Body Systems Flip Book for 7th graders

Body Systems Flip Book​For 7th graders! By: Paola Russe

This amazing informative flip book about body systems is for Coach Martinez...who made me do it in the first place. You’re welcome. 1 T​ OC

Table of Contents 3 5Integumentary System 7Musculoskeletal System 9Nervous System 11Special Senses 13Cardiovascular System 15Respiratory System 17Digestive System 19Urinary SystemReproductive System 2 ​TOC

Integumentary SystemSystem ResearchFunction: keeps fluids, helps the immune system, touchDiseases/disorder: ● Acne vulgaris- l​ ong-term skin disease, pimples, blackheads, & grease ● Diaphoresis- sweating too muchHealthcare careers: ● Dermatologist- skin doctor ● Cosmetic surgeon- skin surgeonStructures: ● Epidermis- the outer layer of the skin ● Keratin- waterproof protein ● Melanin- dark brown to black color produced by cells ● Sweat glands- regulate body temperature & water ● Hair- dead protein, helps control body heat ● Nails- protects toes & fingers ● Dermis- thick layer of tissue under epidermis, contains nerves, vessels, & hair fibers ● Collagen- tough, flexible protein ● Mast cells- responds to injury ● Hair follicles- sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers 3 ​TOC

Musculoskeletal SystemSystem ResearchFunction: Movement, temperature regulation, & helps body functionsDiseases/disorder: ● Fascitis- inflammation of the fascia ● Tenalgia- P​ ain in a tendonHealthcare careers: ● Orthopedic surgeon- Doctor who does surgeries on bones ● Rheumatologist- muscle, bone, and immune doctorStructures: ● Muscle fibers- long, slender cells ● Fascia- connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle ● Tendon- tissue that attaches muscle to bone ● Skeletal muscles- attached to bones and provide movement ● Smooth Muscles- in internal organs, involuntary ● Cardiac Muscle- special tissue in the heart ● Contraction- tightening of the muscle ● Relaxation- muscle returning to its original state ● Muscle tone- normal state of balanced muscle tension ● Neuromuscular- relationship between nerve & muscle 4 T​ OC

Nervous SystemSystem ResearchFunction: Coordinates and controls all body activitiesDiseases/disorder: ● Cephalalgia- ​pain in the head ● Cranial hematoma- bleeding of the brainHealthcare careers: ● Anesthesiologist- a physician that gives anesthesia ● Neurosurgeon- brain surgeonStructures: ● Nerve- bundles of neuron cells ● Tract- nerves located in the brain or spinal cord ● Ganglion- a knotlike of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system ● Plexus- a network of intersecting nerves and blood ● Innervation- supply of nerves to a body part, stimulation of a body part through nerves ● Receptors- sites in the sensory organs that receive external signals ● Stimulus- anything that activates the nerves ● Impulse- a wave transmitted through nerves and neurons ● Reflex- an automatic response ● Neuron- the basic cell of the nervous system 5 ​TOC

Special SensesSystem ResearchFunction: they allow us to see, smell, hearing, taste, and touchDiseases/disorder: ● Anosmia- loss of the sense of smell ● Deafness- loss of hearingHealthcare careers: ● Ophthalmologist- eye doctor ● Otorhinolaryngologist- ear, nose, and throat doctorStructures: ● Transduction- sensory cells translating stimuli into actions ● Photoreceptors- cells that detect light waves ● Mechanoreceptors- cells that detect sound waves and pressure on the skin and in the inner ear ● Gustation- taste cells ● Olfaction- smell cells ● Chemoreceptors- cells that detect the molecules in our food and in the air ● Volatile- gassy state ● Taste Receptor Epithelial cells- register and respond to different molecules in food ● Gustatory Cortex- structure in the brain responsible for taste ● Olfactory Cortex- structure in the brain for smell 6 T​ OC

