NCRIS Abstract Book

industrial effluents containing heavy metals. It has become mandatory to treat and bringheavy metal concentration to a safer level before releasing in to outside industrial premises.Conventional physicochemical techniques of heavy metal removal are very expensive andmay not be very effective in many cases. This has led to exploration of bio-remediationprocesses where selected potent microorganisms may play an important role in treating heavymetal pollution by deploying various mechanisms like bio-sorption, bio-accumulation,degradation and detoxification. The use of microbes is preferred over physicochemicalmethods for heavy metal removal as the former is cost effective, efficient, renewable andenvironmental friendly. The action of single microbe may be inefficient to treat the complexpollutants. The combination of appropriate microbes would provide a single step solution tosolve these issues. The consortia of bacteria (Cyanobacteria, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus )and algae (Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Cladophora, Spirulina) are evaluated as a potential toolfor heavy metal bioremediation. The combined effects, tolerance levels, mechanisms and alsothe protocooperation between bacteria and algae may help in faster and efficient treatment ofheavy metal pollution.Keywords: Heavy metals, Bioremediation, Protocooperation, Consortium, Bacteria andAlgae LSP046-Bioremediation by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Jalak H. Limbasiya Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] contamination of soil and water with heavy metal pollutants is escalating day by day dueto excessive industrialization, waste disposal, agricultural applications and variousanthropogenic actions. Accrual of heavy metals, as non-biodegradable agents, pose seriousenvironmental concerns for all life forms affecting mostly plants and therefore present a riskto the health of humans due to food chain contamination. To avoid heavy metal problems,bioremediation via plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is getting moreconsideration due to eco-friendly nature, less expense and proven efficiency in comparison tophysical or chemical remediation methods. Improving growth of plants and conquering themetal toxicity can be enhanced by the association of PGPR. These microbes colonize the rootor inhabit near root surfaces and involve in mechanisms for plant prevention from toxicity 101

through secretion and production of several regulatory compounds such as phytohormones,siderophores, metal binding proteins etc. The review accentuates the role of PGPR inaccelerating phytoremediation for the elimination of toxic metals and growth augmentation ofplants. LSP047-Metabolomics of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by using GCMS Boda Margi, Bhavika Turakhia and Sejal Shah Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] application of metabolomics towards cancer research has led to a renewed appreciationof metabolism in cancer development and progression. It has also led to the discovery ofmetabolite cancer biomarkers and the identification of some cancer-causing metabolites.Worldwide “Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)” is the eighth most common cancers andsixth most common type in the Indian subcontinent. Gujarat is considered to be the high-riskregion for oral cancer. The significant risk factors for developing oral cancer are tobacco andalcohol addiction. Studies were identified by searching PubMed databases for all literaturepublished from 2008 to 2017. The specimen was collected from lips, gingiva, tongue, buccalmucosa, mouth floor, and saliva gland. Meta-analysis of OSCC performed by using gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) based assays. The Volatile organic compoundthat could be used as non-invasive diagnosis biomarkers. Meta-analysis revealed thatdifferent compound such as undecane, dodecane, decanal, benzaldehyde, 3,7-dimethylundecane, 1-octene and hexadecane had relevance as possible biomarkers for OSCC. The riskof developing OSCC found three times higher in tobacco user compared with non-tobaccousers. Annual incidence is higher around the world, which is over 300,000 diagnosed cases,and the annual mortality is about 145,000 deaths due to oral cancer. The information derivedfrom these metabolomic studies concluded that aldehydes are the predominant volatilecompound in development of OSCC. The future outcome in this area should be aimed toimprove further experimental studies to elucidate its role in tobacco addicted patients. 102

LSP048-Micro-propagation of Rare Plant SpeciesNandan Trivedi, Abrar Dhankot, Akhil Bhanvadia, Pooja V. Chavda, and Dharmesh H. SurBiotechnology Engineering Department, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is a technique of rapidly multiplying stock plant materials to large numberof progeny plants. Some plant species available in the nature contains few traits of medicinalvalue. From those species, Withania somnifera is found to be rarely available, havingmedicinal value and also well in vitro regeneration. Most of the plant species especially likeWithania somnifera; are having medicinal values and cultivated on land even after their goodpotential for in vitro multiplicity. Ashwagandha (i.e. Withania somnifera) is considered to bethe core plant in this review. Explants like auxilary bud were directly regenerated andoptimization of their in vitro multiplication was carried out by the use of GR (growthregulators) like cytokinins and auxins. MS media (i.e. Murashige and Skoog media) was usedfor the in vitro regeneration of this explant; from Ashwagandha. Not only auxilary bud butalso other parts; including Stem tips, nodal part, anthers, petals, pollen and other plant tissuescan be used as an explant. This review very well describes the effect of GR on the processeslike shoot initiation, multiplication, hardening of a plant and its rooting by various researchscholars.Keywords: Micropropagation, Withania somnifera, in-vitro regeneration, GR, MS media,Auxilary bud, Nodal part, Petals, Pollen. LSP049-Identification of Agricultural Pesticides in Soils of Kuchhadi Wetland of Porbandar District of Gujarat Dhavalkumar Varagiya, Bharat Jethva and Devang Pandya School of Pharmacy, RK University, Kasturbadham, Rajkot, Gujarat Email: [email protected] are potential chemical pollutants extensively used for agriculture and vectorcontrol purposes due to low cost and high effectiveness. However, harmful effects ofpesticides on wildlife (especially birds) and wildlife habitats have been a concern for a longtime. Wetlands constitute one such habitat threatened by the pesticides. In Gujarat, highlevels of pesticides are recorded in some wetlands like Sukhbhadar and Meshwo dams and 103

Pariej and Wadhvana irrigation reservoirs. There may be several other wetlands in Gujarat,including those in wetland-rich Porbandar district that might be facing pesticide toxicityproblem, but there has been lack of comprehensive research in this direction till date. Theresearch deals with the finding of agricultural pesticides in Kuchhadi wetland of Porbandar.5763 waterbirds of 48 species were recorded at Kuchhadi Wetland of Porbandar during AsianWaterbird Census 2017. 10 samples from Kuchhadi wetland were collected based onstratified sampling. Identified strata include openly exposed soil, digging sites, canals andwaterholes. Each sample was a mixture of three to four sub-samples collected from thenearby area. Soil samples were dried. A soil sample (5g) was mixed with 50 ml solvent ofhexane in a conical flask, plugged with cotton wool and then was set aside to macerate for 1hr. The mixture was filtered and the leftover was extracted again with additional 50 ml of themethanol after complete drying of residue in the oven. The final extracts were concentrated innear dryness using a water bath. Quantitative analysis of the pesticides was done in GCMSequipped with Electron Capture Detector with appropriate column and temperature range.Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Octasiloxane (D4), Phosphine, tris(trimethylsilyl) arsorite, weredetected in the soil samples. The detected chemicals are used as Pesticide ingredient,herbicides, fungicides, or rodenticide. The research suggests a high level of pesticides in soilsof Kuchhadi wetland of Porbandar. LSP050-Detection of Amylase Activity of Starch Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil using Fruit peels as Substrate Riddhi Saresa Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] of present investigation was to isolate the amylase producing Bacteria and to detect theunit activity of amylase by using fruit peels as substrate. Microorganisms are the mostimportant producer of industrial enzymes. Amylase enzymes capable of degrading starch aremost important in biotechnology industries with large application in food, fermentation,textile and paper industries. Soil samples from farm land were used for isolation of amylaseproducing bacteria. Bacterial colonies were screened for amylase production on the starchagar plate & zone of starch utilization was detected by using iodine solution. The unit enzyme 104

activity was measured by DNS Assay method. Remarkable production of amylase wasachieved by 5% pineapple and banana fruit peels at 37C temperature.Keywords: Amylase, Fruit peels, DNS assay LSP051-Impact of Organic manure and Chemical fertilizers on the Biochemical parameters of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Muzafer Ahmad Sheikh Department of Botany, Govt Madhav Science P.G. College Ujjain (M.P.), India Email: [email protected] In order to estimate the comparative impact of organic manure (Vermicompost,Farmyard manure), chemical fertilizers (NPK, Urea) and combination of both on the proteinand carbohydrate content of Soybean during different growth stages, the experiment wasconducted by using Randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Theexperimental results revealed that at 15 days after sowing protein content of plant leaves wasrecorded maximum in 10% VC + 100 gm NPK (37.52 mg/gm) followed by 10% VC + 100gm urea (35.61 mg/gm) and minimum (19.35 mg/gm) was observed in control. At 30 daysafter sowing it was observed maximum (38.31 mg/gm) in 10% VC + 100 gm NPK andminimum (19.96 mg/gm) in control. At 60 days after sowing protein content was foundmaximum (39.74 mg/gm) in 10% VC + 100 gm NPK and minimum ((20.91 mg/gm) wasrecorded in control. Moreover carbohydrate content was maximum (25.86 mg/gm) in 10%VC + 100 gm urea and minimum (10.42 mg/gm) was observed in control at 15 days aftersowing. At 60 days after sowing it was observed highest (28.73 mg/gm) in 10% VC + 100gm NPK and lowest (20.94 mg/gm) in control. The study concluded that the combinedapplication of organic manure (vermicompost, farmyard manure) and chemical fertilizers(NPK, urea) significantly improved the protein and carbohydrate content of Soybean. Amongall the fertilizer combinations application of vermicompost along with NPK fertilizer is themost efficient combination for the enhancement of protein and carbohydrate content ofSoybean.Keywords: Vermicompost, Farmyard manure, NPK, Urea, Protein, Carbohydrate 105

