NCRIS Abstract Book

factors such as habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, use of pesticides, diseases andurbanization. The cumulative impact of increased anthropogenic activities and urbanizationare immediately visible as they exert negative consequences on bee populations. Foragingshift of honey bees from mutualistic (pollinator to flower) to a non-mutualistic object(disposed tea cups) caused by human activity. In order to analyze the non-mutualistic shift ofhoney bees and their negative consequences, the time of visiting, frequency, and mortalityrate of bees were analyzed at different shops viz., tea/coffee, flower market, fruit juice andcane juice at human dominated sites, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Bee visitation data was collectedfrom 06:00 to 18:00 with 1hour time interval for six months. Number of disposed cups,height of the dust bin and the volume of residual beverage left in the cups were consideredfor accounting the bee death. The relative frequency and death rate of bees was found to becomparatively higher (332.4 ± 13.8 and 126.4 ± 19.9 respectively) from 11.00 am to 12.00pm at coffee/tea beverage bars. Multiple factors such as number of disposed paper cups, beecompetition and volume of the residual beverage in the disposed cups were found to haveinfluence on bee death. Our study reveals that the foraging shift of honey bees frommutualistic (flower) to non-mutualistic is major threat to bees population at human dominatedecosystem. In conclusion, our study provides very essential data to make policies to curtilethe bee’s mortality on human dominated ecosystem.Keywords: Honey Bee, urbanization, foraging shift, bee destruction LS004-People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) Significant Tool for the Documentation of Biodiversity 1Vivek Vegda, 2Hetal Paekh and 1Anjali Trivedi 1Department of Microbiology, RK University, Kasturbadham, Rajkot, Gujarat 2Gujarat Biodiversity Board Email:[email protected] Diversity Act was constituted in 2002 and its Rules were documented in 2004. BDAct, 2002 is based on three components viz. 1. Conservation of Biodiversity; 2. Sustainableutilization of Biodiversity and 3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of theutilization of the genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Under this Act StateBiodiversity Board has to Constituted in every state of India under the guidance of NationalBiodiversity Authority (NBA). In Gujarat, State Biodiversity Board was constituted in 2006 51

& its rules were documented in 2010. As per the guideline of the act Gujarat StateBiodiversity Board stats constituting Biodiversity Management committees (BMCs) & alsostarted preparing People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs). Agricultural, domesticated & wildbiodiversity is documented with the help of local villagers, also traditional knowledge wasrecorded. Guideline for drafting PBRs can cover whole village panchayat area with everyaspect of Biodiversity. This report or document is legal & approved by the BMC & StateBiodiversity Board.Keywords: National biodiversity authority, Biodiversity Board, BMC, PBR, Biodiversityconservation LS005-The Study of Chloramphenicol for Ophthalmic Formulation Kalpesh C. Ashara and Ketan V. Shah School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is still ‘gold standard’ for conjunctivitis in every age. However,chloramphenicol eye caps and eye drops have no satisfactory results. The objective of thestudy was to screen oil, evaluate solubility of chloramphenicol in them for ophthalmicformulation. Spectrum and calibration curve of chloramphenicol was prepared. Oils weresubjected to scan between 200–400 nm. Those solutions had no absorbance was consideredfor equilibrium solubility study. The solubility of chloramphenicol was evaluated in differentshortlisted oils by equilibrium solubility study. One-way ANOVA following Tukey-Kramermultiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis. Absorbance maximum ofchloramphenicol was found to be 274 nm in methanol. Chloramphenicol was exhibitedlinearity in the range of 10–35 µG/mL of methanol. Neem oil, heavy liquid paraffin, lightliquid paraffin, olive oil, isopropyl myristate, peppermint oil, oleic acid, mogra oil, menthaoil, isopropyl palmitate, and triacetin were selected for equilibrium solubility studies. Oilshad significantly less solubility of chloramphenicol than water. Use of oil and water bothphases i.e. emulsion or emulgel of chloramphenicol could be an appropriate formulation forthe ophthalmic administration.Keywords: Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Solubility; Oil phase; Ophthalmic formulation. 52

LS006-Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites and Osmotica in Different Parts of Tagetes erecta L. and its Ecophysiological Relevance Rayees Ahmad Mir, Surendra Argal and R.M. Agarwal School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior - 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] field experiment was conducted to study the quantitative analysis of differentphytochemical and osmotic constituents of 30 days old seedlings of African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) cultivar Pusa Narangi Gainda. Different parts of Tagetes erecta L. exhibitconsiderable variation in phytochemicals and antioxidant components (phenols, tannins,phytic acid, flavonoid) and osmolytes (free sugars, free amino acids, free proline andpotassium). Leaves showed higher contents of phenols, tannins, phytic acid and flavonoidsfollowed by stem and root. Greater concentration of free amino acids and free proline wasfound in leaves as compared to stem and root whereas; free sugars were more in stem andstarch was maximum in leaves. Potassium and nitrogen were greater in leaves as compared tostem and root. On the other hand, higher concentration of sodium was restricted to roots.Higher contents of above reported secondary metabolites and osmotica probably help to withstand the extreme environmental conditions and the medicinal value of Tagetes erecta L. maypartly be attributed to phenolic compounds.Keywords: Tagetes erecta L., Secondary metabolites, Osmolytes. LS007-Analysis of Allelopathic and Osmotic Constituents of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC 1Surendra Argal, 2RP Singh and 1RM Agarwal 1School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior - 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Government PG College, Morena - 476001, Madhya Pradesh, India Email id: [email protected] metabolites like phenols, tannins and phytic acid synthesised by plants have beenassociated with a variety of biological activities including allelopathy. Allelopathy is anatural phenomenon in which an organism produces biochemical compounds influencinggrowth, development and reproduction of other organisms. Present report evaluates thephytochemical and osmotic constituents in different parts like leaf, stem, root, bark, pod and 53

seeds of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. which is commonly known as Vilayati babool in India.Total phenols were maximum in bark; tannins in roots; phytic acid and total flavonoids inleaf. These phytochemical constituents present in Prosopis juliflora may have allelopathicimpact on the plants growing in its vicinity. Allelopathy constituents of natural origin may bea better substitute for synthetic herbicides and pesticides for controlling weeds. Pods containhigher amount of osmotic constituents like free sugars, and free amino acid whereas, leafcontains greater amount of free proline. Osmolytes have crucial function in protecting sub-cellular structures through osmotic adjustment and scavenging reactive oxygen species.Keywords: Allelopathy, Secondary metabolites and osmolytes. LS008-PI3K/AKT Pathway and its Role in OSCC Development Sejal Shah Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] cancer (OC), especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an anatomical andclinical subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is prevalent in regionswhere tobacco consumption is common. Annually 3,00,373 new OSCC cases enrolled and1,45,353 deaths occur worldwide. It is one of the most common cancers arising in the oralcavity from potentially malignant disorders. The prognosis of OSCC remains dismal becausemost of the patients die or complications within five years of conventional therapies. InIndian cohort, an upsurge in OSCC patients has been observed, mainly due to various formsof industrialised tobacco usage, distressing younger generation more rampantly. Focus on themolecular characterization of these OSCC tumors would facilitate the development of moreselective anticancer drugs based on the targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to the tumormicroenvironment. There are numbers of the pathways deregulated in cancer such asNOTCH pathway, STAT1 pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, etc., which have beenreported as useful and potentially targetable diagnostic and prognostic molecular tools.Exploration of PI3K/AKT pathway and the genes involved in the pathway would facilitatethe selection of drug therapy. The findings would open new vistas for a research of therapiesfor the Indian population.As this is the era of personalized medicine, the study of the genes involved inthePI3K/AKTpathway is warranted for personalize therapy. The oncogenic mutations of the helical domain 54

and kinase domain of the PIK3CAgene and ATP binding pocket of tyrosine kinase domain ofthe EGFR gene were found sensitive or resistance to kinase inhibitors in another population.Patient harbouring such type of mutation may be treated with combination therapy withkinase inhibitors instead of conventional routine treatment for their better prognosis.Keywords: OSCC, Tobacco, PI3K, AKT LS009-Bacillus xiamenesis S5, A Novel Salt-Tolerant Rhizospheric Bacterium Improves Growth of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under Salt Stress Kalpna D. Rakholiya1, Satya P. Singh1, Mital J. Kaneria1, V. D. Vora2 1Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot – 360005, Gujarat2Main Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Rajkot)- 360003, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] of an effective plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculantnecessitates a diverse set of traits that can help its colonization in the rhizosphere and survivalunder varying environmental conditions. The PGP ability of the bacterial isolate S5 wasevaluate for biofertilisation (phosphate solubilization and ammonia production),biostimulation [indole acetic acid (IAA) production] and bio-control (HCN production,hydrolytic enzyme production and antagonistic effects) activities. The efficacy in augmentingsalt tolerance in pearl millet under NaCl stress (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM). Isolate S5 fromthe rhizosphere of pearl millet grew at up to 15% NaCl (w/v) and displayed specific PGPRtraits, such as the production of IAA, siderophore, ammonia, HCN, P-solubilisation,hydrolytic enzyme production and their bio-control efficiency. Characterization of this isolateusing polyphasic approaches involving both phenotypic and genotypic attributes led to itsidentification and designation as Bacillus xiamenesis S5. Bacillus xiamenesis S5 appears aseffective PGPR inoculants as it possesses a number of traits useful in establishment andproliferation in saline regions. Further studies on its pot trail applications are in progress. 55

LS010-Study on the Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Paddy Growth 1Kopperundevi, K., 1Noorjahan, A., 1Anantharaman, P., 1Aiyamperumal, B., 2Karruppiah, V., and 2Latha, K. 1Faculty of Marine sciences, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India 2T. Stanes & Company Limited, Coimbatore-641018 Email:[email protected] liquid extracts are used as biostumulants or biofertilizers to increase plant growth inturn resulting in the yield of the crop. Seaweeds also enhance the physical, chemical, andbiological properties of soil, thus influencing the plant growth. The present study aims todetermine the plant growth promotion using different seaweed extracts on Swarna SUB1paddy. The seaweed liquid extract is prepared in the ratio of 1:20 (W/V) using five differentseaweeds such as Jania rubens, Turbinaria ornata, Halimeda opuntia, Chaetomorphaspiralis and Sargasssum wightii. 25% of Seaweed extracts is used to soak the seeds and alsosprayed into the rice plants during vegetative stages for three weeks. The growth parameterssuch as root length, shoot length and number of leaves were measured to evaluate the plantgrowth promotion. The results revealed that the plant growth was enhanced by the fourseaweed extracts of Turbinaria ornata, Halimeda opuntia, Sargassum wightii and Janiarubens. However, all the above selected seaweed extracts exhibit the antifungal activityagainst the plant pathogen Macrophomina sp.Keywords: Paddy, Seaweed extract, Plant growth promotion, biostimulant LS011-Abundance of Coastal Birds at the Coast of Bhavnagar, Gulf of Khambhat 1Parekh, H.M., 2Vivek Vegda and 3Gadhvi, I.R. 1Gujarat Biodiversity Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2School of Science, RK University, Rajkot Gujarat, India 3Department of Marine Sciences, M. K. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar - 364002. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] lists of globally threatened bird species (BirdLife International 2000) or of species ofconservation concern in individual continents, countries or regions (Carter et al. 2000; 56

