Flash on English_Intermediate_Student's book

Welcome to Flash on English Flash on English is your new English language course. On these two pages you will find some information to help you learn to use your textbook. Flash on English contains 10 units, organised in this way: Flash Forward activities Double linguistic input keep fast finishers busy. Each unit opens with a first presentation text which can be in various formats (article, email, report). The second presentation text is in the form of a dialogue with a photostory. This follows the daily life of a group of London teenagers who are dealing with their day-to-day problems and aspirations for the future. Examples of grammatical structures and functions are presented in the Grammar and the Functions boxes, in a concise and clear form to allow the student full autonomy in carrying out the activities. The Flashpoint box highlights particular language structures that are commonly used. P T PET and Trinity exam practice Listen ’n’ speak page help to further develop and consolidate listening techniques to improve oral production. The Spoken English section familiarises students with colloquial expressions used by native speakers. The Flash on Grammar page is dedicated to presenting the grammar structures. WB p. 8 refers to the correspondent exercises in the Workbook

The Flash on Skills section helps the students to develop their four language skills. Placed at the end of each unit, it alternately presents three types of text material. CULTURE Focuses on social and cultural aspects of the English-speaking world. CLIL Texts targeted to an interdisciplinary approach to language learning on contemporary topics of interest to students. LITERATURE Texts aimed at familiarising students with literary genres, in both prose and verse. Effective study and learning techniques are presented in each unit. The main grammar items are presented schematically in the Grammar Reference at the end of the book, with information about grammar rules and extensive examples. The Flash on CLIL section contains reading passages covering cross-curricular topics. It aims to stimulate the interest of students by providing them with content that is genuinely accessibile, interesting and meaningful. The activities help students develop reading and vocabulary skills. It can be used as extra reading material in the classroom or at home for self-study.

Contents Grammar Vocabulary Functions Talking about sport Unit Present perfect continuous Sports equipment Expressing purpose Purpose and reason Sporting locations 1 Fair Play Football phrases Talking about global problems 2 A Better p. 8 Global problems Expressing ideas World Word building Second conditional Talking about states in the too/enough past Describing fears p. 16 Describing simple processes Flashback 1-2 p. 24 Expressing surprise and disbelief 3 Popular used to for past actions and states Childhood Legends Describing a picture would vs used to Negative feelings p. 26 4 The Media The passive (1) Electronic media Question tags Computers Flashback 3-4 p. 34 Art and styles Parts of a picture 5 Images p. 42 Relative pronouns Relative clauses p. 44 6 The Food of Past perfect Music Talking about past events Love Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns Musical instruments Flashback 5-6 p. 52 p. 60 4

Pronunciation/ Skills Study Skills Spoken English Extensive reading /T/ vs /f/ Culture – The Olympic Games Tips for speaking so Reading An article about the Olympic Games Listening A talk about an international sports charity Speaking A fundraising speech Writing A website article about a sporting event Second conditional – stress and CLIL – What was the Great Depression? intonation Giving examples Listening Americans talking about the Great Depression Reading A text about the Great Depression Speaking An explanation of the Great Depression Writing An election manifesto used to vs use Literature – Dracula by Bram Stoker Tips for listening Hyperbole Reading A plot summary Question tags Listening An extract from the book Writing A first-person account by one of the characters in the book Speaking A first-person account by one of the characters in the book Culture – Smart Surfing – How can I be safer on the Net? Using study cards Reading An article about internet safety Speaking A discussion about internet safety Listening A description of a well-known website Writing A description of a favourite website or device /w/ CLIL – The Italian Renaissance: Vasari’s Lives Combining sentences which Reading An article about Giorgio Vasari Connecting ideas Listening An extract from Vasari’s Life of Michelangelo had/hadn’t Writing A paragraph about Michelangelo, using linkers Active listening Speaking A discussion about a favourite artist Literature – High Fidelity Listening A radio programme about the author Reading A summary of the book Writing A compilation of songs; a message using connectors Speaking A description and explanation of a mix tape 5

Contents Unit Grammar Vocabulary Functions Reporting what people say 7 Too Much TV Reported speech Hobbies and leisure Verb + infinitive/Verb + -ing TV programmes p. 62 8 We’ve Got Reported questions Personality adjectives Describing personal qualities Rights! Causatives Jobs Suggesting someone does something p. 70 Flashback 7-8 p. 78 9 Our Future The passive (2) The environment Describing simple processes Comparative adverbs Saving the environment Giving advice p. 80 Third conditional Phrasal verbs Expressing regrets and wishes wish Expressions with time 10 Role Models p. 88 Flashback 15-16 p. 96 Flash on CLIL p. 98 Media Studies: On air (p. 98), History: World War II (p. 100), Science: Units of measurement (p. 102), Geography: The Commonwealth (p. 104), Politics: The European Union (p. 106) Grammar Reference p. 108 Audioscripts p. 114 6

Pronunciation/ Skills Study Skills Spoken English Tips for reading (1) Voiced and unvoiced consonants Culture – TV around the world Reported speech Listening An interview about global TV Reading A text on global TV Speaking A discussion and report about alternatives to watching TV Writing A paragraph about alternatives to watching TV Compound words CLIL – Genes and genius Tips for reading (2) Impersonal you/one Listening A talk about genes Reading A text about genius Speaking A discussion about intelligence Writing A biographical text about a genius Connected speech Literature – Concrete poems How to write a concrete poem Repetition Reading A text about concrete poems PET listening Listening Three concrete poems PET reading Speaking A personal opinion of a concrete poem PET Speaking Writing A concrete poem Third conditional - connecting Culture – If Antony hadn’t fallen in love… Saying goodbye Listening The story of Antony and Cleopatra Reading A text about the birth of globalisation Speaking A discussion about how Romans changed the world Writing A text about globalisation today 7

1 Fair Play It’s a sporting life! 1 Match the words to the photos. A B C D 1 motor racing 2 basketball 3 skiing 4 water polo 2 1.02 Now listen and read the interviews (1-4). Complete the blanks with the names of the sports. Interviewer How long have you been ? Interviewer Why is so popular in France? Sportsman I’ve been ever since I was 12. Sportsman Well, we’ve been organising (1) ______________ competitions since 1894. It has been getting Interviewer Do you also enjoy watching more popular but competition has also been competitions? getting tougher. Sportsman Yeah, I’ve just been watching the final on TV, Interviewer Has the sport been getting faster? but I prefer to do it, you know, to get on the Sportsman Yes, speeds now reach over 300 km an hour slopes and feel the wind in my face. at some circuits. (5) ______________ Interviewer (2) ______________ Sportsman Well, people in Norway have been for centuries, because of the snow. Interviewer How long have you been managing teams? Interviewer Have you been playing long? Trainer Well, I retired as a player ten years ago Sportsman We’ve been playing for ten years. and I’ve been training teams since then… Interviewer You’ve won the Cup many times: Interviewer What do you look for in a good player? (3) ______________ Trainer Well, (6) ______________ ; Sportsman We get the most balls into the net! And players have been getting taller and taller. we’ve been practising for years, Interviewer And faster? Trainer Yes, of course, speed on the court is you know, we train in a pool every day. important: players have been getting faster We’re good swimmers! It’s been an Olympic and they are better at getting the ball in the basket – scores have been getting sport for over 100 years. higher and higher… (4) ______________ 3 1.02 Put the sentences (a-f) in gaps 1-6 in the FLASH FORWARD text. Then listen again and check your answers. Write a brief description of the most popular sports in your country. Have your country’s a how did you do that? athletes done well internationally in these b height is important; sports? In which events? c It started in England in 1900. d My mum and dad taught me. e This makes it more dangerous. f When did people in Norway begin the sport? 8