PHYSICSORAL ABSTRACTS 106

PH001-Growth and Characterization of Silver Doped Ammonium Pentaborate Single Crystals Kochuparampil, A.P., Joshi, J.H., Rathod, K.R., Jethva, H.O. and Joshi, M.J. Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] Pentaborate (APB) is a nonlinear optical material. For doping of silver, 1M%AgNO3 was added in the APB solution and the pure and silver doped APB crystals weregrown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The powder XRD studyconfirmed that both pure and silver doped APB crystals possessed orthorhombic structure andthe single phase nature. The EDAX confirmed the presence of Silver (Ag) in APB crystals.From FT-IR spectroscopy the presence of various functional groups were identified. Thermo-gravimetry suggested that the thermal stability of silver doped APB is lower than the pureAPB crystals. The dielectric study carried out at room temperature from 60 Hz to 1 MHzindicated higher values of dielectric constant in the low frequency region for silver dopedAPB crystals compared to pure APB crystals. PH002-A Chemiresistive Sensor thereof for Electronic Listening with Mesoporous SnO2 as the Backbone Vanaraj Solanki, Krupanidhi, S.B. and Nanda, K.K. Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India Email: [email protected] A sensor, an electronic welder between the digital and real world, plays an importantrole for scientific and technological advancement to make daily life smoother and easy. Inrecent years, a variety of sensors based on the capacitance and resistance/conductancevariation have been well-explored. In addition, highly porous materials, with large surfacearea and accessible space, variable chemical compositions, and porosity at different lengthscales, have captivated the attention of researchers in recent years as an important family offunctional materials. Here, we have exploited an electronic listening activity of thechemiresistive sensor, fabricated with mesoporous SnO2 as the backbone material.Mesoporous SnO2 have been synthesized by the newly developed sequential elemental de-alloying technique in which a highly mobile element gets de-alloyed first under the thermal 107

treatment (annealing) and facilitates the formation of porous metal oxides (PMOs).Subsequently, a chemiresistive sensor based on porous SnO2 was fabricated for humiditysensing at room temperature. In addition, the sensor is highly durable and reproducible.Eventually, the chemiresistive sensor has been exploited for electronic listening towardspeaking, whistling, and breath monitoring. Overall, the results advocate the fabrication ofPMOs and the development of resistive humidity sensors for electronic listening as well asfor biomedical applicationsKeywords: Electronic listening, porous SnO2, Chemiresistive sensor PH003-Casting and Characterization of Aluminum based Metal Matrix Composites 1,2Jay M. Pujara, Kothari2, K.D. and 3Gohil, A.V. 1Mechanical Engineering Department, GEC, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 3Production Engineering Department, Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] expansion of manufacturing industries has now increased use of composite materials.Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are the advanced and new age materials that have foundapplications in automotive, aerospace, defense sectors, rail components etc. because of theirlight weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance, resistance to wear and tear with alower value of thermal expansion coefficient. Evolution of Aluminum Metal MatrixComposites (AMCs) from previous ones with improved properties that are what required indefense and aerospace applications. Nowadays, with material science study, Aluminum withSilicon Carbide (SiC) as reinforcement is used instead of Aluminum oxide reinforcementused in previous processes due to their higher resistance to creep, wear, and tear. The presentresearch work deals with the manufacturing of Aluminum MMC by stir casting methodwhere Al is the matrix or the base metal and 5 % (weight) silicon carbide (SiC) in powderform as the reinforcement material. Tensile tests have been conducted on the preparedmaterial and it was observed that there is an improvement in UTS. Microstructure analysis is 108

also carried out to check the uniform distribution or uniformity of the SiC particles in themetal matrix system.Keywords: Al/SiCp, Stir Casting, Microstructure, Tensile TestPH004-Thermogravimetric and Biological study of Cadmium and Mercury Complexes of Sulfadiazine 1Sanjay M. Tailor and 2Urmila H. Patel 1Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bakrol - 388 315, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vidyanagar - 388 120, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] (I) and mercury (II) complexes of 4-Amino-N-(2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide(sdz) have been synthesized and characterized by UV spectroscopy. Electrical conductivitymeasurement indicate that no anion is present outside the coordination sphere in both thecomplexes (I) and (II). The results of UV spectral data and thermal analysis for both thecomplexes (I) and (II) suggest that the binding of cadmium and mercury atom to thesulfonamidic nitrogen are in good agreement. Along with this, the antimicrobial activities ofcadmium (I) and mercury (II) complexes of sulfadiazine are studied by the dilution methodagainst Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Both the complexes (I) and (II)exhibit higher antibacterial activity than free sulfadiazine ligand against gram negativebacteria.Keywords: Cd and Hg complexes; Sulfadiazine; Thermogravimetric analysis; Spectroscopicanalysis; Antimicrobial activity PH005-Study of Structural and Electrical Properties of Zr Doped Barium Titanate Synthesized by Double Sintering Method Urmi Dave and Shrushti Korat School of Science, RK University, Rajkot-360020, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] doped Barium Titanate ferroelectric bulk-material BaZrxTi1-xO3, ferrites with (x = 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) has been synthesized by double sintering ceramic technique at 1000°C 109

for 24 hrs and investigated for their Structural and electric properties by X-ray powderdiffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy [FTIR], scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX). X-ray diffraction patternconfirm the existence of perovskite crystal structure. This study presents the effects ofsubstitution of Zr2+ on the structural properties of bulk material. The values of latticeconstant, X-ray density, bulk density and porosity were calculated. Fourier transformedinfrared (FT-IR) spectra gives information about molecular vibrations which offers chemicalbonds present in material. EDAX used to do chemical analysis methods of X-ray emissionspectroscopy and also used to check morphology. The dielectric properties and P-EHysteresis loop of the compounds were studied. Maximum polarization, coercivity andremanance of a ferroelectric material and dielectric analysis i.e. the dielectric constant,dielectric loss and ac resistivity were determined.Keywords: Ferroelectric, XRD, SEM, IR, EDAX, Dielectrics, P-E Hysteresis loop PH006-Variation of Electrical Parameters of Soil with Moisture and Salinity Over Frequency Range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz Virendrakumar N. Patel, Hemal P.Vankar, Vipin A. Rana and Deepak H. GadaniDepartment of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India Email: [email protected] of electrical properties like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, conductivity,tanδ, electric modulus (M*)and complex impedance (Z*)for various moisture contents andsaline contents of soilhave been carried out usingPrecision LCR meter(Agilent make E-4980A)operating in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz.Measurements were carriedout by adding (i) double distilled water and (ii) saline water of 20,000 ppm, in variousproportions, inPalanpur district sandy soil.It has been observed that dielectric constantє’ anddielectric lossє” increase with increase in the moisture contents over the frequency rangefrom 20 Hz to 2 MHz.The value of tanδ and conductivity increases slowly with increases inmoisture in the soil. The variation oftanδ and conductivity with frequencyhave also beendiscussed. The electric modulus values M’ and M” are found to increase with increase infrequency, but decrease with increase in water content and saline watercontent in the soil atgiven frequency. The complex impedance plane plots (Z” vs. Z’) for given frequency range,moisture, and saline moisture have been plotted and analysed. The Z” minimum values 110

separating the bulk material and electrode polarization are observed to decrease towardslower frequencies with increase in water contents in the soil.Keywords: Complex Dielectric Constant,Soil, Moisture content, Saline content, PrecisionLCR meterPH007-Investigation on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of sol – Gel Grown Nano composite 1,2Davit Dhruv, 2Rathod, H.K., 2Kanani, M.V., 2Sapana Solanki, 2Solanki, P.S. and 2Shah, N.A. 1Department of Nano technology, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot-360 005, India 2Department of Physic, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, India Email: [email protected] this communication we report the structural, optical and electrical property Nanocomposite materials synthesis by wet chemical technique. The structural properties of Nanocomposite characterize by powder X- ray diffraction method, the XRD graph reveal themulti-phase of sample and give the signature of growth of Nano metal oxide ZnO and CdO inthe sample. The XRD pattern have short intensity and peaks are broader signifying smallercrystallinity in range of nano regime, the crystalline size of Nano metal oxide compositecalculated from main peak in XRD pattern using Scherer’s formula is about 46nm. The photoabsorption capacity of Nano metal oxide composite has been widely investigated by variousscientific communities because of their industrial applications. The optical properties of Nanometal oxide composite have been examined by UV – Visible Spectroscopy in range of 190 to800nm wave length, the optical properties suggest visible absorption increases by makingNano metal oxide composite as compare to Nano metal oxide. Furthermore the electricalproperties of Nano metal oxide composite investigated by AC conductivity characteristicsand effect of visible photon energy on the AC conductivity of Nano metal oxide have beendiscussed in vicinity of light absorption phenomena in the composite.Keywords: Sol gel, Nano structure, Nano composite, light absorption, light conduction 111

PH008-Basic Science of Architectural Acoustics Gosai, N.N. and Solanki, G.K.Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is mother of all invention as well as discovery. Author had explained basic scienceof sound energy with scientific manner. Main aim of the paper is to provide relevantscientific approach to understand acoustics rather than technology or engineering point ofview. Architectural acoustic is also discussed to produce optimum sound effect in auditorium/ seminar hall. Factors affecting the acoustic of building are explained. Author also suggestsremedies to outcome from many practical problems regarding the designing of hall. Overallcontrol of musical notes in different musical instruments is discussed. Fundamentalunderstanding and physics behind the sound waves, sound energy and music is explained indepth. PH009-Structural Characterization of Pr-doped NdMnO3 Kanjariya, P.V., Chavda, S.K., Jadav, G.D. and Bhalodia, J.A.CMR and HTSC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot - 360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] is an antiferromagnetic insulator which shows potential applications in spintronics.The microstructural and structural parameters of these compounds plays significant role ontheir properties. The basic building block of the NdMnO3 perovskite structure is MnO6octahedra. Doping in Nd site of NdMnO3 can significantly change the structural parametersof the compound. In the present work, we have synthesized Nd0.85Pr0.15MnO3 using sol-geltechnique and its structural properties have been studied. Synthesized sample wascharacterized using TG-DTA, FTIR and XRD analysis. TG-DTA plot shows stability ofNd0.85Pr0.15MnO3 sample above 700C. FTIR spectra show intrinsic nature of the synthesizedsample. Rietveld analysis was performed for the structural analysis of the synthesized samplewhich shows orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Pnma. Crystallite size wasfound ~89 nm through Scherer’s formula.Keywords: X-ray, TGA, DTA, FTIR 112