Gregory et al. 2002; www.partnersinflight.org), are based largely on information onpopulation size. In addition, surveys can be used to collect information on where birds are inrelation to different habitats, and so assess habitat associations. Bhavnagar district is inSaurashtra region also known as Kathiawad, a part of Gujarat. The present study wasconducted to know the status of coastal bird diversity on the coastal area of Bhavnagar duringAugust 2009 to May 2010. The arrival of Coastal migratory birds starts, in late August and byOctober most of the winter, migratory bird has found arrived in Bhavnagar. We selected sixdifferent sites on the coast of Bhavnagar for the present study, each site has uniquecharacteristic and they differ from each other. Total 31 Families are abundant on the coast ofBhavnagar. LS012-Status of Gastropod Diversity from Modhva Coast of Kachchh District, Gujarat 1Bhatt Parth, P, 2Sindhi Farhankhan, M. and 3Thivakaran, G.A. 1,2Department of Earth and Environment Science, Kachchh University, Bhuj, Gujarat 3Gujarat Institute for Desert Ecology, Bhuj, Gujarat Email:[email protected] mollusca is an extraordinary varied phyllum with estimates of 80,000 – 1,00,000described species and total diversity possible as high as 2,00,000. They are second only toarthropods in species richness. India has a total heritageof 3271 species of molluscasbelonging to 220 families and 591 genera, including about 1900 species of gastropods(Appukattan, 1996). The present paper deals with the diversity status of gastropods species atselected study site. A random sampling method was carried out for the estimation ofgastropods at all three level ie. low tide, medium tide and high tide areas of study sites.Total17 species of gastropods were recorded from low tide while 10 & 11 species of gastropodswere recorded from middle tide and high tide respectively. An extensive field study wascarried out between Nov. 2016 to Feb. 2017.Keywords: Mollusca, Gastropod, diversity. 57

LS013-Bacterial Decolorization of Textile Dye - Reactive Red Sagarkumar Joshi Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] textile dye industries consume a substantial amount of water and produce an expansiveamount of waste which is contaminated by dyes like reactive dyes, azo dyes, many types ofaerosols and much more non-degradable waste materials. The toxic effects of dyestuff andother organic compounds from modern effluents are harsh on human beings and also forregular habitat. Currently, most of the available dyes are aromatic and heterocycliccompounds with complex functional groups that can be converted into aromatic amineswhich are proved to be carcinogenic. In this research work, bacterial strains which areproficient to decolorize the commercial dye–reactive red were screened out from the soilsamples collected from adjacent territories of the textile industry. The dye decolorization wasanalyzed using photometric analysis. Selected bacterial isolates were enriched in Nutrient-broth medium containing reactive red dye with a concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 6 underthe aerobic static condition at room temperature for 4-5 days. The amount of dye decolorizedwas measured at ƛmax 680 nm. Bacterial isolates screened out in this work, giving proficientdecolorization and are capable of showing the usefulness for possible commercialapplications.Keywords: Decolorization, Reactive dye, Bioremediation, Bacterial-decolorization,Biological treatment. LS014-Salt-Tolerant Rhizospheric Bacillus sp. M124 from Pearl millet: A Potent Biocontrol Agent Sneha H. Vaishnav, Kalpna D. Rakholiya, Satya P. Singh, Mital J. Kaneria Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance the plant growth by direct and indirectmechanisms and reduce the harmful effects of plant pathogens. Bacillus sp. M124 isolatedfrom the rhizospheric soil of pearl millet from Morbi district, Gujarat, India. This study was 58

carried out to evaluate the efficacy of isolate M124 for their seed germination assay and invitro biocontrol activity against four plant pathogens viz. Rhizoctonia sp., A. flavus,Alternaria sp. and Fusarium species. Isolate M124 from the rhizosphere of pearl millet grewat up to 15% NaCl (w/v) and displayed studied hydrolytic enzyme production and showedvaried level of bio-control efficiency. The highest percentage of inhibition (89%) was foundagainst A. flavus at 48 hours. All the physiological parameters were increase with M124isolates as compared to control 7 days after sowing. The results validate the Bacillus sp.M124 could be use in suppression of phyto-pathogens for the development of eco-friendlysustainable agriculture. Further studies on its secondary metabolites productions responsiblefor antifungal activity are in progress.Keywords: Plant pathogens, Bacillus sp., salt tolerant, Bio-control activity, hydrolyticenzyme production, Mung bean LS015-Benign Approach of Albizia saman as Bioinhibitor: Assessing their Anticorrosive activity on Constructional Materials in Acidic media 1Thiruppathiraja, B., 2Padmavathy, S., 1Umapathi, D and 1Bhuvaneshwari, D.S. 1PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai – 625009, India 2Department of Zoology & Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai – 625009, India Email: [email protected] saman leaves extract (ASLE) was studied for its potential corrosion preventionproperties on the mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium using gravimetric analysis (Mass lossmeasurement), potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PPM), electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV- Vis). The effect oftemperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 308 to 333K.Result of temperature studies reveals that the inhibition efficiency decreases with increase intemperature and found to increase with increase in the concentration of extract. Themaximum inhibition efficiency is observed at 1 ml concentration of ASLE at all temperaturesstudied. At 313 K, the maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% is observed. Polarizationcurves indicate that ASLE is a mixed type inhibitor. Impedance study reveals that an increasein ASLE concentration increases the charge transfer resistance and decreases double layercapacitance. The adsorption process obeys Langmuir’s model with a standard free energy of 59

adsorption, ∆Gads = -1.76 kJmol-1. The attained outcomes indicate that the ASLE can exploitas a looming inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acerbic ambience.Keywords: Polarization measurements, charge transfer resistance, double layer capacitance,sulphuric acidLS016-Screening of in-vitro Anticancer Activity of Indian Medicinal PlantsClitoria ternatea, Solanum nigrum and Nigella sativa against human cell line A549 Ayantika Das and Jigna Desai Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] present study was aimed to evaluate anticancer activity of Indian medicinal plantsClitoria ternatea (CT), Solanum nigrum (SN) and Nigella sativa (NS) against human cell lineA549. To determine anticancer activity of the plants, various Cytotoxicity Assays i.e. MTT,SRB, and Cell viability were performed. To determine Apoptosis-Cell Morphology wasperformed; to measure Metastasis- Wound healing was performed and data were analysedstatistically. In MTT assay percentage growth inhibition of the sample on cells was found andNS (250µg/ml) was the most significant as compare to others. In SRB assay percentagegrowth inhibition of the sample on cells was found and CT (500µg/ml) was the mostsignificant among all other significant values. On performing Cell viability assay, thepercentage viability of the cells treated with samples NS (500µg/ml) was found to be mostsignificant among all other significant values.SN high dose (500µg/ml) showed the mostsignificant result where the migration of cells is least while other samples results to decreasedmigration of cells as compared to Control. The results obtained in this present study clearlyindicated that all three plants CT, SN and NS show anti-cancerous activity. Among thesethree plants NS showed the most satisfactory result as compared to other two plants on cellline and the present findings strengthen the potential of the selected plants as a resource forthe discovery of novel anticancer, agents.Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Anticancer activity, Medicinal plants, A549 60

LS017-Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Boswellia serrata Gum Ravi V. Viradiya and Jigna G. TankUGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] serrata known as Salai Guggad is a valued herb in Ayurveda to treat the variousailment. Oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata is used for the treatment of various ailmentslike dysentery, dyspepsia, lung diseases and urinary disorders. Present research work wasaimed to check the traditional knowledge of Becharbhai F. Patel regarding the potential ofgum resin fumes for its larvicidal properties. The current study involves isolation andcharacterization of bioactive compounds from Boswellia serrata gum using standardextraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. Presence of compounds such as 24-Noroleana-3,12-diene, 24-Noroleana-3,12-diene, α-Amyrin, thunbergol and 2-Myristynoylpantetheine that confirmed the potential of Boswellia serrata gum in larvicidal activity.LS018-Antioxidant Potential of Selected Fruit and Vegetable Waste 1Urvi Gupta and 2Hitesh A. Solanki 1Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Teacher Education, Gandhinagar 2Professor, Department of Botany, School of Sciences, Gujarat University Email id: [email protected] parts of vegetable and fruit are not considered useful. Non edible parts, such as peels andseeds are generally thrown away as waste material. But, nature has not created any waste andif this waste can be investigated for some useful purpose it will be beneficial for the society.The present investigation was undertaken to appraise the antioxidant properties of fruit andvegetable parts which are normally considered as waste. For the study six fruit and vegetablewaste viz. Onion, Orange, Pomegranate, Jackfruit peel and Mango, Jamun seeds wereselected. Radical attenuating abilities of selected peel and seed extracts were ascertainedthrough different assays viz. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay,Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, Reducing powerassay, Total Antioxidant capacity. The IC-50 value of each extract was compared with 61

standards ascorbic acid and tannic acid. The remarkable antioxidant activity of the wastesindicated that they are also an important source of antioxidants.Keywords: Antioxidants, fruit and vegetable waste, DPPH LS019-According to Piaget's Theory, Different Conditions of MentalDevelopment, those Characteristics of the Condition and the Psychological Help of those Students Manishkumar Natvarlal Pandya District Institute of Education and Training, Opp Swaminarayan Gurukul, Nr. Bus Station, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected]’s considers the four major stages of mental development. The basis of these situationsis the process of mental development. As the age progress the child changes. Due to thesegradual changes, mental development reaches adulthood. Piaget has divided this developmentinto four states.(1) Condition of sensory and physical activities: This condition is from birth to two years.By six or eight months of birth, the child is conscious of its own senses. This phase is a phaseof sensitization and physical activity.(2) Pre-processed condition: This is the second phase of mental development. For whichtwo to seven years of age are indicated. This condition is the starting point of logicalthinking. Thus this condition is a pre-processed state.(3) Tangible-working conditions: This is the third stage of mental development. For whichthe age of seven to eleven years is specified. Children in this situation can reasonably thinkabout physical and visual things, this condition is called a tangible state.(4) Formal-intensive procession states: This is the fourth stage of mental development,which is achieved by eleven years of adulthood. Generally, the use of symbols, signs etc. inthis condition increases the use of education. People of this state have the power ofimagination.Mental development traits of secondary school students: Secondary school students arebetween twelve and fifteen years of age. Students in the period (1) intellectual development,(2) development of values, (3) longing for independence, (4) concurrent friend, (5) sexualattraction and sexual behavior and (6) ego concentration are found prominently. Due to the 62

special physical and mental changes in this stage of age, there is a special need ofpsychological help from secondary school students. LS020-Bioprospecting of Exopolysaccharide for the Amelioration of Soil Quality Ashwini Trivedi and Kaushik Singha Roy Faculty of Engineering Marwadi Education, Foundation Group of Institutions, Rajkot, Gujarat Email: [email protected] stress limits the growth and productivity of crops particularly in arid and semi-aridareas causing the most fatal economic losses in agriculture. Rhizobacterial population ofstressed soil is adopted and tolerant to stress and can be screened for isolation of efficientstress adaptive/tolerant, plant growth in stressed ecosystem. The material properties ofexopolysaccharides have revolutionized and bought lot of improvement in crop production.The biofilm layer of exopolysaccharides is formed on the roots. As compared to uninoculatedseedling, inoculated seedling showed significantly lower activities of antioxidants.Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are a complex mixture of high molecular weight polymerssecreted by micro-organisms into the environment in response to some physiological stressessuch as heavy metals, pollutants, osmotic stress. In addition to carbohydrates and proteins;some EPS, from various matrixes of activated sludge, contain lipids, nucleic acids, uronicacids and some inorganic components. The ability of the microbes to bind cations is normallyassociated with the carboxyl, sulfhydryl, hydroxyl and phosphoryl groups of the EPS to bindions. Increasing the population of EPS-producing bacteria in root zones should mitigatemoisture or pollution stress in soil system. Therefore, exopolysaccharides substance could bea suitable option for the removal of pollutants from soil system as well could retain moisturein the soil system to mitigate drought stress.Keywords: Exopolysaccharides, rhizosphere, microorganisms, soil quality, moisture stress 63

