အရုဏ်ဦးခရီးသည် ၂ (မကြည်လေး)

“a=omfæ u|efrvm;æ aoewfoH=um;vkd@ ajy;vm+yD; 'aD &muvf mwmav æ [rdk mS ppof m;awG jricf ahJ o;ovm;æ ta':” “[ithf i;f æ ppof m;awG rjricf yhJ gb;l ? yvJG n;f qurf uawmoh [mr@dk jyevf mwm? 'gxuf ajrewof r;D av;aum b,of mG ;rv”J t'J tD csed rf mS yJ tocH s@Jpuuf O;D av;rnS &hf @J toaH y:vmw,?f “A[jdkynf o@lobiuf r=unaf v; tcpk um;ajymwthJ ouH dk =um;wahJ e&mu ycJG i;f xuJ dk tjrejfyef vmyg? tajctaeawG tm;v;kH wn+fird of mG ;yg+y?D &aJ bmtf m;v;kH vn;f &ydS gw,?f r=unaf v;udk apmiahf ew,?f tjrejfyecf yhJ g” v@dk xycf gwvvJ J ac:ae ygw,?f “a[m æ ta': =um;vm; æ t'J g u|erf udk ac:aewmavæ u|erf omG ;awmrh ,af emæf ”v@dk Ew_ qf upf um; ajymvudk af wmæh “tædk [ædk [ædk [@Jæ [@Jæ taJ væ uav;r usKywf @dk vudk yf @dk ay; r,af v aeO;D æ aeO;D ” “tædk aeygap ta':æ &ygw,?f u|erf omG ;&J ygw,?f omG ;+yaD emf ” “at;æ at;æ ra=umuef @J usKywf @dk=unahf er,?f uoJ mG ;awmæh omG ; awm”h yrJG =unvhf udk &f bJ jyeof mG ;whJ ta':w@dkudk Ew_ qf u+fy;D cyof wk of wk f jyef vmcJhw,f? awmfawmfcyfvSrf;vSrf; a&mufawmh aemufjyef=unfhvkdufw,f? va&mif atmurf mS ta':w@dkwawG u|erf buuf ydk J =unahf ew,?f u|erf vmwek ;f uvydk J 0i;f x&uH dk ausm+fy;D 0iof mG ;w,?f O;D av;w@dktm;v;kH Zmwcf akH y:rmS xidk +fy;D u|erf tvmudk apmiahf r#maf e=uw,?f “a[mæ [rdk mS [rdk mS t=unjfyevf m+yD O;D av;”v@dk 0r;f omtm;&e@J atmaf jymvudk wf hJ u|erf ciyf eG ;f &@JtouH dk =um; vudk &f ygw,?f aoewof =Hum;v@dk a=umutf m;ve@ftm;e@J xuG af jy;omG ;whJ u|erf [m jyevf m+y;D tm;v;kH e@JqrkH S u,kd hf bmom u,dk af w;G +y;D &uS af erwd ,?f “vmæ vmæ uJ t=unvf J a&mu+fy?D vvl n;f p+kHyyD J jye=fuz@dk jyi=fu awm”h v@dk O;D av;uajym+y;D u|erf buuf dk vnS =hfunuhf m - “t=unwf @dkuawmah [æh 'tD widk ;f aewthJ cgrmS aE;S oavmuf ta&; ta=umi;f wqhJ &dk if o@lukd b,of rl S rrbD ;l ? bvD ;l e@J [wAdÎ vw@dkuawmh 'wk ,d &wm aygah em”v@dk ajym+y;D &,af eygw,?f =un&hf wm bvD ;l e@J [wAdÎ vvn;f u|erf vydk J Zmw0f icf e;f t0waf weG @JyJ ajy;cyhJ &kH ygw,?f 49

“ti;f æ awmyf gao;&@J 'vD adk jy;wm igwa,muwf n;f r[wk vf @dk” u|erf pwd xf rJ mS ajzomomG ;ygw,?f trd tf jyef avaS y:rmS usrS Zmwpf ckH i;f +y;D &,af e&ygw,?f yxrq;kH u|erf ajy;wmawG ajymjyygw,?f aemuf bvD ;l (uwdk i[f e)f u oal jy;wthJ a=umi;f awG ajymjy ygw,?f “u|eaf wmuf aoewof =Hum;awmh 'g &eof yl J jzp&f r,vf @dk wuG +fy;D vxl k aweG @J a&maerS jzprf ,vf @dk tvrª ¾yf buuf dk ajy;omG ;wm xri;f ±bkH uuf vloH=um;awmh 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ olwkd@qD ajy;oGm;rS olwkd@uvnf; bvD ;l }u;D vm+yaD [h q+dky;D ve@fzsyaf jy;uek vf @dk 'uk aQ &mu&f yekH @J aemuqf ;kH opyf i}fu;D wyiaf tmurf mS 0iyf ek ;f aevudk wf m” v@dk w0g;0g; w[m;[m; e@J ajymjyygw,?f “aemufqHk;awmh bmoHrS r=um;vkd@ wjznf;jznf; tajctae tuJcwf&if; jyevf mwm”w?hJ avaS y:rmS &aJ bmaf w[G m w0g;0g;e@J &,af e=uawmwh ,?f a=omæf yoJG mG ; ausmah usmh yjJGyeaf rmah rmqh wdk m 'grsKd ;yJ xiyf g&@Jæ tomG ;wek ;f uawmh ,rekH m ocD si;f av; wat;at;e@J uwdk iH g av,S mOpf ;D æ ygv@dk/ a[m tcyk JG jye=fuawmæh oe;f aumiaf usmaf vmurf mS trd jfyeaf &muvf mygw,?f trd &f iS af wvG n;f tyd rf & awmyh gb;l ? r;D zxdk rJ mS yJ w[m;[m;e@J u|erf w@dkvn;f rtyd Ef idk af wmyh J pum;0idk ;f xJ rmS yJ tcsed uf ek cf &hJ ygawmwh ,?f a=omfæ omaygif; omaygif;? a&mufw,fqkd±HkyJ a&mufcJh&w,f? olrsm;awG ajymjycsuft& od&wmuawmh omaygif;qkdwm i0efjrpf&J@ b,bf uuf r;f ay:rmS wn&f +dSy;D awmaf wmof m,mvyS w,vf @dk o&d w,?f [adk e@nu jzppf Ouf vn;f vil ,bf m0 tcspaf &;upd rP mS a'goudk rxed ;f Eidk cf vhJ @dk tvyª yJG su+fy;D vxl ak wyG g upOufh &J e@J 'uk jQzpcf &hJ w,?f jzpyf ukH 'vD wdk hJ æ “t'J nD u y=JGuywf m0euf swhJ jynof @lppaf cgi;f aqmiuf ycJG i;f te;D rmS wm0eef @J ui;f apmiahf ewek ;f o@lcspof l uav;rav;u [bkd u&f mG u oel @J+yKdibf uf umvom;e@J w+JGy;D yuJG vdk mwm aw@GomG ;+y;D a'goudk rxed ;f Eidk af wmbh J vuxf uJ puaf oewuf dk r;dk axmif +y;D qyJG pwf m”w?hJ a=omæf vil ,bf m0 tcspaf &;upd qP akd wmæh 'vD ydk J xiyf g&@Jaemæf ? 50

