10 Vạn Câu Hỏi Vì Sao - Vũ Trụ Kỳ Bí (Mai Vinh)

["N \u1ebfu M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf qu\u00e1 cao so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm v\u00e0 l\u00fac x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u, c \u1ea7 u v\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u01b0a \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. C \u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00e1i T\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u01b0a ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea t\u00edn th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1edf v\u00ec c\u00e1c linh h \u1ed3 n \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng \u0111i l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3n g c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u0103t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t(w nh\u01b0 th \u1ebf n\u1ee9c? Tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao p h \u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2T tr\u1ed3 n g tr\u1ecdt, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1eabn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 n g v\u1eadt) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111 \u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2t (tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi n h \u1eef n g m \u1ea3nh, nh\u1eef ng h \u1ea1 t \u0111\u00e1 li ti v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111 \u1ed9 n g v \u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v \u1ead t \u0111\u00e3 p h \u00e2n h\u1ee7y. N h\u1eef ng h \u1ea1 t \u0111\u00e1 li ti \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2T l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1, xu\u1ea5t p h \u00e1 t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 theo th\u1eddi gian. Trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0o m \u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 b\u00ed 103 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi b\u0103ng h\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1eeba b\u00e0o m \u00f2n \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i tr\u00f2n, nh\u1eb5n th\u00edn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u0103ng h\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c s\u00f3ng b\u00e0o m\u00f2n. N\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 tan, c\u0169ng b\u00e0o m \u00f2n \u0111\u00e1. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. N l\u0169\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 \\\"gi\u00e3n n\u1edf\\\". N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th \u1ea5p l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 \\\"co l\u1ea1i\\\". Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \\\"co gi\u00e3n\\\" \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n \u1ee9 t ra. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe \u0111\u00e1, g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch khi\u1ebfn cho v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ng\u00e0y m \u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o khe \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, l\u1edbn l\u00ean. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t ra. Gi\u00f3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 m \u00f2n \u0111i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m \u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111 \u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th \u00e0n h \u0111\u00e2d tr\u1ed3 n g tr\u1ecd t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n h \u1eef n g h \u1ea1 t \u0111\u00e1 m \u1ecbn li ti kia c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi \\\"m\u00f9n\\\". M \u00f9n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 do x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. Nh\u1edd vi khu\u1ea9n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"m\u00f9n\\\". C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2d c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho \u0111 \u1ea5 t ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau. L\u1edbp \u0111 \u1ea5 t t\u00f4d nh\u00e2d n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111 \u1ea5 t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Trong l\u1edbp \u0111 \u1ea5 t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \\\"m\u00f9n\\\". L\u1edbp \u0111 \u1ea5 t ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"l\u1edbp d\u1ea5t c\u00e1t\\\" (subsoil) g\u1ed3m p h \u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i. L\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ec1n\\\" (bedrock). L\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho t\u00e2T c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2d tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to \u00e0n th \u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 104 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Do d\u1ee1u nham Ih\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u0103c? Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng m \u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e2y v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m \u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch. M \u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4xy h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a s\u1eaft, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00f4 hanh \u00edt m\u01b0a, s\u1eaft \u00f4xy h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t m \u1ea1nh n\u00ean xu\u00e2d hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 r\u1ee9iam th\u1ea1ch m \u00e0u xanh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u00e2't \u00f4xy h\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u1eaft, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00ed \u00f4xy cung c\u00e2p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u1eaft \u00f4xy h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u xanh. Lo\u1ea1i th \u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, nh\u01b0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2t l\u01b0u h u\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 s\u1eaft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0ng, qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m \u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Nham th\u1ea1ch h\u1ee2p th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m \u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111en, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00e0r\u00ech ph\u1ea7n than, h\u1eafc \u00edn ch\u1ee9a m \u00e0u \u0111en, ngo\u00e0i ra, than \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch m \u00e0u \u0111en. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee2p ch\u00e2T h\u1ee2p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2t, thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha t\u1ea1p V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 105 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nh\u01b0: \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y tinh, boxic nh\u00f4m th u \u1ea7 n ch\u00e2\u201dt l\u00e0 m \u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau m \u00e0u lam, m \u00e0u n\u00e2u, m \u00e0u t\u00edm, m \u00e0u huy\u1ebft d\u1ee5. f\u00edti\u00ed qiu\u1eca\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0n\u1eb1 nh\u01b0 th \u00ea n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c b \u1ea1n nh\u1ecf \u0111 \u1ec1 u bi\u1ebft, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2d c\u1ee7a ch \u00fang ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean l\u00e0 chung quanh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. V\u1eady b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? Th\u1eddi \\\"ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu\\\" c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau, do Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t quay quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi n\u00ean g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t thu h\u00fat r\u1ed3i \u00f4m quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. M \u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed \u00f4xy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecr\u1ee9i th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m \u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay! T\u1ea1isao t\u1ea1i c\u00f3m\u01b0a(Ot\u00edi? C h\u00fang ta b i\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 r\u00e2T nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed cacbonic (\u0111i\u00f4xit cacbon) tan v\u00e0o trong 106 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ax\u00edt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a c\u00f3 ax\u00edt r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c v \u1eadt h \u00e2p th\u1ee5 th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i. N h\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay, xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f3i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m \u00e1y th\u1ea3i ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed \u0111i\u00f4xit cacbon, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ee2p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ax\u00edt sun\u00eduric, ax\u00edt nitric r\u1ed3i h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a ax\u00edt n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u0111 \u1ea5t \u0111ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n. M\u01b0a ax\u00edt th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m m \u1ee5c n\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u00e0 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \\\"tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1\\\" c\u0169ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. G\u1ec9\u1eddng b\u00f9c ti\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n\u1eb1 nh\u01b0 th \u1ebf n\u1ee9c? D\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00e2'p m ang theo kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \\\"m\u0169i\\\" l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1 p su\u00e2T th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd sinh ra d \u00f2 n g kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ed1c l\u00ean cao r\u1ea5t m \u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m b\u1ed1c l\u00ean n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m \u00e2y t\u00edch m\u01b0a. