Hot Shots_4_Student's book

4 Student’s Book

Contents L e sson Page Unit 1 Technology 4 6 1 E-sports Grammar: present simple and present continuous 8 Vocabulary: word meanings, synonyms 10 12 2 Smart gadgets Grammar: stative verbs 14 Vocabulary: word meanings, matching verbs and nouns 16 3 New opportunities Grammar: past simple and past continuous, used to 18 Vocabulary: word meanings, expressions about feelings/actions 20 4 Smart learning Grammar: present perfect simple, have/has been and have/has gone Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 5 Charge your phone! Grammar: present perfect continuous Vocabulary: word meanings, expressions related to pictures Review 1 (Lessons 1-5) & Project 1 Writing 1 Unit 2 The Web 6 Networked! Grammar: present perfect simple and present perfect continuous 22 Vocabulary: word meanings, odd one out 24 7 Social media – Now and then! Grammar: past simple and past perfect simple 26 Vocabulary: text-related words, word meanings 28 8 Role play and virtual teams Grammar: present simple and present continuous (with future meaning), present continuous (with always) Vocabulary: word meanings, text-related words 9 Social media in the future! Grammar: future simple and be going to Vocabulary: word meanings, matching verbs and nouns Review 2 (Lessons 6-9) & Project 2 30 32 Writing 2 34 Unit 3 Events 10 A trip abroad Grammar: future continuous 36 Vocabulary: synonyms, confusing words 38 11 A food festival Grammar: countable and uncountable nouns 40 Vocabulary: food-related words, word meanings 42 44 12 A film festival Grammar: both, either, neither, all, none of, countable and uncountable nouns (different meanings) Vocabulary: word meanings, confusing words 13 A ‘fairy-tale’ wedding Grammar: articles Vocabulary: word meanings, text-related words 14 A barbecue with a purpose! Grammar: future perfect simple Vocabulary: text-related words, matching words Review 3 (Lessons 10-14) & Project 3 46 48 Writing 3 50 Unit 4 Learning 15 Unusual schools Grammar: can, could, be able to, be allowed to 52 Vocabulary: word meanings, text-related words 54 56 16 Online vs face-to-face Grammar: must and have to, mustn’t and don’t have to 58 Vocabulary: word meanings, odd one out 17 Exam time! Grammar: should, ought to Vocabulary: word meanings, opposites 18 A summer course Grammar: must and can’t (deduction), may, might and could (possibility) Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words Review 4 (Lessons 15-18) & Project 4 60 62 Writing 4

Lesson Page Unit 5 Fashion 64 66 19 Clothes shopping Grammar: first conditional, unless 68 Vocabulary: fashion-related words, word meanings 70 72 20 Clothes sharing Grammar: first and second conditional 74 Vocabulary: word meanings, word formation 76 21 Fashion bloggers Grammar: third conditional 78 Vocabulary: word meanings, matching verbs and nouns 80 82 22 Are you a fashion buff? Grammar: passive voice (present simple, past simple) 84 Vocabulary: word meanings, clothes-related words 86 88 23 A fashion reality show Grammar: passive voice (other tenses, modals) Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 90 92 Review 5 (Lessons 19-23) & Project 5 94 96 Writing 5 98 100 Unit 6 Good Times 102 104 24 I wish you were here! Grammar: wish, if only Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 106 108 25 A theme park holiday Grammar: reported speech (statements) 110 Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 112 114 26 A celebrity interview Grammar: reported speech (questions, commands and requests) 116 Vocabulary: matching words, confusing words 118 27 K-pop Grammar: order of adjectives 120 Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 122 124 Review 6 (Lessons 24-27) & Project 6 132 Writing 6 Unit 7 Our World 28 An amazing animal Grammar: adverbs of manner, adverbs of degree Vocabulary: text-related words, word meanings 29 The fastest and Grammar: comparison of adjectives the smartest Vocabulary: word meanings, word formation 30 Survival Grammar: comparison of adverbs Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words 31 People who matter Grammar: relative clauses Vocabulary: text-related words, word meanings 32 Accidental discoveries Grammar: defining relative clauses, non-defining relative clauses Vocabulary: text-related words, confusing words Review 7 (Lessons 28-32) & Project 7 Writing 7 Unit 8 Amazing Places 33 Living in remote places Grammar: gerunds and infinitives Vocabulary: word meanings 34 Living off the grid Grammar: causative (present simple) Vocabulary: text-related words, word meanings 35 It looks like new! Grammar: causative (other tenses, be going to, modals) Vocabulary: text-related words, confusing words 36 Life on the Faroe Islands Grammar: clauses (reason, purpose, concession, result) Vocabulary: word meanings, matching words Review 8 (Lessons 33-36) & Project 8 Writing 8 Projects Irregular verbs

UNIT 1 Technology 4

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1 E-sports Reading UNIT 1 A Read the article and answer the questions in the introduction. How popular is e-sports? Do many people watch it? Isptrhoeferessaionnaaglegalimmietrsf?or Is e-sports competitive? EtItapfItahtPhmno-ososeiaatrnnopwetartcuwgshortealminftaeuorcrorlatymedierbspoptldedeiieatrobnhsbr,orncanasaftatosaaseshslntfrlel–sersdmgigdcasin!sraoatiiiEoposles2mmuli-nenguos0nweacicypntnspoltrhsogpaogivroerlttpcaioacsrtdohosumfyoeryhlmbesvmaoioeasdiirlesuplvnlpogiwnseewo’eavatgptneteinmigotioetsrthdiinsiirorevot.otlregnysnatofpsnao,srcfldomaousarkoiyun.inureselenelctesard-h.rs. aceno-sdmporpurenttssitiiavsenlikgee-asmpootehrset.srInpcoroomtghpreaermtwitmioveredswsp,itohrts, Etish-setphIoninrtketsirnngisatosiofoninapclolOupdulyilnamgrpniitcoawCsaodamanmyosiftfttihecaeiatl such as football or basketball. eoctgahvfhnafeeaedmnmrUtce.eSphs-AiAisoltdphnnirsoasuert!mentThsv.bheeIectelnprlaaUwlodssnofsiosiervuakoesndirfnivvtfsgeoaeitrnryotsstrnaiaoetgiifc-enseUrscefdtuhaataothuidlnraiuegnrlstships Sapwfdinstgiasdftmgurorhjmoaopoocootoasacaanfllhrwnrouirmtlfooytncomtaeeohcug,arct,etgraelaseoeenhheonabsustrnssdtleeryhnmsuasgcws.iisyantoegnietmfoyGnh,iHinuonn.t-qmatmgisiphudhlmnenafoguHdprieggdlpnmoihoivgstesotmfnauoenniiod.fpeerssogemesedtartoNteleikhn-,stssstofskeenraseaiireiesgsvspeneyriscdneyei.easelhosonaisWepgmnv.Hmintearn’rse-eteditosae’Odnsaefotseaietstpftregtulrsthorrenlmehoarddcleenoaiel--–ntelnrysa-eainonootassRtksrdephtsldlasswupsliiueayaonoignistgtgoatbeccplrnernoayhhrrnt-rsmtioaro..etswmtssaeoatkrrsloLHaojvedrdocnessue.trinereeotekatesarHeHahituorsesftpnitesosmaaedaitepdfsfmhxthouslsoyusteaitpaelrstihsirnoelnyonhsivlaraaeoagepealrninnilnerlnnelsdy related subjects. Piacwnrhtehooalaflme-niknsdpntsefoiouirowlnnnnmsaateloaio-gkrsneapmamoilatr.tektorEseusvrpaewnlnaalooymrfteekerowshnfeatmfsrro,dobrbnetauoectwyogomhaenislteley. B Write R (right), W (wrong) or DS (doesn’t say). 1 Lots of people are interested in e-sports. ........ 2 Hassan is an e-sports champion. ........ 3 The University of Utah runs a programme for adults and children. ........ 4 Hassan thinks earning a living through gaming is easy. ........ 5 Most gamers get into international tournaments. ........ 6 Famous e-sports players have a long-lasting career. ........ 7 The local community gives money for e-sports. ........ 6