Vocabulary: Sports equipment A 1 G 4 1.03 Match the words to the correct BC photos, then listen and check. 1 surfboard D E 2 racket 3 whistle 4 basket 5 skis 6 net 7 rugby ball I H 8 boxing gloves 9 golf ball 10 golf club F J Vocabulary: Sporting locations 7 Make questions using the words in brackets. 5 1.04 Match the words in the boxes to make 1 You’re wet. (walk / in / the rain?) Have you been walking in the rain? compound nouns, then listen and check. 2 Sorry, I’m late. (wait / a long time?) 3 You look tired. (how long / work?) racing car football basketball golf 4 Your English is excellent. (how long / have / boxing ice-skating sports ski classes?) 5 Your boyfriend’s really cool. (go out / for a long ring rink stadium slope circuit time?) court course pitch 6 You’ve got chocolate on your face. (eat / chocolate?) GRAMMAR Say it! Present perfect continuous 8 How ‘sporting’ are you? Complete this chart We’ve been playing for ten years. How long have you been skiing? for (a) sports you have played and still play, (b) sports you have seen in person and Find more examples of this structure in the (c) sports you have only watched on TV. interviews. Underline them. Don’t write the name of the sport. 6 Complete the sentences with the Present Equipment Location When did you start How long? playing/watching? perfect continuous. a ball pitch 6 years b ______ ______ 2005 ______ 1 I started playing football ten years ago. I still c ______ ______ ______ ______ play football. I _h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__p_l_a_y_in_g_ football for ______ ten years. 2 People started playing football 150 years ago. 9 T Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions to They still play football. People _____________ for 150 years. find out about your partner’s sports. 3 They started skiing at 3 o’clock. They are still skiing. They _____________ since 3 o’clock. A What equipment do you use in this sport? 4 The first tennis game was in the 15th century. B I use a racket... People still play tennis. People _____________ A Where do you play it? since the 15th century. B On a court. 5 I started playing tennis in July. I’m still learning A How long have you been doing/watching it? now. I _____________ since July. B I’ve been playing for two years. 6 We started watching the match an hour ago. A Is it tennis? We’re still watching now. We _____________ B Yes! for an hour. 9

11 Titolo unità He’s given away a penalty! 2 Read the statements and write T (true) 1 1.05 Listen and read. Who is an idiot? Why? or F (false), then correct the false statements. Anna It hasn’t been a very good game… Robyn Nobody’s scored… 1 United are losing. ___ Anna Why are they passing the ball to Robinson all 2 Robinson is a good player. ___ 3 Michael doesn’t understand the ___ the time? offside rule. Antonio So he can score. He’s United’s best player. 4 Robyn has read a book about ___ Michael Well, he’s been having a bad game. Look, now football. 5 Robinson wins a penalty. ___ he’s lost the ball. 6 Robinson commits a foul. ___ Antonio … and he was offside… Anna I’ve never understood the offside rule. 3 Put these words in the correct order to Michael Yeah, I’ve been trying to understand it for make questions. Then ask and answer years… I’ll tell you… it’s when… in pairs. Robyn … a player gets the ball in the other team’s half 1 United / how / many / goals / have / of the pitch, he must have a player from the scored? opposite team between him and the goal. 2 best / player / who / is / United’s? Michael Wow, I’m impressed! How do you know that? 3 game / been / who / has / having / a / Robyn I’ve been reading the rules so I can understand bad? the game… 4 offside rule / why / Robyn / learn / the / Michael Really? did? Robyn No, I just googled ‘offside’… 5 who / been / to / score / has / trying? Anna But what’s the point? 6 the / referee / who / did / send / off? Antonio It’s to make it more difficult to score… a corner… no, it’s out… FLASH FORWARD Michael Look, Paulino’s going to take the throw-in… Antonio Robinson’s got the ball; he’s been trying to Describe a sporting event you have been to. score for the last twenty minutes… What was the sport? Was it a good game/ Michael It’s a foul; he’s committed a foul… oh, no, event? Who was the best/worst player? a penalty… he’s given away a penalty! What was the result? If you’ve never been to Antonio That wasn’t a penalty… the referee’s an idiot… a game or you don’t like sport, explain why. Michael Oh, no, the referee’s sending him off… I think we’ve lost this match. Anna Why don’t they use video to check the referee’s decisions? 10

1 Vocabulary: Football phrases FUNCTIONS 4 H ow many words and phrases that have to do Expressing purpose with sport can you find in the dialogue? I’m studying hard to pass the driving test. Add them to the table below. In order to take part in the national race, you’ve got to win several local tournaments. Verbs Nouns ‘Why are you in a hurry?’ ‘So we can see the movie!’ score, pass, lose, game, player, ball, __________________ __________________ Say it! __________________ __________________ 8 T Find out what your partner has been doing 5 Think of a sports person you admire. Why do recently and why. Ask about sport, free time, you like him/her? Choose some reasons from study, school, English, shopping... the list below and then add your own reasons. A What have you been studying recently? 1 He/She is the best player in the team/in their B I’ve been studying English. sport. A Why? 2 He/She does things nobody else can do. B To prepare for my exams next month. 3 He/She is good-looking. 4 He/She is polite and generous to other players. 9 Think of why people do these things. Ask and 5 He/She is competitive and likes to win. 6 He/She plays according to the rules. answer questions giving as many reasons as 7 He/She cares about social problems. you can. Then swap roles. 8 He/She is good to their friends and family. go to school go out with friends have cars 6 1.06 Match the words below to make sleep play football read books shake hands football phrases, then listen and check. use mobile phones play video games get married learn English go on a diet 1 take a a goal 2 lose b a foul A Why do people play football? 3 make c the ball B They play football to score goals. 4 score d the post/bar A Why? 5 hit e 1 a corner B To win the match. 6 commit f the match A Why… ? 7 pass g a tackle Write it! GRAMMAR 10 T Find as much information as you can Purpose and reason about your favourite sportsperson and write a ‘Why are they passing the ball to Robinson all short biography. the time?’ ‘So he can score.’ My favourite sportsperson is Michael Phelps; he is the It’s to make it more difficult to score… most decorated Olympian of all time, with 22 medals. Find more examples of these structures in the He is the world recordholder dialogue. Underline them. in the 100-meter butterfly, 200-meter butterfly and 7 Give reasons in answer to these questions. 400-meter individual medley as well as the 1 Why are they passing the ball to Robinson all world recordholder in the the time? 200-meter freestyle and 200-meter individual medley. So he can score. Michael was born in 1985 near 2 Why do they have the offside rule in football? Baltimore, in Maryland… 3 Why did Robyn google ‘offside’? 4 Why did Paulino take the throw-in? 5 Why should they use video in football matches? 11

Listen’n’speak Pronunciation: \\T\\ vs \\f\\ 1 1 Titolo unitàStreet football 4 1.08 Listen and repeat. Our vision of the future: to use football to change the world! think final teeth feet festival thief thing finger 5 1.09 Listen and write these words in the correct column. fin thin fought thought mouth fill theft thick south throw athlete \\T\\ \\f\\ 1 Do you agree or disagree with these statements? thin, _______________ fin, ________________ ___________________ ___________________ Give reasons why/why not. ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ 1 We can use football to change the world. 2 Football is a beautiful game. 6 1.10 Now listen, check your answers and 3 Kids can play football and learn other things. 4 Football can help us learn foreign languages. repeat the words. 5 Football helps us understand people from other countries. Spoken English: so 6 Girls can play football. The word so helps to make conversation flow. Listening We use so: 2 1.07 Michael is interviewing someone to connect sentences: I wanted to play football so we went to the park. from the organisation ‘streetfootballworld’. Listen and tick the points in exercise 1 that to start a new topic: the speaker mentions. A That was a nice meal. B So, where do you want to go tomorrow? 3 1.07 P Listen again and choose the to summarise: correct answer. So, you like pop music? 1 How many member organisations are in the to ask for confirmation: So, kids play football and learn other things at the same time? ‘streetfootballworld’ network? About: a 18 b 80 c 180 7 Make this dialogue more natural by adding so 2 Why does ‘streetfootballworld’ exist? in two places. a To help children play better football. b To change the rules of football. A It was a great game today. c To change the world through football. B Do you think we’re going to win the cup? A We may do. It depends. 3 When was ‘streetfootballworld’ founded? B Well, do you fancy going out for coffee? A Yeah, let’s go to that new place in town. a 2002 b 2006 c 2010 B OK, it’s not very expensive. Friends went and they really liked it. 4 How many teams took part in the festival in A Are you ready? Germany? 8 1.11 Listen and compare your answers a 4 b 20 c 24 with the speakers. Then practise the dialogue in pairs. 5 The kids at the festival in Germany were... a the best football players. b interested in social problems. c good students. 12

1Flash on Grammar Present perfect continuous Purpose and reason We use the Present perfect continuous (have/has We use the infinitive with to/in order to/so (that) to + been + ing form) to describe: express reason or purpose. In order to is more formal. We went to the stadium to see/in order to see our actions which started in the past and which team play. continue to the moment of speaking It’s been raining since this morning. We use to/in order to before a verb. Why do they train all the time? the result of an action or event To keep fit./In order to keep fit. It’s been raining, look at the road! We use so that before a clause (a subject and a verb). an action which has just stopped They train all the time so (that) they can keep fit. It’s been raining but it has stopped. WB p. 5 how long something has lasted It’s been raining for hours. 3 Choose the correct word or phrase. WB p. 4 1 I’ve started learning Spanish because/so that I’m going to Spain for my holidays. FLASHPOINT 2 I’m having tennis lessons so/in order to I can improve my game. I’ve read the sports paper. (the focus is on the 3 I go for a walk in the park to/so keep fit. completion of the action) 4 She took up a sport in order to/so that make I’ve been reading the sports paper for 2 hours and new friends. I’ve just finished it. (the focus is on how long the 5 Some people only go to football matches to/ action has been continuing for, even if it is now so make trouble. completed) 4 Read the interview with Tony, a world 1 Put the verbs in brackets in the Present skateboarding champion, and fill in the gaps perfect continuous. with one word. 1 I _________ (learn) English for five years. A Tony, when did you get your first 2 We _________ (wait) outside the cinema for skateboard? ten minutes. B I was 4 years old. 3 Robyn _________ (not/go out) with Michael for A So you’ve (1)_______ very long. skateboarding for 16 years! 4 Have _________ (wait) long? Sorry! B Yeah, my mum and dad bought 5 You are very dirty – what _________ (do)? me the skateboard (2) _______ get me out of the house. 6 How long _________ (sit) in that chair? A And did it work? 7 They _________ (surf) the Net all day! B Well, they did it (3) _______ order to keep me 8 I _________ (not/feel) very well. I think I’ve got quiet but I (4) _______ been skateboarding ever since. a cold. A How (5) _______ have you been skateboarding professionally? 2 Complete these sentences with the Present B Since I was 14 years old. A And you’ve been (6) _______ part in competitions all perfect simple or the Present perfect that time? continuous of the verbs in brackets. B Yes, but I’ve been (7) _______ more time at home in the last few months… 1 I have ____s_e_n_t___ 50 text messages today. A Why, so (8) _______ you can get on with school? I _h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__w__ri_ti_n_g_ them all day. (send/write) B No, not really, you see, I want to stay home 2 I _________ my exams! I’m going on holiday! (9) _______ spend more time on the business. (finish) A The business? 3 We _________ to win the cup for years and B Yeah, you see, I’ve (10) _______ running my own now we _________ it! (try/win) skateboarding company, with my mum and dad. 4 People _________ football since 1848. (play) 5 The English football association _________ 5 1.12 Now listen and check your answers. since 1863. (exist) 6 Brazil _________ the World Cup five times. (win) 13 7 They _________ for nearly 90 minutes and they _________ a single goal. (play/not score) 8 We can’t play football. It _________ all day. (snow)

Flash on Skills 11 Titolo unitàThe Olympic Games Before you read 1 What do you know about the Olympics? Do this quiz to find out. 1 The Olympic rings stand for... 6 The Russians have been taking part in the Games since... a the five senses. b the five continents. a 1908. b 1952. 2 How long is the marathon race? 7 Which country has never won a medal? a 24 km. b 42 km. a Italy. b El Salvador. 3 The first modern Olympics were in... 8 Which country has won the most medals? a 1896. b 1921. a USA. b China. 4 Women have taken part in the Games since... 9 The UK has hosted the Summer Olympics... a 1896. b 1900. a once. b three times. 5 There were no Games in... 10 How many medals has the UK won so far at the Summer a 1920. b 1944. Olympics? a 628. b 780. Reading 2 Now read the text to check your answers. The Olympic Flag Russia Not Present The five rings of the Olympic flag symbolise the five Only a few Russian athletes took part in the 1908 and 1912 continents. Olympics. Russia has been competing regularly since the 1952 Games. Real Gold Medals Worst records The Olympic ‘gold’ medals haven’t been real gold since 1912. Saudi Arabia has never won a gold Olympic medal. They have been competing since 1972. The First Marathon El Salvador has also never won an Olympic medal. In 490 BC, a Greek soldier ran from Marathon to Best records Athens to inform the Athenians that the war with Persia was over. ‘We’ve won’ he said, and fell down The USA has won more medals (2,189) at the Summer Games than and died. The first modern marathon, in 1896, at the any other country. They have taken part in all of the Games except first modern Olympic Games, was approximately in 1980. the same length as the first marathon (42.195 kilometres). UK at the Olympics Women The UK is one of only three nations (France and Switzerland are the others) to have competed at every Summer and Winter Women did not take part in the first modern Olympic Games. London was the first and only city to host the Olympics in 1896. They have been participating in Olympics on three occasions (in 1908, 1948 and 2012). Athletes the Olympics since the second Games in 1900. representing the UK have won 780 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 22 at the Winter Olympic Games. Cancelled Games The UK is the only team to have won at least one gold medal at every Summer Games. Because of World War I and World War II, there were no Olympic Games in 1916, 1940 and 1944. 14

3 Read the text again and answer these questions. 1Culture 1 Who ran the first marathon and why? Speaking 2 Why were there no Olympics in 1940 and 1944? 3 How long has Saudi Arabia been taking part in 5 Work in pairs. Imagine you are an ambassador the Games? 4 Which Games did the USA miss? for International Inspiration. Make a speech to 5 When did the UK host the Olympic Games? collect money for the organisation: say why it is a good thing, why you need the money, etc. Listening STUDY SKILLS 4 1.13 P You will hear someone talking Extensive reading about ‘International Inspiration’. Choose the correct answer. Extensive reading is when you read a lot of text quickly to get the main idea about a topic you like 1 ‘International Inspiration’ aims to... and are interested in. The Internet, like books, can be a very useful source a improve the lives of children and young of reading material. You can read a lot of material, people around the world. you can choose what to read and you don’t have to b improve the lives of children and young stop and explain the text, just keep reading. people in the UK. c make children and young people more Tips! aware of the Games. Don’t stop, keep reading when you don’t 2 ‘International Inspiration’ works in... understand a word. Don’t choose very difficult texts. Choose ‘easy’ a the developed world. b the developing world. texts so you can read quickly. c the whole world. If you do want to check a word, use an online 3 ‘International Inspiration’ wants children to... dictionary. Use the Internet to find texts you like. a take part in the Games. When you stop reading, make a few brief notes b do more sport. c work harder at school. about what you have read. Try not to take notes while you are reading: keep going. 4 In how many countries is ‘International Inspiration’ already working? 6 Use the Internet to find out interesting facts a 12. b 10. c 8. about an international sports event e.g. the Winter Olympics, the Football World Cup... 5 Which of these countries is not mentioned? Read and find out the following about the event. a India. b Paraguay. c Jordan. The Flag 6 How many schools had the organisation linked Medals by 2012? The First Competition Important people connected with the sport a 200. b 100. c 300. Women in the sport Worst/Best records 7 Who are the ambassadors for ‘International How it has changed over the years Inspiration’? Your country in the competition a Top sports stars. Writing b Top film stars. c Famous athletes. 7 T Write a text (about 130 words) for a website summing up the information collected from the Internet: use the text and headings above as a model. Then swap your texts with other students. Read each other’s work and learn from each other. 15