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o, m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. G i\u00f4ng b\u00e3o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c r\u00e2T r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m \u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m \u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 107 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nh\u1ecf. \u1edf m \u1ed9t v \u00f9 n g \u0111\u00e2't kh\u00ed h \u1ead u n \u00f3ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch \u00e2u \u00c1, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, t\u1ea1o th \u00e0n h m \u1ed9t d i\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u00e2d l\u1edbn, v\u00f9ng \u00e2\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u00e2d kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u00e2'p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u00e1p th\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m \u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m ang \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o. K\u1ebft c\u00e1u v \u00f9 n g \u00e1p th\u00e2p; k \u1ebft c\u1eab\u2019u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p th\u00e2p n\u00f3ng bao g\u1ed3m m \u1ed9t \\\"m\u0169i\\\" n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m \u1ed9t \\\"m\u0169i\\\" l\u1ea1nh. D\u00f2ng kh\u00ed b\u00f4c l\u00ean xung quanh h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m \u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u01b0a. M \u0103y m m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th \u1ebf n\u00fa\u20ac? C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u00e1t m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2't khi b\u1ecb nung n \u00f3 n g do h \u00e2 p th \u1ee5 n h i\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m \u1eb7 t \u0111\u00e2^t m\u00e0 n h i\u1ec7t 108 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y do M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ban t\u1eb7ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 bay l\u00ean. C h\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u1edf t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1 i l\u01b0u, c\u00e0ng xa m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2T, n h i\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng h\u1ea1. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bay l\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m xu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng th\u00e2'y m \u00e2y tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng k\u1ebft tinh \u0111ang tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng, r\u1ed3i n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai t\u1ea1 i ph\u1ee7 m \u0103y? N \u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m \u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, \u0111\u00e1m m \u00e2y n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m im \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh. N \u1ebfu c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 m \u1ea1n h th\u1ed5i qua \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai, m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n leo l\u00ean n\u00fai. C\u00f2n lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 ph\u00eda sau th\u00ec sao? N \u1ebfu c\u00f3 m \u00e2y \u1edf lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 n\u00e0y th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n \u0111i h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m \u00e2y v\u1eeba nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eadu. V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 109 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec th\u1ebf, cho n \u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111 \u1ec9nh n\u00fa i v \u1eabn c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m \u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d \u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ed5i qua n\u00fai nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m \u0169 m \u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u00fai v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. T\u1ea1i sao v\u00f9ng sa m \u1ea1i l\u1ea1 i b \u1ecbi\u01b0 i\u00f4 li\u1ea1 n ? Nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u1edf sa m \u1ea1c n h i\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 15 - 35 \u0111 \u1ed9 quanh Nam B\u1eafc x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u00f4i kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 th\u00e2'p xu\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u00e9p n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i, 110 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m \u01b0a, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 h\u00e2\\\"p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1edb sa m\u1ea1c g\u1ea7n d\u00e3y n\u00fai, do c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c bay l\u00ean, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai b\u00ean kia ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u00f3 m ang h\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ed5i qua l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m cho l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 sa m\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u1ea1i S(W m \u00e3y c\u1ed1 nhi\u00eau m\u00f9u s\u0103 \u20ac ? M \u00e0u s\u1eafc m \u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u do m \u00e2y ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m \u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea1m vi p h \u00e2n b\u00f4\\\", k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th \u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m \u00e2y. N h\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u00e2m u, ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7 a m \u00e2y r\u00e2\\\"t r\u1ed9 n g , h \u1ea7 u n h \u01b0 che p h \u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b \u1ea7 u tr\u1eddi n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th \u1ebf m \u00e2y c\u00f3 m \u00e0u x\u00e1m t\u00f4i. C\u00f2n nh\u1eef ng l\u00fac tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng r\u00e1o hay nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m \u00e2y tr\u00ean b \u1ea7 u tr\u1eddi r\u00e2\\\"t \u00edt, \u0111\u01b0 \u1ee3c m \u1eb7 t tr\u1eddi ch i\u1ebf u s\u00e1n g , n \u00ea n h \u1ea7 u h \u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m \u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m \u00e0u tr\u1eafng. V\u00e0o m \u00f9a h\u00e8, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, m \u00e2y d\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn. Lo\u1ea1i m \u00e2y n \u00e0y th\u01b0 \u1edd ng l\u00e0 m \u00e2y \u0111en, v\u00ec ch \u00fa n g r\u00e2\\\"t d \u00e0 y n \u00ean \u00e1 n h s\u00e1n g m \u1eb7 t tr\u1edd i h \u1ea7 u n h \u01b0 k h \u00f4 n g th \u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.v S\u1edf d\u0129, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m \u00e2y v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh m inh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h \u00f4 n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m \u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 do M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp m\u1ecdc hay s\u1eafp l\u1eb7n, \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfu xi\u00ean. N\u00f3 p h \u1ea3i xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea7n g kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n r\u00e2\\\"t d\u00e0y, n \u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf hay cam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ee7 m \u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed9m th \u00e0n h m \u1ed9t m \u00e0u cam \u0111\u1ecf r\u00e2\\\"t \u0111\u1eb9p. 112 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec S(WM\u1eb7t Tr\u00f2i t\u1ea1i hh\u1ee1ng ch\u00e1y ti\u1ebft? C h\u00fang ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111 \u1ed1 t ch\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m \u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. Khi ta \u0111 \u1ed1 t m \u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u00e2y, n h i\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1ea1i x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y. C\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf trung t\u00e2m M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi r\u1ea5t cao l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 hy\u0111r\u00f4) s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Trong m \u1ed9t gi\u00e2y \u1edf M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 600 tri\u1ec7u t\u00e2\\\"n hy\u0111r\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn th \u00e0n h Heli l\u00e0 \\\"Tro\\\" c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y. N \u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hy\u0111r\u00f4 c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi m \u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n xa kh\u00f4ng? M \u1ed9t gi\u00e2y M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi m\u00e2T \u0111i 6 tri\u1ec7u t\u00e2'n hy\u0111r\u00f4, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafm m \u1ed9t v\u1ea1n t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn trong m \u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N \u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hy\u0111r\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 33 v \u1ea1n l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0r\u1ee9i m \u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m \u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m l\u00fac m\u00e0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m \u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ecf, th\u00ec t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m \u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn hy\u0111r\u00f4. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 113 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec scw n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1 i c\u00f3 m\u00f9u m nh? B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u00fang ta ng\u1eafna nh\u00ecn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n xanh bi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m \u00e0u. Song khi nh\u00ecn ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y m \u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9n g c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u00c1 nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p c\u1ee7a 7 tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc. C\u00e1c tia \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m \u00e0u l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ecf, da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u00edm. V\u00ec th \u1ebf khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng m \u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 xuy\u00ean qua n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. N h\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn, khi g\u1eb7p m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec \u0111a ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n x\u1ea1. Do \u0111\u00f3, tia s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng n g \u1eaf n nh\u00e2\\\"t l\u00e0 tia m \u00e0u xanh da tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m \u00e0u t\u00edm g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 h\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m \u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u00e0u xanh n\u00ean khi nh\u00ecn m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m \u00e0u xanh. V\u00ec S(W\u00d40 'c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u00ean hh\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng? M \u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m \u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: l\u00e2y 3 c\u00e1i b\u00e1t, m \u1ed9t b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3, m \u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 m \u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n. \u0110 \u1ebfn 0\u00b0c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th \u1ea5y b \u00e1 t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n g b\u0103ng, hai b\u00e1t kia th\u00ec ch\u01b0a. 114 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 l\u00e0 0\u00aec, c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m u\u1ed1i th\u00ec th\u00e2^p h\u01a1n. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1p cho n\u00ean d \u00f9 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u00f4ng 0*^c, n\u00f3 v \u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Khi n hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng th \u1ea5p hctn n\u1eefa, m \u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. T\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbt ra s\u1ed1 b\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft, m \u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v \u1eabn r\u00e2T nh\u1ea1t. V\u00ec m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u0103n g (0,9 g \/m m ) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, so v\u1edbi m u\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00ean b\u0103ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u00e2T \u0111 \u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t p h \u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed9 l\u00ean tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 115 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u1ea1i sao M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng Hh\u1ee1ng rci xu\u00e2ng? N guy\u00ean do l\u00e0 t\u00e2\\\"t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v \u1ead t ch \u1ea5t tr\u00ean th \u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111 \u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h \u00fa t c\u1ee7a \\\"Qu\u1ea3 \u0110 \u1ea5t\\\" gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng b\u1ecb \\\"Q u\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5t\\\" h \u00fa t r\u1ed3i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. N h\u01b0ng khi M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t s\u1ebd sinh ra m \u00f4t l\u1ef1c ng\u1eeb\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m . L\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 M \u1eb7t T r\u0103ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n treo cao tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung. V\u00ec sao c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1n g m \u1eadt tr\u00f9i l\u1ea1 i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0\u20ac m\u00faa? V\u00ec qu\u1ef9 \u0111 \u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T h \u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T ng h i\u00ean g 23 \u0111\u1ed9 5 tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 4 m \u00f9a n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 theo m \u00f9a. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m \u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf: m \u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m m \u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u00e2y, tay kia c\u1ea7m m \u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c m \u1ed9t l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111 \u1eb7t hai t\u1edd gi\u00e2y song song h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd cho ta v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 hai. G i\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb 116 0 ! ^ 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","tr\u00ed t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 nh\u00e2t, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng xoay nghi\u00eang t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1ebft s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n sang h\u00ecnh elip. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng d \u1ea7n d \u1ea7n s\u1ebd th\u00e2y r\u00e2\\\"t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7 t l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh elip. M \u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n h \u00e2\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a t\u1edd gi\u00e2y th \u1ee9 nh\u00e2\\\"t d \u1ea7 n d \u1ea7 n tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng ra tr\u00ean d i\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00ean v\u1ebft s\u00e1ng \u1edf t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i d\u1ea7n. N h\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n khi chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00f4i v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u1edf B\u1eafc b \u00e1n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed, v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u00ed th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u00e1c m i\u1ec1n \u0111 \u1ea5t ph\u00eda Nam, M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 30 \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1 n h s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eang n \u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m \u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, so v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed th\u00ec \u1edf ti\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu \u00e1 n h n \u1eafn g \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec \u00e1n h s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng n h\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1n g n g \u1eaf n n \u00ea n v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft \u0110 \u00f4ng ch\u00ed \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u1ea1nh. H\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103 \u0111 \u1ec9 \u00fa\u1eefu? Ban ng\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a b\u00e3o, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 117 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n xu\u00f4hg n\u00fai sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u00f4\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n p h \u1ea3i ng \u1ee7 \u01b0? N\u00f3 ng \u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111 \u00e2 u nh\u1ec9? Th\u1ef1c ra M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ban \u0111\u00eam v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u00f4hg tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u0103T h \u00e0 n g n g \u00e0y \u0111 \u1ec1u \u0111ang quay. Ban ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 ngo\u1ea3nh m \u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean cao; ban \u0111\u00eam n\u00f3 quay l\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2y chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ed nh\u01b0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n quay m\u00ecnh m \u1ed9t v\u00f2ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111 \u00e2u c\u1ea3. \u0110 i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m \u1ed9t l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. M\u1eb7t Tr\u00f9i \u00f4 c\u00edk \u00edi ch\u00fang ta baom ? Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t c\u00e1ch M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o k h o \u1ea3n g 150 tri\u1ec7u km. M \u00e1y bay si\u00eau \u00e2m 1 gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay 2000km. Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay t\u1edbi M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m \u1ea5t t\u1edbi 8 n \u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i. Tia s\u00e1ng tru y \u1ec1n \u0111i n h an h nh\u00e2T, Is c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tru y \u1ec1n t\u1edbi 300 ngh\u00ecn km. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1n h s\u00e1ng p h \u00e1t ra t\u1eeb M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i 8 p h \u00fa t 20 gi\u00e2y sau m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean, \u00e1nh m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111 \u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi p h \u00e1t ra 8 p h \u00fa t 20 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. 