Vocabulary B Write the words that are similar in meaning. A Match each word or phrase with the right explanation. a few a small number audience demanding difficult five or less hard not easy 1 substantial a cause to exist 2 official b someone who takes part in very little viewer watcher witness an activity t ough: ............................, ............................, 3 give rise to c not having the same education ............................, ............................ spectator: ............................, ............................, or money as others ............................, ............................ 4 participant d competition a handful: ............................, ............................, 5 champion e arranged by people in authority ............................, ........................... 6 disadvantaged f large 7 tournament g winner Grammar Brrr! I’m freezing! I always have a long hot A Read and circle the Present Simple No hot water! shower before he does ... or Present Continuous. Present Simple and Present Continuous Present Simple – Common Uses Young people often (1) show / a routine activities are showing the world that they have b permanent states great business ideas. Teenagers c general truths in the 90s used to design games, Read the example and circle a, b or c above. copy them on discs and sell them Professional athletes train every day. to shops or individuals. Nowadays, We often use the Present Simple with adverbs of frequency: always, usually, many young people (2) create / often, sometimes, rarely, never, hardly ever, seldom are creating new games. Jorgen Present Continuous – Common Uses is a sixteen-year-old student from a a ctivities or events that are happening now, at this moment Norway. He (3) spends / is spending b situations that are changing at least three hours a day after c temporary situations school designing his new game. Read the example and circle a, b or c above. A friend of his (4) helps / is helping Sonya is helping her friend at the moment. him do the artwork for this game. We often use the Present Continuous with these time words and phrases: They often (5) build / are building now, right now, at the moment, today, tonight, these days, this week, at models with plaster or clay first. present, nowadays, for now, for the time being. B Find and underline at least two examples of the Present Simple and Present Continuous in the article’s paragraphs shown below. Look at the grammar section and write a, b or c. Paragraph 2: The University … basketball. Paragraph 3: Hassan … subjects. Listening Speaking Listen to Mike, Jack, Helen and Kate. Circle T (true) or F (false). Talk with a partner. Compare ideas, likes and dislikes about: 1 Hassan is a gamer. T/F 2 Helen won the international competition last year. T/F • e-sports 3 Mike doesn’t like watching other people play. T/F • video games 4 Jack never wins. T/F • learning games 5 There’s a new ice cream place in the mall. T/F • gamers 6 Mike doesn’t like ice cream. T/F Smart a handful champion disadvantaged give rise to official participant WORDS spectator substantial tough tournament UNIT 1 7

2 Smart gadgets UNIT 1 Reading A What do you think of selfies? Do you post selfies on social media? Read and find out what a selfie drone can do. Mike’s Blog 90 Follow Selfies have been around for some time now. Everyone takes selfies holding out their mobile phones as far as possible or using a selfie stick. They then post them on social media, email them as attachments or print them out. Personally, I think most selfies are boring! There are new gadgets that can make your selfie much more exciting! My friend Jack thinks I’m being difficult. He believes that I expect too much of people and gadgets. Helen and Kate say that I act like I know everything. They call me a ‘know-it- all’. But seriously, if you read about these new gadgets, you’ll see what I mean! The wonderful gadget I want to tell you about is a small, pocket- size drone. It takes pictures while it is up in the sky and sends them to your smartphone!You need to download an app that connects the drone to your phone, of course. People think it is just one more gadget that will disappear within a month. I disagree! It would really be cool to take photos of yourself while you’re doing something exciting! So, instead of posting more photos of your face just before you climb a mountain, you can actually take and post photos while you’re climbing!You can post photos of yourself and your friends on a boat in the middle of the sea, at the beach, on horseback, on your bicycle, anywhere and anytime you like! The truth is, I am thinking of buying one myself! I want to buy it before our skiing holiday. I’m going to snowboard down a mountain and I know my friends won’t believe me if I just tell them. So drone selfies will prove that I’ve actually done it! B Write R (right), W (wrong) or DS (doesn’t say). 1 Very few people take normal selfies. ........ 2 Jack agrees with Mike that selfies are boring. ........ 3 The pocket-size drone can be connected to a smartphone. ........ 4 You cannot take selfies from up in the sky without a drone. ........ 5 Jack will probably buy a selfie drone. ........ 6 Drone selfies will prove that Mike is good at skateboarding. ........ 8

Vocabulary B Write words that can be used with each verb. A Number the lines of each paragraph from 1 to 9. Then Use the blog and add your own ideas. find the words or phrases that match each meaning. P aragraph 1 line 1 a have existed take: ................................................................ line 3 b p ut a message or picture on the internet download: ......................................................... line 4 c a file that is sent with an email message post: ................................................................ line 6 d someone who it isn’t easy to make happy line 7 e think that someone should A Complete the sentences with the Present behave in a particular way f small machine or device Simple or the Present Continuous. Paragraph 2 line 3 g transfer to your computer or 1 Yasmin thinks she ......................... (know) device from another device everything. or the internet 2 Sorry, I don’t think I’ll come with you. I line 6 h n ot have the same opinion ......................... (not feel) very well this evening. or idea Paragraph 3 line 4 i riding a horse 3 I ......................... (prefer) not to disturb Paragraph 4 line 7 j show that something is true them. They ......................... (have) a Grammar serious discussion at the moment. 4 Please don’t worry. You can bring the book I think I’m seeing double! We’re seeing our acting coach back next time. It ......................... (not I see t wo of them! this af ternoon! I don’t think matter). you’ve met Ian, my double! 5 Sheena ......................... (want) to upload the photos she took while diving. B Read the sentences and match with the correct meaning. appears enjoying themselves owns think understand No, and I don’t want to. 1 This tablet looks brand new. One of you is more than enough! ......................... Stative Verbs 2 Sue and Jackie are having a great time. We usually avoid continuous tenses with verbs that describe states, ......................... not actions. Common stative verbs include: •sense verbs: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, look 3 Sue has a powerful computer that she uses to edit artwork. ......................... The flowers look and smell wonderful. • feelings or state of mind (opinion): believe, like, dislike, hate, 4 You don’t need to explain. I can see the problem. ......................... love, hope, imagine, understand, prefer, want, wish, know, doubt, think, see 5 Kevin doesn’t believe Peter’s story is true. I know Irma likes sweets. ......................... • relationship or state of being: be, belong to, concern, cost, depend on, have, involve, matter, owe, own, possess, remain, require Speaking He owns a country house that costs a fortune. Read and underline the stative verbs in each example above. Tell your partner which gadgets you like or Some verbs have two meanings: one that describes an action and consider necessary. Give reasons for your one that describes a state. When these verbs describe actions, we choices. Compare ideas. can use them in continuous tenses. I see a boat sailing in the sea. (I see it with my eyes.) Writing I am seeing my teacher this afternoon. (I am meeting him/her.) I think I’m seeing things. (I’m imagining things that are not really there.) Think about your favourite gadget and write a I see. Are you free tomorrow afternoon? (I understand.) paragraph about it. Write about these points: A ndy has a new hand-held gaming device. (He owns/possesses one.) T he children are having lunch with their grandparents. (They’re • size, shape, material, cost eating lunch.) • functions, speed, maintenance • main advantages • disadvantages (and remedies, if available) Smart attachment be around difficult disagree download UNIT 1 9 WORDS expect gadget on horseback post prove