2 A Better World D The world we live in 1 Match the photos to the problems. A BC 1 hunger 2 natural disasters 3 pollution 4 homelessness 2 1.14 Listen and read the text. Which of the problems in exercise 1 are mentioned? If the world were a village… The last century was a century of war, disease, natural disasters, poverty and pollution. What can we do to make this century better? Would you manage if you had fewer possessions? Would you be happy if you didn’t have a roof over your head? Let’s think about our global village. Today, if the earth were a village with only 100 people in it, the village would look something like this: 60 people in the village would be Asians. 43 people would 12 people would be Europeans. not have a health 9 would be from (1) _____________ America. system to protect them 5 people would be from North America. from disease. 13 people would be Africans. 18 people would not drink clean water. 1 person would be from Oceania (Australia and the 6 people would (4) _____________ 59% of the wealth of the Pacific Islands). village. 50 people would be women. 33 people would suffer from malnutrition. 50 people would be (2) _____________ . 16 people would not be able to read: they would be 33 people would be Christian. (5) _____________ . 67 people would be non-Christian. 88 people wouldn’t have a computer. 41 people would live in towns and (3) _____________ . 92 people wouldn’t have an (6) _____________ connection. 9 people would be disabled. 48 people would live on two US dollars a day. So, if you have a house, food and clothes, you are luckier than 75% of the world’s population. So, be grateful for your good luck and do your best to make the world a better place for others. 3 1.14 Read the text again and put these FLASH FORWARD words in the gaps. Then listen again and Which of the above facts are a) surprising and check your answers. b) worrying? Write some notes about the things you feel grateful cities South own internet illiterate men for in your life. 16

GRAMMAR 2 Second conditional Vocabulary: Global problems If the earth were a village, 1 person would be 5 Put the words into the correct category in the from Oceania. Would you manage if you had fewer table below. possessions? Would you be happy if you didn’t have a roof disease bullying loneliness terrorism over your head? drugs human rights climate change illiteracy robbery racism unemployment Find more examples of the second conditional in the text. Underline them. Environment climate change FLASHPOINT Education In written English we use were in all persons in Social problems the if clause. If I were you…/If she were here… Health In spoken English we often say: Political problems If I was…/If she was... Crime 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form 6 1.15 Listen and check. of the verbs in brackets. You can use contractions such as I’d (I would). Say it! 1 If I _k_n_e_w__ (know) the answer, I’ _d__te_l_l (tell) you. 7 Which of the problems above are the most 2 I would spend more money on education if I ______ (be) Prime Minister. serious in your country? Why? 3 If the world were a village, 50 people ______ (be) men. 8 How could we solve the problems above? 4 If I ______ (have) the power, I ______ (stop) pollution. In pairs, make suggestions using the ideas 5 If I ______ (have) a computer, I ______ (surf) below and your own ideas. the Internet. 6 If fast food ______ (not/be) cheap, people build new hospitals make electric cars cheaper ______ (not/eat) it. create jobs have more police officers 7 What ______ you ______ (do) if you ______ have more doctors have stricter laws (have) a million euros? punish drug traffickers 8 ______ we ______ (have) fewer wars if women ______ (have) more power? If we built more schools, there would be less illiteracy. 9 He _____ (play) basketball if he _____ (be) taller. Write it! 10 She ______ (not/live) in Brazil if she ______ (marry) an American. 9 T Now collect your ideas and write an article of about 130 words on global problems and their solutions. 17

2 2If I ruleTd ithteowloorldunità 1 1.16 Read and listen to the texts. wlwwoiotsvoIlhhol‘oc’edWuddreheuei-lllfongldedrepaddion,.kdsvsleuTl’hoitestevdchuniabameaosde’rnrettnrnteyoidodaeoenorfnodnIwehtrnys.oweemeso.Imnlbyuowpwooesulnteguotdoelhaguegndumcayehl’lhctdrdy.thstboIoohogaotetuea’nnhsatnvgentetgeorhyea.oerIsgflsoouItnormreeduseshl,teassodn…omdtc’hehtehtiloedrreen Robyn is writing an article for Teenscene called ‘If I ruled the world’. She is interviewing her friends. ‘wImdlffiIoWoovfioIcleuwtloellreriherladooeduoetdrnhuawlarn.heslaatedn.oeedFvoddaTalaecpfntamhrlchhsepetyelpoieooiw.ellyodnoitorTewohroejaphsmeoreotdrlanebsersuceatl.shocdnfn’mts,oeFou,ooyrieaunnountrpskhltitogadchprpeeetlhhieelooehylbeiceopsjc,arinoi.srrolavuecotbsuTelhthnulsootnyt-iegoohlrdtfdmbahfnoraaortiurenyeeeprty,son.slayoc.oyhumonoeglnltpe:eaIovpewrleos;u.’ ld ‘bwwfbtIeflbofuoooxeooarirtIcpuulnhdaaerlltododdulunhflsmss.lsep.pbefeiPorLvidaevteerteiyeafeoehaterlfphme.yochbylweMoreooepnoecswrtaosucdeapthooeneliilodcttrorrr’aia.ltuttndbxlhslsae,Oodee.wsfaIfnhafTnooin’wl,phtttdnroyeehhodedweoutrsiosphtblei,ydauocleiaesrghrrten,geefpIodatm’adovtroohmtuyera…riketeewjutsohsinuteglmdjeorkbfsrieneagean.d’ 2 Complete these sentences with information from the text. FLASH FORWARD Use a word or phrase. Continue Michael’s joke and make up a crazy manifesto; you can use these topics 1 Antonio: There should be fewer ________ on the planet. and your own ideas. 2 Antonio: We don’t have enough ________ for everybody. 3 Anna: I would build more ________ and schools. school pizza football 4 Anna: There would not be any ________ on the holidays homework streets. 5 Michael: ________ should not be too expensive for poor If I ruled the world, there would be no people. homework… pizza would be free… 6 Michael: The poor should pay less ________ than the rich. 18

6 Match words from the chart with these 2 GRAMMAR phrases. too/enough 1 There are too many chemicals in the Medicines now are too expensive for a lot of food we eat and in the atmosphere. ________ people... They are too poor to buy food and clothes for 2 There aren’t enough jobs for people. ________ their children. There are not enough jobs for school leavers. 3 There is no war – how wonderful! ________ That’s not enough to live on. 4 We don’t build enough homes for Find more examples of these structures in the texts. Underline them. everyone. ________ 5 When people are not ill. ________ 6 The thing schools give us. ________ 7 Ideas and activities relating to gaining and using power in a country. ________ FLASHPOINT 8 Parts that work together as a whole We say: for a particular purpose. ________ enough money (enough + noun) hot enough (adjective + enough) FUNCTIONS 3 Make complete sentences using too or Expressing ideas enough. If I ruled the world, I’d… If I had the power, I would… 1 I / young / drive / car If I could, I’d… I am too young to drive a car. I think we should (all)… 2 I was / tired / get up 3 Chinese / difficult / learn Say it! 4 I didn’t / have / time / do the shopping 5 Our team / not good / beat / Manchester United 7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. 6 You / not / talented / be a star A What would you do about poverty? Vocabulary: Word building B If I had the power, I would create jobs. What 4 Find these words in the texts in this unit. Then about you? A I’d take money from the rich and give it to the complete the table below with words deriving from them. poor. B What would you do about the homeless? natural pollution peaceful health politics A If I could, I would build more houses. And influence unemployment homeless create education system you? Noun Verb Adjective Write it! nature – natural 8 T Write about five problems and your pollution pollute polluted _____________ _____________ _____________ solutions. _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Problem: _____________ _____________ _____________ There are too many cars on _____________ _____________ _____________ the roads. _____________ _____________ _____________ There aren’t enough trees _____________ _____________ _____________ or parks in our cities. _____________ _____________ _____________ Solution: 5 1.17 Listen and check your answers. I would ban cars from the city centre. I would plant more trees/ build more parks. 19