118 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Vi S(W M\u1eb7t Tr\u00f9i n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng th\u00ea? M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. C \u00e2u n\u00f3i \\\"v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi\\\" \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m \u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\\\"t. M\u1eb7c d \u00f9 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t \u0111 \u1ebfn M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng 150 tri\u1ec7u km, nh\u01b0ng M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa m \u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th \u00e2y m \u00e0 p h \u00e1 t s\u1ee2. N gay c\u1ea3 trong ng \u00e0y r\u00e2\\\"t r\u00e9t, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1ea5m \u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i ch \u00fa t khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1ebfn 5500\u00b0c. N hi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb lm2 b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u00e2't c\u1ee7a m \u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m p h \u00e1 t \u0111 i\u1ec7n 63.000 kw. M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng p h \u00e1 t s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i chang lo\u00e1 m \u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i c\u1ee7a tr\u0103n g r\u1eb1m kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c n ghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 119 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng. M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 n h \u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m . V\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng 5 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra v\u1eabn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129: quang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 do \u0111 \u00e2 u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m , Helm holtz, r\u1ee7\u00ec\u00e0 v \u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, l\u1ea7n \u0111 \u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00eau ra suy ngh\u0129 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u00f4 n g \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111 \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra, v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra: ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 do v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi co v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m sinh ra. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m . Tuy r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quang c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau th\u00eam m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafn th u y \u1ebft m inh n g u \u1ed3 n g\u00f4\\\"c c\u1ee7a n \u0103n g l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v \u1ea5 n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i n \u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch uy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th \u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX sang th \u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. M \u00e3i \u0111 \u1ebf n n \u0103 m 1938 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v \u1ead t l\u00fd M\u1ef9 n\u00eau ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh (M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh). 120 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","r\u00f4\\\"t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ee9c m \u00e0n b\u00ed m \u1eadt v\u1ec1 n gu\u1ed3n n\u0103n g l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e9n l\u00ean. H o\u00e1 ra, n g u \u1ed3 n n \u0103n g l\u01b0 \u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf ngay trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tru n g t\u00e2m M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00ean t\u1edbi 15 tri\u1ec7 u \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1 p l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n h \u01b0 v \u1ead y , k \u1ebft c\u00e2'u n g u y \u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v \u1ead t ch \u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h \u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hy\u0111r\u00f4 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n \u0103n g t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p th\u00e0nh h \u1ea1t n h \u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed heli th \u00f4 n g qua m \u1ed9 t \u2019s\u00f4\\\" p h \u1ea3 n \u1ee9 n g h \u1ea1 t n h \u00e2n . C\u1ee9 4 h \u1ea1 t n h \u00e2n n g u y \u00ean t\u1eed hy\u0111r\u00f4 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n \u0103n g t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p th\u00e0nh h \u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed heli, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch. Q u\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5 bom khinh kh\u00ed c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p n\u00e0y. So v\u1edbi n \u0103 n g l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i p h \u00f3 n g c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. M \u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hy\u0111r\u00f4 tr\u00ean M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v \u1ead t l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi m \u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng tinh nh\u01b0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, d\u00f9ng hy\u0111r\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eeba s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u1edbn m \u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong k h o \u1ea3n g th \u1edd i gian k h o \u1ea3n g 10 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m . Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 121 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m \u00ecnh. Trong nh \u1eef n g n \u0103m 30 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b \u1ea3n ch\u00e2\\\"t c\u1ee7a n g u \u1ed3 n n\u0103n g l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi - t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u00e2y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ngay tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a bom khinh kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. R\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m \u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee2p nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch sinh ra, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m \u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta m \u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 d\u1eebng m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n. V\u00ec scw M\u1eadt Tr\u1edbt t\u1ecfa ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecfa ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00ed hy\u0111r\u00f4 th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed helium. N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","r\u1ea5t cao \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng p h \u1ea3n \u1ee9 ng n h i\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, d \u1ed3 n n\u00e9n b\u00f4\\\"n n guy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed hy\u0111r\u00f4 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m \u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed helium . N h\u01b0 ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng u y \u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed hydro \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n h i\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, m \u1ed9t s\u00f4\\\" c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d \u00f9 n g \u0111 \u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1n h s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Vi sao \u1ec9\u1ea1 \u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea9m ? L\u1edbp \u0111\u00e2\\\"t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\\\"t th\u00ec t\u01b0ctng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m , c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1 to, n\u00ean khi tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2\\\"t c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc tuy\u1ebft tan,... \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m qua c\u00e1c khe, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 xu\u00f4ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi (trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2T c\u00e1t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 th\u00e2\\\"m n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2T). N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p m \u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2\\\"m n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p m \u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea7ng g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T hay v \u00f9 n g tr\u0169 n g \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e2T, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd d\u1eeb ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Vi sao m \u0111yt\u01b0 ion gb\u1ecb rc\u1ec9xu\u00f4ng\u0111\u1ea5t? H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2\\\"t b\u00f4c l\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 123 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y. M\u00e2y nh\u1eb9 bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi m \u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t v \u1eadt r\u00e2 t l\u1edbn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. V\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n \u00f3 n g v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2\\\"t lu\u00f4n bay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m \u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 gi\u1eef m \u00e2y l\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean m \u00e2y c\u1ee9 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2t. C\u00e2y \u0111a v\u00e0 ch\u00fa Cu\u1ed9i tr\u1ebdn M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i S(W hh\u1ec9 Tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n m \u00e3 th \u0111y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. \u00c1 nh tr\u0103ng m \u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph \u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m \u1ed9t m \u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng). S\u1edf d\u0129 n h \u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 do M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 quay quanh m\u00ecnh n\u00f3, v\u1eeba quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 quay m \u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111 \u1ed9ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t (27,3 ng\u00e0y). B\u1edfi v\u1eady M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t m \u1eb7t v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Khi M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec m \u1ed9t n \u1eed a h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2't \u0111 \u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi do \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n (tr\u0103ng v\u1ecdng). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 x\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t c\u1ee7a 124 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h i\u1ec7n th\u00e2\\\"y \u1edf ph\u00eda (M 'o -V Tr\u0103ng 4' ^ \u1eca V v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111 \u1ebfn 30 v\u1ea1n d\u00e3y i \/ n\u00fai h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n to nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u00e3y Pel\u00e9e c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1edbi 295km nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eef ng d\u00e3y n\u00fai tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng Ikm m \u00e0 th\u00f4i. Q uan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y \u0111a v\u00e0 ch\u00fa Cu\u1ed9i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean khi t\u00e0u Apollo c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111 \u1ed5 b\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng (2107 - 1969) kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y \u0111a v\u00e0 ch\u00fa Cu\u1ed9i huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i d\u00e0y n\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trctw ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh, S0\u20ac Him v\u00ec S(Ws\u00e1ng n\u1eb1\u1ea5t? Sao Kim c\u00e1ch M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m \u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e2y d\u00e0y bao ph\u1ee7. L\u1edbp m \u00e2y c\u1ee7a sao Kim kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m \u00e2y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\\\"t. M\u00e2y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, m \u00e2y c\u1ee7a sao Kim l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cho n\u00ean sao Kim r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng. V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 125 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Trong t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, sao Kim c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th \u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ea n sao Kim v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u00ean sao Kim kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i S(Wtr\u00ean h\u1ee9n\u00e0 t\u1ec9n \u1eb1 h im g c\u00f3 s\u1ef1s\u1ebdng? Th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. N h\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111 i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"nung n\u1ea5u\\\" d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e2x' xanh. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Sao Kim l\u00e0 h \u00e0n h tinh g\u1ea7n n h \u1ea5t v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3 \u0110 \u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 hai anh em song sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb bao quanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y xo\u00e1y tr\u00f4n \u00f4c ch\u1ee9a axit sulphuric m \u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111ioxit cacbonic l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf. \u00c1p 126 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 460 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sao Ho\u1ea3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111ioxit. Tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00ean tr\u00ean 29\u00aec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi -85^C. N h\u01b0 th \u1ebf th\u00ec m \u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean h \u00e0n h tinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n g b\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t ra m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c \u0111 \u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee2p cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng n\u00e0o hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m \u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Vi S(W sao Ch\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u1ee9 m ? N \u1ebfu nh\u00ecn qua m \u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdn g k\u00ednh, sao Ch\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111 \u1ea7 u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i. \u0110 \u1ea7u l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m \u00e2y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed ch\u00e1y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"coma\\\" c\u1ee7a sao Ch\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea7u coma b\u1ec1 ngang \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 1 609 300km. Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \\\"gi\u00f3\\\" t\u1eeb M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u1ed5i bay \u0111i. \u0110u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a sao Ch\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u1ed5i lui. Khi m \u1ed9t sao Ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00ecnh ra v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. Khi sao Ch\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn xa M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ed5i m \u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 127 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Sao Ch\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00ecnh ra v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. M \u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u coma. \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" c\u1ee7a sao Ch\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m \u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b \u00f3ng tuy\u1ebft, v\u1eeba b \u1ea9n v\u1eeba v\u0129 \u0111 \u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t h \u1ed7 n h\u1ee2p c\u00e1c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m \u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1eebng Ikm. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quanh M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c sao Ch\u1ed5i quay theo m \u1ed9t qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng n h \u01b0 m \u1ed9 t \u0111 i\u1ebfu x\u00ec g\u00e0. M \u1ed9t v\u00f2ng qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o m \u1ea5t t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1eebng ba hay b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n m \u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, m \u1ed9t sao Ch\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1t M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng 128 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y sao Ch\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi sau d\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng trong nh \u00e2n th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua ch\u00e2t kh\u00ed \u1ea5y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ion h\u00f3a ch\u00fang. Gm \u0111\u00ecn ti M\u1eb7t Tr\u00f9i c\u00f3 bao n h \u1ec9\u1ea7i th\u1ea7nh vi\u00ean? Trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng bao la, c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee2p c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf, xung quanh c\u00f3 9 h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e2y quanh m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m ang t\u00ean n\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Xoay quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 9 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i): T h\u1ee7y Tinh, Kim Tinh, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T, H \u1ecfa Tinh, M\u1ed9c Tinh, Th\u1ed5 Tinh, Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tinh, H\u1ea3i V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tinh v\u00e0 Minh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tinh. 9 h\u00e0nh tinh x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 179 n\u0103m , 9 \u0111 \u1ea1 i h \u00e0 n h tinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m \u1ed9t h\u00e0ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 129 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u1ea1i S(W C(k ng\u1ed3i S(W l\u1ea1 i c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1n g nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y? N \u1ebfu n h \u01b0 b\u1ea1n ch\u0103m ch\u00fa d\u00e1n m \u1eaft v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao lu\u00f4n nh \u1ea5p nh\u00e1y n h \u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1y m \u1eaft nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi. T\u00e2\\\"t nhi\u00ean, ngh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eefi\u00e1y m\u1eaft, ch\u00fang \u0111 \u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba to v\u1eeba n\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xuy\u00ean qua b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m \u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N h\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m \u1eaft ta n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sao kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1eafc l\u01b0 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng n h\u01b0 l\u00e0 con m \u1eaft lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y v\u1eady. \\\\i sao M \u1eb7t Tr\u1ee7\u1ec9 to h m Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t n h \u1ec9\u1eb3i m\u1ee7 v\u0103n b \u1ecb m \u00e3y chehhu\u1ea5t? B\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng n \u1ebfu \u0111 \u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m \u1eaft, c\u00f3 th \u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b \u1ea7 u tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb che l\u00e2'p. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn m \u1ed9t v \u1eadt lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y \u1edf g\u1ea7n th\u00ec to, \u1edf xa c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi tuy v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng 130 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u1edd c\u00e1ch ta r\u1ea5t xa. C h\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a tr\u00f2n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tuy nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n ta h\u01a1n M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u, khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i th\u00e2\\\"y l\u1edbn. N h \u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111 \u00e1 m m \u00e2y \u1edf g \u1ea7n ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che khu\u1ea5^t M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf xa m\u00e0 ta nh\u00ecn th \u1ea5y r\u00e2\\\"t nh\u1ecf. V\/ sao c\u00e1o ngoi sao \u1ec9\u1ea1 \u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng k\u1eb1\u00e1o nhm ? C\u00f3 2 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba p h \u1ea3i xem n\u0103n g l\u1ef1c p h \u00e1t quang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang m \u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i xem ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta bao xa. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t quang m \u1ea1nh n h \u1ea5 t g \u1ea5p 10 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103n g l\u1ef1c ph \u00e1t quang y\u1ebfu nh\u00e2t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t quang m \u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 131 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n \u00e0o nh\u01b0ng n \u1ebfu \u1edf qu\u00e1 xa so \\\\'\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T c\u1ee7a ch \u00fa n g :a th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1n g n h \u1eef n g v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c p h \u00e1t quang k\u00e9m n\u00f3 m \u1ea5y v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng tinh mang t\u00ean \\\"T\u00e2m T\u00fa Nh\u1ecb\\\", th\u1ec3 t\u00edch g\u1ea5p 220 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t quang g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 5 v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng ta 410 n\u0103m \u00e1\u0129\u00ech s\u00e1ng. V\u00ec c\u1ef1 ly l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn n\u00ean khi ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao r\u00ech\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \\\"T\u00e2m T\u00fa Nh\u1ecb\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb n\u00f3 thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y. \\\\\u00ec sao v \u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c ng\u1ed3i sao l\u1ea1 \u1ec9 th ay \u00fa \u1ea7 ? S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xoay quanh M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th \u00e0n h . M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111 \u1ec1 u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ee9 24 gi\u1edd Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng 1 v\u00f2ng quanh tr\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y. Khi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch u y \u1ec3n \u0111 \u1ed9 n g c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m n h \u1ead n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111an g chuy\u1ec3n \u0111 \u1ed9 n g t\u1eeb \u0110 \u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00f4i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao. C \u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111 \u1ed9 n g xung quanh M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o xoay quanh 132 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m \u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\\\"t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f4ng nhau, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Khi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xoay tr\u00f2 n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\\\"t q uanh M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0 l\u00e0m m \u1ed9t s\u1ebd d \u1eab n \u0111 \u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao xu\u00e2d hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm hctn 4 p h \u00fa t sau m \u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v \u1eabn quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec S(W g\u1ecdi t\u0103ng Hh\u00ed guy\u00ean t\u1ee7 t\u1ecfp \u00e1c a \u1ec9a T\u0129\u00e1\u1ec9 \u0110\u0103t? \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00e1 d \u00e0 y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n g kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u0111 \u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u00ecnh p h o n g b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho T r\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T. V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1eady? M \u1ed9t sinh m \u1ec7nh m u\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch nghi. N \u1ebfu qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m \u00e1y \u0111 i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 n h i\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5 t t\u00f4\\\"t. V\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 p h \u1ea3 n x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c thu h \u00fa t m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00fap cho b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m \u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u0103n b\u00f4ng d\u00e0y, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 133 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","REGIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE UV\/v\u00fa\u00ecN\u00ed ni\u1ee7itV t ICSOSPHERE ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m u\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap cho Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 nhanh. N h\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u1edf trong m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t \\\"chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n\\\" c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao xa ch\u01b0a r\u01a1i n\u1ed5i t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2't \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y khi ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao b\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y h\u1ebft r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t r\u1ee9\u00eci\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u00e2\\\"t nh\u1ecf. N \u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \\\"l\u1edbp \u00e1o\\\" c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. 134 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec S0\u20ac c\u00e0ng l\u00ean C0\u20ac th\u00ec hh\u1eefng hh\u00ed c\u1ee9ng lo\u0103ng? Tuy kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u00e2t, do c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1ee2p th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c h \u00fa t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ,c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn ra, c\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch xa m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u00e0ng b\u00e9 \u0111i, cho n\u00ean m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c m \u1ecfng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eady. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng lo\u00e3ng. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, n\u1ebfu lcm3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf m \u1eb7t \u0111 \u1ea5 t c\u00f3 25,5 t\u1ec9 t\u1ec9 ph \u00e2n t\u1eed, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1ch m \u1eb7t \u0111 \u1ea5 t 5km, lcm^ kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 tri\u1ec7u 530 ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9 p h \u00e2n t\u1eed; \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 50km, lcm ^ kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 240 n g \u00e0n t\u1ec9 p h \u00e2n t\u1eed; \u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 cao lOOkm, lcm3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 18 ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9 p h \u00e2 n t\u1eed; \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l.OOOkm, lcm ^ kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10 v\u1ea1n p h \u00e2 n t\u1eed m \u00e0 th\u00f4i, so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2\\\"t, m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1n g 1 p h \u1ea7n c\u1ee7a 260 ng \u00e0n t\u1ec9. Tr\u00ean m \u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao 8012m, m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1n g 38% m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m \u1eb7t \u0111 \u1ea5t, m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, h \u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xy c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0otng \u1ee9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v \u1eadn \u0111 \u1ed9 n g vi\u00ean leo n\u00fai ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u00e2't t\u00f4\\\"t v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 135 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Nu\u1ee7ch\u00f4 v\u00ec scw l\u1ea1 i \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e1 cm u i\u1ec9i\u00e8, \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e1o m\u00f9a thu? Th\u00ec ra m\u1ed7i khi m \u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec m \u00f9a m\u01b0a c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn theo, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a l\u1edbn d\u1ed9i qu\u00e9t qua m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2\\\"t, cu\u1ed1n \u0111 \u1ea5 t c\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi xu\u00f4ng m \u00e9p h\u1ed3, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n. Khi \u00e2y, m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 rong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba d\u1ecbp sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 ng\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111i. V\u00e0o m \u00f9a thu, m \u00f9a m\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u1ed3i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m \u00f9a h\u00e8. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1ed9i qu\u00e9t m \u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt xu\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 n\u1eefa. N\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd d \u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafng xu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m \u00f9a thu m \u00e1t m\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cao, vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 rong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong xanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Vi sa cm n g qm n\u1eb1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m \u00e3 n\u01b0\u00f4c n\u00f3ng? Khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, m i\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra ch\u00e2l kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Th\u00e0nh p h \u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 sunfua hy\u0111r\u00f4, \u0111i\u00f4xit sun\u00edua v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00f4xit cacbon. 