3 New opportunities Reading UNIT 1 A Read the article. What does Lisbeth do for a living? Why? Helen’s Blog 90 Follow Networking and e-sports are creating new job opportunities and careers for ambitious young people. Lisbeth studied to be a nurse. After university, she ‘It is a very competitive job that requires many hoped to work in a hospital but found out that different skills. When you’re a streamer, you need there were very few jobs for nurses. She used to to always be at the top of your game! You aren’t dream about working in her field and writing a just a gamer, you’re also a performer, and you book. But with such few jobs available, she was cannot take time off if you want to keep your afraid she would have to give up her dream or followers,’ Lisbeth says. She now has more than settle for a job she was not keen on. 100,000 followers and earns a good living from ads. She also plans to set up a website where she One day, she was chatting with some friends when gives people advice about their health. someone said she should try her hand at live- streaming, instead of doing a job that she did not People who are not so familiar with computers and enjoy. At first, she thought the idea was silly. But the internet wonder why live streaming or gaming then while she was searching for jobs on different is so popular. They cannot see why someone sites, she changed her mind. She spent a lot of would want to watch a streamer play. If you think money on a powerful, state-of-the-art computer about it, however, it is no different from people and set up her own business in game streaming. watching a football match on television! It is a She was an experienced gamer and had won a form of entertainment. Viewers are simply fans of number of friendly competitions in the past. e-sports in our connected world! B Answer the questions. Write your answers in your notebook. 1 What did Lisbeth use to dream about? 2 What happened while she was talking with friends? 3 Why did she buy a state-of-the-art computer? 4 What is her opinion about professional streaming? 5 What are Lisbeth’s plans for the future? 6 Why do people watch gamers play? 10

Vocabulary B Write about these things in your notebook. A Find each word or phrase in the text and match it with Give reasons for your feelings or actions. the right explanation. 1 live-stream a try something for the first time 1 something that you are keen on 2 try your hand at b choose or accept something 2 something that you are not keen on although it is not what you 3 something that you had to give up really want 4 something that you have settled for 3 ambitious c a iming high, wanting to be successful and powerful 4 give up d s how video of an event over A Read and circle used to, the Past Simple or the internet as it happens Past Continuous. 5 settle for e the best and most modern Brian (1) used to spend / was spending / spent 6 experienced f h aving done something many weekends at his older sister’s house last many times year. He (2) used to play / was playing / played 7 take time off g s top trying to do something games on her computer whenever he was there. because it is too difficult His sister (3) used to be / was being / was really 8 be keen on h stop working for a while kind. She (4) used to let / was letting / let him 9 state-of-the-art i w ant or like something very play on it even though it was state-of-the-art. One much day, he (5) used to download / was downloading 10 be at the top j perform extremely well / downloaded an app, when suddenly the of your game computer screen (6) used to go / was going / went black. Brian panicked. He (7) used to call Grammar / was calling / called his sister to come quickly. While he (8) used to wait / was waiting / waited You used to be in bed when Well, I decided to wait for her to come and see, the screen went back to I came back from work! here this time. Bad idea! normal again! Brian was so happy! B Write about an unexpected event that interrupted what you were doing. Say what you did when it happened. 1 While ........................................................ ................................................................. 2 I ...................... when ............................... ................................................................. Past Simple and Past Continuous Listening Past Simple – Uses a actions or events that started and finished in the past Listen to the conversation between Helen and Kate b things that happened one after the other in the past and answer the questions. c situations or states that were true in the past but are not 1 Where was Kate last weekend? true now 2 What did they hear while they were having d past habits, things that we did regularly in the past Past Continuous – Uses dinner? a actions in progress at a particular time in the past 3 Why were people clapping? b two or more actions taking place at the same time in the 4 How does Kate describe the DJ’s laugh? 5 What happened to Kate when the DJ started past c describing or setting the scene in a story laughing? Past Continuous and Past Simple – Use 6 Why did the rest of the people start laughing? a one action in the past interrupts another action that is in 7 Do you think Kate will post about the incident? progress Speaking Read the examples and circle a, b, c or d in the Talk with a partner. Make up a story about a grammar section above. sudden event that interrupted what you were doing. It was a warm spring afternoon. Keith was sitting by the Set your event/story in one of these places, or use window, reading a book. your own ideas. While he was reading, he heard a soft noise above his head. H e looked up and saw a small bird sitting on a shelf above • the park • the mall • a restaurant his head. • the beach • a sports event Try to make your story realistic and funny. Make notes and then tell the class. Smart ambitious be at the top of your game be keen on experienced give up UNIT 1 11 WORDS live-stream settle for state-of-the-art take time off try your hand at

4 Smart learning Reading UNIT 1 A Read the dialogue. Find out if Jack, Helen 1 and Kate agree or disagree about videos or films in the classroom. Jack: Have you seen Interstellar? Helen: I don’t think so. What’s it about? Jack: It’s a science fiction film about space and time. In fact, many scientists have suggested that it would be an ideal way to help students grasp the theory of relativity. Helen: What if you’re not a science fan or you know nothing about … the theory of … whatever? 2 Jack: Think about it! We all study science at school, right? And we’ve all found some things difficult to understand. This film uses ground-breaking graphics to show interesting space phenomena. Videos can make learning a lot more exciting. Helen: Maybe you’re right but you can’t use just any film or video. And what about equipment? Jack: Well, a number of schools have fully equipped, smart classrooms. If necessary, students can use laptops or tablets. And there are loads of worksheets and lesson plans for teachers on the Web! 3 Helen: I’ve just had an idea! How about checking all the videos we’ve seen or know about and identify the ones that can be used for history, maths, social sciences or other subjects? Kate: I thought you didn’t think films or videos should be used in the classroom. Helen: I never said that. I just expressed my concerns about certain types of films. Jack: So you’ve changed your mind, haven’t you? Come on, admit it. B Read and answer the questions. Write your answers in your notebook. 1 What do scientists think of Interstellar? 2 How can graphics help students? 3 What can students use in smart classrooms? 4 In the beginning, what does Helen think about films or videos in the classroom? 5 What does she do towards the end of the conversation that shows she’s changed her mind? 12

Vocabulary B Read the dialogue and match. A Match each word or phrase with the right explanation. 1 ground-breaking a classrooms 2 grasp b graphics 1 ideal a p ictures shown on a computer screen 3 fully equipped c your concerns 2 suggest b something that is unusual or 4 express d a theory interesting A Use the right verb to write what has 3 grasp c find and be able to describe 4 ground-breaking d perfect, the best possible just happened in each picture. Write 5 graphics e very new that changes the way the sentences in your notebook. something is done break crash hurt lose 6 identify f h aving all the necessary equipment 7 express concerns g understand something difficult step on take off 8 admit h a gree that something is true, when 14 you don’t want to 9 fully equipped i talk about what worries you 10 phenomenon j s ay an idea for people to think about Grammar Wake up, sunshine! I’ve got four 2 5 You’ve been in bed for hours to go! almost a day. 36 Present Perfect Simple – Uses B Complete the conversations with been a very recent events that have just taken place b past event or action that has a result in the present or gone. c event or action that started and finished at an unspecified 1 A: Where’s Dave? time in the past B: He’s ........... to the shop to buy some d event or action that started in the past and continues in milk. the present 2 A: Let’s go to Malaysia! e something that happened during a period that is not B: We’ve already ........... there. How about Japan? finished at the time of speaking f experiences or things we have or haven’t done in our lives 3 A: Is the cat in the garden? ..... I’ve just finished writing the report. B: It’s ...........! I can’t find it anywhere. ..... She has written an article. ..... He’s already eaten five cupcakes today. 4 A: Have you ........... to the new Italian ..... They haven’t finished dinner yet. restaurant? B: Yes, I have. It’s really good! ..... We’ve lived in this house since 2010. / for eight years. ..... Have you ever been to a music studio? Yes, I have. / Listening No, I haven’t. Listen to Kevin and Myra and make notes in your ..... I’ve never sailed a boat or flown a plane. notebook. Write DS (doesn’t say) if the information Read the examples above and match with a use from is not included. a to f. Write the letter on the lines provided before each sentence. Age: ... Have/Has been and Have/Has gone Occupation: ... Greg: I’ve been to more than eight shoe shops but haven’t Age when designed first game: ... No. of successful games: ... found my size. Have you got any ideas? Profits used for: ... Adam: W hy don’t you try the new shop at the mall? Greg went to more than eight shops and came back. We can Speaking see him talking to Adam. Keith: Hello! Mina, is that you? Talk with a partner. Compare ideas about Mina: Oh, hello Keith. achievements. What has each of you achieved: Keith: Hi. Can I speak to Amy, please? • at school? • in sports? • socially? • in other areas? Mina: Sorry, Keith. She’s gone home. She wasn’t feeling too well. Amy has gone home and stayed there. She hasn’t come back. Smart admit express concerns fully equipped graphics grasp ground-breaking WORDS ideal identify phenomenon suggest UNIT 1 13