Listen’n’speak Pronunciation 2 2 Titolo unitàWe are the world 1 Discuss: What do people protest about nowadays? How do they protest? Does protesting Second conditional – stress and intonation make a difference? Discuss these examples. 1 A violent anti-war protest On the If clause the voice goes up, on the second 2 A rock concert for the poor clause it goes down. 3 A petition against poverty 4 A protest against food prices 4 1.19 Listen and repeat. 2 1.18 You will hear part of an interview 1 If I gave up singing, I’d be a politician. 2 If we got a million signatures, that would with Polo, a member of a rock band. How be great. can teenagers help to end poverty? 3 1.18 P Listen again and choose the 3 If you weren’t in a rock band, what would you like to be? correct answer. 1 Why did Polo decide to become a singer? 5 1.20 Add arrows (up and down) to these a Because he had a good voice. b Because his family was poor. sentences. Then listen and check. c Because he wanted to be famous. 1 If you were Prime Minister, what would you do? 2 If Polo became a politician, he would... 2 If we spent less on weapons, there’d be more a make more money. money for poor countries. b fight for justice. 3 If you didn’t eat for 30 hours, you would know c be more famous. what it feels like to be hungry! 4 If people knew what it was like to be poor, they 3 If Polo were Prime Minister, he’d... would help. a sell the poor more things. b visit poor countries. Spoken English c spend more money on poor countries. 4 Why are concerts useful? Giving examples a A lot of people go to them. b They make a lot of money. In written and spoken English, we say for c They are about love. example or for instance, but we can also use: for a start, for one thing, let’s take... 5 According to Polo, what do politicians worry about? Let’s take petitions... a Losing power. For one thing, concerts are a good way to reach a b Fighting poverty. lot of people. c The Internet. When we give more examples we can say another 6 What do kids in Canada do to fight poverty? thing. a They send food to the poor. b They eat less food. 6 Add the above phrases to make this dialogue c They sign petitions. sound more natural. Then practise in pairs. A There are so many problems in the world. There’s poverty. B But what can we do to help? We can’t do anything. A Yes, we can. We can create more jobs. B But there are millions unemployed. There’s nothing we can do. A Yes, there is! If we built more roads, there would be more jobs. 20

Second conditional Flash on Grammar 2 We use if with the Past simple and would/might/ 3 Use the prompts in the box and make could + infinitive in the main clause: sentences about yourself. to talk about unreal situations and hypotheses If I won the lottery, I’d travel around the world. have a lot of talent have a plane If we saved enough money, we could buy a car. have a lot of free time have the power live on your own be rich be a genius for giving advice and making suggestions If I were you, I’d talk to your teacher about If I had a lot of talent, I’d… that. t oo/enough to talk about situations that do not exist If everyone had clean water, fewer people too + adjective + for + noun would die. too + adjective + to infinitive (not) + adjective + enough (+ to infinitive) WB p. 12 enough + noun (+ to infinitive) 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form WB p. 13 of the verbs. 4 Complete the gaps with too or enough. 1 If I ___________ (have) more time, I ___________ (do) voluntary work. 1 I didn’t finish my homework because I didn’t 2 If we ___________ (be) so tired, we have___e_n_o_u_g_h___ time to do it. ___________ (go) jogging. 2 The weather isn’t warm ___________ for a 3 You ___________ (lose) your keys if you picnic. ___________ (put) them in a safe place. 3 I didn’t finish the test because the questions 4 If I ___________ (find) a wallet, I ___________ were ___________ difficult to answer. (take) it to the police station. 4 Do you have ___________ money to buy a new 5 I ___________ (invite) you to the theatre if you laptop? ___________ (like) it. 5 A new CD player is ___________ expensive so 6 We ___________ (go) swimming if there I’ll just use my old one. ___________ (be) a swimming pool in the 6 He’s ___________ short to play basketball. neighbourhood. 7 She doesn’t take ___________ exercise; she’s not very fit. 2 Match the two halves of the sentences 5 Complete the dialogue with one or two words (columm A and B). Be careful! Some are first conditional and some are second conditional. in each space. Then add a comment from column C. Sam How would you change your life if you 1 If it weren’t too cold to live in England, I’d buy (1)___________ 16 again? a house there. But I’m happy in Spain. Jo If I were 16 again, I (2)___________ do a lot of crazy things. A BC Sam What (3)___________ you do? Jo First of all, I (4)___________ travel around 1 If it weren’t too cold I’ll be very unhappy. And if we did more the world. to live in England, sports. Sam Which countries would you visit? Jo If I (5)___________ the time and money, I’d 2 School would be if it wasn’t so It’s already eight go to Zanzibar. more fun dangerous. o’clock. Sam Why don’t you? You’re not (6)___________ I’d buy a house But I can’t even old to travel. 3 You’ll be late for there. sing! Jo Yes, I’m still young (7)___________ to travel school but it’s (8)___________ expensive. Sam What other things would you do 4 If you leave me, if you don’t get up It frightens me. (9)___________ you were a teenager again? 5 I’d go bungee now. Promise you’ll love Jo I (10)___________ fall in love, again and you’ll break a me forever! again. jumping window. Sam And if love (11)___________ your heart? Jo Yes, love can break your heart. But I 6 If I were more if we had fewer But I’m happy in (12)__________ not complain. Life is too musical, lessons. Spain. short. Why don’t you play 7 If you kick that ball I’d play the piano. outside? inside the house, 21

Flash on Skills B 2 2 Titolo unitàWhat was the Great Depression? Before you listen 1 Look at the photos from the Great Depression. What problems did people face in those days? M atch the captions with the pictures. A 1 A poor man and his C young children 2 A man in search of work 3 Foodline 4 Farming Listening 2 1.21 Listen to three Americans talking about the Depression. Match each speaker with the correct photo. Speaker 1 ___ Speaker 2 ___ Speaker 3 ___ Reading 3 Read the text. Which photos would you choose to go with the text? Why? The Great Depression travelled from place to place to find work in other towns. They were too poor to have a car or buy train In the 1930s, the Great Depression started in the US tickets so most people hitchhiked or got free lifts and then spread to many other countries. For many on trains. Many of these ‘rail riders’ were teenagers, people, the Depression began on October 24, 1929, but there were also older men, women, and their Black Thursday, the day the New York stock market families travelling like this. crashed. Thousands of investors lost large sums of money and many lost everything. Banks, shops, and When Franklin D. Roosevelt became President in factories closed and left millions of people poor, 1932, his ‘new deal’ spent more money to create jobless and homeless. jobs. Some European countries, too, tried to create new jobs by public works such as building roads, During this time, a lot of people lived in poverty. bridges and improving the railways. They did not have enough money to buy food and clothes. In the worst year of the Great But all this was not enough to end the Great Depression, 1933, in most western countries, one Depression. Unfortunately, the Great Depression in four workers was unemployed. There were not only ended with World War II (1939-1945). People enough government programmes to help the poor. at last found jobs because governments built Moreover, most women did not work, so if the weapons, ships and aeroplanes to fight the war; husband lost his job, the family did not have enough they grew food so people would have enough to money to live on. eat – to fight the war. It was too difficult to find work locally, so many unemployed people started ‘walking the road’, they 22