PH0010-Effect of L-Serine on Sodium Manganese Tetrachloride NLO Single Crystal 1Padaliya, K.V., 1Khachriya, C.H., 2Kochuparampil, A.P. and 1Rathod, K.R. 1Department of Physics, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Christ College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] novel inorganic NLO single crystal L-Serine doped sodium manganese tetrachloride(LSSMTC) has been grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. TheLSSMTC has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy, the nonlinear property has been confirm by the second harmonic generation(SHG) and the conformation of dopant is affirmed by CHN analysis. The powder X-raydiffraction revealed that the crystal belongs to an orthorhombic system. The presence ofvarious functional groups was identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The second harmonicgeneration (SHG) efficiency of the crystal was indicated that the crystal has a nonlinearoptical (NLO) efficiency that is 1.8 times greater than that of KDP and 0.8 times greater thanpure SMTC.Keywords: L-Serine doped SMTC Crystal, CHN and NLO PH011-Growth of Iron and Nickel Mixed Levo Tartrate Crystals 1,2Nikunj Pandya, 1Joshi, J.H., 1Manani, N.H. and 1Jethva, H.O. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2VVP Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] and mixed metal tartrate crystals find various applications in the different fields ofscience and technology. In the present study, iron and nickel mixed levo tartrate crystals weregrown by using gel method. The gel was prepared by the solution of sodium meta-silicate ofdefinite specific gravity, impregnated by levo tartaric acid having definite molarconcentration. On the set gel, the supernatant solution containing equal compositions of ironsulphate and nickel sulphate having definite molar concentration was poured gently throughthe walls of the test tubes. Spherulitic and dark greenish colored crystals were grown afternearly twenty days. 113

Keywords: Gel growth, Sodium meta-silicate, Levo-tartaric acid, Iron sulphate, Nickelsulphate PH012-Dielectric Study of Dry and Wet Granite Stones at Microwave Frequency 1Mukesh Vyas, 1Dhoot, K., 2Vyas, A.D., 2Rana, V.A., 2Gadani, D.H. and 2Tanmay Pandit 1Jai Nraian Vyas University, Jodhpur-342001 2Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] dielectric properties (ε', ε'') of 30 granite samples collected from Rajasthan, Gujarat,Andhra Pradesh and Bangalore were studied in the range 200MHz-20GHz at roomtemperature. The result has been presented in the form of variation of these parameters withfrequency which show characteristics features. It is found that dielectric constant values ofdry samples come in range of 1.7 to 6.5. The dielectric constant of moist sample increasesdue to absorption of water molecules. The increment is less due to compactness of intergranite molecules due to which it absorb less amount of water. The dielectric constant andloss of dry granite samples is found in good agreement with literature values. Themeasurement data may be of vital importance for microwave remote sensing applications.Keywords: dielectric properties, moisture content, microwave PH013-Influence of Synthesis Parameter on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nano structured TiO21Om Prajapati, 2Rathod, H.K., 2Kanani, M.V., 2Sapana Solanki, 2Solanki, P.S., 2Shah, N.A. and 1,2Davit Dhruv1Department of Nanotechnology, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] this communication we present influencer of synthesis parameter on Nano structure TiO2materials. Nano structured TiO2 synthesize by sol gel technique, during the process one ofkey synthesis parameter pH value of solution was controlled and samples were prepared at 114

two different pH value 4 and 7. Structural property of the samples has been investigated byX- ray diffraction method. XRD pattern of the samples reveal that both sample have nanostructure growth but smaller grain size was observed in nano structure at lower pH TiO2 ascompared to higher pH synthesized nano structured TiO2 The optical properties of TiO2investigated by UV Visible spectroscopy shows that higher absorption was observed at allapplied energy is higher in lower pH sample compared to higher pH sample, the higherabsorption of lower pH sample was discussed in sense of change in band gap and highersurface area. The electrical properties of Nano structured TiO2 were investigated by studyingthe AC conductivity response of the samples in the frequency range of 100Hz to 2MHz ofapplied field, it was observed that high conductivity was found in higher pH samples. Highconductivity of the higher pH samples were discussed in vicinity of grains and grainboundaries.Keywords: synthesis parameter, TiO2 nano particle, Sol –gel method, AC conductivity PH014-Cellulose Based Bioplastic-A Novel Radioactive Decay Shielding Material 1Harshal Desai and 2Gaurav Agraval 1Department of Physics, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] plastic is a type of man-made or synthetic polymer which composed of various elementssuch as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur. Plastics have highmolecular weight means each molecule can have thousands of atoms bound together. Plasticscan be molded, extruded, cast into various shapes & films or drawn into filaments and used astextile fibre e.g. Rayon, Bakelite, Teflon etc. Bioplastic is an organic material in whichcarbon is derived from renewable resources via biological processes. Biobased materialsinclude all plant (like corn, potatoes, banana peels, sugar, and algae) and animal mass. Thereare several types of bioplastics like starch-based bioplastics, cellulose based bioplastics,protein-based bioplastics, polyacetic acid etc. We have synthesized cellulose based bioplastic(using banana peels) in our laboratory which can be used as a radioactive decay (like -particle and gamma rays) shielding material. We have used GM counter as a radioactive 115

decay detector. Pure cellulose based bioplastic can absorb 60%  - particles and aluminadoped cellulose based bioplastic can absorb more amounts of -particles. BOD, COD &CHN Further, we will dope suitable element/compound to increase shielding capacity ofcellulose based bioplastics.Keywords: plastic, cellulose based bioplastics, radioactive decay shielding material PH015-Comparison Based on Data Rates Different Encoders for Speech Coding Technique Used in Wireless Communication Vijay Togadiya Department of Physics, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] coding is that the method of getting a illustration of voice signals in digitizes codetype for economical transmission over band-limited wired and wireless channels and/orstorage. This paper presents for analysis between code excited linear prediction andalgebraically code excited linear prediction speech cryptography techniques that area unithelpful in wireless communication for compression of speech signal to enhance the info rate.From this paper we tend to understood CELP encoder, decoder & ACELP encoder, anddecoder & differentiate each the cryptography technology. However it employed in WCDMAwireless communication system, the main think about speech cryptography is bit rate that isreduced in ACELP coder up to four.6kbps.ComparSpeech e to CELP coder. In severalapplications for transmission of voice signal it conversion is required for that speech coder isemployed.Keywords: CELP, ACELP PH016-Theoretical Study of Electrical Transport Properties of Some Simple Liquid Metals by Pseudopotential Mayank H. Jani and Vora, A.M. Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 116

ABSTRACTHere we report the electrical transport properties namely, electrical resistivity (),thermoelectric power (TEP) and thermal conductivity () of some simple liquid metals i.e.Na, Mg, Al, Pb of different groups (Z=1 to Z=4) of periodic table on the basis of modelpotential formalism. The well-known universal potential of Fiolhais et al. is used for the firsttime with five different types of local field correction function given by Hartree (H), Taylor(T), Ichimaru-Utsumi (IU), Faridet al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) in the present computation andfound suitable for each study. The generalized mean spherical approximation (GMSA)method is adopted for computing the structure factor of liquid metals. The presently obtainedresults are compared with the other such data either theoretical or experimental whereverexist in the literature and found successful.PH017-Characterization of MnxCo1-XFe2O4 Spinel Ferrites Prepared by Double Sintering Method Sagar Vansajariya, Monika Moradiya, Urmi Dave and Shrushti Korat School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected]–Manganese ferrites with chemical formula (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75and 1.0) have been synthesized by double sintering ceramic technique at 1000°C for 24hr andinvestigated for their structural, magnetic and electric properties. For structuralcharacterization X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) are used. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the existence of single phase of cubic spinel crystal structure.This study presents the effects of substitution of on the structural properties of bulkmaterial. The values of lattice constant, X-ray density, bulk density, and porosity werecalculated. Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectra gives information about molecularvibrations which offers chemical bonds present in material. EDAX used to do chemicalanalysis methods of X-ray emission spectroscopy and also used to check morphology. TheMagnetic properties were studied present spinel ferrite. The dielectric properties of thecompounds were studied using LCR meter. The ac susceptibility shows the Curietemperature. Hysteresis loop shows that the magnetization of a ferromagnetic materialdepends on the history of the material as well as on the magnitude of applied field H.Keywords: Spinel Ferrites, XRD, SEM, IR, EDAX, Hysteresis loop 117

PH018-Influence of Precursor Concentration on CBD Gown ZnO Thin Films 1Vipul Shukla and 2Amit Patel 1Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382 424, Gujarat, India 2Government Engineering college, Godhra – 389 001, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] thin films are deposited on glass substrate from aqueous solution of ZnCl2 and NH3 bychemical bath deposition. The films of various thicknesses, particle size and other usefulanalysis have been obtained by varying the concentration of ZnCl2 from 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M,0.4M and 0.5M. Optical properties of grown films and influence of precursor concentrationon them are analyzed by the transmittance recorded in the range 200-1200 nm. Depositedfilms are also characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM to understand the influence ofvariation in precursor concentration on structural and morphological properties of grownfilms. XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the deposited ZnO films.Keywords: ZnO, Chemical bath deposition, XRD, UV-Vis-NIR, SEM PH019-Synthesis of Tin Selenide Quantum Dots and its Structural and Optical Characterization Gosai, N.N., Solanki, G.K., Patel, K.D. and Pathak, V.M.Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is an urgent need to better understand the properties of materials on the nanoscalelevel. Because in order to utilize the materials for device fabrication or any technologicalapplication point of views, preparation as well as characterization is most important. Hence,at the technological front, there is a strong demand to develop new techniques to fabricateand measure the properties of nanomaterials and related devices. Semiconductornanoparticles / quantum dots in the narrow size regime of 5- 50 nm have attracted muchattention because of their unusual size dependent optoelectronic properties, arising due toQuantum confinement effect. Tin Selenide quantum dots had been prepared by aqueoussolution (chemical precipitation) method in deionised water at room temperature. All the 118

chemicals used for this were of Analytical Reagent grade and of 99.999 % purity. Structuralconfirmation of prepared compound and particle size estimation was done from X- raydiffractogram obtained by CuKα radiation of wavelength 1.540 nm. XRD indicate theformation of SnSe particles having Orthorohmbic phase with average particle of size 20.83nm as determined by Scherrer’s formula, suggesting the formation of SnSe quantum dots. Assynthesized nanostructures / quantum dots have also been analyzed and particle size ismeasured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Compositional or elemental analysisof SnSe was done using energy dispersive analysis of X- rays (EDAX) and it is found thatprepared compound is nearly stoichiometric in nature. Optical absorption spectroscopymeasurements were carried out in the wave length range 200nm to 2500nm (Perkin ElmerLambda-19). Quantum confinement effect or blue shift of the energy band gap (Eg) isobserved in as synthesized SnSe Quantum dots. Average diameter of the nanoparticles iscalculated and it is compared to that obtained from XRD and TEM measurements. 119