5 Charge your phone! Mike and Jack are at the mall. They have been sitting at a UNIT 1 café waiting for Helen and Kate. They have been there for Reading over two hours and so far there has been no sign of the girls. A Describe the first picture below They have been sipping their third orange juice for the last half hour, avoiding the waiter’s eye. It is lunchtime and he is and talk about what you think bound to ask them if they would like to order some food but has been happening. Then they want to wait for the girls. Finally, Kate and Helen turn up. read the first paragraph and They have been walking for some time and they are both tired. compare with your ideas. 1 Kate: Hi! How long have you been here? Mike: Since ten o’clock and it’s almost one now. Where 1 have you been? We’ve been waiting for you for three hours! Helen: Why didn’t you call us? Mike: Well, for one thing, we have no signal in here and when I went out and tried to get through to you, your mobile phones had been turned off. Helen: No way! My mobile is never off. Here, look! Oops, it is off! Sorry. Kate: Let me check mine. Oops! I forgot to recharge it. Mike: What did I tell you? 2 Helen: I said I’m sorry. These things happen. We’ve been 2 looking for the mini drone that can take selfies from a distance. We wanted to surprise you. Jack: You what? Helen, I told you it was not due to be out on the market for another month or so. Remember? Helen: I do remember. So what? Sylvia was showing hers off two days ago. So, we decided to have a look. Jack: Her father probably got it for her when he was in the US on business. Oh, never mind. You’re here now! Let’s order some food! 3 Kate: Hmm … Well, the fact is …. 3 Jack: Now what? Don’t tell me you’ve already eaten. Helen: Well, actually we have. We were starving so we got a couple of those yummy sandwiches from the new place. Mike: Oh, great! Why am I surprised? You’ve done this before, you two. 4 Jack: What’s this? Kate: We got you a selection of sandwiches as well. Enjoy! Jack: Hey, where are you going? Helen: Somewhere you are not! You can be so nasty 4 sometimes! See you later! Jack & Mike: But … but … hang on a second. We … B Write R (right), W (wrong) or DS (doesn’t say). 1 Mike and Jack are trying not to look at the waiter. ........ 2 Helen and Kate have been searching for a selfie drone. ........ 3 Sylvia is a close friend of Mike’s. ........ 4 Kate’s father plans to buy her a drone while he’s away on business. ........ 5 Kate and Helen have brought sandwiches for Mike ........ and Jack. 14 6 Mike and Jack are sorry about upsetting the girls. ........

Vocabulary B Write sentences in your notebook about A Find each phrase or word in the conversation and match it the pictures. Use some of the phrases or words in A. with the right explanation. 12 1 no sign of someone a a choice of different things 34 2 sip b look away so there is no eye contact 3 avoid someone’s eye c certain or very likely to happen 4 bound to d cannot find or see someone 5 turn up e wait 6 due to be f appear suddenly 7 a selection of g drink small amounts 8 hang on h e xpected to happen at a particular time 9 starve i not kind 10 nasty j be very hungry Grammar I’ve been working And I’ve been eating since morning and unhealthy crisps I’ve still got a pile of because you’ve documents to check! forgotten my dinner! Present Perfect Continuous – Uses Read each situation and write a sentence a actions that started in the past and are still going on at the in your notebook using the Present Perfect Continuous or the Past Simple. Remember to time of speaking use for (period of time) or since (point in time) b actions that have just finished and whose results we can see 1 Tim started studying three hours ago. in the present He is still at his desk. (study) ..... The gamer has been streaming since five o’clock. 2 Jemma and Justine got to the mall at ..... M y bedroom looks great. I’ve been cleaning and tidying up 10.00 am. It is 4.00 pm now and they are still shopping. (shop) all morning. Read the examples above. Write a or b on the lines 3 Mario started work at 9.00 am and provided before each sentence. stopped at five o’clock. (work) We often use the Present Perfect Continuous with for, since and How long. 4 James started searching for new data four Circle the right word in the examples below. hours ago. He is still at it. (search) Since / How long has Ian been helping you with maths? Have they been shopping online since / for the morning? 5 We arrived at 7.00 pm. It is 10.00 pm now She’s been waiting for her phone to charge since / for two and we are still waiting for our friends. (wait) hours. 6 I arrived on time, at ten o’clock, and left two hours later. (wait) Speaking Writing Talk with a partner. Look at the Choose one of the people picture and talk about: in the picture on the left. Write a paragraph about • w hat you think has happened / who they are, how they got why the passengers are waiting. to the station and where they are going. Add your • h ow long they have been at the own information/ideas to underground station. create a little story. • w hat you think each passenger has been doing. Smart avoid someone’s eye bound to due to be hang on nasty UNIT 1 15 WORDS no sign of selection sip starve turn up

1REVIEW Technology Vocabulary A Circle the odd one out. 1 champion tournament graphics 2 disadvantaged participant poor 3 horseback attachment download 4 handful viewer audience 5 tough fully equipped difficult 6 gadget smartphone spectator B Circle the correct words. 1 The internet has been around / live-streaming for quite a few decades. 2 Teachers get annoyed when students turn up / hang on late. 3 The discovery of X-rays was a ground-breaking / experienced medical development. 4 The use of smartphones in schools has given up / given rise to a lot of concern and arguments. 5 I hadn’t done my homework, so I tried to avoid my teacher’s eye / be at the top of my game. 6 Jane took time off / tried her hand at work to visit the dentist. C Complete the sentences with the words below. ambitious attachment equipped expected participants suggested 1 Those boys are the only ......................................... in today’s sports tournament. 2 You can email the report to me as an ......................................... . 3 Maya is very angry with us. She ......................................... us to help her clean the house. 4 Tom is quite ......................................... . He wants to become a star and make lots of money. 5 Amy ......................................... we go to the Bahamas on holiday. 6 Some classrooms are ......................................... with interactive boards. D Match each word or phrase with the right explanation. 1 bound to a choose or accept something although it is not what you really want 2 due to be b stop trying to do something because it is too difficult 3 hang on c certain or very likely to happen 4 give up d cannot find or see someone 5 settle for e expected to happen at a particular time 6 no sign of someone f wait 16