LS021-Studies on Antagonistic Activity of Actinomycetes Isolated from Soil Samples 1Padmavathy, S., 1Asha Devi, N.K. and 2Bhuvaneshwari, D.S. 1Department of Zoology & Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Email: [email protected] discovery of novel antimicrobial agents is a worldwide concern due to the emergence ofmultiple drug resistant strains. Soil is a diverse medium in which one can find an immensemicrobial diversity. The majority of the commercially available antibiotics have obtainedfrom soil microbial inhabitants. Actinomycetes are best known for their ability to produceantibiotics. It is anticipated that the isolation, characterization and the study on actinomycetescan be useful in the discovery of antibiotics. A good number of isolates were obtained fromthe different soil samples collected. 37 isolates were obtained from sample collected from inand around Madurai. Of the 37 isolates screened so far, 30 of them show antimicrobialactivity against one or more of the test pathogens. 26 isolates showed good antimicrobialactivity during secondary screening. Five actinomycetes strain of SA1, SA4, SA12, SA13 andSA14 showed antagonistic activity only against Gram-negative organism of E.coli. Fourstrains of SA3, SA10, SA24 and SA30 revealed antibacterial activity against Gram positiveorganism of Streptococcus mutans. Actinomycete samples of SA7 and SA26 exhibitedantibacterial activity against one tested organism of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillussubtilis respectively. Only 2 isolates of SA18 and SA28 showed antifungal activity againstAspergillus niger. Among these bioactive isolates, SA5, SA17, SA18, SA21 and SA28show inhibition zone of 20 mm or above. The isolate exhibiting broad spectrum ofactivity are SA18 and SA28. The study revealed that this SA28 is a promising strain forantibiotic production not only by showing broad-spectrum activity, it also revealed more than14 mm zone of inhibition in diameter. The FTIR spectrum of SA28 fermentation brothexhibited absorption at 3431.13 cm-1, 2088.76 cm-1 1639.38 ,1311.5 cm-1, 1085.85 cm-1and989.41. These bands correspond to the amide and the study revealed that this actinomycetescolony SA28 is a promising strain for antibiotic production.Keywords: actinomycetes, agar well diffusion method, antimicrobial activity, antagonism,pathogenic microorganisms 64

LS022-Transcriptome Profiling of Chickpea With Relation to Wilt Disease to Improve Agronomical Traits Jasminkumar V. Kheni Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] (Cicer arietinum L.) an ancient crop of modern times. It’s a self-pollinating diploid(2n=2x=16) crop with an available draft genome size of 740 Mbp, is the world’s third mostimportant food legume. In chickpea biotic and abiotic stresses affects the quality andproduction. Here, we applied transcriptome approach to reveal wilt disease (Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. ciceri) resistance in chickpea. Two chickpea genotypes were taken againstwilt disease leading to the identification of WR-315 and JG-62 as the most resistant andsusceptible genotypes, respectively. Transcriptional changes were more interesting at 10 dayafter inoculation (dai), suggesting that this infection stage is essential to study the resistancemechanisms. To study the transcriptome of chickpeas, the de novo and reference basedassemblies were prepared from RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes wereidentified including WRKY transcriptional factors, MPK cascades, cytochrome P450 genes,HSPs, and MAP kinases were up-regulated in the resistant genotype. The expressions of EDRgenes cause notable changes in wilt resistant chickpeas. Final involvement of pathogenesisrelated genes like PR1, PR4, MLO1, MLO14, SIX, TLP are principally involved in plantdefense mechanism. Here, MLO proteins show higher regulation up to 20 folds in wiltresistant genotypes. Thus we considered these genes played ultimate role in plant defense.Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses detected in WR-315 GO terms specific to responseto response to chitin, jasmonic acid biosynthetic process, and plant-type hypersensitiveresponse. The chickpea transcriptome during wilt infection provides important keymechanism towards biotic stress regulation for important agronomic values.Keywords: Transcriptome, RNA Sequencing, Fusarium wilt, Differential gene expression 65

LS023-Growth Performance of Two Accessions of Stevia at Field Trial and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis 1Pooja K. Padhiyar, 2Mayuri C. Rathod, 3Udutha J. and 3Mali S.C. 1Bhagwan Mahavir College of Science and Technology, Biotechnology Department, Vesu, Surat, Gujarat, India2Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmada South Gujarat Univeristy, Surat, Gujarat, India 3Main Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] rebaudiana is perennial herb belongs to the Asteraceae family. Cases of obesity,diabetes, teeth problem, and hypertension have been increased amongst people due to modernlifestyle and imbalanced diet worldwide. This plant is rich in sweetness with non-caloric andtherapeutic value. Stevioside is the compound that is 300 times sweeter than sugar. This canbe used in various food items instead of sugar. Present study has been carried out to establishand cultivate stevia plants at commercial level and field level, which can be boon forconsumers, farmers and industrial person in Gujarat. Field trial for this study was carried outat Main Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari. Various soilamendments were tried for two accessions. Amongst both accessions treatment T6 (Soil +sand + cocopeat + vermicompost 1:1:1:1) showed best for different growth parameters.Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by standard method, which shows thepresent of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoid etc. HPLC analysis ofstevioside content was recorded.Keywords: Growth Parameters, Accessions, Phytochemical Compound 66

LIFE SCIENCEPOSTER ABSTRACTS 67

LSP001-Callus Induction of Ailanthus excelsa RoxB. - A Multipurpose Tree Dhaval Patel and M Nataraj P G Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] excelsa RoxB popularly known as “Arduso” in Gujarati. This plant is known for itsayurvedic, pharmaceutical and pharmacological importance. It belongs to the Simaroubaceaefamily. It's anticancerous, antiviral, antimalarial, antileukemic, antifeedant, hepatoprotectiveand antianesthetic properties were reviewed extensively, which proves its name as “Tree ofHeaven”. It is a fast growing tree, however, poor competitiveness and lack proper cloningtechniques; micropropagation proficiency become a prime necessity. Here an attempt wasmade to established callus culture from various explants in two different medium named asMurashige-Skoog Medium (MS medium) and Woody plant medium (WPM) supplementedwith growth regulators. MS medium with half strength of mineral salts, MS medium with thefull strength of mineral salts with silver nitrate as well as ascorbic acid and citric acid andWPM without silver nitrate, along with different auxin and/or cytokine concentration werechecked for callus induction. Among the different explants used, rachis with a base of petioleand internodes responded well in the medium supplemented with picloram (1mg/L) and 6-benzyl amino purine –BAP- (1 mg/L) as well as naphthalic acetic acid -NAA- (1 mg/L).From 10 days browning of callus could be prevented by a supplemented medium with silvernitrate. Further maintenance required frequent subculturing. Ascorbic acid and citric acid wasalso used as an alternative to silver nitrate. Media supplemented with ascorbic acid and citricacid at a concentration of 1mg/L and 1.5mg/L respectively found effective to keep the callusviable even after a month. LSP002-Limnological Analysis of Barda Bandharan Wetland: To understand effect of Physicochemical parameters on Plankton and Microbial Diversity 1Chavada Nikul and 2Mehul Dave 1Mahila Arts and Science College-Kidivav, Simar, Gujarat 68

Department of Life science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Junagadh, Gujarat Email: [email protected] refers to systematic study of plankton and their biodiversity in water eco-system,its play important role in maintain water ecosystem. Wetland ecosystems are the mostproductive ecosystems in the biosphere. Its supports the growth of biodiversity and Maintainit limnology study on wetland water gives idea about physical and chemical properties ofwater with their relationship among ecosystem. Which significantly contribute towardssuccession and dynamics of zooplankton and fish. Phytoplankton is the main producers of anaquatic ecosystem which control the biological productivity. Where microorganisms playimportant roll in degrade complex organic compound to simple compound .its maintainbiogeochemical cycle in water body.In present study we investigated impact of Physicochemical Parameters on plankton diversityand microbial concentration during Pre, Middle and post winter season 2016-17 at BardaBandharan (Temporary wetland) near Barda Village, KodinarKeywords: Limnology, Physico-chemical Analysis, Plankton Diversity LSP003-Aloe Vera a Miracle Plant - A Review Vekariya Janvi and Khunt Hina Well Known College of Computer Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] vera is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the most applied medicinal plantworldwide. Extracts of Aloe vera is a proven skin healer. Aloe vera help to soothe skininjuries affected by burning, skin irritation, cuts and insect bites and its bactericidal propertiesrelieve itching and skin swelling. It is known to help slow down the appearance of wrinklesand actively repair the damaged skin cells that cause the visible signs of ageing. Aloe is apowerful detoxifier, antiseptic and tonic for the nervous system. It also has immune-boostingand antiviral properties. Research has proven that adding Aloe vera to one's diet improvesdigestion. As a general health tonic. Aloe vera is a useful source of vitamins. Aloe vera gelcontains a large range of vitamins-even vitamin B12, vitamin A, contains B - group vitamins,vitamins C, vitamin E and folic acid. Aloe vera gel contains important ingredients including19 of the 20 amino acids needed by the human body and seven of eight essential ones that 69

just cannot be made. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant and due to its extensive medicinal,nutraceutical and other uses, it's enjoying a great demand in the market across the globe. Themajor markets for aloe vera and its extracts are Australia, US and entire Europe. Given theexponentially growing demand for it in the international market, Aloe vera presents the finestcommercial opportunity among the various medicinal plants. India is among the few country-es gifted with the unique geographical features essential for the cultivation of Aloe vera andother high potential medicinal plants.LSP004-Fungal Solid State Fermentation for Cellulase Production and it’s Optimization Berani Jayshree and Amipara Rupali Well Known College of Computer Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] reaction is called “enzyme”. In tropical zones in the world, ruminants depend onyear –round grazing on natural pastures or the animals are fed with cut grass and cropresidues. The calculated utilization of rice straw for animal feed in south East Asia, includingchina and mongolia, was 30-40% of the total rice straw production. Lignocellulosic materialsconsist of 40-60% cellulose, 20-30% hemicelluloses and 15-30% lignin. To hydrolyze β 1, 4-glycosidic linkage in the plant cell wall, cellulase which consists of endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase and β-glucosidase, plays a key role. Cellulose is most common abundant,renewable biopolymer on earth and domestic waste materials from agriculture representingabout 1.5 × 1012 tons of the total annual biomass production through photosynthesis in thetopics. The main objectives of the study were screening, optimization and cellulaseproduction of from potent fungi, 32 previously isolated fungi were further purified andstudied. Among the total 32 isolates, four potent fungi were evaluated by plate assay methodin CMC agar plate. In the present study, cellulose containing substrates such as sorghumstraw, wheat straw, paddy straw, rice bran, DORB, and groundnut gottus were used assubstrates for four best isolates. Among all substrates, wheat straw and paddy straw were bestsubstrate for cellulase production in ssf for J3 Mz, 17 s fungal isolates. Both gave betterenzyme production with wheat straw and paddy straw as substrate. To enhance cellulaseenzyme production, effects of various parameters such as ph, moisture content, temperatureand carbohydrate sources were studied. Isolate J3 Mz showed higher enzyme production on 70