136 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","C\u00f3 khi nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y phu n ra khcM m i\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tr\u00e0o ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecfng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i d\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00f3 kh\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. Lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 su\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m \u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00e2l kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m . Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 theo v\u00f9ng. N \u1ebfu ch\u00e2l kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2l s\u1eaft tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh su\u1ed1i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u00f4i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eafm s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d \u1ee5 n g ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ngo\u00e0i da. Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng su\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20\u00b0c. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec S0\u20ac nham th\u1ea1ih n\u00f3ng ch\u00e2y trong Umg Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m \u00e0 hhm g t\u00e0m cho v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t tan ch\u1ea7y? Trong nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nham th\u1ea1ch \u1edf xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m \u1eb7t \u1ea3\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phun ra \u1edf m i\u1ec7ng n\u00fa i l\u1eeda. Lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch n \u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \\\"nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb c\u1eaft\\\". N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t trong nham th\u1ea1ch l\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u00e2\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.200\u00b0c. N hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2d ch\u1ec9 cao m \u1ed9t \u00edt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1eef nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 . khu\u00f4n r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac v\u1eady. N \u1ebfu \u0111em ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng r\u00f3t v\u00e0o trong khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1t (c\u00e1t silic ch\u1ee9a th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh), tuy n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1t \u1edf xung quanh b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d \u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111 \u1ec3 s\u1eadp. Nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e1ch d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2t; n h i\u1ec1u nh\u00e2T c\u0169 n g ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3 n h h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi n h am th\u1ea1ch \u1edf xung quanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u00f2a v\u00e0o trong d\u00f2ng 138 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 \\\"nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb c\u1eaft\\\". Ngay c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u0169ng gi\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y n\u1ee9t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 \u00e0o \u1ea1t tu\u00f4n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Cho n\u00ean nham th\u1ea1ch n \u00f3 n g ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T tan ch\u1ea3y ra. V\/ scw l\u1ea1 i xu \u0103tti\u1ec9\u1ec7n \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh trong sa m\u1ee5c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong sa m\u1ea1c, l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n m \u1eb7t c\u00e1t r\u1eaf\u00ec n\u00f3ng, m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf; l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00f3ng l\u00ean ch\u1eadm, m \u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. R\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf n\u01a1i xa, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d \u1ee5 n g kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 v^\u00e0 p h \u1ea3 n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua m \u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u00e2y, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea3o th\u1ecb. C\u00f3 khi tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng xu\u00e2T h i\u1ec7n \u1ea3o th\u1ecb. C h\u00fang \u0111 \u1ec1u c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh \u01b0 nhau. V\u00ec S(W t\u1ea1 i c\u00f3 iiM (U\u00ed trong hang d\u00f9ng? D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e2T c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m \u1ed9 t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00f4i. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u0111 \u1ea5t ng\u1ea5m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 139 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng d \u00e2 t s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y qua l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, h\u00f2a tan nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m \u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y ch\u00e2t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc. Sau h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, m \u0103ng \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. 140 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ed sao c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t m m w v\u00e0 h \u1ea1t mua tUi\u00f2? H \u1ea1t m\u01b0a to hay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1ecfng, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a s\u1ebd r\u00e2t nh\u1ecf, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u01b0a c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01b0a b\u00f3ng m \u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng m \u00e2y d\u00e0y, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h \u1ea1 t mu'a c\u00f3 n h i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u1ee2p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc to h\u01a1n. Vi S(Wl\u1ea1t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t)i\u1ebdn \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 hh\u0111 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea3y? Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"\u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea3y\\\" th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t xu\u00e2d ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n do n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Trong nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed than oxit cacbon. Khi nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2t, do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m; ph\u1ea7n V\u0168 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 141 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u00ed trong m\u1ed7i vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang thi nhau b\u1eadt l\u00ean, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea3y m \u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. V\u00ec sao trong ti\u1ec7 M \u1eb7t Tr\u00f9i ch\u1ec9 (Utg nh\u0111t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u00ean t\u1ea1 \u1ec9 s\u1ef1 s\u00f5ng? S\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf m \u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t 142 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee2p cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao p h \u1ee7 b\u1edfi n h \u1eef n g \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bao la v\u00e0 b \u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a \u00f4xy t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1i th\u00ec g\u1ea7n M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi qu\u00e1, c\u00e1i th\u00ec xa M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi qu\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong H\u1ec7 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u00f4ng. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean sa mac t\u1ea1 i c\u00f3 \u1ebec \u0111do? M u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u1ed1c \u0111 \u1ea3o th\u00ec nh\u00e2T \u0111 \u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? Th\u00ec ra c\u00e1c \u00f4c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111a ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 143 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u00fai, tr\u00ean \u0111 \u1ec9n h n h \u1eef n g ng\u1ecdn n\u00fa i q u an h n \u0103 m l\u00e0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft, v \u1ec1 m \u00f9a h\u00e8, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00ean m \u1ed9t ch\u00fat s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn m \u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tuy\u1ebft tan ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y theo c\u00e1c khe \u0111\u00e1 xu\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n n\u00fai, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y xu\u00f4ng sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ng\u1ea5m qua c\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m . M \u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m n \u00e0y ch\u1ea3y \u0111 \u1ebf n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2^t th\u00e2p th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra. Khi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc phong p h \u00fa th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v \u1eadt s\u1ebd b \u1eaft \u0111 \u1ea7u sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 p h \u00e1 t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00e2u d\u1ea7n c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v \u1eadt sinh s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4c \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c l\u1ea1 i c\u1ed1 nhi\u00eau m\u00e0u s\u0103c? Sa m \u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t m \u00e0u v\u00e0n g ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc m \u00e0u phong ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady v\u00ec sao sa m \u1ea1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111 \u1ee7 c\u00e1c m \u00e0u