PHYSICSPOSTER ABSTRACTS 120

PHP001-Gravitational Waves 1Ridhdhy R. Rajpara & 2Kinjal H. Ranpara and 3Devyani A. Savsani 1Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Nadi, Jodhpar 2Kumar Chhatralay Campus, Rafadeshwar Road, Jodhpar (Nadi), Morbi-363641 3Saurashtara University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] paper presents a brief overview of gravitational waves. Their propagation and generationare presented in more detail with references to detailed derivations. The reader is assumed tobe familiar with basic concepts of general relativity but a brief review of relevant concepts isprovided. Here we also discuss the importance and the application of the gravitational waves.Keywords: Chemical reaction, changes matterPHP002-Surface Decorated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Promising and Emerging Tool for Cancer Targeting in Nanotheranostics Priya V. Shah, Seema D. Saroj and Sadhana J. Rajput Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. University of Baroda, Centre of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery System, Government of India, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] nanotechnology, the most promising inorganic materials for cancer targeting aremesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Fabricating or clever designing of hybridmultifunctional nanoparticles such that they can carry multiple cargo consisting of onetherapeutic and one diagnostic agent so as to serve the purpose of simultaneous diagnosticsand therapy is referred to as “theranostics”. Surface functionalized smart mesoporous silicananoparticles (MSNs) have been researched upon in great depth for their utility in cancertheranostics. Ease of surface functionalization also offers additional functionalities like cellrecognition, absorption of specific biomolecules, improving cell interaction and cellularuptake that significantly modifies the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the drug. Therefore,they have proved to be effective in gene delivery and multi drug resistance cancer treatment.The ultimate goal of these astute composite mesoporous carriers is to utilize diagnosticinformation for controlling their therapeutic function. Magnetic, pH responsive,multifunctional and ligand attached MSNs are useful in providing on demand cargo release 121

and targeted treatment of tumor. MSNs bearing photosensitizing agents are employed astheranostic agents for Photodynamic therapy (PDT). MSNs are relatively safe and eliminatedthrough the renal route. Theranostic MSNs help to keep a regular check on circulation as wellas bio distribution of drug delivery carriers. Moreover, they will be useful in passive targetingowing to their nano size and real time non-invasive monitoring will be helpful in gettingprecious feedback on state of disease. This will lead to the emergence of a new era in cancertargeting. Thus, hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles are one of the most recent advancesand nanotechnology in the arena of cancer targeting.Keywords: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles; Cancer targeting; Surface modification;Theranostics PHP003-Investigation on B-site Titanium doped La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 CMR Manganite by Newly Developed Hybrid Method Jadav, G.D., Kanjariya, P.V., Chavda, S.K. and Bhalodia, J.A. CMR & HTSC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat Email: [email protected] the discovery of the phenomenon of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in theLa1−xAxMnO3 (A = Sr, Ca, Ba, etc.) system, there has been extensive research activities onthese doped perovskites. The polycrystalline La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.94Ti0.06O3 sample was preparedby a newly developed hybrid method (sol-gel method + solid state reaction method). TheXRD confirms that the sample was in single phase (with no detectable secondary phases)having a rhombohedral structure in hexagonal lattice having a space group 3 . Rietveldrefinement was performed using FullProf software for detailed structural investigation. TGAanalysis verifies that the precursor shows three step weight loss profiles and does not melt upto the temperature of 1050 °C. A quantitative analysis of the energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) data indicates that the observed concentration of elements is very close to thecalculated values from its chemical formula. Typical SEM micrograph shows that the samplehas fine and clear grain boundaries (GBs). In R-T measurement, metal to insulator transitiontemperature (TMI) was observed at 230 K in absence of external magnetic field. The appliedmagnetic field suppressed the resistivity peak significantly and the resistivity peak shiftstowards higher temperature and MR% also rise with increase in magnetic field. The dielectricconstant (ε’) and dissipation factor (tan δ) were measured at 60, 70, 80, 90and 100 ˚C in the 122

frequency range of 100 KHz to 1 MHz as a function of temperature. Effect of paramagneticisovalent substitution at magnetic Mn site in .67Sr0.33MnO3 on structural, CMR and dielectricproperties will be discussed in this communication.Keywords: CMR, XRD, Dielectric PHP004-LIGO-The Door to Precise Detection of Gravitational Wave Ankit D. Gohel Sarvodaya College of science & Technology, B/H P.D.M College, Gondal Road, Rajkot Email: [email protected] poster will present the LIGO-“Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave observatory” thatdetects precise measurement of Gravitational wave. Here it is show how it works, what istheir structure, its futures benefits to science and technology. It is a large scale experimentand observatory to detect a cosmic gravitational wave. It is located at Hanford site,Livingston, US. It exhibits largest everbuilts are with 4 km long length. Indian Governmenthas initiated one program which includes second creation of LIGO name as INDIGO-“IndiaInitiative in Gravitational Wave Observations”. In future the LIGO and INDIGO will detectGravitational Wave more preciously then before through collaborative way. So it is a greatbenefit for India. Here, a brief introduction, construction, working and future scopes of LIGOare given.Keywords: LIGO, Gravitational Wave PHP005-Thermoluminencence Study of Clay Used in Ceramic Tiles 1Hitesh Mandavia and 2Murthy, K.V.R. 1Maharaja Shri Mahendra Sinhji Science College, Morbi, Gujarat, India 2M.S.University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] clay minerals are the most important tools in Geological research. Present paper reportsthe thermoluminescence study of China Clay which is broadly used in ceramic tiles as rawmaterials. Research paper deals with the comparative Thermoluminescence study anddiscussion of glow curve of natural China Clay at different annealing and quenchingtemperature with fixed beta dose 20 Gy by Sr-90 beta source. Every time 5mg of weighed 123

irradiated powder is taken to record TL of subjected mineral treated with various annealingand quenching temperatures namely 2500C, 4500C also TL was recorded as received minerals(NTL) along with beta dose of 20Gy was given and the glow curve are recorded (NTL+ATL).For better understanding all the results are also reproduced as peak temperature vspeak TL intensity in the form of tables. The results are important as Geological dating andforensic investigation point of view.Keywords: Thermoluminescence, Clay, Minerals PHP006-LI-FI 1Merja Nikunj, R., 2Raval Divyesh, N. and 2Paija Nirav B. 1Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Jodhpar, Nadi 2Saurashtara University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] this era of advanced science, a number of wireless connections are available to the internet.It has become a very common and a handy tool to access wireless internet from a coffee toconference hall. As the number of people accessing the wireless internet increase, the cloggedairwaves make it extremely difficult to latch on to a reliable signal. One German physicistHarald Hass has come up with a solution which he names as “data through illumination”taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through LED light bulb that varies inintensity faster than a human eye can.Keywords: Wireless, Internet, Fiber, Optics, Light Bulb PHP007-Electrical Transport properties of Liquid Li1-xCsx Alloy 1Rajesh C. Malan and 2Aditya M. Vora 1Applied Science and Humanities Department, Government Engineering College, Valsad- 396001, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380009, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] and [email protected] current article represents the electrical transport properties namely electricalresistivity ( ), thermal conductivity ( ) and thermoelectric power  of liquid alkal alloy 124

Li1-xCsx using pseudopotential theory. The electron-ion interaction is estimated through themodel potential given by Fiolhais et al. A very famous PercusYevick (PY) hard spherereference system is used for the structure factor calculation of the liquid alloy under thestudy. For the very first time, the current study represents the effect of total eight local fieldcorrection functions (due to Hartree (H), Hubbard and Sham (HS), Nagy (N), Vashishtha andShingwi (VS), Taylor (T), Sarkar et al. (S), Ichimaru and Utsumi (IU) and Farid et al. (F))with this universal potential in the PY hard sphere reference system. The numerical value andthe trend for all three transport properties obtained through this study are in a good agreementwith that of the other theoretical calculated values and experimental available data.Keywords: Pseudopotential Theory, Electrical Transport properties and PY hard spherePHP008-Effect of Post Annealing on CBD Deposited ZnS Thin Films 1Khatri, R.P. and 2Patel, A.J. 1Governmnet Engineering College, Modasa, Aravalli, Gujarat 383315, India 2Government Engineering College, Godhra, Panchmahal, Gujarat 389001, India Email: [email protected] growth of zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films onto glass substrate by chemical bath depositionmethod has been reported. These films were deposited onto glass substrates by using zincchloride, triethanolamine (TEA), thiourea and 25% ammonia at bath temperature 70 C. Theeffect of annealing at temperature 350 C for 1 hr onto properties of the ZnS thin films wasinvestigated. X-ray diffraction confirms the wrutzite, hexagonal phase of ZnS. Averagecrystallite size calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation was 331 nm for as-grown and 643 nmfor annealed ZnS thin films, respectively. The ZnS thin films have transmittance of about 5-35% in the range of 350 -1200 nm. The transmittance of annealed ZnS thin film is higherthan that of as-deposited ZnS thin film in the range 350-800 nm. The band gap values werecalculated in the range of 3.80-4.18 eV.Keywords: Chemical bath deposition, Thin film, Zinc Sulphide 125