Grammar A Circle the correct answers. 1 We ...... in an e-tournament this weekend. a are taking part b take part 2 Professional gamers ...... a lot of money when they win tournaments. a are earning b earn 3 Most young people ...... electronic gadgets. a love b are loving 4 Sonya is a successful blogger who always ...... good shopping advice. a is giving b gives 5 We usually ...... at least three hours doing homework after school. a are spending b spend B Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1 My friend ........................................... (think) of buying the new mini drone that takes selfies. 2 I ........................................... (see) my doctor tomorrow, so I can’t make it to the game. 3 Some people ........................................... (hate) going to crowded places. 4 Helen and Kate ........................................... (have) dinner with their parents tonight. 5 I ........................................... (hope) to arrive in time for dinner. 6 Don’t you think this song ........................................... (sound) familiar? C Circle the correct words. D Complete the sentences with the correct words. When I was little, we (1) used to go / were going 1 Has your brother ...... up yet? on holiday to a small village by the sea. Naturally, a been turning b turned we (2) used to spend / were spending most of 2 He hasn’t ...... here for a long time. Right? the day at the beach. We (3) used to swim / were a gone b been swimming one morning when my father appeared in 3 That’s true. We haven’t seen him ...... last a small fishing boat. It was such a great surprise! From that day on, my father (4) took / was taking us winter. fishing every morning. One morning, as we (5) were a from b since fishing / used to fish, I (6) caught / was catching a 4 He has ...... to the baker’s for some bread. huge fish. That evening we (7) had / were having a brilliant barbecue at the beach. He’ll be back soon. a gone b been 5 I remember he ...... with the shopping when he lived here. a was helping b used to help E Make sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous. 1 the boys / work on their project / for hours ....................................................................................................... 2 the mini drone / take / photos / all morning ....................................................................................................... 3 how long / the team / live-stream / ? ....................................................................................................... 4 we / search for information / all day ....................................................................................................... 5 I / study / since nine in the morning ....................................................................................................... REVIEW 1 17

Writing 1 Formal and informal emails Hi. Look at Kevin’s photo. He wants to become a professional gamer. He has emailed his friend Oliver to ask him about an e-sports course. Read Oli ver’s reply to find out more! Send A Read Oliver’s reply to Kevin’s email to HITatATytHReerGhniohlwyneumsKedouemooeaaeoayrpi,usnsvtdeiap,Iolgidgw.mnraallhnarIut,dtgae,lb-cacyotrsNyaeemikemoatoerieoatcutpwts.enncowoueYmedeYtnrohiaphteo-ilueshgstteerkasop’hkt1lyhrcloth6mpoUeolfrepeeur’putnerlaaoosleriayramvkpsrconbebenellopeoerp.ooyaulssuWoluewwriylsttou,st.hyfheahstfoa!oyoepCotrnephowdwitdtslalohy’el.sicteneitrInagfIne’gcttgeayoocooytotahfeutvoousetsreuuor!nssarpoeiocdpn1.oooeepf6Jnondnal!uytrrsYawyamletoysocaasautuptsretoMrolisnbyohnsbdrrnsoeiosli?huwlboAieallksdemrn..taanl See you soon, find out more about the course. Circle Oliver the right answer and make notes. Smart TIP An email to a friend is not formal but don’t forget to be polite. B Read Kevin’s email to Mrs Hues. Circle the correct words to complete the email. Read the tip to help you. Send A DIecIf(a(a(eaa4-ea56nsswmn)am))pderICpoIneawS1Mocrr-reao7tasrulrsoyidpvnltsyduiidco’adent(olirs1y,aetgwtuiow)rpsoa(rsauAo2snwhbioesm)t,peoeslb/trdlnuibaeoebeeAtliaalncxhIHelcsnsaatfeoe?udoiursnause,I/suIri,rIseasRmshb/hhme/eIauelmaomnvHdtvdkeoeeuaeeIe4ekrtebwem.tedtsefan(hsoo,b3ek/,utrae)enfotwlnernSodaseadetprelorsngie3adkc,adsqerurametdtumrsotn.eiseeondeihsrgaatesn/mstipaiixmtnInlereawfvicenoncaieonddergnmutteafohsaolrdanepoaltognpmaiatanohdlpgimgnceypeteaoereacroteu,bsoicfcotmouossi1nauor.mo2sttofre.eopenyIreaio.hmfctnuioaIyt,rvmiasodepmopneaalstIraetatctict-nieaetclsinnetmcdhypoaoeeetpueudUprdsalK.ey. Smart TIP B (7) All the best, / Yours sincerely, When you write professional C emails or to D people that you have not met, you need to be more formal and to the point. Kevin Lee 18

C R ead the email again. Match the paragraphs (A-D) and descriptions. 1 provides relevant information about himself ...... 2 makes a request ...... 3 closes the email politely ...... 4 states his reasons for writing ...... D Read both emails and notice the type of language used. Then read the phrases below and circle F (formal) or I (informal). 1 write as you speak F/I 2 use a title, e.g. Mr, Mrs, and the person’s last name F/I 3 ask for things, e.g. information, politely F/I 4 begin with ‘Hi’ / ‘Hello’ + first name F/I 5 end with ‘See you soon’ / ‘All the best’ F/I 6 end with ‘Yours sincerely’ / ‘Best regards’ F/I 7 use short forms, e.g. it isn’t, I’ll, etc. F/I E You are interested in attending: • an art course. • a pottery course. • another course that you are keen on. Write an email to the person in charge requesting information. Use Kevin’s email as a model. Include your own ideas. Write to: Neil O’Kane or Vanessa Reilly Oxford Learning Hub 33 Crescent Drive Oxford 45XB E-mail ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... ……….…..................................................................……….…....................................... WRITING 1 19

UNIT 8 Amazing Places 110

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33 Living in remote places Reading UNIT 8 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland A Would you want to live in a remote place away from any major city or town? Why? Why not? B Read the conversation. Which remote place is Jack going to talk about? Honolulu, Hawaii Tristan da Cunha Mike: Hey! Have you decided which remote place you are going to talk Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii about? C Circle a, b or c. Helen: I think so. How about you? Mike: To be honest, I’m not exactly keen on the idea of remote places. I 1 Mike doesn’t like the idea of living in a a remote city. like living in the city! I can’t imagine living in a quiet place, out in b a quiet, isolated place. the middle of nowhere. c Antarctica. Kate: I think you’d be surprised to know that there are remote places 2 Jack and Mike with a lot of action! Like the place that Jack is going to talk about. a like the same things. Mike: Yes, well, Jack and I might be best mates but we don’t exactly agree b want to live in Hawaii. on everything! c don’t like the same things. Jack: That’s true. I admit liking peaceful places away from the hustle and 3 Tristan da Cunha can be reached bustle of the city! But the place I’ve chosen is not one of them. a by boat. Mike: As far as I can see, the list of the most remote places in the world b by helicopter. includes volcanic islands like Tristan da Cunha, which is more c by plane. than 3,000 km from South America and 2,700 km away from the 4 Mike realises that nearest coast in South Africa. Also, a place in Greenland whose a it would not be that easy to fly to name I can’t say, the McMurdo Station in Antarctica and so on. Can you imagine us living in such places? Hawaii. Jack:  Probably not. But how about Hawaii? b it would take a 20-hour flight to Mike: How about it? I’d love to go there on a long holiday! Of course, only if Kilauea, the volcano, quiets down! Hawaii. Jack: Exactly! But did you know it is considered the world’s most c it would be easy to fly to Honolulu. isolated group of islands with such a big population? It is almost 5 Hawaii and Tristan 4,000 km from California and more than 6,000 km from Japan. a are volcanoes. Mike: Come on! Honolulu, the capital, is a big city and there are masses b are visited by many tourists. of tourist attractions and activities. And it’s only a five-hour flight c are groups of volcanic islands. from California. Jack: That’s true! Other remote places cannot be reached as easily. The first place you mentioned has no airport and is a 7-day boat ride away! With a population of 262! Mike: On second thoughts, we would have to fly to the States, possibly New York, in order to catch a flight to California. Then fly to Hawaii after a long stopover. It’s a long journey, isn’t it? Helen: Exactly! Try flying for about 25 hours or so! Mike: No problem! I like flying and I don’t mind stopovers! I would still like to go to Hawaii! 112