o;kH ygwD n!D wG af &; wnaf qmurf _ om,mvyS whJ c&;D pOf ae&paf wmh jrp0f u|e;f ay:&,f aemitf ajctaeciG jhfyKrS vmcyhJ gO;D r,?f c&D;xGuf&if; cifrif&if;ESD;cJh&wJh rdwfaqGawG/ &JabmfawGtm;vHk;ukd Ew_ qf uf ccJG mG +y;D c&;D xuG cf &hJ jyeyf g+y?D tcsed uf awmh {+yvD uek af vmuf jzprf ,vf @dk ,ql rwd ,?f twtd usawmh rrwS rf ad wmbh ;l ? u|erf w@dkc&;D u jrp0f u|e;f ay:rS txuAf rmjynf ycuk LU c±idk tf xd (t'J rD mS Armjynf ueG jfrLepyf gwD txuAf rm jynfwkdif; XmecsKyf &Sd yg w,f) oGm;&r,fæ wJh? u|efrwkd@&J@ tdrf A[kdXmecsKyf}uD;vnf; ysOf;rem;c±kdifrSm r&Sd awmhbl;æ wJh? “u|efrwkd@ c&;D xuG vf m+y;D aemurf mS &eof ul x;dk ppqf ivf @dk wudk f yjJGzp+fy;D pce;f awtG uek f r;D avmiuf ek wf ,?f OuÏU }u;D e@JwuG acgi;f aqmif awtG m; v;kH &aJ bmaf wtG m;v;kH ab;ui;f &euf i;f &=dSuw,”f v@dk O;D av;u ajymjyv@kd o&d ygw,?f a=omæf u|erf w@dk acgi;f aqmiaf wG &aJ bmaf wtG m;v;kH ab;&euf i;f &iS ;f w,qf wdk m o&d v@dk 0r;f om&ygw,?f 'gayr,hf u,dk uf EpS wf csKd@ umvwck aec&hJ whJ trd af e&m pce;f }u;D udk vrG ;f ovvkd dk EaS jrmwo ovjdkzprf wd mawmh treS yf gy?J u|erf w@dk tjyecf &;D [m tvmwek ;f uc&;D e@Jqdk r;dk e@Jajrayg?h tjyevf r;f c&;D u om,mvudk wf m? wu,ahf &j$ynof m c&;D pOyf gy?J ta=umi;f uawmh jynf o@l&aJ bmaf &m/ tveH yD g o;kH ygwuD dk wygwwD n;f jzpaf &; n!D wG af &;vyk zf @dk vyidk ;f avmuyf vJ adk wmh wthJ csed f t}uKdumv twudk tf cudk f typtf cwaf wG &ypf +Jy;D n!D wG af &;ac:xm;wthJ csed f “+ird ;f csr;f a&;umv”ayg?h tædk aysmpf &m aumi;f vudk f wm wourf mS rarEh idk af vmuaf tmiyf gy?J tomG ;wek ;f u vr;f uawmh ycJ ;l ±;dk r}u;D &@J t&yd uf cdk vdk +_Hy;D ppaf &;t& ow}du;D pmG e@J omG ;c&hJ wchJ &;D ? tctk jyeuf awmh taemuvf idk ;f u um;e@Jaysm&f i$ pf mG omG ;&whJ c&;D yg? vr;f rmS +rKd@e,tf vudk f vud_ vf yJS sLimS q;D }uKd =uwmawuG vn;f rsm;rrS sm;? vr;f rmS w+rKd@+y;D w+rKd@ jzwof e;f vmc&hJ wm jyn/f o&u/f tmv/H pvi;f / pu/k qijfzLu|e;f p onjfzihf pakH ewmygy?J t&iuf wcgrS ra&mubf ;l awmh +rKd@awuG dk tuek rf rwS rf yd gb;l ? uek ;f aZmi;f / a&mS uaf wmqwdk mawvG n;f a&muwf ,?f atmuAf rmjynuf txuf buuf tdk u;l x;l jcm;csuuf awmæh pvi;f / puqk wdk hJ +rKd@awtG 0if um;vr;f ab;rmS ew±f yk }fu;D awG aw@G&w,?f rwwf w&f y+fy;D vuxf rJ mS c±ok i;f uidk xf m;whJ ew±f yk f 51

}u;D aw[G m =unvhf @dk tirf wef wiwhf ,vf yS gw,?f jrerf mah &;S a[mi;f tEyk nm rsm;xrJ S wpeG ;f wpavmuf aw@G&&dS wmyg? ae@pOef @Jtr# bwpf f um;}u;D ay:rmS ouaf wmiohf uof m xidk vf udk af e&awmh aemuyf idk ;f rmS use&f pcf whJ hJ &aJ bmaf wuG dk ow&d vudk wf m? “a=omæf owl @dkwawG yiyf e;f qi;f &pJ mG omG ;vmvy_ &f mS ;ae=u&rmS y”J v@dk pwd rf aumi;f jzprf wd ,?f 'vD edk @JyJ u|erf w@dktm;v;kH ycuk LU c±idk tf wiG ;f a&a$ y:u|e;f te;D u t xuAf rmjynwf idk ;f XmecsKypf ce;f udk acsmarmpmG a&mucf yhJ gw,?f 'aD e&mrmS &utf csKd@ em;+y;D awmh u|erf w@dktz@JG[m aqm/ a,m/ yakH wmi/f ynkH mbuuf dk c&;D xuG &f ygr,?f 'rD mS wif u|erf w@dk rar#mvf ichf whJ hJ upd wP ck ay:vmygawmwh ,?f t'J g uawmh u|erf &@Jciyf eG ;f &aJ bm[f m aeraumi;f v@dk aq;±rkH mS aq;ppvf udk af wmh tqyk f T. B a&m*g jzpaf eygw,?f 'aD &m*g[m u|erf e@J trd af xmiuf s+y;D rS jzpvf mwmyg? aq;uxk m;v@dk aumi;f omG ;wm 2 EpS af usmaf vmuf &adS eyg+y?D tck c&;D omG ;rS jyef ay:vmwmyg? ao;G tewf mrsKd;awmh r&ydS g? t&iuf jzppf rmS awmaf wmf q;dk ygw,?f 'gayr,hf q&m0eof abmu tcsed wf csed ef m;+y;D aumi;f aumi;f uak pcsiyf gw,?f tz@JGtpn;f e@J O;D av;u u|erf w@dk oabmxm;udk ar;ygw,?f u|erf w@dkoabmxm;u “c&;D xuG &f rmS (o;kH ygwD n!D wG af &; ueG zf &iuhf kd omG ;&rmS ) quxf uG of mG ;+y;D =um;umvrmS aq;e@Jxed ;f xm;? t'J cD &;D u jyevf mrS tem;,/l aumi;f aumi;f uok z@dk ajymygw,?f 'gayr,hf O;D av;u “a&m*gjzpaf ewm ovd suef @J vyk if e;f awG quvf yk &f if a&m*gyqkd ;dk omG ;r,?f t'J vD jdkzpof mG ;&if um, u&H iS f &aJ bmtf wuG af &m/ use&f aJ bmrf sm;twuG yf g xcd udk ef pef mapwm rjzpaf p csibf ;l ”q+dky;D c&;D xuG &f mrmS u|erf w@dk EpS af ,muvf ;kH ukd rac:awmbh J ouqf idk &f m acgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ pepfwusaqG;aEG;+yD; qufvufc&D; xGuf oGm;=uygw,f? u|erf w@dke@J twvl mwhJ &aJ bmaf wvG n;f u|erf w@dk EpS af ,muvf ;kH useaf ecwhJ mr@dk vyk if e;f awG twuG f tawmf xcd udk of mG ;+yqD +dky;D pwd rf aumi;f jzp=fuw,?f ppXf mecsKyf aq;±}kHu;D 0,f txuAf rmjynf ajrmuyf idk ;f widk ;f ppXf mecsKyf aq;±}kHu;D rmS u|erf yg aq; ±wkH uf aeygw,?f aq;±tkH yk }fu;D Avdk pf ;dk wihf u awmaf wmaf t;aq; wn+fird yf gw,?f owl @dku u|erf udk a&m*gu;l rmS awmaf wmpf ;dk &rd =f uygw,?f 'gayr,hf u|erf u 52

a&m*gudk pepf wusxm;+y;D uok aewmr@dk te;D uyjfyKpak ewhJ u|erf tz@dk jy\\em r&wdS hJ ta=umi;f ajymjy+y;D vel mudk jyKpck iG hf awmi;f wmr@dk oabmwyl gw,?f aq;±rkH mS vel mvn;f awmaf wmrf sm;w,?f q&m0eaf wvG n;f rsm;ygw,?f aq;oiwf e;f 6 vywf aq;ausmi;f uvn;f ziG xhf m;wmr@dk aq;ausmi;f om;awG vuaf w@Gqi;f csed f jzpyf gw,?f aemuf tewf aD ':r;dk aqG O;D p;D +y;D “om;zmG ; oiwf e;f ausmi;f ”uvn;f zGifhxm;awmh aq;±HkrSm ausmif;om;aygif;pHk&Sd+yD; vkyfief;awGukd ykdifydkifEkdifEkdif vyk Ef idk af ewm aw@G&ygw,?f ye;f aygi;f ppkH mG ye;f O,smOrf mS ppfXmecsKyfaq;±Hk[m‘tif=uif;yif’&GmteD;u awmifukef; uav; wcak y:rmS wnaf qmuxf m;+y;D om,moavmuf aq;±ukH oe@f&iS ;f w,?f pn;f ur;f &wdS ,?f aq;±tkH e;D rmS xe;f awmawG &wdS ,?f naeq&dk if xe;f &uG f xe;f vuf awGay:rSm usa&mufaewhJ aea&mifjcnf[m a&$&nfawG yufzsef;xm;ovm; atmufarh&ygw,f? xef;yifay:u oDcsif;oH[mvnf; wawmvHk;ukd [ed ;f aeygw,?f umvay: ocD si;f awmh r[wk yf gb;l ? aus;vuof bm0 a&;S u ZmwfxkyfxJu oDcsif;awG ikdcsif;awGukd wa,mufwnf; yg;pyfqkdif;wD;+yD; Zmwfcif;aeygw,f? toHuvnf; awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f? =unfvif jywof m;aew,?f atmf csiof avmuaf tmf qcJG siof avmuqf JG om,mygw,?f wcgw&H “,mawm tv,frSmavæ igajymr,f a&$&Sifbk&if&J@æ eifqifjcif eifqifjcifæ ygOD;æ”qdkwJh csif;za0;oDcsif;ukdqkdaewm tidktajym twD;eJ@ em;axmivf @dk aumi;f oavmuf vrG ;f p&mvn;f aumi;f vwS ,?f aq;±ukH oel mjyK q&mrav;awG oiwf e;f oal v; aw[G m i,&f ,G Ef yk sKdoavmuf oabmxm;vn;f aumi;f reG +fy;D vel mtay: quqf aH &;vn;f aumi;f =uygw,?f naeu,dk yf idk tf csed rf mS q&mrav;awG tpvk udk tf pvk udk f 0idk ;f z@JGaewthJ cg widk ;f XmecsKyuf jzpaf p ppwf yuf jzpaf p &aJ bmwf csKd@[m ta=umi;f trsKd;rsKd;e@J a&muf vm+y;D u,dk af &mijf yaewwwf ,?f t'J vD dk a&p$ eG nf Kd 0aJ eayr,hf ausmi;f pn;f ur;f t& b,of wl a,murf # rvy_ &f yJ gb;l ? tx;l ojzihf “om;zmG ;oiwf e;f ”rS tefwD a':rkd; aqGu pnf;urf;tvGef}uD;wmrkd@ ykdvkd@wif;usyfygw,f? owl @dkav;aw[G m q&mawG q&mrawG y@dkcsoi=fum;ay;wmawuG dk aumi;f pmG rwS of m; em,+ly;D wcsed f rmS aq;buqf idk &f m pprf suEf mS rS awmvf eS af &;twuG f 53