s\u1eafc n h \u01b0 b\u00e2't c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau; C\u00e1t tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 v \u1eadt ch\u00e2T trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5 t n h i\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i kho\u00e1ng ch\u00e2\\\"t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t m \u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1t tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m \u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. N \u1ebfu h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft th\u00ec khi b\u1ecb \u00f4xy h\u00f3a s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u00f3 m \u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. N \u1ebfu c\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u1ea1ch cao th\u00ec sau khi th\u1ea1ch cao phong h\u00f3a s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m \u00e0u tr\u1eafng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1t l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m phong h\u00f3a t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111en th\u00ec h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m \u00e0u \u0111en. 144 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\\\\\u00ec sao n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n i\u1ea1 \u1ec9 Hh\u1ee1ng d \u00ea \u0111\u1ee7ng b\u0103ng? v \u1ec1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, trong l\u00fac r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u2018^C. M\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan trong \u0111\u00f3. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng h\u01a1n. V\u1ec9 sao tr\u1ebdn bi\u1ec3n h tm g c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u1ee7 v\u0103n c\u00f3 s\u00f9ng? Tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec sau khi gi\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra s\u00f3ng \u1edf m \u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u1eadp d\u1ec1nh l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u1ea1i m \u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 lan ra xung quanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng. Do b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 145 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u1ee7a nh\u1eef ng con s\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 T\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa ra tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean khi gi\u00f3 ng\u1eebng th\u1ed5i th\u00ec s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngay m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m \u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Vi sao n\u01b0\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1 i m \u1eb7n? L\u00fac m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h \u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m u\u00f4i r\u00e2T cao. N go\u00e0i ra, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T g \u1ea7n n h \u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 n\u00fa i l\u1eeda p h u n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m \u01b0a c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m u\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111 \u1ea5t v\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. 146 0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Q u\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n \u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h \u00e0n g t\u1ec9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m u\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m \u1eb7n. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i do \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng m u\u1ed1i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf bi\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y th\u00eam m u\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m \u1ea5t \u0111i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u00fac n\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng m\u1eb7n. Y isa c sm h h \u1ec9m m th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u0103t hi\u1ec7n c\u0103u v\u00f9ng? Sau m \u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a to, trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf li ti bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. N h\u1eefng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 147 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ct\u00eci l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \\\"ph\u00e2n chia\\\" th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y m\u00e0u; \u0111\u1ecf, cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, tr\u00e0m, t\u00edm; sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m \u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3y s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1cti t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m c \u00e1 i v\u00e2ng? D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc trong su\u1ed1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Icn m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng. \u0110em \u0111\u1ec3 hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 sao cho ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m \u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00f2n t\u1edd gi\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m \u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3y m \u00e0u s\u1eafc ngay t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi sacM ii m\u1ee7 n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun im t\u1ee5 i c\u00f3 th \u1ec3 l\u00fam ch\u1ebdt ng\u01b0\u1ed3\u1ec9? Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun tr\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady v\u00ec sao th\u1ee9 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c xianogen. %148 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u00e2\\\"p b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ng\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Vi sao \u1eef \u00e1 \u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u0103 m tth \u00ed Cfmj\u1ec3n? D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c h \u00fa t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, m \u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 n h\u1ee2p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i. B\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T t\u1edbi 6400km, b \u00ean tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n \u00e0y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 149 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","V\u00ec scw U\u1ecb\u1ec9 c\u00f3ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam? M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, n\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng p h \u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, do Tr\u00e1i \u0110 \u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f2n n\u1eeda kia th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ban ng\u00e0y, n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00ean r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam. Vi sao ph \u1ec9 c\u1eddng v\u0103 tr\u1ee5 h\u00e0i \u0111 i tr\u00ean M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng t\u1ea1 i ph d\u1ec9 nh\u1ea9y t\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc? 150 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Do s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00f4\u00ec v\u1edbi con nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean khi phi c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 l\u01b0\u1edbt. N \u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111i gi\u1ed1ng n h \u01b0 \u1edf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2T th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, v \u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng khi hai ch\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd v\u1eefng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eebng ch\u00e2n nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111i tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kangaroo. Gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebdn g\u1ecdi Hh\u00e1c nhau n\u1edf\u20ac? Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \\\"H\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 gi\u00f3\\\" ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm l\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \\\"h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 b\u1eafc\\\". Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m ang t\u00ean ri\u00eang nh\u01b0: Gi\u00f3 heo may, gi\u00f3 m \u00f9a, gi\u00f3 m \u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, gi\u00f3 n\u1ed3m nam, gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o,... \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m \u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, gi\u00f3 m \u00f9a th\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam v\u1eeba kh\u00f4 v\u1eeba n\u00f3ng, v\u1ec1 m \u00f9a h\u00e8 gi\u00f3 m \u00f9a th\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc g\u00e2y ra m \u01b0a l\u1edbn. \u1edb m i\u1ec1n N am n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m \u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4 v\u1eeba l\u1ea1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 M istral, ai c\u0169ng s\u1ee2 n\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u00f3 n \u00e0y th\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n lo l\u1eafng. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed 151 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","H\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00fanh nh\u01b0 th \u1ebf n\u1ee9c? H\u1ed3 l\u00e0 v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u1edf trong \u0111 \u1ea5 t li\u1ec1n, chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m \u1eb7t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba. D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3. N gu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m \u01b0a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft tan, ch\u00fang \u0111i qua s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i, m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2't xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7ng cong v\u00eanh. H\u1ed3 Superior \u1edf b\u1eafc ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5. 152 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn"]