Project2_201804139_Summer21

Animals This image form pixabay website Summer 2021 1 Project2_201804139.indd 1 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Mammals Mammals include humans and This image form pixabay website all other animals that are warm- blooded vertebrates (vertebrates Common name: African elephants have backbones) with hair. They feed their young with milk and have Scientific name: Loxodonta a more well-developed brain than other types of animals. Type: Mammals 2 Diet: Herbivore Group name: Herd Average life span Up to 70 years in the wild: Size: Height at the shoulder 8.2 to 13 feet Weight: 2.5 to seven tons Project2_201804139.indd 2-3

African elephant squirt a trunkful of cool water over their bodies. Then they often follow that with An adult african elephant›s trunk is about a sprinkling of dust to create a protective seven feet (two meters) long! It›s actually layer of dirt on their skin. Elephants pick an elongated nose and upper lip. Like up and spray dust the same way they do most noses, trunks are for smelling. water—with their trunks. When an elephant drinks, it sucks as Elephants also use their trunks as much as 2 gallons (7.5 liters) of water snorkels when they wade in deep water. into its trunk at a time. Then it curls its An elephant›s trunk is controlled by many trunk under, sticks the tip of its trunk into muscles. Two fingerlike parts on the tip of its mouth, and blows. Out comes the the trunk allow the elephant to perform water, right down the elephant›s throat. delicate maneuvers such as picking a berry from the ground or plucking a Since african elephants live where the single leaf off a tree. sun is usually blazing hot, they use their trunks to help them keep cool. First they Elephants can also use its trunk to grasp an entire tree branch and pull it down to its mouth and to yank up clumps of grasses and shove the greenery into their mouths When an elephant gets a whiff of something interesting, it sniffs the air with its trunk raised up like a submarine periscope. If threatened, an elephant will also use its trunk to make loud trumpeting noises as a warning. Elephants are social creatures. They sometimes hug by wrapping their trunks together in displays of greeting and affection. Elephants also use their trunks to help lift or nudge an elephant calf over an obstacle, to rescue a fellow elephant stuck in mud, or to gently raise a newborn elephant to its feet. And just as a human baby sucks its thumb, an elephant calf often sucks its trunk for comfort. One elephant can eat 300 pounds (136 kilograms) of food in one day. People hunt elephants mainly for their ivory tusks. Adult females and young travel in herds, while adult males generally travel alone or in groups of their own. 3 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Beluga whale The beluga, or white whale, is one of the variety of other sounds. smallest species of whale. Their distinctive These whales are common in the arctic color and prominent foreheads make ocean›s coastal waters, though they are them easily identifiable. found in subarctic waters as well. Arctic belugas migrate southward in large herds Unlike most other whales, the beluga has when the sea freezes over. Belugas feed a very flexible neck that enables it to nod on fish, crustaceans, and worms. The and turn its head in all directions. whale is related to the tusked «unicorn» whale known as the narwhal. Belugas generally live together in small groups known as pods. They are social The beluga is not related to the sturgeon animals and vocal communicators using of the same name, which has been a diversified language of clicks, whistles, heavily fished for its famous caviar. and clangs. Belugas can also copy a 4 Project2_201804139.indd 4-5

This image form pixabay website Common name: Beluga whale Scientific name: Delphinapterus leucas Type: Mammals Diet: Carnivore Group name: Pod Average life span 35 to 50 years in the wild: Size: 13 to 20 feet Weight: 1 to 1.5 tons 5 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Fish are vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) that live in water. They breathe using special organs called gills. Fish This image form pixabay website The beauty of nature proclaims the magnificence of its creator - Ruth 6 Project2_201804139.indd 6-7

Clown anemonefish This -4inch- long (-10 centimeter-long) fish shares an amazing partnership with another sea creature: the anemone (pronounced: uh-nem-uh-nee). The partnership benefits both participants, and the close relationship led to the fish being named an anemonefish. Anemones have tentacles that sting, but the clownfish isn›t bothered by them. In fact, it lives among the tentacles. Living among the tentacles of the anemone, the clown anemonefish gains protection from predators—which don›t dare get near the stinging protector. The anemonefish also gets to eat leftovers from the anemone›s meals. The anemone benefits from having the fish around, too. The useful fish nibbles away parasites that bug the anemone. And sometimes the anemonefish brings food into the tentacles which the anemone can also eat. Generally several anemonefish make one host anemone their home. Common name: Clownfish Scientific name: Amphiprioninae Type: Fish Diet: Carnivore Group name: School Average life span 6 to 10 years in the wild: Size: 4.3 inches 7 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Common name: Seahorses Scientific name: Hippocampus Type: Fish Diet: Carnivore Group name: Herd Average life span 1 to 5 years in the wild: Size: 0.6 to 14 inches 8 Project2_201804139.indd 8-9