jynfolawGtwGuf taumif;qHk; tusdK;jyKEkdif&ef ynmoif,laewJhtcsdef }uKd ;pm;aecsed vf n;f jzpyf gw,?f jynof cl spwf hJ jynof @lq&m0ef tom;nKdnKd u,dk vf ;kH u ao;ao;o,G of ,G f t&yjfrijhfrihf =unvf iwf hJ rsuEf mS e@J cirf iaf zmaf &wG hJ t+yKH ;yidk &f iS uf awmh vel maw&G @J topJ JG q&m0ef Avdk f atmi=funnf eG @fyg? r&kH mG om; jzpyf gw,?f o[l m tEyk nmudk 0goem}u;D ol w a,muf yyD D tqadk umi;f r,'f vif tw;D aumi;f ol wa,muyf g? reucf i;f q&m 0e}fu;D awtG m;v;kH ‘a&mi;f ’vnS +hfy;D wme@Jw+yKdief uf vel maw&G @J rsuEf mS tm;v;kH [m q&m0eaf w&G wdS hJ ±;kH ce;f quD ydk J p;l pudk =f unahf eww=f uw,?f vnwf armah rmeh @J ar#maf wmaf Zme@J armvyS g+yaD um? a[mæ a[mæ q&mvm yg+y?D q&mvmyg+y?D [kwfygw,f? q&mu ol@±Hk;cef;xJu xGufvmuwnf;u ol@&J@jzLazG;aewJh oGm;awGukd ta0;uyif jrifEkdif atmif tm;yg;w& +yHK;jy&if; vlemawGqD ajcvrS ;f us}Ju;D e@J vm aewhJ q&muh dk jrif ae& wwyf gw,?f “q&m vmvm? a[æh ndKao;a& q&mvm+yaD [”h vel mawG[m 0rf;om tm;&eJ@ 0kdif;vm+yD; xHkpHtwkdif; q&m xkdifaewJh ukwifay:rSm 0kdif;xkdifvkduf=uygw,f? ndKao;qkdwmu pnf;0g;vkdufwJh&Jabmfav;? yef;uefvHk;av;wvHk;eJ@ way avmuf&SdwJh 0g;qpfydwfwckeJ@ pnf;0g;acgufzkd@ wwk wf adk v;wacsmi;f q+JGy;D vmygw,?f q&mAvdk af tmi=funnf eG @fu r,'f viuf dk }uKd ;n&d‡ i;f “uJ bmocD si;f qkd=u rvJ vkyfav”vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh ‘nDvmcH’ oDcsif;qkd&atmifvkd@ wa,muuf ajymyg w,?f tm;v;kH u oabmw+ly;D 0idk ;f q=dkuw,?f “nvD mcoH cD si;f ” (&aJ o;G » &rJ mef » xuof eaf yonf » jynof @ltm;awG » xi&f mS ;apc+hJyD » ) 2 » » cswD uvf @dk vmyg+yD » &nrf eS ;f csuyf rmwnl D » 'rD udk a&pD v@ltqiwhf e;f udk wuvf rS ;f rn)f 2 (r;D uek f ,r;f uek f tprG ;f uek f }u=Juz@dk ZJG » » owadW wG &adS eyg+y)D 2 &eof ul dk bmrxD » wudk zf @dk&mvn;f toi&hf +dSyD » acgi;f aqmiaf wG !e¸ jfyygwhJ tred @fouH dk emcaH eyg+yD » » (oH+ydKif) - (wkd@wawG qENjynfh0apawmhrnf » » wkd@&nf&G,fcsuf wufjrufygvSonf » » nDvmcHrSm wifumjyvkd@ qHk;jzwfcJh=uonf » » )2 acgif;aqmif}uD;awG &SdaecJh+yD » wkd@vlxkawG tm;oGefvkd@csD » csdefawmf+yD » ao;G pn;f v@dknD » wyaf ygi;f p}ku;D » atmiyf cJG EH idk rf nf » 54

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ac: =u+yD; cspfcifav;pm;=uygw,f? &GmawGu uav;vl}uD;tm;vHk;uvnf; “a':tewf ”D v@dk ac: =u cirf i=fuygw,?f tewf [D m ±yk rf vaS yr,hf EvS ;kH om;v+Sy;D pwd xf m;reG jfrwof jlzpyf gw,?f tewf rhD suEf mS udk aoaocsmcsm =unrhf &d if x;l jcm;vyS whJ ye;f Eak &mif Ew_ cf r;f yg; av;udk aw@GEidk yf gw,?f (t&ypf um;e@Jajym&if Ew_ cf r;f yg;&if \"m;vxdk u+fy;D tirf wef ‘pmG ’ w,vf @dk q±dk ;dk &cdS whJ ,?f tcak wmh 'ge@Jqe@fusipf mG ygy?J ) pum;ajym&if w;dk wwd f niof mwhJ toyH idk &f iS f u±%k m&iS wf O;D jzpaf ewm aw@G&w,?f tewf uhD dk v}lu;D r@dk tm;&adS tmif &zH e&f cH g tm[m&&wdS hJ aumi;f whJ tAdk m wi;f / ridk vf /dk a[mvppf wmawuG dk 0,af y;xm;wwyf gw,?f t'J uD mvwek ;f u ygwD[m twwfynm&SifawGukd tajctaeay;&if ay;ovkd *±kpkdufapmifha&SmufEkdifwJh tae txm;awG &SdcJhygw,f? 