D 2CLIL 4 P Read the text again and write T (true) or F Speaking (false). 6 A friend has asked you ‘What was the Great 1 The Great Depression started in the Depression?’ Give them a simple explanation, using the information in the text. First, take United States. ___ notes from the text. Use the following questions to help you. 2 Millions of people were poor. ___ When did the Great Depression start? 3 Most workers had a job. ___ How did it begin? How did people’s lives change? 4 Most women went out to work. ___ What were some of the problems they faced? How did they try to solve the problems? 5 People went to live in other towns. ___ What did governments do? How did the Great Depression end? 6 Teenagers went to live in the countryside. ___ Writing 7 The President of the USA in 1932 was 7 You want to be elected president. Prepare your John Kennedy. ___ manifesto as a leaflet to give to other pupils. 8 European countries did not have a Add problems and solutions to this chart. depression in the 1930s. ___ AWBOERTLTDER 9 The depression ended before the PROBLEM Second World War. ___ NOT ENOUGH SCHOOLS TOO MUCH POLLUTION 10 The Second World War began in 1939. ___ NOT ENOUGH HOMES TOO MUCH POVERTY 5 Translate the words in bold in the text into TOO MUCH CRIME ____________________________ your own language. ____________________________ ____________________________ STUDY SKILLS SOLUTION Tips for speaking BUILD MORE SCHOOLS Don’t worry about making mistakes – mistakes BAN TRAFFIC; USE BICYCLES show you are learning something new. _______________________________ _______________________________ Good speakers are good listeners – listen to other _______________________________ people and respond to them. 8 Sum up the information in the manifesto and It’s OK to pause and think about what you’re going to say next: er…erm... is fine, but don’t write about your plans as a president. overdo it! If I had the power, I’d build more schools and better schools! Use expressions to help you gain time while you are thinking: I mean, you know what I mean, you see, it’s sort of. Speak English in class. Read a lot of different genres: magazines, newspapers, comics... Learn useful expressions: for instance, for one thing, let’s take, well, first of all, let me think… 23

Flashback Second conditional 4 Complete the following sentences with the verbs 1 Titolo unitàGRAMMAR in brackets. Use the second conditional. 2 2Present perfect continuous 1 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect or Present perfect continuous of the 0 If you _h_a_d_n_’t_ enough money, I_’d__le_n_d_ you verbs in brackets. some. (not/have/lend) 0 I _h_a_v_e_n_’_t _le__a_rn_t_ French yet. (not/learn) 1 If I _______ taller, I _______ basketball. (be/ 1 I ________ to France. (never/be) play) 2 I ________ emails all day. (write) 2 I _______ and see a doctor if I _______ you. 3 She ________ in love with another guy. (fall) (go/be) 4 I ________ my wallet. I can’t find it. (lose) 3 I _______ a better guitarist if I _______ more. 5 I’m tired. I ________ all morning. I still haven’t (be/practise) finished. (work) 4 They _______ more money if they _______ it. 6 The roads are wet. It ________! (rain) (have/not/waste) 7 You ________ TV since this morning. That’s 5 If I _______ in the country, I _______ bored. enough! (watch) (live/get) 8 The US ________ since 1776. (exist) 6 She _______ to Canada if she _______ a job. 9 I ________ English for five years. (learn) (not/move/have) 7 You _______ more friends if you _______ out 9 more. (make/go) Purpose and reason 14 2 Choose the correct word or phrase. 5 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. 0 We went to Tokyo so that/_to_ visit friends. 1 I’m learning English because/so I want to study Use the first or second conditional. in London. 2 I read books in English so/to improve my pay visit be have (x2) win drive finish reading skills. 3 I’ve stopped eating bread in order to/because 0 We _’_d__p_a_y_ for the window if we broke it. lose weight. 1 You _______ an accident if you’re not careful. 4 She studies hard so that/in order to she can 2 If we get a new car, we _______ to Los Angeles. get a good mark. 3 If we _______ a bigger house, I’d have a room 5 They went to bed early in order to/because of my own. they were tired. 4 If we _______ our homework, we’ll go out. 5 You’d have more free time if you _______ a 5 teacher. 6 I _______ my uncle and aunt if I go to 3 Match the actions and the reasons. Australia. 7 If Lucy _______ a million pounds, she’d give 0 b I’ve started going to the gym, … some money to charity. 1 I’ve changed my hair, … 2 I’ve been going to bed late, … 7 3 I’ve been having piano lessons, … 4 I’ve been going skiing every week, … too/enough 5 I’ve been saving all my pocket money, … 6 Complete the gaps with too or enough. a so I can buy my friend a present. 0 Your hair is ___to_o___ long. Get a haircut. b so that I can keep fit. 1 This coffee is _______ hot to drink. c so I can look different. 2 I don’t have _______ money to buy an MP3. d because I’ve been going to a lot of parties. 3 Chinese is _______ difficult for me. e in order to learn to play better. 4 You don’t eat _______ food. f because we’ve had a lot of snow. 5 They’re _______ short to be in the team. 6 You don’t read _______ books in English. 5 6 24

1Flashback 1 0 Write E (equipment), L (location), or S (sport). Round up! 2 0 whistle __E_ 8 water polo ___ 7 Complete these dialogues with one or two words. 1 surfing ___ 9 court ___ 0 A What have you __b_e_e_n__ doing in your English class? 2 surfboard ___ 10 ice skating ___ B We _h_a_v_e__b_e_e_n_ doing the Present perfect. 1 A _______ you been learning English long? 3 pitch ___ 11 course ___ B I _______ learning English for five years. 2 A _______ have you been living here? 4 motor racing ___ 12 gloves ___ B I’ve been _______ here all my life. 3 A You look tired. _______ been going to bed late? 5 skiing ___ 13 stadium ___ B No, I’ve _______ working all night. 4 A _______ have you and Paul been going out? 6 skis ___ 14 circuit ___ B We’ve been going out _______ two weeks. 5 A How long have _______ feeling ill? 7 slope ___ 15 ring ___ B I _______ bad last night. 15 10 Global problems 8 Find the extra word. 11 Complete these words for problems using the 0 I’ve been have living here since I was a child. clues in brackets. 1 They’re passing the ball to Messi so to he can score. 0 _d_is_e_a_s_e_ (illnesses, bad health) 2 I’ve been have learning English for years. 1 natural d_______s (like floods, fires, earthquakes) 3 I learnt to drive in order to that have more 2 p_______n (dirty air and water) freedom. 3 home_______s (no home) 4 She crashed the car because of she was careless. 4 po_______y (no money) 5 They’ve been be trying to change the rules of 5 un_______ment (no work) football. 6 h_______r (no food) 6 I gave you the money to so buy a pullover. 7 l_______ness (no friends) 7 It’s enough too hot in here. 8 il_______y (can’t read or write) 8 We don’t have too enough time to walk to 9 climate c_______e (weather changing) school. 9 8 FUNCTIONS VOCABULARY Expressing ideas Sport 12 Put the words in the correct order. 9 Choose the correct word: a, b or c. A How was the concert? B (0) _It__w_a_s__a_w_f_u_l_–__I _h_a_te__d_i_t. (awful / It / was – 0 He _p_a_s_s_e_d_ the ball to Jones. it / I / hated) A Why? a won b passed c took B Well, (1) _________________. (too / the / loud / music / was) 1 How many goals did you _______? A Too loud? B Yeah, (2) _________________. (the / was / a score b pass c lose terrible / sound) A But they are a good band! 2 He was the best _______ in the team. B Well, in my opinion (3) _________________. (enough / they / good / weren’t) a play b game c player A What was the singer like? B I couldn’t hear him. (4) _________________. 3 It’s against the _______ to pick up the ball. (his / voice / loud / was / too) A Perhaps the (5) _________________! a game b foul c rules (microphone / mouth / close / was / his / to / too) B How long was the concert? 4 Ronaldo is going to _______ the corner. A (6) _________________. (and / long / it / boring / was / too) a make b take c score 6 5 He _______ a lot of fouls. a committed b lost c did 6 We _______ the match because they were better. a fouled b wasted c lost 6 Total: 100 25