wheat straw followed by paddy straw. The CMCase and FPase activities on wheat straw andpaddy straw are (453.2 u/g, 165.69 u/g and 480.83 u/g, 207.92 u/g) respectively after 120 h.In the study on effect of the carbohydrate sources on CMCase and FPase production in wheatstraw isolate 17 s gave a highest enzyme activity in maltose and J3 Mz with glucose. In paddystraw both fungal isolates showed highest enzyme activity in glucose. In our study weobserved that the both potent fungal isolates gave a maximum enzyme production on wheatstraw followed by paddy straw as substrate at pH 5.5, temperature 28 oC, moisture content70%, maltose and glucose as carbohydrate source. LSP005-Alteration of Fertility Parameters in Hyperandrogenic Rodent Model during Implantation Window Jyoti Solanki Anand Mercantile College of Computer Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] pregnancy loss is caused by poor endometrial receptivity. Implantation window is abidirectional signalling event between the fertile embryo and receptive endometrium, wherefertile blastocyte implanted in to endometrial linage. It is the decisive duration for persistenceof pregnancy. Receptivity of endometrium depends on rhythmic correlation betweencirculatory steroid hormones and certain important enzyme activities. Hyperandrogenicenvironment has been attributed to abnormal in utero development of fetus. In present studyfertility parameters were evaluated in letrozole induced hyperandrogenic rodent model. Forthe study, the implanted site from letrozole induces rat was removed and analyzed forphysical as well as important biochemical parameters during implantation window. Resultsshowed that treated rodent model testosterone level was increased while estrogen andprogesterone level was decreased. Alteration in physical parameters includes increase in bodyweight, prolong implantation time and increase resorption site compare to untreated rodentmodel. Activities of enzyme-like alkaline phosphatase, Cathepsin and matrixmetalloproteases were reduced. It indicates that poor endometrial receptivity duringimplantation window leads to early pregnancy loss. 71

LSP006-Biodegradation of Reactive Dyes Berani Lalita and Bodar Poonam Well Known College of Computer Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] areas of the city are contaminated with the dyes, from the effluent released from thevarious industries. Such contamination of soil affects soil fertility, texture, microbial floraand, this contaminates the water bodies and underground water supplies which may lead todangerous health hazards. So, soil samples from the kukavav amreli were Collected whichwere heavily contaminated with the dyes from the nearby industries. Different soil sampleswere studied for the desired bacterial flora that could remove these Dyes. It was observed thatBacillus isolated from the selected bacteria was found to be more efficient for discolourationof remozole red and R.T.blue dye within seven dyes of Incubation nutrient broth containing15µg/30ml was completely decolourized in the presence of inoculated culture. LSP007-Isolation and Screening of Antimicrobial Actinomycetes from the Soil Surrounding Different Medicinal Plants of Saurashtra with Future Scope to Produce Antimicrobial Compounds Therefrom 1Ram Darshit and 2Devang Pandya 1Noble Pharmacy College, Junagadh, Gujarat, India 2School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] need for new and useful compounds to provide assistance and relief in all aspects of thehuman condition is ever growing. The screening approach has been employed extensively inthe search for microorganism capable of producing useful antibiotics. Actinomycetes havethe capability to synthesize many different biologically active secondary metabolites. Theobject behind this research is isolation and screening of Actinomycetes producing a newuseful antimicrobial compound which may cause the death of the microbes which has beengot resistance. In our study, we have selected 11 medicinal plants from 3 regions ofSaurashtra. Soil sample collected from microflora part up to 20 cm depth of soil, dilutedsamples up to 106. 3 types of media used for isolation of soil samples and make a purecolony of actinomycetes. Colonies of actinomycetes were selected then the color of Aerial 72

mycelium and vegetative mycelium (reverse side) was studied. Coverslip cultures of isolateswere prepared on ISP media and morphological characteristics studied. Out of 66 isolates, 58isolates were identified up to generic level. For primary screening for an antimicrobialactivity, we used cross streak method. It was found that out of 66 isolates 45 (68.2 %) isolateswere showing activity against test microbes and 21 (31.8 %) isolates not showing anyactivity. it was concluded that actinomycetes isolates from different soil samples aroundmedicinal plant area of Saurashtra region are a good source to produce antimicrobialcompounds and other second metabolites.LSP008-Localization and characterization of secondary metabolites in stem tissue of Prosophis julifera and Prosophis cineraria Pravina M. Zala, Rohan V. Pandya and Jigna G. TankUGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] present studies, an attempt was done to identify the fluorophores present in secondarymetabolites of plants. To achieve this objective two arid zone plants (Prosophis julifera andProsophis cineraria) of Fabaceae family were selected. Secondary metabolites (alkaloids,tannins, coumarins and lignins) present in stem tissue were localized using stainingtechniques in light microscopy. Endogenous fluorophores present along with these secondarymetabolites were localized in stem tissue of both the plants using fluorescent microscopy.Comparative analysis of images from light microscopy and fluorescent microscopy suggestedthe presence of each secondary metabolite in the specific layer of plant tissue. Further,Acetone, methanol, toluene and chloroform extract of both the plants were taken for GC-MSanalysis, which proved the presence of these secondary metabolites in plant species.LSP009-Macropropagation of Vigna unguiculata in cellulose sponge based hydroponic system Kuldeep Shekhaliya, Rohan V. Pandya and Jigna G. TankUGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 73

The excessive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices has resultedin alteration of soil pH and the decrease in soil fertility. Growth and development of healthyand high yield plants are difficult in less fertile and polluted soils. Therefore, researchers havedeveloped soilless macro propagation methods which can increase growth and yield of plantsin controlled environmental conditions. Soilless macro propagation involves the use of thedesired nutrient solution for development of plants and a supporting medium. In presentstudies, an attempt was made to optimise growth of Vigna unguiculata plants in cellulose-based sponge as supporting medium. Nutrient medium used for growth of plants was ¼strength MS media. Influence of different hormones (GA, IAA and BAP) on the growth ofplants at morphological, anatomical and cellular level was studied. LSP010-Production and Recovery of Citric Acid from Halophilic Aspergillus species Isolated from the Gulf of Khambhat Joshi Vidisha and Tejura Alpa Department of Microbiology, Well Known College of Computer Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] are the organisms that can grow under extreme environmental conditions.Recently these organisms, especially fungi have attracted for its great potential to tolerateextreme conditions. One such important organic compounds product is citric acid (C6H8O7)which can be produced using extremophilic fungal cultures. The aim of the present study wasto evaluate the potential of halophilic fungi for the production and recovery of citric acid. Inthe present study, we have isolated 10 fungal cultures with the potential of producing citricacid and they were identified based on the zone of citric acid production on the czepex doxagar plate. The culture designated at C10-1 and identified as Aspergillus spp. Was proved as abest citric acid producer using the medium (g/l): sucrose, 140 g; MgSO4, 0.23 g; KH2PO4, 1.0g; (NH4)2SO4, 2.3 g; yeast extract, 0.5 g; D/W, 1000 ml at pH 6.5. Under the optimizedcondition (KH2PO4, 0.3 %; sucrose, 20%; yeast extract, 1.5 %; and pH, 5.0) maximum citricacid production and recovery was 2.57 g/l. 74

LSP011-Production of Bio Diesel from Algae 1Morsana Dip Jitendra bhai and 2Gadhiya Urvi Vinodbhai 1Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Jodhpar, Nadi 2Saurashtara University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] has gained much attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly nature, non-toxiccharacteristics, biodegradability and lower net carbon cycle compared to conventional dieselfuels. In the current study, potential algal species Spirogyra were collected from differentdistricts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and employed as a feedstock for biodieselproduction. In the first step, oil from algae species was extracted using n-Hexane and Di-ethyl Ether as solvents, while in the second stage; extracted oil was converted into biodieselvia transesterification reaction. The effects of solvent to oil ratio, size of algal biomass andcontact time were studied on the percentage yield of oil extracted. The maximum extractedoil was 0.09 fraction of biomass, by using a blend of both solvents at a solvent to biomassratio of 3.5, algal biomass size of 0.4 mm and contact time of 24 hours. While intransesterification reaction, effects of molar ratio, temperature, reaction time and amount ofcatalyst (Sodium Hydroxide) were evaluated on the amount of biodiesel produced. Almost95% conversion of extracted oil into biodiesel was achieved after 25 minutes of contact timeat 60 oC with catalyst amount of 0.5% weight of oil and oil to methanol ratio of 8. LSP012-Green Vs. Chemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle Khant Urvila D. and Domadiya Dixita P Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] hold extraordinary and attractive properties due to their small sizes, largesurface area, free hanging bonds and superior reactivity. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a part ofnanomaterial that is defined as a single particle 1–100 nm in diameter. From last few years,nanoparticles have been a common material for the development of new cutting-edgeapplications in communications, energy storage, sensing, data storage, optics, transmission,environmental protection, cosmetics, biology, and medicine due to their important optical,electrical, and magnetic properties. Synthesis of nanoparticles can be performed using a 75

number of routinely used chemical and physical methods. Chemical synthesis methods forNPs include emulsion solvent extraction method, double emulsion and evaporation method,salting out method, emulsion diffusion method, and solvent displacement/precipitationmethod. But, industrial-scale production of NPs has familiarized a new kind of pollution intothe environment. Thus, there is a need for “green synthesis” that includes a clean, safe, eco-friendly and environmentally nontoxic method of nanoparticle synthesis. Various reportsemphasize that plant based nanoparticles had a valuable impact on agriculture,pharmaceuticals, drug delivery and production of other commercial goods. Use of plantextracts as natural reducing, capping and stabilizing agents have been attained considerableprogress and are reported by many authors as an efficient green synthesis method. Greensynthesis method avoids inert gases, high pressure, laser radiation, high temperature, toxicchemicals etc. as compared to a conventional method like sol-gel technique method, laserablation method, inert gas condensation method, chemical reduction method etc. Thestructures, morphology, optical properties, surface area and thermal behaviour of thesefabricated nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Photoluminescence(PL)/fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. LSP013-3D-Bioprinter - A Review Vadoliya Poonam and Joriya Bhoomi Well Known College of Computer Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] work presents an innovative printing technology on the basis of application andadvantages of 3D Bio Printer in life science. As the general printer prints text on simplepaper, similarly bio-printer prints living tissue on a plate in the laboratory. By using humanstem cells this technology is able to grow different human living organs which can bereplaced in the human body or used for Medicinal research. The progressive developmenttoward the therapeutic use of this printers. It should be observed as the natural result fromsome ongoing and future achievements in the medicinal world. Moreover, this 3D Bio Printeris can be used as Drug Design, for Research on Effect of Drug on Target Tissue andCosmetic Technology. This innovation is led to generate other Dimension on Application ofPharma Technology. 76