PHP009-Particle Size Dependent Ferroelectric, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of BiFeO3 Chavda, S.K., Kanjariya, P.V., Jadav, G.D. and Bhalodia, J.A.CMR and HTSC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] (BFO) exhibits ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic behaviour simultaneously aboveroom temperature (TC ∼ 1100 K, TN ~ 643 K), so it possesses multiferroic behaviour. Highleakage current and low magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature in BFO limits itsapplications in spin based electronics - spintronics devices. Synthesis of phase pure BFO hasbeen a challenging task as the product is usually contaminated with the presence of impurityphases like Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi25FeO39. Reduction in leakage current and increment in resistivitycan be achieved in BFO by eliminating secondary impurities and oxygen vacancies, i.e. bysynthesizing pure phase of BFO, since its single phase will improve its ferroelectricbehaviour. We have used Solid State Reaction Technique to prepare BFO, the sample wasleached using diluted HNO3 and ball milled using high energy ball miller for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20and 25 hours to prepare samples with different particle size. Structural properties, particlesize dependent P-E loop, M-B loop and Dielectric behaviour at room temperature of preparedBFO samples will be discussed in this paper.Keywords: Multiferroic Materials, Spintronics, Solid State Reaction Technique PHP010-Humanoid Robot 1Fefar Aniket Sureshbhai, 2Patel Ravi Bharatbhai and Patel 3Tejas Sureshbhai Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Jodhpar, Nadi Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] paper describes the designing of a humanoid robot called \"Dara\" in Semnan Universityby team IRAN FAN AVARAN which wants to participate in the Humanoid. League ofRobocup 2006 in Germany. The main purpose of this project is to build a humanoid robot tosimulate the behavior of human and going to use this generation of robots in some specialworks instead of human. This mechatronic project contains the implementation of Control 126

Algorithms, Mechanical Design, and Electronic Control Boards under operating multipleprocessors together. In designing of this robot has tried to use some mechanism, controlalgorithms, mechanical structures and electrical exciters which didn't has still used in similarprojects.Keywords: Human, robots, Mechanical Electronic Control, Algorithms, Structures PHP011-Commercial Trends and Application of Nanostructured Cobalt Based Ferrofluids Baraliya, J.D. and Joshi, H.H. Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] the realm of nano technological materials, ferrofluids are unique in their constituents likeits preparation methods, stability, coating materials, dispersedin a carrier liquid and structuralparameters. Lubrication is one of the most important applications for nanostructuredferrofluids, and the advantage of nanostructured ferrofluids as lubricant, over theconventional ones, is that the former can be retained at the desired location with mildmagnetic fields. This paper focuses on commercial trends and application of nanostructuredcobalt based ferrofluids, which shows normal liquid behaviour coupled with very interestingstructural and magnetic properties used for industrial applications like lubrication.Keywords: Ferrofluid, Structural properties, Cobalt ferrites, Lubrication PHP012-Dielectric Characterization of Nano Structured Mn0.6Co0.2Ni0.2Fe2O4Synthesized Using Auto Combustion Method Hathiya, L.J., Baraliya, J.D. and Joshi, H.H. Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] present paper represents the study of nanocrystalline spinel type mixed ferriteMn0.6Co0.2Ni0.2Fe2O4 synthesize by Auto-combustion method which is fast and easiercompared to other wet-chemical and conventional ceramic methods. The nano sized powderwas prepared by using nitrates as precursors and citric acid as a coordinating agent. Thesynthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for confirmation of the 127

formation of single phase ‘fcc’ spinel type ferrite structure. Dielectric measurements carriedout in the frequency range up to 1MHz for the study of the frequency dependent dielectricand conductivity behaviour of a nanocrystalline spinel type mixed ferriteMn0.6Co0.2Ni0.2Fe2O4, which exhibits standard universal frequency response confirmingpurity and surety of the synthesized ferrite product.Keywords: Dielectric properties, Structural properties, Mixed ferritesPHP013- Effect of Deposition Time on Structural and Optical Properties of CdS thin films by CBD Patel, R.B., Jolly Joy, Salil Nair, Vora, A.M. and Patel, K.D.C. U. Shah University, Ahmedabad-Surendranagar High way, near Kotharia, Wadhwan City, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] paper presents an investigation of the properties of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin filmsand their suitability for use as solar cell material. The paper also presents some findings onhow to optimize the chemical bath deposition technique to achieve improved quality of CdSthin films deposited on glass substrates. Thin films of Cadmium Sulphide with thicknessesranging from 11-20 μm were deposited on microscope glass slides using the chemical bathdeposition method (CBD) for two different deposition times. The structural and opticalcharacteristics of all the samples were investigated. The Nanocrystalline Cadmium sulfide(CdS) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (using CadmiumChloride (CdCl2), thiourea (CS(NH2)2), ammonia solution (NH4OH) and triethanolamine(TEA) solution) on glass substrates at a temperature of 80°±5C and at different depositiontimes. Deposited CdS films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), EnergyDispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-VISspectrophotometer. XRD studies confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure while EDAXanalysis the presence of Cd and S elements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showedthat nano sized grains tied up in a fibrous-like porous structure uniformly distributed over thesurface of the substrate. UV-VIS optical spectroscopy study was carried out to determine theband gap of the nanocrystalline CdS thin films. The average band gap was found to be 2.2eV, which is lower than the bulk value (2.4 eV). The increase in absorption coefficient with 128

photon energy makes the deposited CdS thin film a suitable candidate for the fabrication ofsolar cells. PHP014-Optical Investigations of In2Se2.7Sb0.3 Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Technique Piyush Patel, Vimal Patel and Vyas, S.M. Department of Physics, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] III-VI compound semiconductors are important for the fabrication of ionizing radiationdetectors, solid-state electrodes, and photosensitive heterostructures, solar cell and ionicbatteries. In this paper, In2Se2.7 Sb0.3 thin films have been deposited onto a chemicallycleaned glass substrate was grown by thermal evaporation technique under vacuum. Glassynature of the films has been ascertained by U-v visible pattern. The analysis by absorptionspectra, measured at normal incidence, in the spectral range 200-900 nm has been used forthe optical characterization of thin films under investigation. The optical constants(absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k)) and optical band gap (Eg) have beenstudied. The results were discussed, and reported in detail.Keywords: Thin Films, Absorption Coefficient (α), Extinction Coefficient (k) and OpticalBand Gap (Eg) PHP015-Tuning the I-V behaviour in LAO Thin Films for Device Applications Shiyani, T. and Bagchi, T. School of Nano sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] perovskites made of transition metal oxides are an upcoming class of materials thatmay replace at conventional semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. High qualityepitaxial LaAlO3 (LAO) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniqueon SrTiO3 (STO, 001) with different thickness, 2-10 uc. LAO has a direct band gap 1.8 eV,which is optimal to separate the photo generated electron-hole pairs. STO substrate istransparent to visible light and this efficiently reduces the losses due to the magnitude of the 129

band gap and exceeds the Shockley-Queisser limit. Experimental evidence of electricalproperties of the confined electron gas at the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface is provided by fourprobe transport measurements. The conductivity is two-dimensional refer to it as a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Structural geometries are used to show dependence of thesheet resistance with temperature and LAO thickness. LAO and STO both are non-magneticinsulators but LAO/STO interfaces with thickness above and below 2 uc are conductive andinsulator, respectively. Owing to the strong interplay between charge, spin and orbital degreeof freedom in LAO, the new properties can emerge at the interfaces of atomically flat oxideheterostructures, because of the inherent discontinuities at the interfaces. Photovoltaic effectshas been observed in LAO in mV range without any bias at ambient temperature under theirradiation of light. These results provide insight into the possible motivating mechanisms ofthe emerging properties at oxide interfaces and demonstrate a novel conducting system withpromising applications in solar cells.Keywords: LAO, STO, interface, photovoltaic PHP016-Investigations of Thickness and Temperature Dependent Studies on Nanostructured Mixed Valent Manganites: A Review Amiras Donga and Manoj Kanani Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] In this communication, we review the published reports obtained from the studies onnanostructured mixed valentmanganites grown by various synthesis methods. We reviewedthe effect of sintering temperature on the grain size, grain boundaries, particle size andsurface to volume ratio in palletized bulk sample. We also studies the effect of strain atinterface exhibited by different thickness of thin film grown on single crystal subtract. Theeffect of strain and grain size dependent transport and magnetotransport properties has beendiscussed in detail.Keywords: Sintering Temperature, Grain Size, Film Thickness, Strain 130

PHP017-A Review of Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependent Studies of Manganite Based Heterostructures Amiras Donga and Manoj Kanani Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email:[email protected] this communication, we present the review on the reported work of manganite basedbilayerd devices fabricated in field effect geometry by pulsed laser deposition technique.Effect of A-site doping in p-type manganite channel is discussed in terms of field inducedelectro resistance behavior. Temperature dependent transport and magneto transport behaviorhas been deeply discussed in the context of polarizable gate electrode induced modificationsin conduction of manganite channel. Large – Field sensitivity and positive MR was observed,which can lead to many potential applications of manganite based field effect devices.Keywords: PLD, Bilayerd Thin Film, Large – Field sensitivity, Positive MR PHP018-Dielectric Spectroscopy of Mixed-Nanoparticle Loaded Epoxy Resin Sanketsinh Thakor, Rana, V.A. and Vankar, H.P. Department of Physics, Electronics and Space Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] present work, the dielectric properties of mixed nanoparticle loaded Bisphenol A-(epichlorhydrin); epoxy resin with hardener N(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1,3-propylenediamine were carried out at room temperature. Mixer of highly pure grades ofcommercially available uncoated nanoparticle size compound of SiO2 (APS-20 nm), and ofZnO (APS-30nm) were used as a filler and sample of the neat epoxy resin and nanoparticleloaded epoxy resin in the form of disc were prepared of different weight fraction (i.e 0.5wt%,0.7 wt%,1 wt%,1.5 wt%,1.7 wt%,2 wt%). Complex permittivity of the prepared sampleswas measured using Agilent E4980A precision LCR meter in frequency range of 103 Hz to106 Hz. The dependency of dielectric behavior on concentration of mixed nanoparticleand 131

comparative analyses of dielectric properties of all the samples in considered frequency rangeare discussed in detail.Keywords: Epoxy Resin,Nano-Dielectrics, Complex permittivityPHP019- Magnetodielectric Studies on Nanostructured YMnO3Manganites 1Sanghvi Drashti, 1Kanani, M.V., 1Manan Gal, 1Bhargav Rajyaguru, 2Joshi, A.D., 1Vipul Shrimali, 1Zalak Joshi, 1Solanki, P.S. and 1Shah, N.A. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Nanoscience and Advanced Materials, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] this Communication, nanostructured YMnO3 manganite particles were synthesized usinglow cost, simple, environment friendly and low temperature acetate precursor based modifiedsol-gel technique. Influence of different sintering temperatures on particle size and dielectricbehavior and effect of magnetic field has been studied. X-Ray Diffraction was performed atdifferent temperature sintered samples for their structural characterization. It has been foundthat samples are hexagonal in structure having P63cm space group. Crystallite size wascalculated from XRD for 700℃, 900℃ and 1100℃ sintered samples are 26.33, 42.18 and68.42nm respectively. Increase in crystallite size with sintering temperature can be ascribedto agglomeration effect in the samples. For studying of surface morphology, i.e. for shape andsize of particle, TEM images were taken. Variation in dielectric constant with frequency andsintering temperature has been discussed in the context of dipole response with time andcoexisting high resistive cores of the particles and low resistive particle boundaries. In orderto understand the role of magnetic field in modified dielectric behavior of YMnO3manganitessintered at different temperatures, frequency dependent dielectric constant under differentapplied magnetic fields has been recorded at room temperature.Keywords: YMnO3, Sol-gel method, Dielectric, Magnetoelectric PHP020-Investigation on gas sensing property of Nano structured SnO2 Thin Film1Arsh Ladani, 1Chirag Raiyani, 1Om Prajapati, 2Sapana Solanki, 2Solanki, P.S., 2Shah, N.A. and 1,2Davit Dhruv 132