'Dvkdtm[m&&SdwJh tpm;taomuaf wuG dk tewf uD b,wf ek ;f urS owl a,muwf n;f ro;kH b;l ? aq;±wkH uaf ewhJ tm;en;f whJ vtdk ywf hJ vel mawuG dk ay;vyª pwf ,?f 'gwirf u opfoD;0vHrsdK;pHkukd &moDvkduf ay:&if ay:ovkd ygwDuvnf; vlemawGukd ay;wwyf gw,?f tewf vD n;f &wwyf gw,?f =uuOf pwmawvG n;f &wdS ,?f t&yxf uJ trd rf mS vyk wf hJ rek @fpwmawuG vdk n;f O;D O;D zsm;zsm; b&k m;v/ª bek ;f }u;D v+ª y;D &if tewf @DtwuG f vmay;=uwmy?J 'gawtG m;v;kH udk tewf uD aq;±rkH S vel mawG 'grrS [wk f &mG xrJ S vel mawuG dk ay;ur;f v'ª ge;f ypwf mcsn;f ygy?J tewf [D m t'J vD dk EvS ;kH vyS idk &f iS f wO;D jzpf ygw,?f tarcsuwf hJ csOaf ygi[f i;f pm;csiwf ,f wcgwek ;f u ajrmuyf idk ;f widk ;f aq;±}kHu;D rmS trwS xf ixf if tjzptf ysuwf ck jzpcf zhJ ;l w,?f &aJ bmaf v;wa,muf zsm;wm=umawmh oyd tf m;en;f +y;D rsuEf mS awG ajc vuaf wtG m;v;kH jzLzyjfzLa&mjfzpaf e ygw,?f 'ga=umiahf e@pOf tm;aq;awoG iG ;f ay;/ tAdk mwi;f vn;f ae@pOwf udk /f yg;pyuf vn;f tpm;taomuf reS rf eS pf m;ay;z@dk vydk g w,f? tJ'Dvkd tpmeJ@aq; ESpfzuf!‡yfukae&w,f? cufwmu &aJ bmaf v;uxri;f au|;&if “rpm;csibf ;l ”“rpm;csibf ;l ” v@dk t+rwJ r;f acgi;f cgw,?f q&mr av;awuG acsmah csmh armah rmah u|;&if atmif adk wmwh my?J 'vD dk t}urd }furd f 57

&vdS m +y;D aemuf wae@ xri;f au|; aecsed rf mS xpkH tH widk ;f atm[f pif ,dk adk eawmh q&mr av;awvG n;f }u&H mr&jzp+fy;D tewf uhD dk ajy;+y;D widk =fuawmh wmayg?h tewf vD n;f tajctaereS uf dk o&d wme@J w+yKdief uf &aJ bmaf v;qD csuf csi;f ta&muf ajy;omG ;vudk wf ,?f &aJ bmaf v;[m tewf uhD dk jri&f awmh 0r;f en;f yuvf ujfzp+fy;D ‘tar’w,um yidk ydk gawmwh ,?f tewf [D m &aJ bmf av;&@J ab;rmS 0ixf idk +fy;D ausmav;udk tomt,mywG af y;&i;f acsmah jymygw,?f “oyd rf iykd ge@J &aJ bm&f ,?f i&dk veG ;f tm;}u;D &if &wdS thJ m;awG uek of mG ; wwf w,?f wwd yf g/ wwd yf g? yg;pycf g;w,qf dk yg;pyuf dk ziG jhfyygO;D tewf =Dunphf r;f ygO;D r,f æ tædk v#mrmS v#may;G awG (zsm;wm=um&if jzpwf wwf hJ v#may:rS tjzLzwrf sm; ] v#mayG;) trsm;}uD;&SdwmyJ? 'ga=umifh yg;pyfcg;wm? udpPr&Sdbl;? tewf vD yk af y;rmS aygh [wk vf m;? u-J uJ ajymygO;D bm[i;f awG pm;csiof v”J v@dk? “tarcsuwf hJ csOaf ygi[f i;f æ pm;csiwf ,”f &aJ bmaf v;u towH ;dk w;dk av;e@J ajym+y;D tewf &D @JrsuEf mS udk pudk =funahf ew,?f rsuEf mS av;uawmh irdk rhJ æhJ “&aJ bm&f ,f apmapmursm; ajymygawmæh vm;æ u,G ”f “ajymcsiaf yr,hf taruæ atmujfynrf mS æ ta0;}u;D æ” &aJ bmaf v;&@J touH wrd 0f iof mG ;+y;D aemuxf yf pum;v;kH rsm;tpm; yg;jyiaf y:rmS rsu&f naf woG m p;D usaeygw,?f “tr,af v;æ om;&,æf jzp&f avu,G æf taru ta0;rmS q&dk if om;udk tewf uD csuaf u|;rmS ayg?h tewf D [m om;w@dk&@Jæ taryaJ væ tewf D csuaf u|;ygrh ,f æ om;&,”f tewf [D m o@l&@Jvuuf idk yf 0gav;udk xwk +fy;D w±ud_ ±f ud_ if adk ewhJ &aJ bmf av;udk rsu&f naf wG owk af y;&i;f - “om;a&æ tarcsuwf hJ csOaf ygi[f i;f u bmawxG n+hfy;D csuof vuJ ,G æf taruh dk csuef n;f av; ajymjyygO;D ” “csOaf ygi&f uG f tcsO&f uG af um tcg;&uG yf g aygi;f xn+hfy;D awmh ig;uizf xhJ n/hf i±wk of ;D prd ;f yyG tG awmi}hfu;D 3-4 awmifh xujfcr;f jcr;f xn/hf arc$ su?f csume;D &if yipf rd ;f jzpjfzpf eeH yH ijfzpjfzpf rsm;rsm;xnthf yk vf udk ”f “at;æ at;æ [wk yf g+yuD ,G ?f reujfzef &ud mQ r;ª e@J +rKd@aps;udk vwdk mawG rmS vudk rf ,?f oebf ucf g naeqdk tar aumi;f aumi;f e@J rsm;rsm;csuaf u|;rmS aygæh aem?f om;av; pwd cf sygu,G ”f 58

aemuf 2 &uaf vmu&f adS wmh “tarcsuwf hJ csOaf ygi[f i;f ”udk ao;G awmi;f aewhJ &aJ bmaf v;[m awmvf eS af &;taru csuaf u|;whJ csOaf ygi[f i;f udk oil ,cf si;f &aJ bmaf wuG ydk gac:+y;D tm;yg;w& aysmaf ysmyf g;yg; pm;=uygawmwh ,?f 'ge@Jwif rwi;f wrd Ef ikd af o;v@dk aemuxf yyf aJG wmi;f wme@J tewf uD aemuxf yf 2 }urd f xycf suf au|;vudk yf gao;w,?f tewf [D m &aJ bmuf av; tm;yg;w& pm;aewmudk =unhf =un+hfy;D =unEf ;l 0r;f omrq;kH jzp&f &mS w,?f csOaf ygi[f i;f csuaf u|;+y;D aemuvf n;f w jcm;aumi;f E;dk &m&m [i;f udk