Vocabulary A Find and underline examples of gerunds and Find each word or phrase in the text and match it with infinitives in the conversation. Circle the verbs the right explanation. which can be followed by both a gerund and an infinitive with to. 1 (in) the middle of a far away from other nowhere places where people live B Circle the correct words. 2 mate b all the people living in a 1 We’re used to waking up / to wake up early country, area or place on school days. 3 peaceful c s omething that makes 2 He finally managed passing / to pass the you want to go to a place exam after failing twice. 4 hustle and bustle d after thinking about it 3 My brother can’t stand sitting / to sit in the again sun for more than ten minutes. 5 isolated e a short stay in a place in 4 Maya offered driving / to drive Jeff to the between parts of a journey station, but he had already ordered a taxi. 6 population f a lot 5 Mike was surprised hearing / to hear that 7 masses g friend Hawaii was so far away from California. 8 attraction h noise and activity 9 on second i not near other places and 6 I keep forgetting / to forget where I put my car keys and have to look for them every thoughts difficult to reach morning. 10 stopover j quiet and calm C Complete the sentences with the words. Use Grammar the gerund or infinitive with to. Make sure you I remember telling you to Yes, but did you use the correct tense. Write in your notebook. wait for me to pick you up. remember to do it? 1 ......................... (stop / eat) if you want to lose weight! Gerunds and Infinitives Gerunds 2 It was really busy at the airport. Cars We can use gerunds: ......................... (stop / pick up) • as the subject or the object of a sentence. passengers all the time. • after prepositions. • after the verb go + activity. 3 Asma and Tonia ......................... (try / • after certain verbs and phrases. help) but Marla was too upset. She didn’t admit, be used to, can’t help, can’t stand, deny, dislike, don’t ......................... (stop / cry) at all. mind, enjoy, feel like, finish, hate, imagine, keep, like, love, miss, 4 My sister always ......................... (refuse / practise, spend time try) new things. My father goes fishing every weekend. Infinitives 5 When Linda ......................... (start / talk), We can use the infinitive with to: there’s no stopping her. After she told me • a fter certain verbs. about her shopping, her new job and what afford, allow, arrange, ask, decide, hope, invite, learn, manage, everyone was wearing at the party, she need, offer, persuade, plan, promise, refuse, want, would like ......................... (go on / tell) me about her • after certain adjectives. cousin and his new car! amazed, fascinated, glad, happy, sad, sorry, surprised, wonderful I offered to help her move but she didn’t want me to. Listening Gerunds or Infinitives These verbs can be followed by a gerund or infinitive without Listen to the information about Nunavut and changing the meaning: complete the fact file. begin, continue, hate, like, love, start She loves to hike and take pictures. Fact File She loves hiking and taking pictures. Nunavut: a large territory in (1) ..................... Canada These verbs can also be followed by a gerund or infinitive, but Area: over (2) ..................... km² there is a change in meaning: Transport: (3) by plane or .................... . go on, remember, stop, try Capital: Iqaluit, on Baffin Island We stopped buying tuna sandwiches for lunch. Points of Interest: The Inuit (4) ....................., the We stopped to buy some sandwiches for the road. Nunavut Arctic College and the ‘Road to Nowhere’. There is also a National Park near the city which is full of caribou and (5) .................... . Speaking Work with a partner. Make a list and compare: • your favourite activities where you live. • other activities that you would like to try, e.g. skiing, bowling, etc. Smart attraction hustle and bustle in the middle of nowhere isolated masses WORDS mate on second thoughts peaceful population stopover UNIT 8 113

34 Living off the grid Reading UNIT 8 A Make a list of activities that require electricity at home, at school, or in other places. Compare ideas in class. Could you live without electricity? Why? Why not? B Read and find out which renewable sources of energy are mentioned in the text. 1 ........ 6 ........ Going completely off the grid means having all your Usually not within the community. Any skills you may home services disconnected. These include the have are used as currency and they might include the power grid (electricity), water supply and community fruit and vegetables you grow in your own garden, services such as rubbish collection. But you don’t have building skills, cleaning abilities, cooking skills, sewing to do it all at once. You can go off the grid gradually skills, etc. and decide how far you want to go. People have solar panels installed for power or use wind power or 7 ........ hydropower. These are all renewable sources of energy. That is a little more demanding as people need to have recycling systems installed. Going off the grid does not 2 ........ require giving up on sanitation and safety. It just means Certainly. We have large water tanks installed to collect getting used to different systems. and store water. We also have solar water heaters installed. Sunlight warms up the water in the water 8 ........ tanks and allows you to have a nice hot shower even on Thinking about your personal needs, your location and cold winter days. how far you are willing to go. You should allow yourself to try out and decide what is suitable for your needs. 3 ........ Well, we have all walls and ceilings insulated to begin with. We also have large glass doors and windows placed to face the sun. 4 ........ No, not at all. It is easy to have a satellite dish installed or use wireless technology to stay connected! 5 ........ There are well-established off-the-grid communities who welcome newcomers and support them with useful advice. C Read and match the frequently asked questions with the correct answers. a What about rubbish and waste? b Are there any off-the-grid communities? c Do they use regular currency? d What does ‘going off the grid’ mean? e Does going off the grid mean that you are no longer connected to the world? f What is the most important thing to consider when you begin? g And how about staying warm in winter and cool in summer? h Can you have cold and hot water? 114

Vocabulary A Match and label each picture with the right B Find each word or phrase in the text and match it with the word or phrase. right explanation. hydropower insulate satellite dish 1 off the grid a money used in a particular place solar panels solar water heater water tank 2 renewable b the systems that remove dirty water and energy waste from homes in order to protect people’s health 1 2 3 wireless c not connected to any of the main supply technology systems of electricity, water, etc. 4 currency d e nergy that is produced using the sun, wind, water or earth 5 sanitation e put something into position and make it ready to use .......................... .......................... 6 install f technology that makes communication 34 possible over distances without the use of cables or wires A Put the words in the correct order to make sentences or questions. Write them in your notebook. .......................... .......................... 1 serviced / my uncle / doesn’t / his / car / have / 5 6 very often .......................... 2 your / cut / often / have / how / do / you / hair / ? 3 twice / teeth / have / I / checked / twice a year Grammar 4 our / house / every week / have / we / cleaned 5 have / your dad / does / his lunch / at work / Why don’t we have the house decorated delivered / ? more of ten? .......................... B Hotel guests don’t have to do these things themselves. Write sentences using the causative. Write in your notebook. You have it 1 their meals / cook and serve decorated every t wo 2 their beds / make years! I paint all the 3 their clothes / wash and iron 4 their rooms / clean walls by myself! 5 their cars / park Speaking Work with a partner. Use the information from the reading text and your own ideas. Talk about: • why people go off the grid. • w hat they have installed in their homes. • w hat they can do themselves. • your own views on the subject. Causative (Present Simple) Writing We use the causative to describe an action that someone else does for you. Form the Present Simple of the causative with: have/has + object Work with a partner. Complete the + past participle of the main verb. questionnaire. Write 3-5 questions. Ask Affirmative and answer. Exchange questionnaires and People who go off the grid have their homes insulated. write answers. Negative They don’t have air conditioning installed in green homes. 1 How often do you have your teeth Question checked? Do they have solar panels installed? Short answer 2 How often do you have your hair cut? Yes, they do. 3 How often do you have pizza For a list of the past participles of irregular verbs, see page 132. Read and highlight all the examples of the causative in the text. delivered? 4 ...................................................... 5 ...................................................... 6 ...................................................... Smart currency install insulate off the grid renewable energy sanitation WORDS satellite dish solar water heater water tank wireless technology UNIT 8 115