LSP014-Blood Cancer 1Kasmani Sarfraj Salimbhai, 2Viththalapra Bhavin Shashikantbhai and 2Chavda Suraj Satishbhai 1Shri M.P.Patel B.Ed. & Science College, Jodhpar, Nadi 2Saurashtara University Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] cancer represents a large group of different malignancies. This group includes cancersof the bone marrow, blood, and lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, lymphaticvessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and digestive tract lymphoid tissue. Leukaemia andmyeloma, which start in the bone marrow, and lymphoma, which starts in the lymphaticsystem, are the most common types of blood cancer. What causes these cancers is not known.As leukaemia and myeloma grow within the bone marrow, they can interfere with the bonemarrow’s ability to produce normal blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells,and platelets. This can cause frequent infections, anaemia, and easy bruising. Lymphomas,which most typically appear as enlargement of the lymph nodes, can also interfere with thebody’s ability to fight infections. Additionally, myelomas generate a substance that weakensbones, and produce abnormal proteins that can cause symptoms in other parts of the body.Treatment of blood cancers has undergone substantial improvements, resulting in increasedrates of remission and survival. Remission occurs when there is no sign of cancer. Today inthe United States, almost 1 million people are alive with, or in remission from, a bloodcancer. People who have blood cancer can have problems with bleeding and seriousinfections. LSP015-Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Acacia auriculiformis Sunita K. Solanki, Rohan V. Pandya and Jigna G. TankUGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] studies have suggested the use of non-edible seed oils in the production of biodiesel.However, due to competition in the plantation of edible and non-edible seed plants in fertilesoil, it is necessary to screen oil containing seed species which can grow in non-fertile andwaste lands. Therefore, in present studies, Acacia auriculiformis was selected which can 77

grow in wide range of soils including oxisols, soils with sand, clay texture, salty soils andsoils with pH ranging from 3.0 to 9.5. Oil content in seeds of this plant was measured, andthen biodiesel production was carried out using transesterification process. GC-MS analysisof biodiesel samples suggested the presence of crucial fatty acid methyl esters whichcontributed to biodiesel formation. Analysis of physicochemical parameter using ASTMstandard methods suggested that they were almost equivalent to that of biodiesel standards(B100) determined by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). LSP016- Performances of Warm-Season Turf Grasses under Pune Conditions 1Vaibhav Wadekar, 2Patil P.V., 3Nagesh Gawade and 4Pushpanjali Bhosale 1, 2, & 4 College of Agriculture, Pune-05, MPKV, Rahuri 3Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001 Email: [email protected] study was conducted in order to determine the performances of worldwide used C4warm season turfgrasses (Zoysia japonica, Argentine bahia, Paspalum notatum, Poapretensis, Eragrostis curvula, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Cynodon dactylon, Axonopuscompressus, Arundo formosana) under pune ecological conditions of Pune in 2015- 2016.The experimental design was a randomised complete blocks with three replications. In thisexperiment, the turf quality parameters viz. ground coverage, shoot length, leaf length, leafwidth, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight were studied.American Blue grass and Bermudagrass shows (100%) ground coverage earlier at 60 days after transplanting than the other turfgrasses. At 150 and 180 days after transplanting stage of crop growth, significantly highestshoot length (77.01 cm) and (80.82 cm) was recorded by Phosphelone grass followed byAmerican Blue grass [(62.15 cm) & (69.97 cm)] and Bermuda grass [(38.48 cm) & (42.83cm)]. Significantly maximum stem thickness at all growth stages was recorded by Argentinegrass (6.95 mm) followed by Pensacola grass (4.67 mm). The Weeping Love grass was foundsignificantly higher leaf length (48.80 cm) and (50.43 cm) of lawn grasses at 150 & 180DAT. At 180 days after transplanting, Phosphelone grass showed significantly maximum leafwidth (13.48 mm) followed by the Argentine grass (8.28 mm). At 150 and 180 days aftertransplanting, significantly highest fresh shoot weight (3.20 g) and (3.50 g) was recorded byWeeping Love grass followed by Phosphelone grass (3.03 g) and (3.46 g) respectively. After 78

180 days transplanting, Weeping Love grass recorded maximum dry weight of shoot (1.53 g)and found significantly superior over all treatments.LSP017-Human Papilloma Virus associated burden of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Indian inhabitants Amisha Patel, Bhavika Turakhia and Sejal Shah Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common disorder worldwide andone of the leading malignancy in Indian inhabitants. Gujarat is considered to be the high-riskregion for oral cancer due to chewing tobacco. The occurrence of OSCC is due to mostlytobacco addiction; however 15-20% of overall oral cancer incidence in the non-smoker andnon-alcoholic patients. Previous studies indicated that oral cancer might be caused byinfection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) along with consumption of tobacco. We pooledthe Pub MED database for all literature published from 2005 to 2017 and performed asystemic review to determine the association of HPV with oral cancers and its prevalence invarious sub-site in the oral cavity like tongue, buccal mucosa, soft palate, hard palate, lipsand gingiva. Meta-analysis of OSCC biopsy performed using type-specific PCR-basedassays. More than 12 types of HPV have been found in oral lesions, including type 1, 2, 4, 6,7, 11, 13, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 57 and 68. The HPV type 16 and 18 to bethe most predominant type detected in oral cancer. The prevalence of HPV in OSCC has beenreported the overall prevalence ranges between 20-50%. The risk difference of OSCC withHPV infection varies ethnicity to ethnicity. The meta-analysis has shown HPV 16 and 18strain found to be associated with the higher risk of developing OSCC in an Indiansubcontinent. In view of the relationship between HPV and OSCC, it should be worthwhile todesign further experimental studies to elucidate its role in oral carcinogenesis especially theoral cancer patients without the history of tobacco in any form. 79

LSP018-Actinomycetes as an Enzymes Factory Anita Tadhani, Disha Kalariya and Nisha Trivedi Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] are a group of microorganisms produce secondary metabolites like antibiotics,vitamins, organic acid and enzymes. Antibiotics from different habitats have been employedextensively in the pharmaceutical field. Actinomycetes identified from the extremeenvironments. The enzymes produced by Actinomycetes and applied in different industriesare amylase, protease, lipases, cellulases, xylanases, chitinase, gelatinase and keratinase.These enzymes have been produced by using solid media containing starch, gelatin andskimmed milk. The enzyme activity experimented at high temperature becausethermotolerant enzymes are required for industrial purposes, the constant search for novelmicrobial enzymes has led to improvisations in the industrial processes which is the key toprofit growth. This review summarizes the application of both intracellular and extracellularenzymes of Actinomycetes in different industries such as textile, biorefineries, food, pulp,paper, agriculture, detergent and pharmaceuticals. Actinomycetes produce many valuableextracellular enzymes which can decompose a variety of organic materials. We can introducethe concept that the soil-microbe system is self-organized and act as a potential source forsoil enzyme.It also suggests new priorities for research based on an integrative approach thatcombines biochemistry and biophysics. Primary and secondary screening of isolates foridentifying the highest enzyme producers followed by estimation of enzyme activity is theprimary step. Immense work has been done for identification of genes, understanding the roleof structural domains responsible for enzyme activity by X-ray crystallography, massspectroscopy and NMR studies. This is followed by analyses of protein sequences,phylogenetic tree construction based on amino acid differences among species andrecombinant studies for identification of protein families for hyper producing the enzymeyield. LSP019-Agrobacterium Genetics Goswami Bhavika and Avishek Banik Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Bhavnagar Highway, Rajkot-360020, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 80

ABSTRACTAgrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria established by H. J. Conn that useshorizontal gene transfer to cause tumour in plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the mostcommonly studied spices in this genus. Agrobacterium is well known for its ability to transferDNA between itself and plants, and for this reason, it has become an important tool forgenetic engineering. The mechanism for T-DNA transfer to plant cells by Agrobacteriumtumefaciens is provided focused on the role played by the different components of thevirulence system. The single-stranded DNA (T-DNA) with the endonuclease attached istransferred through a type IV secretion system into the host cell where it is likely coated andprotected from the nuclease by a bacterial secreted protein to form the T-complex. A nuclearlocalization signal in the endonuclease guides the transferred strand into the nucleus where itis integrated randomly into the host chromosome. Other secreted proteins likely aid inuncoating the T-complex. The T-DNA encodes enzymes of auxin, cytokinin, and opinesynthesis, the latter a food source of Agrobacterium. The genes associated with T-strandformation and transfer (vir) map to the Ti plasmid and are only expressed when these bacteriaare in close association with a plant. Plant signals are recognized by a two componentregulatory system which actives vir gene. Chromosomal genes with pleiotropic functions alsoplay an important role in plant transformation. Any DNA inserted between the bordersequences which define the T-DNA will be transferred and integrated into the host cell. Thus,Agrobacterium has become the major vector in plant genetic engineering.LSP020- Effect of polarity of solvent on Pterocarpus santilinus Linn.F. leaf antioxidant activity and phenol content Savan Donga, Hemali Padalia, Pooja Moteriya and Sumitra ChandaPhytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India Email: [email protected] radicals and reactive oxygen species are recognized as agents involved in thepathogenesis of many diseases and disorders and their excessive generation gives rise tooxidative stress. Antioxidants are compounds or substances that scavenge free radicals orsinglet oxygen and provide protection against oxidative stress. Natural antioxidants aregenerally preferred as compared to synthetic antioxidant since the later are carcinogenic, 81

costly and possess many side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for new, noveland effective natural antioxidant compounds from plants which are safe, with less side effectsand easily available. Pterocarpus santilinus Linn.F. belongs to the Fabaceae family.Traditionally it has many medicinal uses and possess various biological activity likeantibacterial activity, hepatoprotective activity, antihelicobacter pylori effect, anti canceractivity. In this study, six solvents of different polarity viz., petroleum ether, toluene, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol and water were used for the extraction P. santilinus leaf byindividual cold percolation method. Total phenol and flavonoid content of extracts wasdetermined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively.Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cationscavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing antioxidantassay. Total phenol and total flavonoid content was maximum in polar solvent acetone extractwhile antioxidant activity was maximum in polar solvent methanol extract. The polarity ofthe solvent definitely affected the antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid content. LSP021-Nanotechnology and Medicine Butani Riddhi Sureshbhai, Kanotara Manisha Prafulbhai and Megha Sharma Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] is the application of nanotechnology in the medical field. It has a wide rangeof applications. Nanotechnology is defined as the study of nanoparticles which are of anatomic and molecular size and their application in the various diverse field of science andtechnology. It might play an important role in drug delivery using biodegradablenanoparticles. As well as specific targeted drug therapy. It also possibly plays a role inmedical imaging as well as to understand the call repair mechanism. In future nanorobotics,will play a role in diagnostic as well as in medical intervention. The application ofnanotechnology in biology is termed as nanobiology. The nanobiology includes prevention ofdisease, diagnosis as well as to analyze the functioning of human physiology and anatomy.Thus, nanomedicine would pave a way and aid in rapid diagnosis and treatment making theworld better. 82