pO;f pm;+y;D rjywcf sujfyKwf au|;ar;G jyKpak y;vudk vf @dk &aJ bmf av;[m tpmtm[m& aumi;f aumi;f e@J jyKpck &H +y;D rcd iaf rwmW uydk g &&cdS hJ wma=umihf wvausmaf usmaf vmuf tcsed tf wiG ;f use;f rmvmygw,?f 'aD emuf q&m0ef q&mr aweG @J vel m&aJ bmaf wuG vdk n;f vtdk ywf mawG unl vD yk uf idk f ay;Eidk f vmw,?f aemuqf ;kH awmh use;f rma&; cidk rf m omG ;+yrD @dk &aJ bmaf v;[m tewf eD @J aq;±tkH rx_ r;f rsm;udk Ew_ f qu+fy;D o@lrcd iwf yzf @JG &&dS mo@kd jyevf nxf uG cf mG omG ;awmh w,?f tm;w;dk aq;}u;D tcsed uf awmh 1953 cEk pS af vmuuf v@dk xiyf gw,?f twtd usawmh rrSwfrdawmhbl;? pcef;wGif;rSm “atmufwkdbm awmfvSefa&; txdrf;trSwf” jyKvyk wf yhJ qJG wdk muadk wmh owwd &&adS ew,?f “yoJG mG ;=un&hf atmi”f v@dk rrneG @f (a':cirf sKd;neG @f- Avdk rf ;ª cspaf umi;f Ze;D ) u ac:v@dk u|erf yvJG udk =funwhf ,?f t'J nD u y[JG m val wmaf wmpf nyf gw,?f (t'J nD u rrsKd;oe@f(q&m0e-f tysKd}u;D )u &aJ bmaf w&G @J awmi;f qrdk t_ & uvk m;u uygw,?f rsuvf ;kH rsuzf ef aumi;f aumi;f EmS waH y:ay: qm&aD v;e@J uvk m;u uwm awmaf wmvf yS +y;D yom' &vdS wS ,?f &aJ bmaf wuG w}urd f ujy wme@J tm;r&ao;bJ xycf gyaJG wmi;f aev@dk awmi;f ye,f &l ygw,?f &aJ bmf rrsKd ; oe@f[m aemirf mS ycJ ;l ±;dk r rmuh pf 0f g'/ veD i0f g' A[ydk gwD Eidk if aH &;oif we;f ausmi;f / ausmi;f tyk f &aJ bmrf sKd ;wi&hf @J Ze;D jzpvf mw,?f oul ,dk wf idk uf o&ucf ±idk f ygwD aumrf wwD O;D jzpwf ,?f wudk yf aJG wtG wiG ;f rmS emrnf ausm=fum; ojlzpvf @dk &eof ul o@ludk emrnf zsu+fy;D ,wk rf mpmG emrnaf y;cwhJ mawuG vkd n;f =um;oad ec&hJ z;l w,?f &aJ bmrf rsKd ;oe@f[m ycJ ;l ±;dk r&@J tirf wef cucf vJ wS hJ umvrsm;twiG ;f &eof el @J wudk yf rJG mS o&l aJ umi;f yoD pmG usq;kH omG ;c&hJ whJ ycJ ;l ±;dk r ay:u =u,ef wD yiG yhf g? 59

tav;jyKvudk yf gw,f &aJ bm?f &aJ bm&f @J wudk yf 0JG ipf wd \"f mw[f m Armjynf tzEd ydS cf jHynof al w&G @J EvS ;kH om;rmS x0pOf &iS of eaf ermS yg)? 'aD emurf mS jyZmwjfyygw,?f jynzf ;kH um;udk ziG vhf udk af wmæh um;=um; xuJ ae Zmwcf tkH v,af &muaf tmif yvk i;f }u;D wv;kH vrd 0hf ivf m+y;D Zmwcf tkH v,f vnf; a&mufa&m vJaewJh ykvif;}uD;u axmifvmygw,f? tm;wkd;aq;}uD;vkd@vnf; a&;xm;wm awG@&w,f? aemufwcef;rSmawmh oel mjyKq&mrav; 0ivf mw,?f vel mudk tm;w;dk aq; x;dk ay;ygw,?f “vel mu a=umufawmh tom;ukd wif;xm;vkd@ aq;xkd;tyfu tom;xJr0ifbl;”wJh? q&mru nnf;nnf;nLnLeJ@ xbDukd wifyg;ay: r wifvkduf+yD; pD;xm;wJh cjkHrizhf ed ywf zuuf dk qcJG |wuf m aq;x;dk yudk f tay:yidk ;f udk EpS cf suof ;kH csuaf vmuf ±kdufoGif;w,f? aq;xkd;ykduf tom;xJa&mufrS aq;oGif;+yD; ykdufukdjyefc|wfawmhvnf; c|wfr&vdk@ aq;xkd;ykdufukd pHkudkif vlem&J@cg;ukd ajcaxmufeJ@uef +yD; c|wfawmh q&mrvnf; (a,mufsm;rif;orD;) aemufukd yuvf uvf ef vaJ wmwh my?J vel muvn;f tr,af v; w+y;D vrdS hf aewmy?J y&od wf qwdk m wa0ga0ge@J &,af e&w,?f aemuf or;D &n;f pm; EpS af ,muf csed ;f aw@G=uw,?f aq;±pkH n;f ur;f u 15 red pyf J tcsed af y;w,?f pum;ajym&i;f ajym&i;f e@J tcsed uf apoh mG ;+y;D trsKd ;or;D u jyeaf wmrh ,vf yk af wmh trsKd;om;u“ta&;}u;D whJ pum;o;kH ceG ;f udk rajym&ao;v@dk” q+dky;D twi;f wm;w,?f uav;rav;uvn;f pn;f ur;f owrf wS cf suxf uf veG af e +yrD @dk a=umuaf e&mS w,?f trsKd;om;uvn;f pum;udk twi;f quaf jymaew,?f ab;em;u ui;f &aJ bmuf vn;f tcsed af pvh @dk c&mav;udk rw_ f rw_ +fy;D tcsuaf y; aew,?f 'gvn;f r&awmh ui;f orm;u c&mukd o&H nS qf +JGy;D t=um}u;D rw_ yf g awmwh ,?f ('aD e&mrmS y&od wuf xed ;f r&awmh ygb;l ? w0g;0g;e@J )? t'J vD dk rw_ &f i;f rw_ &f i;f pum;u ruek Ef idk af wmh ui;f orm;&aJ bmaf v;u c&mudk o&H nS rf w_ &f i;f tm;jywf a&mS ch jfzp+fy;D vuJ s omG ;ygw,?f 'aD wmrh S pum;ajymaewhJ or;D &n;f pm; armief @Jr,[f m vuJ somG ;whJ &aJ bmqf uD dk ajy;vmum “vm=uygO;D ? u,=fuygO;D ? ui;f &aJ bmaf v; a&mS ch jfzpvf @dk vuJ somG ;v@dk vm=uyg? u,=fuyg”e@J atm[f pf =uawmh b,vf vdk yk f rS ow&d rvm? owvd nrf vmb;l ? 60