1Department of Nanotechnology, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] this communication we have fabricate nano gas sensor device and investigated theirsansing properties. Nano structured SnO2 materials deposited on conducting glass by spincoating technique. Structural property of nano structured film investigated by X- raydiffraction method, XRD pattern of the film reveal that polycrystalline growth of SnO2without any detectable impurity in the measure range. The gas sensing property of the filminvestigated under the exposed of carbon monoxide gas, the concentration of carbonmonoxide is change and observe sensitivity of the film.Keywords: Thin film, Nano structured SnO2, Gas sensor, Spin coating method PHP021-Resistive Switching Behaviour in Y0.95C0.05MO3/Si Device 1Bharavi Hirpara, 1Rathod, H.K., 1Bhagyashree Udeshi, 1Alpa Zankat, 1Amiras Donga, 1Keval Gadani, 2Pandya, D.D., 3Asokan, K., 1Solanki, P.S. and 1Shah, N.A. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Human Resource and Development Center, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 3Inter University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi – 110 067, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] Resistive Switching (RS) behavior of various oxide materials recently attracts greatinterest for the application in the next-generation non-volatile memories in semiconductorbased memory devices. This work represents a single phase PLD grown YCMO/Si devicecharacterized by Current Perpendicular to Plane (CPP) transport measurement scheme acrossYCMO/Si interface at different temperatures. Temperature dependent backward to normaldiode characteristic transformation and counter eight-wise RS behavior has been observedwith Low Resistance State (LRS) to High Resistance State (HRS) transformations at alltemperatures studied. The role of oxygen vacancies, creation of filamentary paths, creation oftop electrode metal oxide layer and its redox processes, naturally created SiOX layer betweenYCMO film and Si substrate and its redox process are the discussed mechanisms proposed assources of RS behavior at different temperatures. The Space Charge Limited Conduction(SCLC) mechanisms and Trapped Filled Limited Conduction (TFLC) mechanisms have been 133

dicussed in the light of charge conduction during forward bias mode. In the reverse biasmode, the T-E model has been successfully fitted and variation in barrier height withtemperature and cycle performed has been discussed in the context of interface modificationand thermal effect.Keywords: PLD, Resistive Switching, YCMO/Si PHP022-Innovative Experiments for Teaching Analog Electronic Communication Systems Shruti Panchal, Snehal Vataliya and Lele, P.D. Department of Physics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] communication experiments using fiber optics of do-it-yourself type (DIY) using thecomponents that are readily available in the market and also which are not very costly aregiven below. The emphasis is on teaching learning value. The experiments teach the subjectfrom first principles.Analog Communication Experiments Using Fiber Optics: 1. Two audio frequency Channels with TDM (time division multiplexing): Two audio signals of fixed frequencies are combined using operational IC 741 as summing amplifier. LED is used for conversion to optical signals which passes through the optical fiber link. At receiver a photo transistor is used for reconversion to electrical signal. The signals are separated using filters which drive two different speakers. 2. Two channels AM experiment: It uses summing amplifier at transmitter and band pass filters tuned to the two carrier frequencies at receiver to separate the channels in the FDM system. 3. Two channels FM modulation and detection experiment: It is similar to above AM experiment. 4. A single communication system demonstrating FDM, TDM and WDM techniques: The complete schematic is given here.These experiments can be demonstrated from stage in auditorium. These can also be put up inlaboratory individually on different tables so that visitors can go and see them easily. No 134

additional circuitry is needed for the demonstration. Availability of the CRO greatly enhancesthe impact as it is possible to “SEE” waveforms at various stages in the circuits.Keywords: Communication Experiments, Electronic Circuit, Fiber OpticsPHP023-Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Moist and Fertilized Soil at Radio Frequencies Prahalad D. Chaudhary, Tanmay R. Pandit, Vipin A. Rana and Deepak H. Gadani Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] paper presents the experimental results which have been carried out for understandingthe behaviour of soil-water mixer andsoil-fertilized water mixture overradio frequency rangefrom 20Hz to 2MHz.The samples were prepared by mixing different concentration ofmoisture and fertilized-water (Urea) content in the soil. A simple measurement method (usingLCR meter) was used in determining the dielectric response of Surendranagar district sandyloam soil, at radio frequencies. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been measuredin frequency range from 20Hz to 2MHz using precision LCR meter (Agilent make E-4980A)at room temperature (25 ºC).It has been observed that the dielectric constant and loss of thesoil increases with increase in moisture content in the soil over the frequency ofmeasurement. The value of conductivity increases slowly with increases in moisture in thesoil. The electric modulus values M’ and M” are found to increase with increase infrequency, moisture content in the soil and fertilized water content in the soil. The compleximpedance plane plots ( Z” against Z’) for the given frequency range, moisture and fertilizedmoisture have been plotted and analysed. The Z” minimum values separating bulk materialand electrode polarization are observed to occur at lower frequencies for same water contentscompared to fertilized water content in the soil.The results show that the dielectric valuesobtained with fertilizer content are higher than those for moisture content.Keywords: Dielectric Properties, Soil, Moisture content, Fertilizer content, Precision LCRmeter 135

PHP024-Charge Transport Properties of Manganite Based Bilayered Heterostructure 1Hardik Gohil, 1Khushal Sagapariya, 1Vishal Vadgama, 1,2Davit Dhruv, 1Sapana Solanki, 1Hetal Boricha, 1Rathod, K.N., 3Asokan, K., 1Shah, N.A. and 1Solanki, P.S. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2V.V.P. Engineering College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 3Inter University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] this communication, we prepared ZnO / LCMO / LAO heterostructures using simple, lowcost, vacuum free and environment friendly chemical solution deposition (CSD) method.Structural studies using X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the single crystalline parallel growthof LCMO film over single crystalline (100) LAO substrate while preferred orientations ofZnO indicates polycrystalline growth over LCMO / LAO film. Temperature dependentresistance behavior, recorded across the ZnO / LCMO interface, suggests the metal toinsulator phase transition at Tp. Presently studied ZnO / LCMO interface exhibits doublepeak transition behavior which has been discussed on the basis of phase coexistence scenario.An electrical nature of the ZnO / LCMO interface has been followed by temperaturedependent I–V characteristics. Simmons model was best fitted implying tunneling processesare the dominant mechanisms for the charge transport across the presently studied ZnO /LCMO interface. Backward diode behavior has been discussed for every temperature on thebasis of phase coexistence scenario and structural disorder.Keywords: Chemical solution deposition (CSD), Heterostructure, Transport properties PHP025-Nano Structured Manganese based Ferrofluids and Magnetorheological Fluids Parmar, K.K., Malvaniya, V.K., Parmar, I.M., Hathiya, L.J., Baraliya, J.D. and Joshi, H.H. Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] (FFs) are stable colloidal suspensions composed of single-domain magneticnanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. And it is an intelligent material, exhibiting normalliquid behaviour coupled with superparamagnetic properties. Since the properties and the 136

location of these fluids can easily be influenced by a magnetic field, FFs have recentlyattracted many scientific, industrial and commercial applications. Composition, synthesis andstructural properties of ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids are reviewed and compared.The similarities and main differences between the two types of magnetically controllablefluids are outlined and exemplified in the paper. Chemical synthesis and structuralcharacterization of magnetizable Manganese based fluids for engineering and biomedicalapplications are thoroughly discussed.Keywords: Ferrofluid, structural properties, Manganese ferrites PHP026-Thermodynamic properties of Copper using parameter free Pseudopotential in harmonic approximation 1Kamaldeep G. Bhatia, 2Bhatt, N.K., 3Vyas, P.R. and 3Gohel, V.B. 1Department of Physics, L.J.I.E.T., Gujarat Technological University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad- 382210, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, M. K. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar- 394001, Gujarat, India 3Department of Physics, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380009, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] parameter free local pseudopotential (first principles pseudopotential) in harmonicapproximation, we have carried out theoretical study of temperature variation ofthermodynamic properties of Copper. We have investigated predictivity of present approachby carrying out temperature variation of thermal expansion (β), isothermal and adiabatic bulkmoduli (BT & BS), specific heats (Cp & Cv) and gruneisen parameter (γ). Our computedresults are found to be in good agreement with experimental findings which suggests thateven local pseudopotential can be used successfully for the description of thermodynamicproperties at extreme environment (high temperature and high pressure).Keywords: pseudopotential, harmonic approximation, thermodynamic properties, copperPACS number(s): 64.30.Ef, 65.40.Ba, 65.40.De 137