Cardiovascular SystemSystem ResearchFunction: work to pump blood to all of the bodyDiseases/disorder: ● Atherosclerosis- hardening and narrowing of the arteries ● Carditis- inflammation of the heartHealthcare careers: ● Cardiologist- specializes in diagnosing & treating the heart ● Hematologist- specializes in diagnosing & treating the blood and the blood-forming tissuesStructures: ● Pericardium- the double walled sac that surrounds the heart ● Epicardium- external layer of the heart and part of the pericardium ● Myocardium- middle and thickest layer of the 3 layers of the heart, cardiac muscle ● Endocardium- inner lining of the heart, direct contact with the heart ● Atria- 2 upper chambers of the heart ● Ventricles- lower chambers of the heart ● Cardiac apex- tip of the heart ● Tricuspid valve- controls opening between the right atrium and right ventricle ● Systemic circulation- blood flow to all of the body except the lungs ● Pulmonary circulation- blood flow between the lungs and the heart 7 ​TOC

Respiratory SystemSystem ResearchFunction: bring in oxygen to blood cellsDiseases/disorder: ● Asthma- breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing ● Emphysema- loss of lung functionHealthcare careers: ● Otolaryngologist- ear, nose, and throat doctor ● Pulmonologist- lung doctorStructures: ● Cilia- thin hairs inside nose ● Sinus- hollowed bone, filled with mucous ● Pharynx- throat, 3 divisions ● Larynx- voice box ● Trachea- windpipe ● Alveoli- air sacs, gas exchange ● Lobe- division of the lungs ● Pleura- multilayered membrane around each lung ● Diaphragm- muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdomen, contracts and relaxes, makes breathing possible ● Phrenic nerve- stimulates diaphragm, causes it to contract 8 ​TOC

Digestive SystemSystem ResearchFunction: digests food, absorbs food, & eliminates wastesDiseases/disorder: ● Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing ● Bruxism- involuntary grinding of the teethHealthcare careers: ● Gastroenterologist- stomach and intestine doctor ● Internist- internal organ doctorStructures: ● Upper GI tract- mouth, esophagus, & stomach ● Lower GI tract- small intestines, large intestines, rectum, & anus ● Lips- opening to the mouth ● Palate- roof of the mouth ● Tongue- strong, flexible muscle that aids in speech & moves food during chewing and swallowing ● Salivary Glands- makes saliva ● Esophagus- tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach ● Cardiac Sphincter- ring-like muscle that controls flow of food into the stomach ● Gallbladder- a pear shaped sac located under the liver ● Peristalsis- series of wave-like contractions in a single direction 9 ​TOC

Urinary SystemSystem ResearchFunction: maintains homeostasis, eliminates wasteDiseases/disorder: ● Anuria- kidneys stop producing pee ● Edema- too much fluid in body tissueHealthcare careers: ● Nephrologist- kidney doctor ● Urologist- urinary system & genitourinary doctorStructures: ● Kidneys- filters blood to remove waste and excess water ● Urinary Bladder- hollow muscular organ, holds urine ● Ureters- narrow tubes, each carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder ● Urethra- tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body ● Urea- major waste product ● Nephrons- dose all the work in the kidneys ● Glomerulus- a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a membrane ● Urochrome- thing that gives urine its yellow color ● Urinary sphincters- located at either end of the urethra, control flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra ● Urethral meatus- external opening of the urethra 10 T​ OC

Reproductive SystemSystem ResearchFunction: female: create & support new life male: help create new life &also function as part of the urinary systemHealthcare careers: ● Urologist- urinary system & genitourinary system doctor ● Gynecologist- female reproductive system doctor 11 T​ OC

I deserve the 10 points, because of several wonderful reasons. I completed my research a week ahead of time, demonstrating my efficiency and responsibility. I also created a table of contents on google docs that can take you to the appropriate place you click on, which we did not knowwas possible in google docs. My flip book is also presented very neatly and professionally. On top of that I also included a dedication page and of utmost honor dedicated it to you, Coach Martinez. Therefore I deserve and have earned the 10 points, maybe even 15 points. Thank you, Paola Russe 12 ​TOC