset was she that D. Therefore upset was she that 8. _______ with my previous job, I would have won a higher promotion and I _______in this unfortunate position now. A. Unless I had stayed / am not B. If I stayed / would not be C. If had I stayed / will not be D. Had I stayed / would not be 9. Not only ________ to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again. A. she refused B. did she refuse C. she did refuse D. when she refused 10. ________ an emergency arise, call 911. A. Should B. If C. Will D. Were 11. Nowhere in the northern section of the United States ________ for growing citrus crops. A. is there suitability of the climate B. where the climate is suitable C. the climate is suitable D. is the climate suitable 12. Only after she had finished the course did she realize she ________ a wrong choice. A. had made B. has made C. had been making D. was making 13. Never ________ him stand on the deserted station platform. A. will I forget to see B. I will forget to see C. will I forget seeing D. I will forget seeing 14. The instructor blew his whistle and ________ A. off the runners were running B. off ran the runners C. off were running the runners D. the runners runs off 15. Seldom ________ far enough north to disturb South Pacific shipping lanes. A. Antarctic icebergs will move B. will Antarctic icebergs move C. will move Antarctic icebergs D. move Antarctic icebergs will Page 99

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 1. Olga handed in her exam paper. She then realised that she had missed one question. A. Having realised that she had missed one question, Olga handed in her exam paper. B. Not until Olga had handed in her exam paper did she realise that she had missed one question. C. Had Olga realised that she had missed one question, she wouldn’t hand in her exam paper. D. Only after Olga realised that she had missed one question did she hand in her exam paper. 2. He badly suffered cyberbullying himself He realized the true dangers of social media only then. A. Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realize the true dangers of social media B. Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realize the true dangers of social media. C. Only when he had realized the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying himself. D. But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realize the true dangers of social media. 3. The coach changed his tactics in the second half. His football team won the match. A. But for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match. B. Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half. C. Only if the coach had changed the tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match. D. Had it not been for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, the football team wouldn’t have won the match. 4. The green campaign was strongly supported by the local people. The neighborhood looks fresh and clean now. A. Had the local people not strongly supported the green campaign, the neighborhood wouldn’t look fresh and clean now. B. sacredly had the green campaign been strongly supported by the local people when the neighborhood looked fresh and clean. C. Only if the local people had strongly supported the green campaign would the neighborhood look fresh and clean now. D. But for the strong support of the local people for the green campaign, the neighborhood would look fresh and clean now. 5. Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing. A. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable prices. B. No matter how reasonable the prices OS smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new applications. C. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced. D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable but, with new applications, they are also more appealing. Page 100