aemuqf ;kH &aJ bmwf a,muuf “aeO;D aeO;D igrh mS aq;en;f wck &wdS ,”f v@dkajym+y;D “OKHzæG a[mvp”f v@dk re;f vudk af wmh vel m[m en;f en;f av;vy_ vf m+y;D yg;pyrf mS wyxf m;whJ c&mav;u ‘&’D$ v@dk w;dk w;dk av; jrnvf mw,?f “t[J wk +fy?D [wk +fy”D v@dk q+dky;D aemuwf }urd f “OKHzæG ridk vf ”dk v@dk xyrf e;f vudk jfyeaf wmh vel m[m yvdk y_ vf m+y;D c&mouH vn;f ‘&’D$ v@dk toH yudk s,vf mw,?f aemuqf ;kH “OKHæ zæG tAdk mvwf i;f ”v@dk xyrf e;f vudk af wmh vel m[m taumi;f yuwjd zp+f y;D c&mukd o&H nS qf JG rw_ af eawmwh ,?f wce;f &yjfyZmwuf 'rD mS wif tq;kH owof mG ;w,?f 'g±udk wf mvyk wf hJ &aJ bmvf n;f y+JGy;D omG ;uwn;f u aysmuof mG ;wm &mS r&b;l ? (yek ;f aewmav)? t'J nD u ycJG i;f xrJ mS tewf wD a,muf (or;D &n;f pm; pum;ajymwm tcsed f 15 red pyf aJ y;v@dk rausey=fuwme@J o,G 0f udk af 0zewf mu)dk pwd rf q;dk Eidk ±f rkH u w0g;0g; w[m;[m; &,af e&wm? rsu&f nrf sm;awmif usv@dk? ab;u &aJ bmaf wuG tewf uhD dk tm;vn;f em pwd qf ;dk rmS uvdk n;f p;dk &rd =fuw,?f tewf uD “a=omæf vil ,f qadk wmh æ cspwf mwcwk n;f em;vnf w,?f tewf bhD uuf =unahf wmh 15 red pqf wdk hJ tcsed [f m vel mwa,mutf wuG f aoa&;&iS af &;uakd wmif tq;kH tjzwf ay;Ekdif wmrkd@ 'Dvkd owfrSwf&wm? at;avæ olwkd@av;awG }uD;vmawmh ovd mygvrd hf r,”f w?hJ a=omæf tewf æD tewf æD tewf [D m 'vD ydk J &aJ bmaf wtG ay: t+rwJ r;f em;vncf iG vhf w$ Ef idk yf gw,?f tewf D a':r;dk ap[G m rE aW v;aq;±}kHu;D u ppwP m jzpyf gw,?f rp;dk p;dk / rcif jrpqD wdk hJ oel mjyKq&mrav; EpS af ,muf tygt0if aygi;f 3 a,muf awmcvdk m=u+y;D awmvf eS af &;xrJ mS aq;twwyf nme@J jynof ul dk tvyk tf au|;jyKcyhJ gw,?f tewf D a':r;dk apuG dk ygwaD cgi;f aqmif &aJ bmof ciAf [ed ;f u,dk wf idk f pn;f ±;kH xm;wmv@dkvn;f o&d ygw,?f tewf aD ':r;dk apG 'grrS [wk f ar*sma':r;dk ap?G aq;twwyf nme@J wm0e ,f cl whJ hJ tewf uhD dk ppwf ytf aee@J ay;xm;whJ tqiuhf awmh ‘ar*sm’tqiyhf g? tewf [D m ycuk LU Zmwyd g? atmirf mC x;dk pp}fu;D +y;D omG ;+y;D aemuf t xuAf rmjynwf ae&mrmS &eof zl r;f r+dy;D axmiuf sc&hJ &mS w,?f vwG +fird ;f csr;f omciG ehf @J tewf D axmiuf vwG vf mawmh ycuk LU rmS yJ rcd itf }dku;D e@Jtwl aexidk +fy;D at;csr;f pmG vyk uf idk f pm;aomuaf eygw,?f (u|erf 1961 rmS &eof @ltusO;f axmiuf vwG f 61

vm+y;D aemuf 1964 cEk pS af vmuuf ycuk uU dk wacguaf &muaf wmh tewf eD @J qjkHzpf ygao;w,)f ? tewf [D m +rKd@ay:rmS aq;vyk if e;f vyk &f i;f tysKd}u;D b0jzihf u,G vf eG f omG ; &mS +yvD @dk o&d ygw,?f tewf &D @J vyS reG jfrwwf hJ pwd \"f mwuf dk EvS ;kH oiG ;f &i;f tewf aD umi;f &mo*k wd vm;ygapv@dk qak wmi;f aerwd ,?f »»» »»» »»» O;D av;w@dk tz@JGvn;f c&;D xuG &f mu jyeaf &muvf mc+hJy?D “o;kH ygwD ueG f z&i”hf (tveH /D jynof @l&aJ bm/f Armjynuf eG f jrLepyf gw)D vn;f ueG zf &iohf mvyk f c&hJ w,f &nrf eS ;f csurf atmijfricf yhJ gb;l w?hJ v}lu;D awG jyeaf jymjyaewmuawmh “e,cf s@JaZmi;f u yxdk uwf ,”f “ya'o&mZaf Zmi;f u yxdk uwf ,”f qwdk hJ tjii;f tcjkHzpyf mG ;cwhJ ,?f 0r;f en;f p&m aumi;f wmu “n!D wG af &;r&wm”jzpwf ,?f tveH eD @Jn!D wG af &;[m awmvf eS pf paf tmijfriaf &;&@J aomch sujfzpwf ,qf wdk mvn;f rmS ;cwhJ ,wf ?hJ ta=umi;f uawmh tveH yD gw[D m rmuh pf vf eD i0f g' ygwD r[wk af wmh v@dk ygy?J aemirf mS “+ird ;f csr;f