LSP022-Antimicrobial compounds from Actinomycetes Devanshi Bavishi, Aneri Ponkiya and Nisha Trivedi Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] microorganisms are increasingly becoming an important source in the search forindustrially important molecules. Today both academic and industrial interest in marinemicroorganisms is on the rise because unique and biologically active metabolites have beenreported from marine organisms. Actinomycetes are present in various ecological habitatssuch as soil, fresh water, backwater, lake, compost, sewage, marine environment and alsoisolated from the surface, epidermis and intestines of sea plants and animals. Actinomycetesare grown under anaerobic condition. They are considered highly valuable as they producevarious antibiotics and other therapeutically useful compounds with diverse biologicalactivities. The vast majority of these metabolites (70%) have been isolated fromactinomycetes with the remaining 20% from fungi, 7% from Bacillus and 1–2% fromPseudomonas. Actinomycetes having antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal,antiviral, antiparasitic and other properties. Antibacterial and Antifungal activities were testedusing cross streak and cylinder plate technique. Actinomycetes are best known for theirability to produce antibiotics and are gram-positive bacteria which comprise a group ofbranching unicellular microorganisms. Actinomycetes are the most economically andbiotechnologically valuable prokaryotes. They are responsible for the production of abouthalf of the discovered bioactive secondary metabolites, immunosuppressive agents. Bioactivemetabolites are products of primary and secondary metabolism of different organisms.Secondary metabolites have diverse and unusual chemical structures and often a lowmolecular mass. Actinomycetes represent a ubiquitous group of microbes widely distributedin the natural ecosystem around the world and especially significant for their role in therecycling the organic matter. Actinomycetes are found to be better in the production of thenovel bioactive compound. LSP023-Future Scope in Stem Cell Technology Dhvani Patel, Princy Mangroliya, Mirali Shingala, Riya Satodiya and Avishek Banik Department of Microbiology, School of science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 83

ABSTRACTA stem cell has the ability for continuous proliferation and development into various anotherkind of cells/tissues. Stem cells are different from other cells of the body. Stem cells havemany types of characteristics like totipotency, houming, telomerase activity etc. The twoimportant characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells. This ability allowsthem to replace cells that have died. With this capability, they are used to replace defectivecells/tissues in a patient who has certain diseases or defects. Stem cells are basic cells of allmulticellular organisms having the potency to differentiate into a wide range of adult cells.The knowledge of stem cell biology has open the therapeutic usage of stem cells in the formof neuron regeneration, treatment of bone defect, drug testing, gene therapy and cell-basedtherapy in the form of muscle damage, spinal cord injury, cancer therapy etc. Cell-basedtherapies might become commercial in coming years. It was instituted that stem cells growrapidly and have the potential to form specialized dentin, bone, and neuronal cells. By thispresentation, we introduce the stem cell techniques that can overcome the major diseases andregenerative cells. This poster focuses on types of stem cell and stem cell regulation withenlightening comments on the clinical application and future aspects.LSP024- Effect of Extraction Techniques on Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Sargassum, A Brown Seaweed from Gujarat Coast Abhishek Dhanki, Savan Donga, Hemali Padalia and Sumitra ChandaPhytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India Email: [email protected] or algae are known for broad spectrum biological activities since they showantimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antifouling activities. All these activities areattributed for the presence of phytoconstituents like phenols and flavonoids. In the presentwork, a brown seaweed Sargassum belonging to the family Phaeophyceae was evaluated forits phenolic and flavonoid content. Extraction was done by both traditional (maceration andcold percolation) and modern (Microwave assisted –MAE and ultrasonic assisted- UAE)methods. Extractive yield was maximum in MAE extract. The total phenolic content wasmore in both modern methods while total flavonoid content was more in traditional 84

maceration method. Hence it is concluded that different extraction methods affect differentphytoconstituents differently in Sargassum. The extraction method plays an important role inextracting the phytoconstituents from seaweeds. LSP025-To Increase the Resistance of Plants against Salinity Stress by Plants Growth Promoting Micro-Organisms Krina Avinash Sangani, Dipesh Arvindbhai Parsiya, Trupti Marakana and Megha Sharma Department of Microbiology and Chemistry, School Of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] is recognized as the main threats to environmental resources and human health inmany countries, affecting almost one billion worldwide/globally representing about 7% ofearth`s continental extent. It has been estimated that an approximate area of Seven millionhectors of land is covered by saline soil in India. Agricultural corps exhibit a spectrum ofresponses under salt stress. The impacts of salinity include low agricultural productivity, loweconomic returns and soil erosions. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient(N, Ca, K, P, Fe and Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on phosphorous uptake from soil. Inorder to assess the tolerance of plants to salinity stress, growth or survival of the plants,alleviation of abiotic stress is can be done by rhizopheric bacteria. Studies on these shownthat inoculation with selected PGPR and other microbes could serve as the potential tool foralleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive corps. It can be useful in developing strategies tofacilitate sustainable agricultural in saline soils. LSP026-Tecoma stans as Emerging Alternative Medicine Mathakiya Mahejbin, Kapuriya Urmila, Thesiya Khushali and Swati Goswami Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressivenumber of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use intraditional medicine. Nearly 80% of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine.Among them, Tecoma stans Linn is one with such immense importance as an alternative 85

medicine. It is an erect shrub commonly found in India, belongs to family Bignoniaceae. It isknown by several names like yellow bells, yellow elder, trumpet flower, “Piliya” and manymore. It is dicotyledonous herb popularly grown for its flowers as an ornamental /gardenplant. It has a wide range of medicinal and pharmacological applications. Almost all parts(leaves, root, flower, seed, fruit, and bark) of the plant are reported for its medicinal use.Through various research findings, it has been reported to have antidiabetic, antioxidant,hypoglycemic, antitumor, free radical, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Withall these properties, it is well suited herbal medicine used as a treatment of diabetes, digestiveproblems, control of yeast infections, as powerful diuretic, vermifuge and tonic. Preliminaryphytochemical screening of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids,quinones and traces of saponins and amino acids. This proves that sustainable management ofmedicinal plant species is important due to their value as a potential source of new drugs. It isused by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases. This providesvaluable information which assists the scientists in getting more advanced knowledge about aplant species and an alternate way to be used as a potent drug for treatment of diseases causeddue to metabolic disorders as well as microbial pathogens. LSP027-Air Pollution and it’s Adverse Effects on Skin Maitri Nandasana, Dhara Pattani, Hetal Pipaliya and Janki Patel Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] increased level of pollution over the years has caused human skin disease. The skin is theouter most layer and it covers all body organs, bones, and tissue when gets infected itsinfection will spread all over the body such as in bones, liver, kidney as well as other bodyparts. The skin continuously exposed to air pollutants such as ultraviolet radiation, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, oxides, particulate matter, ozone andcigarette smoke. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants has been associated with contactdermatitis, halogen acne, chemical depigmentation, connective tissue diseases and skincancer. Air pollution damages the skin by creating oxidative stress on the skin while exposureto ultraviolet radiation cause extrinsic skin ageing, skin cancer, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasisor acne. According to the survey of January 2009, the link between air pollution and skinrashes was found. French researchers found that when air pollution levels in urban areas 86

increase there were also increase in respiratory problems, skin rashes and headache. Skinrashes were related to particulate matter and ozone pollution in the air. LSP028-Importance & Regulation of Vitamin D Mruga T. Bhatt and Dhruv H. MehtaGMSC, Survey No. 30, Sidsar Road, Near Iscon Eleven, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] D is fat–soluble & a steroid hormone. It can be attained from both endogenous &exogenous sources. Despite the dual mechanisms of attainment, vitamin D deficiency iscommon in many countries. According to the Institute of Medicine (IDM) and the AmericanAcademy of Paediatrics (AAP) vitamin D deficiency in infants and young children defined asa serum 25(OH)D level of <11 ng/ml. In adults, the normal lower limit for 25(OH)D rangesfrom 8-15 ng/ml depending on the geographic location. Reasons include a largely vegetariandiet, lack of food fortification with vitamin D, lack of adequate sun exposure due to socio-religious and cultural practices, unaffordability of vitamin D rich foods by most people andthe overall poor nutritional status of the underprivileged population. Role of vitamin D inextraskeletal health by looking to the presence of VDR present in most tissues of the body.Also the enzyme 25(OH)D 1α-hydroxylase is present in several tissues besides the kidneywhich converts the inactive form of vitamin D to active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays aphysiological role in cell differentiation in normal & tumour cell by regulating p21, p27, Bcl,BAX genes. It is also believed to regulate pro-apoptotic genes, anti-apoptotic genes and c-myc oncogenes. Neurological disease is growing evidence of the positive association betweenvitamin D deficiency and various central or peripheral neurological diseases, especiallymultiple sclerosis and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateralsclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Normally, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels increase in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Intestinal calciumabsorption is enhanced which shows the fetal requirement of calcium is increased in the thirdtrimester. 87

LSP029-Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella L.) for Growth and Flowering Attributes 1Nagesh Gawade, 2Bhalekar S. G., 3Pushpanjali Bhosale and 4Vaibhav Wadekar 1Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India 2, 3, 4 College of Agriculture, Pune-05, MPKV, Rahuri Email: [email protected] present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different genotypes of gaillardia (Gaillardiapulchella L.)” was carried out during the year 2015-2016 at Modibaug garden of HorticultureSection, College of Agriculture, Pune. The experiment was laid out in Randomized BlockDesign with two replications and forty genotypes. The genotype MG-10-2 recordedsignificantly highest plant height (80.52 cm), (99.50 cm) and (102.86 cm) at 90, 120 and 150days after transplanting respectively. The genotype MG-9-1 (90.28 cm) recorded significantlymaximum plant spread at (E-W) direction and the genotype MG-3-2 (80.34 cm) at (N-S)direction at 90 DAP. Significantly maximum number of primary branches per plant wasrecorded in the genotype MG-7-2 (21.48) and the maximum number of secondary branchesper plant was recorded in the genotype MG-10-2 (58.50). The genotype MG-9-1 showedsignificantly early initiation of flowering (41.23 days) after transplanting. The genotype MG-9-1 showed early 50 percent flowering (64.38 days) but the treatment differences were notsignificant for days to 50 percent flowering. The genotype MG-7-2 recorded significantlymaximum flower diameter (6.93 cm) followed by the genotype MG-9-1 (6.82 cm) and bothgenotypes are on par with each other. Significantly a number of ray florets per flower werenoticed in the genotypes MG-5-1 (148.40), MG-5-2 (148.20) and MG-9-1 (148.05). Thegenotype MG-2-2 recorded significantly maximum flower stalk length (17.62 cm). Theflower stalk thickness of different genotypes of gaillardia ranged from 2.8 to 3.1 mm but thetreatment differences were non-significant for this character.LSP030-Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles as Nanofertilizer to Enhance Production in Agriculture Nagesh Gawade, Suhail Ahmad and Atul Dhansil Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat Email: [email protected] 88