3 Popular Legends Vampires: then and now A 1 Which adjectives could you use to describe these characters? Discuss your choices in pairs. handsome beautiful terrifying ugly innocent sad romantic evil BC 2 1.22 Listen and read the text. Did you use to like ghost stories when you Then: People used to believe that you became a were young? What about vampire stories? vampire when an animal jumped over your grave. What did people use to believe about Now: In films, to become a vampire, another vampire vampires? What do people think today? has to bite you! Let’s look at how vampires have changed over the centuries… Then: People used to think that vampires could appear during the day or night. Then: People used to really believe in vampires. Now: In a lot of Hollywood films, vampires are afraid Now: Today, we do not believe in vampires; but in of the light and only come out at night. January 2005, in Birmingham, England, there were rumours that an attacker bit his victims; some people Then: You only used to read about vampires in were afraid of being attacked by a vampire in the novels: the first was Bram Stoker’s Dracula. (1897) streets of the city. Now: They have become popular in novels, films and TV programmes. Shows featuring vampires are Then: In folklore, vampires didn’t use to be rich and watched by millions of TV viewers. handsome: they were poor, ugly people. Now: Hollywood vampires are usually handsome and Then: In literature, vampires didn’t use to be aristocratic; when they are female, they are beautiful. romantic heroes, they were evil. Now: Today, vampires are often sympathetic; 3 Read the text again and answer these questions. Stephenie Meyer’s teenage hero, Edward Cullen, is a mysterious, romantic hero. 1 What did people think the attacker in Birmingham did? Then: A vampire used to be a terrifying monster. 2 What did vampires look like in the past? Now: A vampire is a sad outcast from society. 3 What do Hollywood vampires look like now? 4 How do people become vampires in films? Then: Vampire stories used to be adult stories and 5 Who wrote the first novel about Dracula? aimed at an adult market. 6 Who is the author of the Twilight novels? Now: Millions of teenagers love reading Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight for the romance between schoolgirl, Bella Swan, and her handsome vampire teenage boyfriend, Edward. FLASH FORWARD Have you read Dracula or Twilight or seen any films about vampires? Write a short paragraph describing the story. 26

3 GRAMMAR Vocabulary: Childhood used to for past actions and states 7 When you were young, which of these things People used to really believe in vampires. did you believe in, were you afraid of or did Vampires didn’t use to be romantic heroes. you enjoy? Put the words or expressions into Did you use to like ghost stories when you were the best category for you. young? ghosts Father Christmas UFOs the dark Find more examples of used to in the text. fairy tales going to school spiders tests Underline them. bedtime stories playing with toys FLASHPOINT going to bed early being alone at home Remember the question is Did you use to…? strangers certain kinds of food NOT Did you used to...? sleeping alone playing on the swings certain animals empty houses meeting new people 4 Complete these sentences with used to or Believe in Afraid of Enjoy didn’t use to. ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ 200 years ago… ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ 1 People ___u_s_e_d__to___ travel by horse. ____________ ____________ ____________ 2 People ___________ watch TV. 3 Young people ___________ believe in vampires. FUNCTIONS 4 People ___________ read about vampires in novels like Dracula. Talking about states in the past 5 Children ___________ play computer games. 6 People ___________ go to the cinema. I used to be terrified of spiders. I used to be nervous about visiting the doctor. 5 Make questions using the sentences in Say it! exercise 4. 8 In pairs, make statements about your own Did people use to travel by horse? childhood. Say it! A I used to be afraid of ghosts. B I didn’t use to enjoy fairy tales. 6 Do you know the names of these objects? Write it! Make statements using used to. 9 Write about your and your partner’s childhood. Then Now I used to be afraid of ghosts but I’m not now. Paul didn’t use to believe in UFOs. He still doesn’t believe in them. My mother used to listen to music cassettes with a cassette recorder. Now I listen to music with my MP3. 27

3 Titolo unità 1 1.23 Listen and read. Who is afraid of 3 W e us ed to tel l ghost stories... 2 Who’s afraid of what? Write Anna, Night of the Vampires? Antonio, Michael or Robyn. Michael Oops! There must be a power cut. 1 the dark _____________ Robyn Oh, no, what are we going to do now? Michael It happened yesterday, too. I was having a 2 ghost stories _____________ shower when the lights went out! 3 spiders _____________ Anna Really! Robyn Horrible. I used to be really afraid of the dark… 4 the dentist _____________ I would stay awake for hours. 3 Make questions using the following Michael Oh, I don’t mind it. Antonio I’ve got an idea; why don’t we tell ghost stories? prompts. Robyn Ghost stories? No, please, they give me the 1 Why / lights / go / out? creeps. Why did the lights go out? Anna We used to tell ghost stories at camp; we 2 Who / use / be / afraid of the dark? 3 Who / like / ghost stories? would sit around the campfire and we’d take 4 Who / use / go / to camp? turns to tell a story. I wasn’t really scared. 5 What / they / do / at camp? Robyn My dad used to tell me ghost stories, terrifying; 6 What / Robyn’s dad / use / do? I would lie awake in bed, afraid to switch the light off… 4 Now ask and answer the questions in Antonio Oh, ghost stories are fun. Anna Aren’t you afraid of anything? I hate spiders… pairs. creepy. Antonio So do I. You know, the other day, I was sitting FLASH FORWARD at my desk when I felt something crawling down my back – it was a spider – ugh! Do you know what most people are most Michael The only thing I’m scared of is going to the afraid of? Can you guess what Michael is dentist. going to say? Write things... Antonio That’s not scary. What’s the scariest film (a) you used to be afraid of when you were you’ve ever seen? y oung; Robyn Night of the Vampires. I was watching it alone (b) you are afraid of now. at home the other day – frightening… I used to be afraid of dogs… Now I’m afraid Anna Night of the Vampires – scary! of flying… Michael Do you know what most people are most afraid of? Guess… 28

3 GRAMMAR FUNCTIONS would vs used to Describing fears would: past actions I am/feel... terrified/afraid/scared of going We would sit around the campfire. into an empty house at night. used to: past actions and states nervous/anxious/worried We used to tell ghost stories at camp. about going to the doctor. I used to be really afraid of the dark. sad/miserable/depressed/upset Find more examples of used to and would in because we have problems with the dialogue and underline them. Are they friends. used with actions or states? confused/puzzled when we FLASHPOINT don’t understand something. Would is followed by an infinitive without to. Something is... frightening/scary/creepy/ She would tell us stories. terrifying/worrying/depressing/ 5 Rewrite the sentences with would where possible. upsetting. 1 There used to be a great cinema in town. 7 What feelings do people often have in the We used to go to the cinema every Saturday. We would go to the cinema every Saturday. following situations? 2 My grandfather used to be a police officer. He often used to work at night. big dogs barking 3 Our grandmother used to be a great storyteller. flying in an aeroplane for the first time She used to tell us amazing stories. seeing a snake 4 My grandfather was very kind. He used to buy going to the dentist us sweets and mum and dad used to complain. having an important exam 5 I used to be very shy. I used to go to parties walking home in the dark and not speak to anyone. having no money 6 I used to have a bicycle. I used to ride it all having no friends around the city. speaking in public meeting strangers Vocabulary: Negative feelings They often feel terrified of big dogs barking. 6 1.24 Match the words with the pictures. Say it! Then listen and check. 8 Talk about how you feel in the situations sad scared confused worried above. Compare with a partner. Which 1 _____________ 2 _____________ feelings do you share with your partner? Write it! 9 T Write notes about something that frightened you when you were a child but doesn’t now. Use these questions to help you. What was the thing or event that made you feel afraid? What did you do when you felt that way? How old were you? Did anyone know about your fear? Did your parents/friends help you? What did they do? How do you feel about the thing now? 3 _____________ 4 _____________ 29