Seahorse Seahorses are tiny fishes that are named for the shape of their head, which looks like the head of a tiny horse. There are at least 25 species of seahorses. You’ll find seahorses in the world’s tropical and temperate coastal waters, swimming upright among seaweed and other plants. Seahorses use their dorsal fins (back fins) to propel slowly forward. To move up and down, seahorses adjust the volume of air in their swim bladders, which is an air pocket inside their bodies. Tiny, spiny plates cover seahorses› bodies all the way down to their curled, flexible tails. The tail can grasp objects, helpful when seahorses want to anchor themselves to vegetation. A female seahorse lays dozens, sometimes hundreds, of eggs in a pouch on the male seahorse’s abdomen. Called a brood pouch, it resembles a kangaroo’s pouch for carrying young. Seahorse young hatch after up to 45 days in the brood pouch. The baby seahorses, each about the size of a jelly bean, find other baby seahorses and float together in small groups, clinging to each other using their tails. Unlike kangaroos, baby seahorses do not return to the pouch. They must find food and hide from predators as soon as they’re born. This image form pixabay website 9 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Common name: Adélie penguin Scientific name: Pygoscelis adeliae Type: Birds Diet: Carnivore Group name: Colony Average life span 11 to 20 years in the wild: Size: 27.5 inches Weight: 8.5 to 12 pounds Birds This image form unsplash website 10 Project2_201804139.indd 10-11

Adélie penguin plunge into the sea, and start hunting for food on their own. Adélie penguins breed and raise their Like other penguin species, adélies are young on the continent of antarctica. excellent swimmers. They›re powerful In september and october—springtime and graceful in the water, with torpedo- in that part of the world—thousands of shaped bodies that pierce through the adélies gather on the rocky antarctic water. Their modified wings help propel shoreline. The huge gatherings are them through water instead of air. These called colonies. birds are swimmers, not fliers. Adélie penguins build nests by scooping Birds are out areas in the ground. The female warm-blooded usually lays two eggs in the nest. Adélie vertebrates penguin eggs hatch in december. (vertebrates have backbones) In the antarctic winter, the adélie and are the penguins live at sea. Both parents care only animals for the eggs. While one stays with feathers. behind keeping the eggs warm Although all and safe from predators, the other birds have parent heads out to sea to eat. They wings, a few feast mainly on krill, tiny shrimplike species can›t fly. animals, but also eat fish and squid. This image form Parents take turns caring for their unsplash website youngsters after they hatch until the chicks are about three weeks old. At that point, both parents may leave to forage for food while the chicks gather in the safety of a large group of other young penguins. These groups of young adélies are called crèches. By march, when adélie chicks are about nine weeks old, their downy baby feathers have been replaced by waterproof adult feathers. They 11 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Bald eagle A bald eagle›s white head may make it look bald. But actually the name comes from an old english word, «balde,» meaning white. These graceful birds have been the national symbol of the united states since 1782. Babies, called eaglets, are born light gray then turn brown. When they are four to five years old, they develop their normal white heads and tails. In the wild, they can live to be 35 years old or more. Bald eagles can soar over 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) high, and their great eyesight lets them see fish up to a mile (1.6 kilometers) away. When they attack, they drop down at up to 100 miles (161 kilometers) an hour! Then they glide just above the water, snag a fish with their feet, and fly off to eat it. Bald eagles were on the brink of extinction because of hunting and pollution. But laws created almost 40 years ago have helped protect them, and they›ve made a comeback. Female bald eagles are a bit bigger than males. Their bodies can be three feet (one meter) long, and their wingspan can be eight feet (2.4 meters) across. That›s about the distance from the floor to the ceiling! Eagle nests are called aeries (air-ees). Bald eagles build their nests at the very top of tall trees so the eggs will be safe. Some parents come back year after year to the same nest, adding more sticks, twigs, and grass each time. This image form National Geographic website 12 Project2_201804139.indd 12-13

Common name: Bald eagle Scientific name: Haliaeetus leucocephalus Type: Birds Diet: Carnivore Average life span Up to 28 years in the wild: Size: Body:34 to 43 inches; wingspan: 6 to 8 feet Weight: 6.5 to 14 pounds This image form unsplash website 13 26/06/2021 6:57 PM

Khadeija Hussain AlHosani 201804139 26/06/2021 6:57 PM 14 Project2_201804139.indd 14