35 It looks like new! Reading UNIT 8 A How would you feel if you found out that your school was going to be redecorated? Write a brief list of the things you would like to fix or change. B Read the conversation. What was supposed to be a surprise for the students? What gave it away? Kate: Hey! What are they doing to our school? Look at all this scaffolding! Yuck! Helen: Come on! Can’t you see that they’re going to have all the walls repaired and painted? It’s going to look like new when we come back after summer. Kate: But they had our classrooms redecorated only last year! I still remember the smell from the paint! Mike: I didn’t mind the smell but I wasn’t very keen on those white walls opposite the windows in our classroom! They hurt my eyes! Helen: Well, they were covered with boards and posters by the end of the year, so you could hardly see them! Jack: Here’s Mrs Farah, our science teacher. Let’s find out what they plan to do. Good morning, Mrs Farah. Mrs Farah: Good morning, everyone. It's the weekend. What are you doing here? Jack: We were looking at the scaffolding and wondering about what kind of changes have been planned for our school. Mrs Farah: Oh, I’m glad to see students taking an interest in this sort of thing. Do you remember talking about renewable sources of energy and how we can save on energy for heating and cooling? Jack: Yes, of course. Mrs Farah: Well, the Building Committee have decided to have all the walls insulated to save on heating and air conditioning. They will have all the classes redecorated and fitted with new furniture. Also, all classrooms will be equipped with digital projectors and new computers. Wireless technology will be used throughout the school. The committee have had all the equipment delivered and stored in a secure place. They are going to have everything installed later this summer after all construction work has been completed. Kate: Are they also going to have all our plants and the vegetable garden replaced? Mrs Farah: Oh, no. Not at all. They are going to have a fence built and signs put up. They are also going to have student artwork and projects shown in the gym. Mike: Wow! Sounds great! Why didn’t anyone tell us about all this? Mrs Farah: I’m not sure, but maybe it was supposed to be a surprise for the start of the year! Mike: What, with all this scaffolding? Mrs Farah: Well, this was a mistake! They were going to have it done after the end of term but the builders got the dates mixed up! C Answer the questions. Write your answers in your notebook. 1 Why is the school going to ‘look like new’ at the start of the year? 2 What is Mrs Farah pleased about? 3 What will they do to save on heating and cooling? 4 What will be done about furniture and electronic equipment? 5 What is Kate worried about? What does Mrs Farah tell her? 116 6 What has the committee done with new electronic equipment?

Vocabulary B Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases. A Match and label each picture with the Committee construction cooling fitted with saved on secure right word or phrase. 1 Most office buildings use air conditioning for ......................... in digital projector fence the summer. redecorate scaffolding 2 You need to have your car ......................... a new alarm system. 12 3 It is important for parents to know that a school building is a ......................... place with no risks for their children. .......................... .......................... 34 4 You can see that the building is still under ......................... . There are workers on the scaffolding. 5 It was a warm winter, so we didn’t have the heating on all day. We really ......................... electricity! 6 All school events are organised by volunteers on the Special Events ......................... . .......................... .......................... A Find and highlight examples of the causative in the text. Which tenses have you found? Use your grammar summary to help you. Grammar B Use the prompts and make sentences with the correct tense of the causative. Write in your notebook. I need to have the house redecorated. Moving! So I don’t 1 I / a special cake make / for Aiden’s birthday / two days ago. I’ll have the store deli ver some paint have to do the whole 2 my mother / a new outfit make / for my soon. What are you doing Archie? house … again! brother’s graduation / next month 3 we / carpets clean / today 4 Jake / just / his smartphone replace 5 our neighbour / a new fence build / soon 6 Dad / his car service / yet Speaking Causative (other tenses) Talk with a partner. The school’s Building Committee have asked members of your class We use the causative in most tenses. committee to make suggestions about changes in the school. Think about: Present continuous We are having our house redecorated this week. • redecorating • doors and windows Past Simple The committee had scaffolding built around the school. • equipment and furniture • other Past Continuous I was having my hair cut when there was a power cut. Writing Present Perfect Simple They’ve had all the equipment delivered and stored. Work with a partner. Use your roleplay ideas to Past Perfect Simple write an email to the Building Committee about They had had some classrooms redecorated before they decided what you would like to have done. to redecorate the whole school and update all the equipment. Future Simple To: The School Building Committee They will have student artwork shown in the gym. Future Continuous Subject: Suggestions to make our school better The committee will be having all the construction work done Dear Committee Members, during the summer break. We would like to thank you for inviting us to make Future Perfect Simple suggestions about changes in our school. They will have had all the work done by the time school starts. We are happy to list our suggestions below: be going to 1 .......................... They are going to have classrooms fitted with new furniture. 2 .......................... Modals Thank you again. They can’t have the equipment installed while the school is being Class ....... Student Committee redecorated. Smart committee construction cooling digital projector fence UNIT 8 117 WORDS fit (something) with redecorate save on scaffolding secure

36 Life on the Faroe Islands Reading UNIT 8 A Do you think young people who live in smaller, distant places are different from those who live in cities or towns? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. B Read Kate’s blog. What are Ella and Kate excited about? Kate’s Blog 90 Follow I’ve just had the coolest conversation online with 1AF8talamrnoateiicnIsOislcalaennaddnss,:hinaltfhweaymbidedtlweeoefntNheorNwoaryth Ella, who lives on one of the smaller Faroe Islands. and Iceland Despite the fact that we live so far apart, (1) ...... She A self-governing country within the Kingdom commented on a blog I had posted some time ago, about how city kids felt about life in quiet places. She of Denmark. pointed out that although she lived in such a place, she Area: 1,399 km kept up with all the action and the trends that interest Population: 50,800 young people. (2) ...... The minute I saw her on screen Languages: Faroese, Danish and we started speaking, it felt as if we had known each other for years. (3) ...... She was just a teenager who had C Complete the blog with the the same worries, wishes and dreams! At some point she said, ‘I know you’ve been dying to ask me about life on sentences below. the island. So, fire away!’ I asked her about school, her friends and what she did at weekends. She told me that her school was in Tórshavn, the capital a A project was underway for a of the Faroes. Tórshavn was on Streymoy, the main island, so she had to tunnel to connect the smaller travel every day except for winter. She stayed home and attended classes islands to the capital. online when it got really cold. She explained that it would be easier in the future. (4) ...... b She orders most of her clothes Although she lives on a remote island, Ella is always dressed in stylish, and accessories online. trendy clothes. (5) ...... In spite of the fact that I live in the city, I’m not as well informed as Ella. She often gives me shopping tips! When I c Ella and I have a lot in common. commented on it, she was quick to answer: ‘We’re connected! I don’t think d Our parents have agreed to let I’d be able to live here if we weren’t. Nobody our age would! (6) ...... I will be spending two weeks with Ella and her family in the Faroes! us spend some time together this summer! e We arranged a video chat in order to speak face to face. f Ella was no different from the rest of us. 118