33Listen’n’speak unità TitoloSpooky 1 Before you listen. Answer these questions in pairs and then report back to the class with your findings. 1 Do you sleep with the light on or off? 2 Do you like being in the house alone? 3 What would you do if you heard strange noises in the middle of the night? 4 Have you ever had a strange experience, something you couldn’t explain? 2 1.25 Listen to these sounds. Match them Pronunciation: used to vs use with the descriptions. Write 1-8. Used to is pronounced differently from the verb to use: used to has an /s/ sound, while to use someone opening a door knocking has a /z/ sound. driving a car a car door closing 6 1.27 Listen and repeat. going down the stairs sleeping a doorbell ringing a mobile ringing 3 1.26 Listen to two stories and match the 1 Used 2 Use to titles with the stories. There are two titles you 3 I used to be afraid of dogs. don’t need. 4 Did you use to be afraid of dogs? 5 I didn’t use to be afraid of cats. Home alone A mysterious journey 6 You should use a pencil. The ghost My strange grandmother 7 I prefer to use a pen. 8 I used my mobile phone. Story 1 _____________ Story 2 _____________ 9 Did you use to live in Rome? 4 1.26 Listen again and match the pictures 7 1.28 Write /s/ or /z/ after each of the with story 1 or story 2. following phrases. Then listen and check. An Bn 1 I didn’t use to have a mobile. ___ Cn Dn 2 My grandmother has never used a computer. ___ 3 I’m used to using the Internet. ___ 4 I never used to go camping. ___ 5 We used to live in a different house. ___ 6 I didn’t use to go to parties. ___ Spoken English: Hyperbole 5 Use the pictures and these prompts to retell We often exaggerate when we speak about fear: story 1. Add your own ending to the story. I was scared – I was dead scared I was afraid – I was petrified stay grandmother feel the bed shaking I was frightened – I was absolutely terrified I hear a knocking grandmother sleep next door I was afraid – I was trembling with fear room empty go into the kitchen living room empty alone in the house my bedroom, lock the door 8 Tell the class about a frightening experience; sleep wake up hear a voice exaggerate using the expressions above. outside my bedroom say my name I covered my head with the blankets and in the end… These horrible dogs attacked me – I was petrified… I heard strange noises in the night – I was trembling with fear… 30

3Flash on Grammar used to would vs used to We use used to for actions and states which We use would for actions which continued or continued or were repeated over a period of time were repeated over a period of time in the past in the past but have now stopped. but have now stopped. People used to live in villages; they didn’t use to Would can’t be used to talk about states in the travel a lot. past. Did they use to watch TV? Tom used to be very thin when he was younger. WB p. 20 I used to live in London, but I moved to Edinburgh. When I was younger I used to/would spend 1 Complete with used to or didn’t use to. hours kicking a ball. 1 China ___u_s_e_d__to____ have an emperor, but it WB p. 20 doesn’t anymore. 2 200 years ago, people ____________ travel by 5 Look at these examples of used to and would. air, but they fly a lot now. 3 In the past, most people ____________ live in Match the questions to the correct examples. villages. Now they live in towns. 4 In the 19th century, people ____________ eat 1 Which examples are about habits in the past? fast food. They do now. 2 Which example is about a state in the past? 5 When I was young, we ____________ go 3 In which example is it not possible to use camping. I don’t go anymore. ‘would’? 6 We ____________ have a lot of cinemas, but now there are only a few. a I used to visit my grandparents in the summer. 7 People ____________ work in the fields. Now b We would play in the park at the weekend. most people work in offices. c We used to have a kitten. 8 We ____________ have sports centres but there are lot of them now. 6 Underline the correct answers. In some cases 2 Rewrite the sentences using used to or didn’t it is possible to use both used to and would. use to. 1 My favourite teacher, Mrs Cooper, used to/would tell us stories. 1 I didn’t travel a lot. 2 Our primary school teacher used to/would I didn’t use to travel a lot. shout at us. 2 I liked ice cream. 3 Mrs Cooper used to/would wear her glasses 3 I was one of the tallest kids in the class. on her head. 4 I never liked swimming when I was young. 4 Mrs Cooper used to/would live in a house 5 They were good friends. near the school. 6 We didn’t have computers. 5 I used to/would have a lot of toys in my 7 The teacher explained things very well. bedroom. 6 My grandparents didn’t use to/wouldn’t have 3 Make questions using these prompts. computers at school. When I was young… 7 Look at what Julia has written about herself in 1 I ate a lot of ice cream. the past and now. Write sentences with used to/ Did you use to eat a lot of ice cream? didn’t use to/would. 2 In the summer, I used to go to the seaside. 3 We used to live near the sea. THEN NOW 4 I used to play football. I am 10 years old and… Today, I am 15 years old 5 My sister/brother used to shout at me. I never travel to other and… 6 My parents used to take me to school. countries. I travel a lot. 7 I used to go to bed late. I have a lot of dolls. I never play with dolls. 8 My grandmother used to tell me stories. We go on a lot of trips with We have only one trip a year. the school. I am lazy at school. 4 Now write your answers to the questions in I work very hard at school. exercise 3. Julia didn’t use to travel to other countries, but now she travels a lot. A Did you use to eat a lot of ice cream? B Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 31

Flash on Skills Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) 33 Titolo unitàDracula by Bram Stoker was one of the first Before you read vampire stories. Stoker (1847-1912) 1 Look at the pictures and write the correct caption was born in Dublin, Ireland. below each one; there is one caption you do not need. Jonathan runs away from the castle A dinner party Lucy becomes a vampire In the hands of the vampire Jonathan and Mina’s wedding day Arriving at a mysterious castle AB C Reading 2 Read the summary of the plot and put the pictures in the correct order. Write 1-5 in the boxes. Jonathan Harker, a young English lawyer, leaves his Meanwhile, Jonathan has returned to England and fiancée Mina at home and goes to Transylvania to he and Mina get married. help the mysterious Count Dracula to buy a new Van Helsing explains to Jonathan that vampires house in London. are real and that this mysterious vampire is very In a past life, Dracula used to be a great man, and now dangerous. They have already destroyed the he is an evil vampire. He takes Jonathan prisoner. vampire Lucy, and now they have to destroy The young man sees many strange and evil things in Dracula. The Count, however, has other plans, the castle, before escaping into the night. and while the men are searching his houses, he attacks Mina in the night, so that she will become A few weeks later, Dracula moves to London. His a vampire, too. Jonathan has to save Mina; first victim is Lucy, Mina’s best friend. if he doesn’t kill Dracula, Professor Van Helsing, a vampire expert, knows that the vampire will make Mina Lucy has become a vampire but he cannot save her. one of his victims… 3 P Read the statements and write T (true) or F (false). 1 While Mina is at home, Jonathan goes abroad. ___ 2 Count Dracula wanted to buy a house in Transylvania. ___ 3 Dracula used to be a bad man. ___ 4 Jonathan manages to escape from Dracula’s castle. ___ 5 Mina is the first of Dracula’s many victims. ___ 6 Jonathan arrives in London before Dracula. ___ 7 Van Helsing knows a lot about vampires. ___ 8 Van Helsing and Jonathan look for Dracula in his houses. ___ 32

3Literature D E1 STUDY SKILLS Writing Tips for listening Using time expressions Use the questions to make predictions about the text. 6 Put the correct time expressions in the gaps in Use visuals to make predictions about the text. Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. the following extract from the story. Use your knowledge of the subject to make predictions. when suddenly (x2) at first then Listen once for the general meaning; listen the seconds later immediately second time for detail. Listen to things you enjoy (songs, DVDs, ...). (1) ___W__h_e_n____ we came into the room, Dracula turned to us – blood was coming out of his mouth. Listening (2) ___________ , he laughed a terrible laugh and (3) ___________ he became silent. (4) ___________ , 4 Before you listen, try to predict the story he pushed Mina away and tried to attack us. (5) ___________ , he was coming closer towards us; from (a) the picture and (b) these questions. we (6) ___________ held up our crosses; (7) ___________ , he stopped, afraid. 1 What was coming out of Dracula’s mouth? 7 1.30 Listen and check your answers. 2 What made Dracula feel afraid? 3 What did Jonathan see when he woke up? 8 T P In groups, use the prompts below to 4 What did the doctor see in the sky? 5 Why was the narrator looking at Mina’s teeth? write the story about how Jonathan first met 6 When is the vampire dangerous? Dracula. Use time expressions. 5 11.29 Now listen and answer the cold dark night ride horse up a mountain at the top an old castle wolves in the forest questions in exercise 4. horse frightened start to snow wind blowing hear someone screaming moon disappear behind the clouds arrive at the castle wait outside the door hear footsteps hear the key turning door open tall man at the door black clothes very white face ‘Good evening. I am Dracula’ ‘Come in’ ‘I have been waiting for you…’ It was a cold dark night. I was riding my horse… Speaking 9 Take it in turns to tell the story. 33