ABSTRACTNowadays nanofertilizers are taking special attention in agriculture research for better growthand productivity. Nanoferlizers are the fertilizers works at nanoscale synthesized usingnanotechnology. They are important tools in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield andquality parameters with increased nutrient use efficiency, reduce wastage of fertilizers andcost of cultivation. Nanofertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactionsin the plant which increase the rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry matter and yieldof the crop. Nanofertilizers are very effective for precise nutrient management in precisionagriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may provide nutrientthroughout the crop growth period. Due to its polymeric cationic, biodegradable,bioabsorbable and bactericidal characteristics, chitosan (CS) nanoparticle is an interestingmaterial for use in controlled release systems. Chitosan is a biopolymer, a chitin derivative, acompound which is completely safe for the environment. Chitosan can increase the yield,reduce transpiration and induce a range of metabolic changes as a result of which, plantsbecome more resistant to viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Chitosan stimulates vitalprocesses of plants on every level of biological organization, from single cells and tissues,through physiological and biochemical processes, to changes on the molecular level related tothe expression of genes. Chitosan is obtained as a result of chemical or enzymatic chitindeacetylation. Some of the aforementioned properties of chitosan may specifically stimulateplant reactions and the impact on microorganisms and the molecular weight seems to be oneof the most important factors affecting the biological activity of this biopolymer. Theencapsulated fertilizers, in which fertilizers are entrapped within nanoparticles and protect itfor better survival in inoculated soils, allowing for their controlled release into the soil. Themethod of encapsulation of fertilizers components in polymeric, chitosan nanoparticle isrelatively novel with potential commercial applications.LSP031-Biodegradation of Heavy Metals by Microorganism and their Role in Controlling Environmental Pollution Vasoya Poorvi, Mori Priya and Khalida Bloch Department of Microbiology, School of Science, R.K. University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 89

Rapid Industrialization and urbanization have increased the environmental pollution. Thecontinuous release of the industrial effluent directly into environment causes various changesin physical, chemical and biological property of soil and water which directly effects itsbiodiversity. Pollution caused by heavy metals has increased the attention worldwide as theyare non-biodegradable in nature, highly toxic. The increasing metal concentration hascontaminated the land, water and air. The concentration of heavy metals increases due tovarious activities performed by humans which enter into the cells of plants, animals and getbiomagnified. The xenobiotic nature various heavy metals lead to life threaten diseases inhumans, plants and animals. Many microorganism have the ability to degrade potent heavymetal such as cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, zinc. Several bacterialspecies, algae, and fungi have the ability to degrade the complex heavy metals.Microorganism convert the complex form into simple form of heavy metals which decreasesits toxicity. The present study gives details about the role of microorganism in degradation ofheavy metals and their role in controlling environmental pollution.Keywords: Microbial degradation, heavy metals toxicity. LSP032-Significance of Microbes in biodegradation of Pollution Pranav Pandya, Hasti Parsana and Vivek Vegda Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] are the organisms that inhabitant throughout the world, and also associated withevery living organisms. Microbes present in massive populations, as per the one estimate thatone trillion species of microbes are may be found in the world among them 99.9% yet to beidentified. The types of the organisms like viruses and bacteria are the most familiar butfungi, protozoa, algae and helminthes are also considered in the microbes. These microbesplay a key role in maintaining life on earth, fixing gases and breaking down dead plant andanimal matter into simpler substances that are used at the beginning of the food chain.Scientists discovered the activities of microbes for the benefit of humans, viz. production inthe field of medicines, enzymes and food. They are also used to breakdown sewage and othertoxic wastes into safe matters, this is called bioremediation. As microbes are closelyassociated with the flora, fauna and all the ecosystems, they play a significant role to preservethe diversity. Many different microbes can play an important role in biodegradation of 90

pollution i.e. oil spilling can be reclaimed by Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillusspp etc. Soil & water pollution including marine and coastal has become a global concern inthe recent years due to the increase in human interferences to environment. There are othermicrobes also which are used in degradation of water pollution, soil pollution, petroleumdegradation and aerobic and anaerobic pollutant degradation. For the conservation of floraand fauna it is mandatory to know the microbes and its association with the other livingorganism. Microbes may appear endlessly abundant, everywhere and to an extentinterchangeable, but we don’t know the importance of them. Thus we need to identify themwith their importance so that we can utilized them to conserve Biodiversity EnvironmentKeywords: Microbes, Importance, Role, Utilization, Biodiversity LSP033-Influence of Gamma Dose on Flowering and Bulb Parameters in Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn) 1Pravin Mohite, 2Patil P.V., 3Nagesh Gawade and 4Vaibhav Wadekar 1, 2 & 4 College of Agriculture, Pune-05, MPKV, Rahuri 3Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001 Email:[email protected] present investigation on “Influence of gamma dose on flowering and bulb parameters intuberose” (genotype GK-T-E-2) was conducted at the NARP, Ganeshkhind Pune 07 during2014-2015. Tuberose for pot culture, high yield and loose flower was the main objectiveof the investigation. The treatment of bulbs with source of 60CO gamma rays was given atDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pune. The experiment was designed in Rod RowTrial by irradiating tuberose genotype GK-T-E-2 with 6 doses of gamma rays (2.0, 2.5,3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 kR and untreated). Floral characters like number of days required forflowering, number of spikes per plant, number of floret per spike, interfloret length, anddiameter of floret were not significantly affected by gamma rays doses. The significantvariation was observed in spike length due to effect of gamma rays. The treatment of 4.5kR dose of gamma irradiation had minimum spike length (29.1 cm), followed by thetreatment 4.0 kR dose of gamma irradiation (30.0 cm). The length of rachis wassignificantly increased at 2.0 kR (26.7cm) which was more than other treatments ofgamma irradiations. The observation on number of bulbs and bulblets, weight of bulbs,bulblets and diameter of bulbs found to be non-significant. The maximum number of bulbs 91

was produced by plants whose bulbs were treated with 2.0 kR and 2.5 kR doses of gammairradiations (7.4 bulbs in both treatments of gamma irradiations). The weight of bulblets wasmaximum at 2.5 kR (10.5 g). The number of bulbs, bulblets, weight of bulbs and bulbletsdecreased with increased doses of gamma irradiations. LSP034-Artistic routes in green chemistry for the preparation of iron nanoparticles useful for Cancer Therapy Saujanya Chikkala, Bhavika Turakhia and Sejal Shah Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] synthesis of iron nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost-effective and anenvironmentally friendly option. Synthesis of nano particles using plant is one type of greenchemistry which is a combination of nanotechnology and plant biotechnology. Synthesis ofiron nanoparticles has been demonstrated using plant extract, by reducing Fecl3.The goingthrough the process we encountered that the FeNPs can be characterized by UV-VisSpectrometer and other methods such as MTT, Hoechst, AO-EB, Comet, FTIR, FESEM,Phase contrast, EDX, XRD. The different types of antioxidants present in the plant of samplejuice reduce Fe metal ions, according to its structure and function. The process will besimple, and the reactions for formation of nanoparticles will be fast as well as stable. And theoutcome of this process will be a value-added product and checked on various Cell lines byusing the concept of magnetism. Thus this proves that using of plant material is beneficial forsynthesizing of FeNPs by the process of green chemistry. And its property of differentiatingbetween marked or radiolabelled cells, drug designing, the Radiofrequency method ofhyperthermia and MRI .The current scenario of this research area the findings of themechanism and enzymatic behaviour of NPs synthesis as well as detection andcharacterisation of biomolecules in plants such as proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides,alkaloids, vitamins, involved in the production of NPs. These super magnetic nanoparticleshave been broadly developed, and it has no side effects of conventional chemotherapy andnot only that, but it also plays a leading role in many technological applications such asmicroelectronics biology and medicine. Upcoming projects and its applications are alsodiscussed.Keywords: Nanotechnology, FeNPs, MRI, FTIR, XRD. 92

LSP035-Effects of E-cigarette Savan Vora and Juhee Kalariya Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] are handheld and battery-operated devices. A metal coil inside the device getsvery hot. When a flavored liquid passes over these coils, it vaporizes into a gas that usersbreathe in that tries to create the feeling of tobacco smoking. Using e-cigarettes is sometimescalled vaping. The liquid in the e-cigarette called e-liquid is usually made of nicotine,propylene glycol, glycerin and flavorings. Not all e-liquids contain nicotine. It less harmfulthen cigarette so it Alternative of cigarette smoking and it also helpful in smoking quit. E-cigarette use as recreational, to cut down or quit smoking, because they believe vaping ishealthier than smoking, to circumvent smoke-free laws and policies, because e-cigarettes areodor-free or they are cheaper. It reduces the chances of cause a cancer in e-cigarette smokersas compare to cigarette smokers. Because of less mouth microflora present then cigarettesmokers which cause a cancer. Researchers found e-cigarettes contain toxic substances andnanoparticles that could kill the top layer of skin cells in the oral cavity - behind teeth andgums. It also having harm effect like Dry skin, Dry mouth, Rash/burning sensation on face,Itchiness, Puffy/dry eyes, Caffeine sensitivity.Keywords: Vaping, Handheld, E-cigarette, E-liquid, circumvent smoke-free laws andpolicies. LSP036-Biodegradation of Plastic Shivangi Khania, Mahima Vala, Nidhi Kotak, Radhika Samtariya and Avishek Banik Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] by day the increasing rate of environment hazards is a matter of concern forenvironmental biologist. Awareness of the waste management and its impact on theenvironment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. Forbiodegradation it is necessary for water-soluble or water-miscible because they eventuallyenter streams which can neither be recycled nor incinerated. These degradations can beinduced in a better way if their mechanistic implications are properly understood. A better 93

understanding of the mechanism for these degradations is also advocated in order to facilitatethe proper use of the alternative waste disposal strategies. In view of the facts concerning theplastic degradation However, considering their abundance in the environment and theirspecificity in attacking plastics, biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms and enzymesseems to be the most effective process. When plastics are used as substrates formicroorganisms, evaluation of their biodegradability should not only be based on theirchemical structure, but also on their physical properties (melting point, glass transitiontemperature, storage modulus etc.).The species that were predominant were Streptococcus,Staphylococcus, Micrococcus (Gram positive), Moraxella, and Pseudomonas (Gramnegative) and two species of fungi (Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus niger). Recent workhas included studies of the distribution of synthetic polymer-degrading microorganisms in theenvironment, the isolation of new microorganisms for biodegradation, the discovery of newdegradation enzymes, and the cloning of genes for synthetic polymer-degrading enzymes.Keywords: Degradation of polymer, Microbes. LSP037-A New Era in Molecular Biology: CRISPR/cas9 Technology Nalla Yashika N. Raju and Sejal Shah Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat Email: [email protected] Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are repeated patternsobserved in bacterial DNA based on the natural defense mechanism of bacteria against anyviral infection and plasmids. Targeted gene editing emerged with Zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), but due to convolutedprotein structure designing these techniques got restricted their widespread promotion. ACRISPR locus is organized of interspersed spacer and repeat sequences. Spacers are uniquesequences originating from viral or plasmid DNA. CRISPR works in three phases1.Acquisition 2.Biogenesis 3.Targeting. Acquisition or Adaptation involves selecting offoreign invading DNA (Protospacer). Biogenesis or Expression and Maturation integrateProtospacer into CRISPR loci transcribed and matured into crRNAs. During Targeting phasecrRNA forms a complex with cas9. There are majorly three types of CRISPR/cas9 system-type I, type II and type III which have been identified. All the data has been amalgamatedthrough the following search engines like PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND Med web 94