Vocabulary A Find each word or phrase in the text and match it with the right B Look at the blog and match. explanation. 1 post a a conversation 1 worry a say or write your opinion about something 2 have something b have the same interests, experiences, etc. 2 have b with trends in common 3 keep up c classes 3 action c s omething that makes you feel frightened 4 attend d tips or unhappy 4 comment d important or exciting things that are 5 give e a blog happening 5 point out e tell or remind someone about something A Complete the sentences with the words 6 capital f a long passage under the ground below. 7 tunnel g ask whatever questions you like because of the fact despite 8 tip h a city that is the centre of in order to since so such government of a country or area 9 fire away i happening now, in progress 10 underway j a useful piece of information 1 We arranged to leave early ..................... avoid heavy traffic. Grammar 2 He lost his job ..................... that he was always late. Archie is so quiet that I forget he’s around! That’s HELP! 3 Ken had to work overtime the reason why we li ve so happily together! ..................... he didn’t join us. 4 It was ..................... a beautiful day that we decided to go on a picnic. 5 ..................... working so hard, he never seems to get tired. 6 We decided to stay in and watch a DVD ..................... it was raining. Clauses B Circle the correct words. Clauses of Reason We use clauses of reason to explain why something happens. 1 They wouldn’t let him on the plane • because + clause because / so he forgot his passport. • because of + noun/pronoun • because of the fact that + clause 2 There were such a / so many • as/since + clause passengers that it took a long time to She stayed at home because it was too cold. board the plane. She stayed at home because of the cold. She stayed at home because of the fact that it was too cold. 3 Despite the fact that / In spite he has She attended class online as/since it was cold. lived here for many years, he can’t Clauses of Purpose speak the language. We use clauses of purpose to explain why someone does something. •so that + subject + can/will/could/would 4 Ann and I never manage to get •in order to / to + infinitive together because / although we live We arranged to meet so that we could talk about the problem. quite close. We arranged to meet in order to / to talk about the problem. 5 They got up early in order / so that to get to the airport on time. Clauses of Concession Speaking We use clauses of concession to show contrast or disagreement in a sentence. Talk to a partner. Talk about how you met •although + clause a close friend and what you thought of •in spite of / despite + ing and in spite of / despite + the fact that him/her when you first met. Although we are classmates, we don’t know much about each other. In spite of / Despite being classmates, we don’t know much about each Writing other. In spite of / Despite the fact that we are classmates, we don’t know much about each other. Clauses of Result Write a short blog or journal entry about: We use clauses of result to talk about the effects of an action. •so + adjective + that + clause • a friend and how you met. •such a/an + adjective + noun + that + clause • w here your friend lives (in the same •so + clause It gets so cold in winter that it is impossible to stay out long. town/city, far away). We have such a cold winter that it is impossible to stay out long. • how you communicate (online, video chat, It is very cold in winter so we don’t stay out long. face-to-face, etc.). • a memorable conversation or incident. Smart action capital comment fire away have (something) in common point out tip tunnel underway worry WORDS UNIT 8 119

8REVIEW Amazing Places Vocabulary A Circle the correct answers. 1 Idon’t want to keep any secrets from Jade. She’s my best ...... . a attraction b mate 2 Our flight to New York took about 16 hours, including a two-hour ...... in London. a stopover b population 3 The beach was so quiet and ...... at sunset that we didn’t want to leave. a isolated b peaceful 4 Iknow I suggested going out to dinner but ...... we would have more fun having a barbecue in our garden. Don’t you agree? a on second thoughts b in the middle of nowhere 5 Many young people enjoy the ...... of big cities and spending time at malls. a renewable energy b hustle and bustle 6 There are ...... of restaurants to choose from along the coast. We don’t have to eat at the same place every time. a masses b attractions B Complete the sentences with the words below. off the grid satellite dish solar water heater water tank wireless technology 1 Most of the houses in our village have a ..................................... installed in the garden or on the roof to store water in case of emergency. 2 We had a ..................................... installed so we can have access to channels in different countries. 3 We don’t use electricity for hot water because we have a ..................................... . 4 My brother has just built a house that is completely ..................................... . He uses solar energy as well as wind and water power. 5 ..................................... has made communication between people in different places possible at any time. C Circle the correct words. 1 When you travel to different countries, it is advisable to have some cash in local currency / construction. 2 Painters use committee / scaffolding to climb up to higher floors and paint the exterior of the building. 3 The cooling / secure system in our office building runs on renewable energy. 4 We had our house insulated / redecorated to save energy in winter. 5 Our school had sanitation / digital projectors installed in all the classrooms. D Read the sentences and circle R (right) or W (wrong). R/W R/W 1 When you comment, you only write negative things about something. R/W 2 When someone gives you a tip, they tell you something that may help you. R/W 3 The capitals of most countries are in remote, isolated places. R/W 4 A project is underway when it is completed. R/W 5 A home fitted with electronic equipment doesn’t have any computers. 6 Redecorating a house involves building more walls and replacing windows. 120

Grammar A Make sentences with the Present Simple of the causative. 1 many people / their houses insulate / to save energy ................................................................................................. 2 they / their house redecorate / every year / ? ................................................................................................. 3 people/ not big houses build / these days ................................................................................................. 4 Dad / his hair cut / once a month ................................................................................................. 5 your father / his car service / every six months / ? ................................................................................................. B Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the causative. 1 My father ............................... a water tank ............................... (build) last summer. 2 We ............................... just ............................... wireless internet ............................... (install). 3 I hope we ............................... our cooling system ............................... (fix) very soon. 4 We ............................... our school ............................... (clean) at the moment. 5 Our teacher ............................... the old projector ............................... (repair) because it isn’t working. C Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives with to. allow hear inform insulate use walk 1 The examination committee refused ............................... the use of dictionaries during the exam. 2 ............................... the walls of our house will save energy. 3 We are not allowed ............................... the air-conditioning units for heating. 4 New York is as exciting as it is fabulous. You can feel the energy of the place just ............................... around the centre. 5 Sorry, I forgot ............................... you about the flight delay beforehand. 6 It was wonderful ............................... your news about the new job. D Circle the correct words. 1 After she earned her biology degree, Kim went on studying / to study maths. 2 She doesn’t remember meeting / to meet any of us before. Is that possible? 3 Would you mind to come / coming back a bit later? I’m afraid I am busy with an emergency at the moment. 4 After work, she stopped buying / to buy a cup of coffee and went to the bus stop to wait for her bus. 5 Some people are used to save on / saving on energy and making sure that all the lights are off when they are not needed. E Complete the sentences with the correct answer. 1 We called Emma’s mother ...... ask her about Emma’s favourite colours. a in order to b so that 2 ...... being friends, we don’t share all our secrets. a Although b Despite 3 It was ...... busy day that we hardly had time to have a snack. a so b such a 4 They set up the scaffolding ...... they wanted to paint the exterior of the building. a because b because of 5 It gets ...... crowded at our favourite café at weekends that we can hardly find any seats. a so b such REVIEW 8 121

Writing 8 A story Hi everyone! Read the story and find out about the bird in the photo. A Read the story and circle the correct verb form. A Scary Sound was finding / found 122

B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous. 1 By the time Kate got up, her cousins ............................................... (leave) home. 2 Kate ............................................... (tell) her aunt what ............................................... (happen) while they were away. 3 The birds ............................................... (fly) over the bushes while Kate ......................... ...................... (relax) in the garden. 4 She was trying to calm down when she ............................................... (hear) footsteps. 5 Kate ............................................... (plan) this trip for the last two years, so she wanted to enjoy every minute of it. 6 When she ............................................... (go) into the kitchen, she found a note. 7 They went to bed at 4 o’clock in the morning because they ............................................... (catch up) on the latest family news. 8 She remembered that she ............................................... (read) about hummingbirds in her biology book. C Write a story that begins with the words: I was in (place) or Smart TIP When you write a It was a very special day. story, remember to use past tenses. WRITING 8 123

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