PHP027-Study of Pressure Dependence of the Superconducting State Parameters of Aluminum Using Parameter Free Pseudopotential 1Nupur Vora, 2Priyank Kumar, 3Bhatt, N.K., 1Vyas, P.R. and 1Gohel, V.B. 1Department of Physics, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India 2Department of Science & Humanities, Government Polytechnic, Gandhinagar - 382024, Gujarat, India3Department of Physics, M. K. Bhavanagar University, Bhavanagar - 364001, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] study of superconducting state parameters (SSPs), viz. electron-phononcoupling strength (λ), Coulomb pseudopotential (μ*), critical temperature (Tc), effectiveinteraction strength (N0V) and isotopic effect parameter (α) and their pressure dependencehave been carried out in the BCS-Eliashberg-McMillan framework for Al by using parameterfree form of Ashcroft’s empty core (AEC) pseudopotential and energy dependent Ashcroft’sempty core (EAEC) pseudopotential. Critical volume is also predicted at which λ=μ* whereTc and N0V becomes zero. Present results are compared with other theoretical as well asavailable experimental results and it is found that EAEC pseudopotential is better than AECpseudopotential for the study of SSPs and their pressure dependence.Keywords: superconducting state parameters, critical volume, pseudopotential.PACS: 74.20.-z, 74.70.Ad. PHP028-Organic Solar Cells 1Vasiyani Nishith Govindbhai and 2Fultariya Milan Mahendrabhai 1Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Jodhpar, Nadi, Gujarat, India 2Saurashtara University Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] solar cells have many intrinsic advantages, such as their light weight, flexibility, andlow material and manufacturing costs. Recently, polymer tandem solar cells have attractedsignificant attention due to their potential to achieve higher performance than single cells.Photovoltaic's deal with the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. Classic photovoltaicsolar cells based on inorganic semiconductors have developed considerably since the first 138

realization of a silicon solar cell in 1954 by Chapin, Fuller and Pearson in the Bell labs.Today silicon is still the leading technology on the world market of photovoltaic solar cells,with power conversion efficiencies approaching 15 – 20% for mono-crystalline devices.Though the solar energy industry is heavily subsidized throughout many years, the prices ofsilicon solar cell based power plants or panels are still not competitive with otherconventional combustion techniques – except for several niche products. An approach forlowering the manufacturing costs of solar cells is to use organic materials that can beprocessed under less demanding conditions. Organic photovoltaic's has been developed formore than 30 years, however, within the last decade the research field gained considerable inmomentum. The amount of solar energy lighting up Earth's land mass every year is nearly3,000 times the total amount of annual human energy use. But to compete with energy fromfossil fuels, photovoltaic devices must convert sunlight to electricity with a certain measureof efficiency. For polymer-based organic photovoltaic cells, which are far less expensive tomanufacture than silicon-based solar cells, scientists have long believed that the key to highefficiencies rests in the purity of the polymer/organic cell's two domains acceptor and donor.Keywords: solar cells, polymer, Photovoltaic's, energy, manufacturing PHP029-LIGO Namrata Bhalgamiya and Riya Shrivastav Department of Physics, SSNCS, Bhavnagar, Gujarat Email: [email protected] is the “Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory”. In LIGO thousands ofresearchers work together from more than 20 countries. It is designed for detection ofgravitational waves, which are very sensitive wave, predicted by ALBERT EINSTEIN 100years ago. It works on the principle of Michelson Morley interferometer. The 1st person tobuild a gravitational wave detector was “JOSEPH WEBER” from the University of Marylandin 1960’s. He used aluminum cylinder or bars. That would be driven to vibrate by passinggravitational waves. Unfortunately his experiment failed. Then the idea shifted on differentgravitational wave detector, The “Rainer Weiss” from MIT who had independentlydeveloped the instrument called “Gravitational Wave Interferometer”. After many years, bymodification in its work in this time very sharply & it detect the gravitational waves 1st timein September 14th 2015. 139

PHP030-Gravity According to Einstein Trupti Gohil Department of Physics, SSNCS, Bhavnagar, Gujarat Email: [email protected]'s happiest thought (1907): \"For an observer falling freely from the roof of a house,the gravitational field does not exist\". Conversely, an observer in a closed box such as anelevator or spaceship—cannot tell whether his weight is due to gravity or acceleration.Gravity as Curved Spacetime Einstein eventually identified the property of spacetime whichis responsible for gravity as its curvature. Space and time in Einstein's universe is no longerflat (assumed by Newton) but can pushed and pulled, stretched and warped by matter.Gravity feels strongest where spacetime is most curved, and it vanishes where spacetime isflat. This is the core of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which is often summed up inwords as follows \"matter tells spacetime how to curve, and curved spacetime tells matter howto move\". A standard way to illustrate this idea is to place a bowling ball onto a stretchedrubber sheet (as spacetime). If a marble is placed onto the rubber sheet, it will roll toward thebowling ball, and may even be put into \"orbit\" around the bowling ball. This occurs, notbecause the smaller mass is \"attracted\" by a force emanating from the larger one, but becauseit is traveling along a surface which has been deformed by the presence of the larger mass. Inthe same way gravitation in Einstein's theory arises not as a force propagating throughspacetime, but rather as a feature of spacetime itself. According to Einstein, your weight onearth is due to the fact that your body is traveling through warped spacetime! PHP031-4 Bit Full Adder circuit using IC 7483 Sreenath Nair and Lele, P.D. Department of Physics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. The operation of adding twobinary numbers is one of the fundamental tasks performed by a digital computer. Inmany computers and other kinds of processors adders are used in the arithmetic logic units orALU. They are also utilized in other parts of the processor, where they are used tocalculate addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operators, and similar operations. 140

A full adder adds binary numbers and accounts for values carried in as well as out. The fourbasic addition operations are 0 + 0 = 0, 1 + 0 = 1, 0 + 1 = 1 and 1 + 1 = 10. In the first threeoperations, each binary addition gives sum as one bit, i.e., either 0 or 1. But the fourthaddition operation gives a sum that consists of two binary digits. In such result of theaddition, lower significant bit is called as the sum bit, whereas the higher significant bit iscalled as the carry bit.In this experiment we have done 4 Bit addition by using a single IC 7483. IC 7483 is a 4 bitparallel adder which consists of four interconnected full adders along with the look aheadcarry circuit. It is a 16 pin IC. The inputs to the IC are A, B, C0while outputs are S and C4.A3A2A1A0 is a 4 bit input word 'A' and B3B2B1B0 is the second 4 bit input word 'B'. The ICadds the two four bit words along with input carry to produce a 4 bit sum and a one bit carry-out. Cout3 represents the output carry. S3,S2,S1,S0 represents sum output with S3 as the MSB.The advantage is it reduces the propagation time i.e.for very large numbers (hundreds or eventhousands of bits) look ahead carry logic does not become any more complex as it calculatesone or more carry bits before the sum, which reduces the wait time to calculate the result ofthe larger value bits of the adder. PHP032-Dielectric and Electrical Properties of the Fe doped SnSe PelletsJaydev Patel, Vyas, S.M., Sanketsinh Thakor, Hemalkumar Vankar, Vimal Patel and Piyush PatelDepartment of Physics and Electronics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] doped SnSe pellets have been prepared using ball milling and pressing method at roomtemperature. These pellets have been used for the dielectric and electrical characterizations.The Fe doped SnSe pellet was measured in the frequency range of 20Hz to 2MHz usingprecision LCR meter at room temperature for the study of dielectric properties. In this paperthe dielectric properties (Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent) and electricalproperties (Hall Effect and I-V characteristic) were explored and results are discussed.Keywords: LCR meter, Complex relative dielectric function, I-V characteristic 141

PHP033-Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) Vimal Patel, Piyush Patel, and Vyas, S.M. Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is an excellent inorganic nonlinear optical materialwhich is used in various instrumental applications. In the present work, Pure KDP powder isused for the characterization at room temperature by the complex relative dielectric functionε*(ω) =εʹ - jε″ of mixture of ADP with water in molar fraction have been measured usingprecision LCR meter in the frequency range 20Hz to 2MHz. This properties are used tomeasured various important dielectric parameters i.e. complex relative dielectric functionε*(ω), conductivity σ*(ω) Refractive Index, Density as well as permeability (εα). Theobtained results are discussed in detail.Keywords: NLO, Complex relative dielectric function, conductivity, aqueous solutionPHP034-Review on the B-site Doping Effects of Different Types of Cations in ABO3 type La1-xCaxMnO3 Manganites 1Pankaj Solanki, 1Solanki, P.S., 1Shah, N.A. and 2Kataria, B.R. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Nano Science and Advanced Materials, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] this communication, we discuss the B-site doping effects in ABO3 type manganites, whenwe doped some different cations at the B-site of La1-xCaxMnO3 manganites, the transport andmagneto transport properties is changed and material also shows the change in Metal toInsulator (M-I) transition at the Tp. For different doped cations the transport and magnetotransport properties are changed for particular La1-xCaxMnO3 manganites. We used thedifferent reported works on the Mn site doping to compare the structural modifications and totransport and magneto transport properties of the doped perovskite structure. We checked theratio of shifting of Tp of the doping of different cations at the B-site of La1-xCaxMnO3manganites. We also compared the structural modifications. For that we have used the 142

reported XRD data for different cations. For this comparative study, we used the MR%, XRDresults, Resistivity measurements with and without field from the reported works.Keywords: Transport properties, magneto transport properties, Doping Effect PHP035-Review: Various Types of Application in Nanomaterials Taslim Kaida and Asfeeyaz Chaudhari Department of Physics, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] a diversified of science which deals with surface science organic chemistry,molecular biology, semiconductor physics and micro fabrication etc. Associated research andapplication are equally diverse ranging from expensive of conventional physics to completelynew Approches based upon developing new material with new dimension on Nano scale.Nanotechnology may be able to create many new material and devices with a vast range ofApplication such as in medicine electronics, biomaterials and energy production. The Solarcell industry has grown quickly in recent years due to strong interest in renewable energy andthe problem of global climate change. Cost is an important factor in the success of any solartechnology. Today's solar cell are simply not enough efficient and are too expensive tomanufacturer for large-scale electricity generation. However, potential advancement innanotechnology may open the door to the production of cheaper and slightly more efficientsolar cells. Nanotechnology might be able to increase the efficiency of solar cells but themost promising application of nanotechnology is the reduction of manufacturing cost. Solarcells based organic materials are being developed with the aim of reducing the price per watteven if that means sacrificing conversion efficiency and reliability.utilizing nanotechnologyin inexpensive solar cell would help to preserve the environment. PHP036-32 Point Group Illustrate in 7 Crystal System Hemaxi V. GadhiyaDepartment of Physics, Shree Matrumandir College, University Road, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] any part of object is identical to another part, we consider it as possessing some symmetry.Crystallographers consider that the external symmetry axis because of the symmetry of the 143