using keywords like CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. The meta-analysis for the current study hasbeen carried out by doing systemic review starting from 2010 to 2017. CRISPR is currentlythe most adaptable and precise method employed for Gene manipulation. Presently screeningmutations, increase in Potency of T-cell Cancer Therapy, Treatment for monogenic diseases,gene editing in embryos, zoonotic diseases such as malaria, elimination of HIV-1 genomesfrom human lymphoid T-cells are feasibly utilizing CRISPR/cas9 process. It can be used tounderstand how different genes influence disorders in the variety of animal systems. LSP038-Zinc oxide nano particle from synthesis to application Vasoya Surbhi, Sejal Shah and Bhavika Turakhia Department of Microbiology, School of Science, R.K. University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] are particles between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) in size with a surroundinginterfacial layer. Nanoparticles have a very high surface area to volume ratio. In which Zincoxide can be called a multifunctional material thanks to its unique physical and chemicalproperties Nano crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with controlled shapes and sizes wereprepared at 180 ∘C by a simple polyol method. The amount of water and the method ofaddition played an important role in determining the characteristics of the synthesizedparticles. Rod-shaped ZnO particles with major axis lengths of ∼114 nm were obtained byheating the precursor solution the absorbance increases with increasing size for particle sizesof 15–40 nm. For larger sizes the absorbance decreases with increasing size due to thedecrease in particle concentration. The mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation,sol-gel method, solvothermal and hydrothermal method, method using emulsion and microemulsion environment and other methods of obtaining zinc oxide. Antibacterial activity ofzinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularlyby the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region.ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area asthe reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. ZnO is a bio-safematerial that possesses photo-oxidizing and photo catalysis impacts on chemical andbiological species. This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity including testingmethods, impact of UV illumination, ZnO particle properties (size, concentration,morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory 95

concentration. One functional application of the ZnO antibacterial bioactivity was discussedin food packaging industry where ZnO-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent towardfoodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of ZnO-NPs into packaging materials can causeinteraction with foodborne pathogens. LSP039-Probiotics and Prebiotics as Functional Foods Kavathiya Sadhana, Kothadiya Krupa, Nasit Jyoti, Vaghasiya Purvisha and Vijay Kumar Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] foods are similar in appearance to conventional foods; the former being consumedas a part of the normal diet. When food is being cooked using \"scientific intelligence\" with orwithout knowledge of how or why it is being used, the food is called \"functional food\".Functional food provides to body with the required amount of vitamins, fats, proteins,carbohydrates, etc. Probiotics are live bacteria that could exert health beneficial effects uponconsumption. It consists of microorganisms belonging to group streptococci, lactobacilli, andbifidobacteria. Lactic acid bacteria provide several potential health and nutritional benefits,including improving the nutritional value of food, controlling serum cholesterol levels, andvarious metabolism associated disorders like obesity, diabetes, hypertension and insulinresistance. Dysregulation in expression of TH1-cytokines and TH2-cytokines may contributeto the initiation and maintenance of allergic diseases. Lactobacilli belonging to the naturalintestinal microflora were reported to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis and theseverity of allergic manifestations and to modulate TH1/TH2 responses. Probiotics areinvestigated for their role to prevent cancer, mainly attributed to its antimicrobial effectsagainst carcinogen producing microorganisms, antimutagenic properties and alteration of thetumor differentiation processes. Researches till date have suggested that prebiotics alsopossess protective effects against colon carcinogenesis, mainly attributed to the production ofshort chain fatty acids upon its fermentation by gut microflora and alteration of geneexpressions in tumor cells. Hence, probiotics and prebiotics are substances that can promotethe growth of beneficial microorganisms, mainly in the intestinal tract, and will modify thecolonic microbiota. The following health benefits are attribute to probiotics: obesity,hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance.Keywords: Probiotic, prebiotic, diabetes, functional food, hypertension, obesity, microbiota. 96

LSP040-Withania coagulans: A Promising Herb Dharti Harkhani and Sapna Ajudiya Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] last few years the graph of people suffering from diabetes is growing fast. The diseaseis very dangerous as it takes over the important vital organs of the body. All the medicinalsystems globally are trying to fight the ailment. Role of medicinal plants in the treatment ofdiabetes can be very promising. Many medicinal plants have been scientifically proved tohave hypoglycaemic effect.Withanolides are a branch of alkaloids, which reported many remedial uses. Withanolidesmainly exist in 58 species of solanaceous plants which belong to 22 generous. Withaniacoagulans Dunal belonging to the family Solanaceae is a small bush which is widely spreadin south Asia. Anti-inflammatory effect, anti-cancer and Alzheimer’s disease and theirmechanisms, antihyperglycaemic, hypercholesterolemia, antifungal, antibacterial,cardiovascular effects and another activity are shown.Withania coagulans Dunal is very well known for its ethno pharmacological activities(Kirthikar and Basu 1933). The W. coagulans, is common in Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan andEast India, also used in folk medicine. Fruits of the plant have a milk-coagulatingcharacteristic (Atal and Sethi, 1963). The fruits are sweet and are reported to be sedative,emetic, alterative and diuretic. They are useful in chronic disorders of liver. The fruits arealso used in dyspepsia, flatulent coli and other intestinal infections. They are employed fortreatment of asthma, biliousness and strangury. In some parts of the Indian sub-continent, theberries are used as a blood purifier. The twigs are chewed for cleaning teeth and the smoke ofthe plant is inhaled for relief of toothache. Chadha (1976) said Withania coagulans is alsoknown as a treatment of ulcers, rheumatism, bronchitis, and degenerative diseases. LSP041-Production of Gold Nanoparticles from Bacteria Juhi P. Sheth and Valentina V. Umrania Department of Microbiology, M.V.M. Sc & HSc College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] 97

The prefix “nano” is a Greek word for “dwarf”. One nanometer is equal to one – the billionthof a meter. The concept of nanotechnology was first coined by Richard Feynman in 1959.Nanoparticles have always been a key field of research. Biological synthesis of nanoparticlesappears as a suitable process since it requires less energy, is environmentally friendly andsafe. The use of microbial cell for the synthesis of nanosized materials has recently emergedas a novel approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles show veryhigh chemical reactivity compared to the bulk gold. Gold nanoparticles are mainly of ourinterest due to their stability under atmospheric conditions, resistance to oxidation andbiocompatibility. For a production of gold nanoparticles, bacterial isolates were used. Thesewere isolated and cultivated from gold refinery soil sample with Nutrient broth along withaurium chloride and N- broth. Initially, the colour change indicated the production ofnanoparticles. After centrifugation supernatant and cell biomass were checked in UV –VISIBLE spectrophotometer. Depending on the particles size different colours are exhibitedwhich confirms the production of nanoparticles. At 540 nm absorption maxima production ofgold nanoparticles was noted. Gold nanoparticles are found noncytotoxic, possess highstability and easy surface functionalization. Further research for its stability and particle sizedistribution (PSD) and SEM etc. is going on with the produced AuNP.Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, Aurium chloride, UV – VISIBLE spectrophotometer. LSP042-Human Microbiome Vishwa Vyas Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] human microbiome is composed of the microbes, as well as their genes and genomes thatlive in and on the human body. Scientists are discovering just how important these residentmicrobes are to our health and well-being, particularly with respect to the roles. Most of themicrobes we come in contact with are not germs, but beneficial microbes that digest manythings in our diet—like vegetables—that we could not digest without microbial enzymes,provide energy for our metabolism, make essential vitamins, and act as the first line ofdefense against potential pathogens (i.e., germs).Our microbiomes are quite dynamic over ourlifetimes and change with respect to both the numbers of microbes and their membership. 98

Some appear to be essential members, always present in the microbial communities, whileothers appear to be transients, coming and going over days, weeks, and even years. LSP043-Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal: Recent Techniques Radhika Tapubhai Shidhdhpara School of Science, Department of Microbiology, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat Email: [email protected] metal is the major environmental contaminants and pose a threat to human and animalhealth by their long-term persistence in the environment. Controlled and uncontrolleddisposal of waste, accidental and process spillage, mining and smelting of metalliferous ores,sewage sludge application to agricultural soils are responsible for the migration ofcontaminants into the non-contaminant site, and contribute towards contamination of ourecosystem, So their cleanup or removal usually requires. Most of the conventional remedialtechnologies are expensive and inhibit the soil fertility; this subsequently causes negativeimpacts on the ecosystem. In recent year generate cost-effective technologies that include theuse of microorganisms/biomass or live plants to clean polluted area. Phytoremediation isaesthetic, advantages, effective, environmentally friendly technique and commerciallyavailable in India. They are the best applied at a site that has contamination of heavy metalpollutants, five applications; phytoremediation, rhizosphere bioremediation,phytostabilization, phytoextraction and rhizofiltration. The technology involves efficient useof plants to remove, detoxify the metal contamination by using natural, biological, chemical,or physical process or activities of plants. The plant releases natural substances through itsroots, supplying nutrients to microorganisms in the soil, plant roots absorb the contaminantsalong with other nutrients and water. The contaminant mass is not destroyed but ends up inthe plant shoots and leaves, water soluble metals are taken up by plant species selected fortheir ability to take up large quantities of lead. The metals are stored in the plants shoots,which are harvested and either smelted for potential metal recycling/recovery or are disposedof as a hazardous waste. 99

LSP044-Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Rupal Agrawal Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are produced by a wide variety ofmicroorganisms ranging from bacteria to fungi. Some evidence indicates that MVOCs areeco-friendly and can be exploited as a cost-effective sustainable strategy for use inagricultural practice as agents that enhance plant growth, productivity and disease resistance.MVOCs have also been found as potential alternatives to harmful pesticides, fungicides andbactericides as well as for genetic modification. MVOCs have been found the potential fordiagnosis of various human diseases like gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, respiratorysymptoms. Patients and healthcare professionals have observed that faeces often smellabnormal during gastrointestinal diseases. MVOCs can travel far from the point of productionthrough the atmosphere, porous soil and liquid, making them ideal info- chemicals formediating both short and long distance intercellular and organismal interactions. MVOCsalso appear to be involved in antagonism, mutualism, intra and interspecies regulation ofcellular and developmental process and modification of their surrounding environment.Species-specific volatiles may serve as marker compounds for the selective detection offungal species in indoor environments. Examination of MVOCs from indoor air samples maybecome an important method in indoor air hygiene for the detection of type and intensity ofcontamination. LSP045-Microbial Consortium for Remediation of Heavy metals 1,2Chandrashekharaiah, P.S., 1Avishek Banik, 2Debanjan Sanyal, 3Santanu Dasgupta 1Department of Microbiology, RK University Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2Reliance Industries Ltd. Jamnagar, Gujarat, India 3Reliance Industries Ltd, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, India Email: [email protected] metals tend to bio-accumulate in living organisms. They are highly toxic even at lowconcentration and cause serious health hazards in human beings. Now a days the heavy metalpollution is a global concern and environmental laws are very stringent over the release of 100