internal arrangement of atoms or molecules or the building blocks known as unit cells. Inatomic pattern of a crystal symmetry involving translation, rotation, reflection, inversion ortheir combinations are found to occur. The geometrical locus about which a group of finiteoperation acts is known as symmetry element. A point group in a lattice is defined as acollection of symmetry operation which when applied about a lattice point leave the latticeinvariant. In other words in point group all possible symmetry element must pass through thepoint. Since crystals belonging to different crystal systems show different point groupsymmetries and therefore the classification of crystal system can be easily made on the basisof a point groups. PHP037-Investigation on Structural and Radar Invisibility Capability of Nanostructured Doped Perovskite Manganite Materials ¹Yash Bharodiya, 2Rathod, H.K., 2Kanani, M.V., 2Sapna Solanki, 1,2Davit Dhruv, 2Solanki, P.S. and 2Shah, N.A. 1Department of Nanotechnology, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] stealth technology and functional materials developed for air combat systems areapplicable to ground and naval systems as well with modification to suit their function andenvironmental requirements. In stealth technology, the minimization of electromagneticsignature can be realized in several ways which include stealth shaping design, radarabsorbing material (RAM), and radar absorbing structures (RAS). Other side Nanostructuredradar absorbing materials (RAMs) have received steadily growing interest because of theirfascinating functional properties and various applications compared with the bulk ormicrosized counterparts. Under the threat perception, enemy's detection capabilities throughsurveillance, reconnaissance or guided weapon system, signatures suppression by way ofhiding, blending, and deception i.e. creating false signature of real targets are essential toenhance their survivability. In this communication we have successfully synthesisnanostructure perovskite manganite La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 (LBMO) materials low cost chemicalsolution technique. The structural properties have been characterised by X- ray diffractiontechnique, XRD pattern shows single phase and polycrystalline structure of LBMO. Thecomplex permittivity and permeability of the sample were measured by microwave vector 144

network analyzer in the frequency range of 2- I8 GHz. The microwave absorption capabilityof nano structured LBMO have been discussed. PHP038-Effect of Cobalt Doping on the Growth, Structural, Optical,Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Single Crystals 1Paras H. Trivedi, 2Haresh K. Patel and 2Raval, K.G. 1Shree Jayendrapuri Arts & Science College, Bharuch, Gujarat, India 2Narmada College of Science & Commerce, Zadeshwar, Gujarat Email: [email protected] linear optical single crystals of pure and Cobalt doped ADP were grown by slowevaporation solution growth technique at ambient temperature. The objective of the study isto find out the influence of cobalt on the growth morphology, optical and thermalcharacteristics of the ADP single crystals. The unit cell dimensions and crystalline nature ofthe grown crystals were verified by X-ray diffraction technique. The hardness of the crystalswas determined by Vicker’s Micro hardness test. The optical nature of the grown crystals wasanalyzed using the UV-Vis spectra. Thermo gravimetric analysis shows the thermal stabilityof the grown crystals. The addition of Cobalt impurity improves the quality, yield and growthrate of the ADP crystals. The optical quality, thermal and mechanical stability showed thesuitability of the cobalt doped ADP crystals for optical applications.Keywords: ADP, Doping, Cobalt, XRD, TGA PHP039-Structure of Magnetic Fluid Vala Ajay, Bhalara Jigna, Bambhaniya Jasmita, Harshal Desai and Ashish Tanna Department of Physics, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] mechanics is a branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluid (liquid, gasesand plasma) and the force on them. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications,including mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, bio-medicalengineering geophysics, astrophysics and biology. 145

PHP040- Microcontroller Based Humidity and Temperature Measurement Systems 1Tejas Pandya and 2Vora, A.M. 1RK University, Kasturbadham, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] based humidity and temperature measurement system is used to measure thehumidity and temperature parameters according to acquire the data by sensors for the system.For that, we use PIC16F887 microcontroller 8-bit RISC machine with 8KROM, 256bytesEEPROM, operating frequency (0-20MHz), 14-channels and many more features comparedto 8051 microcontroller. Temperature sensor LM340 series is used to sense the temperaturerange from 0°C to 125°C with havingoutput voltage (5V) andthe line regulation is 0.01% ofoutput voltage, which provides thermal overload protection so that we can protect the systemby suddenly raise in the temperature due to overload. Also such system measures thehumidity by sensor SY-SH 220, which supports the many features like operating humidity inthe range of 30-90RH, temperature range of 0°C to 60 °C, accuracy ±5%RH and storagehumidity within 95% RH. Here, we are used C-programming for the microcontroller basedsystem, therefore we can easily make changes according to our requirements. Such system isapplicable in the chemical industry, vehicle tracking system, weather forecast system etc. Weare measured the temperature and humidity parameters for different environments andplacesand finally they are compared with the standard android based application such asaccuweather application. PHP041-Ferromagnetic Solids and Paramagnetic Salt Solutions Kaushal Vyas, Pritish Khanna, Divyesh Rokad and Jaydeep Prajapati RK University, Bhavnagar Highway, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) formpermanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. A Paramagnetic salt is a salt that has free 146

Paramagnetic ions. In the absence of a strong magnetic field these ions or magnetic dipolesare randomly aligned, thus giving a net value of zero for the magnetization of the salt.Keywords: Ferromagnetism, Magnets, Paramagnetic salt, Magnetization PHP042-Complex Admittance and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles 1Joshi, J.H., 1Vadhel, K.V., 1Jethva, H.O., 1Joshi, M.J. and 2Parikh, K.D. 1Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, Shri M.P.Shah Arts & Science College, Surendranagar, Gujarat Email: [email protected] metal chalcogenides are widely useful for the fabrication of the electro-chemical supercapacitors. The cobalt sulfide, a semiconductor Chalcogenide finds variety ofapplications, i.e., as a catalyst in electrochemical and photo electrochemical hydrogengeneration, in solar selective coatings, as a counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells etc.The cobalt sulfide nanoparticles are synthesised using microwave assisted co-precipitationroute. The nanorod like morphology and mix phase of Co3S4 and CoS are obtained. For theelectro – optical applications point of view, the present authors have studied the a.c.electricaland nonlinear optical properties of cobalt sulfide nanoparticles. The complex admittancestudy shows formation of the interfacial layer at electrode-electrolyte interface due to thescreening of electrons under the course of applied electrical field and the thermally activatedconduction in CoS nanoparticles. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum of powdered CoSnanoparticles is recorded in wavelength range of 200-2000 nm. The linear optical parameterslike optical conductivity (σopt) and interband transition strength (JCV) are found to beincreased due to increase of transition probability of electrons between filled valance bandand empty conduction band as the wavelength increased for CoS nanoparticles. Thenonlinear optical refractive index (n2) and nonlinear optical third order harmonic generation(χ3) are increased with wavelength due to polarization of CoS nanoparticles under the courseof electromagnetic radiation. The high polarization occurs due to the bond formation betweenlone pairs of electrons and molecule of chalcogenides nanoparticles. The results are discussedhere.Keywords: CoS nanoparticles, Complex admittance spectroscopy, Interband transitionstrength, Nonlinear optical refractive index, Third order harmonic generation 147

PHP043-Role of Finite Thickness in an Interacting Bilayer Electron System Mukesh G. Nayak Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Government College, Silvassa-396 230, U.T. of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India Email: [email protected] of finite thickness on the ground-state properties of bilayer electron system (BLES)is investigated at zero temperature and zero magnetic fields. Intralayer and interlayerproperties, such as pair-correlation function, ground-state energy, static density susceptibility,and static local-field correction factor, are studied by incorporating the quantum version ofSingwi, Tosi, Land and Sjölander (qSTLS) approach. Due to the inclusion of finite thicknessa cross-over density for the Wigner crystallization is now lowered as compared to the recentBLES with zero thickness. Further, finite thickness effect is seen to introduce a markedchange in the ground-state energy of the BLESs as compared to the results of BLES with zerothickness and spin-polarized BLES with finite thickness. Results of ground-state energies arealso compared with the recent diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) simulation study of BLES withzero thickness.Keywords: Quantum Well, Multilayer, Wigner Crystal, Charge Density Wave, Electron-electron correlation PHP044-Electronic Structure of Lead Halides using DFT Chuhadiya, S. and Ahmed, G. Department of Physics, Mewar University, Chittorgarh 312901 E-mail: [email protected] energy bands and density of states (DOS) of PbX2 (X = Cl and Br) using densityfunctional theory within linear combination of atomic orbital are presented. The electronicstructure of PbCl2 and PbBr2 have been computed using the self-consistent pseudopotentialscheme within linear combination of atomic orbitals with Kohn–Sham approximation asembodied in the CRYSTAL03 package of Torino group. The CRYSTAL03 code is a reliabletool for computing the electronic and associated ground state properties of three-dimensionalperiodic materials. The lattice parameters for the orthorhombic structure of PbCl2 (PbBr2)were taken as a = 7.608 (8.068), b = 4.525 (4.767) and c = 9.030 (9.466) Å. The energy bands 148

along with DOS for the PbBr2 and PbCl2 using PP-DFT-GGA scheme is shown in Figs. 1(a,b), respectively. From Fig. 1(a), it is seen that the bands below 5.0 eV are mainly due to Pb 6sand Br 4p orbitals. The energy bands lying between –4.0 eV and the Fermi energy levelregion is dominated by 4p states of Br and 6sp states of Pb2+. The similar conclusions can bedrawn for PbCl2 from Fig. 1(b).Fig: Energy bands and Density of states of (a) PbBr2 (b) PbCl2 149

MATHEMATICSORAL ABSTRACTS 150