a&; !eG @faygi;f tp;dk &vr;f pO”f e@J ywof uvf @dkæ ygwD acgi;f aqmirf sm;u cvk edk *d ;kH csKyjfyygw,?f “+idrf;csrf;a&; !Gef@aygif;tpkd;&vrf;pOf” [m tESpfom&tm;jzifh - awmvf eS pf puf &dk y/f t&i;f &iS f Oya'abmitf wiG ;f 0i/f tyk pf ;dk aewhJ t&i;f &iS ef @Jw+JGy;D !eG @faygi;f tp;dk &z@JGa&;jzpwf ,?f w±wk jfynuf pp±f ;H_ v@dkxuG af jy;vmwhJ url iwf ef (w±wk jfzL) tE &W m,uf dk ywdk uG rf jdci;f a=umihf 'vD r;f pOf ay:vmwm jzpwf ,wf ?hJ icdk si&f uef @J Zmwuf uG uf pdk &,vf udk &f w,f tcsed uf awmh 1959 ck aqmi;f O;D nwn jzpyf gw,?f b,vf rdS nhf mapmi;f e@J tyd rf &Eifdk yf g? ajrmujfyeaf ve@Jtwl tvnvf udk yf gvmwhJ toaH v;uawmh - “b0Zmwqf &m qodk r# tvudk s icdk &hJ æ usr b0yg&iS æf owl umawG aysmaf ysm&f i$ &f i$ f aysm&f i$ af &;æ a0;cahJ ygxh iæf taq;G Zmwvf r;f æ rwS wf r;f wif ” qwdk hJ ocD si;f oaH v;u v@lb0udk wapwh apmi;f azmjfyaeygw,?f 62

a=omæf om,mvudk wf hJ toaH v;&,?f om,mr&_ @Jaemurf mS aq;G ajr@ a=uuGJwJh t&dyfuav;yg wGJygaewmukdvnf; cHpm;aerdw,f? 'DtoHav;ukd =um;&awmh [ædk ta0;rmS use&f pcf whJ hJ to&H iS af v;uvdk n;f aw@Gvjdkrivf vdk wS ,?f aw@Gz@dk&muawmh rv,G vf bS ;l xiyf g&@Jaemæf to&H iS af v;u re;f &mjynyhf aJG wmf ycJG i;f }u;D &@Jtvnrf mS “a&y$ vJG mrsm; &i$ tf m;&apz@dk xi&f mS ;b0tajc rv,G wf hJ uacsonfruav; wOD;ayyJaemfæ u|efruawmh a&$rE Wav;ukd tJ'Dae@rSm a&muvf mwhJ toppf upf uf Eidk if aH &;tusO;f om; axmiof m;wa,muyf g? u|erf [m b0wav#muvf ;kH jzwof e;f usivf ncf &hJ whJ b0&@JtvnS hf tajymi;f awuG dk iahJ pmi;f xqk pf ziG vhf pS =funahf eryd gw,?f u|erf æ u|erf u ueG jfrLepwf a,muyf yD D vuef urf csbJ &iahf um+hy;D axmixf 0J icf whJ ,?f u|erf udk zr;f rwd hJ wy&f i;f r;ª u u|erf udk ppaf q;&i;f e@J ajym aew,?f “uav;r ciAf sm;[m i,af o;w,?f v@lavmuta=umi;f bmr# rod ao;bl;? vufeufrcsbl;qdk&if axmifcs&vdrfhr,f? axmifqkdwm vlaumif; awaG ewhJ ae&m r[wk bf ;l ? vql ;dk ocl ;dk \"m;jyawG aewahJ e&m? vuef ucf svudk yf g? ciAf sm;rmS bmvuef urf S ygwmr[wk bf ;l ? yg;pyuf yJ ajym&wm? bm0eaf v;p&m &odS v?J 'ga=umihf vuef ucf svudk yf g” w?hJ Avdk rf ;ª q;l Am; (cv& 26 wy&f i;f r;ª ) u tcsKd owf +y;D ajymaewmyg? t'J vD adk jymwhJ pum;awuG dk em;axmi&f i;f u|erf acgi;f xrJ mS &yd uf eJ &dyfueJ jzwfoef;aewJh tod^m%fawGuawmh “vufeufcsvkdufyg? bmvufeufrSvnf; &Sdwmr[kwfbl;”wJh? tkdæ [kd[kdæ bm&rvJ? 'vD tdk ajymrsKd ;awG q,Ef pS qf ,rf ;dk tyiyf e;f tqi;f &cJ +Hy;D tao;G tom;e@J &i;f +y;D wnaf qmuvf mcwhJ hJ “',D =kHuncf suf 'tD aw;G tac:”udk rmS ;ygw,vf @dk b,af wmrh S vuef ucf s tnrhH cbH ;l ? “'rD mS æ Avkd rf ;ª æ Avdk rf ;ª [m w;dk wuwf hJ w±wk jf ynof pof rwR Eidk if H awm}fu;D udk omG ;a&muaf vvh mcahJ yr,hf aemuqf ;kH usawmh 'uD vk m;xidk rf mS xidk +fy;D 'pD um;yJ ajymwmyaJ em?f u|erf [m ueG jfrLepwf a,mu?f val umi;f wa,mu?f 'g a=umihf b,af wmrh S vuef urf csb;l ? Avdk rf ;ª w@dk w&m;Oya'twidk ;f om ppD Oyf g”v@dk ajym&i;f &eof ul dk &iaf umh tEidk ,f vl udk wf ,?f 63

Avdk rf ;ª q;l Am;[m u|erf udk oem;p&m ow0W gav;yqJ wdk hJ t=unrhf sKd ;e@J =un+hfy;D tapmiahf wuG kd =unvhf udk uf m u|erf udk tcsKycf e;f jyeyf @dkvudk zf @dk tred @fcs vudk wf ,?f arwmW yvk yJ e;f rsm;æ ocD &hJ m0,f u|erf [m re;f &mjynuhf iG ;f quD ys@HviG vhf mwhJ ‘b0Zmwqf &m’ ocD si;f oH udk em;axmi&f i;f u|erf i,bf 0quD dk taw;G tm±kH a&muof mG ;ygw,?f vli,fwkd@bm0 t&G,fa&mufvmawmh tazmfrGefeJ@twl ,SOfwGJ+yD; tem*wuf dk ar#mrf eS ;f ysoH e;f vpdk wd &f adS yr,hf twwd uf tyd rf uqf ;dk a=umifh r0rhH &J jzpfcJh&ygw,f? 'Dtdyfrufqkd;[m u|efrb0twGuf }uD;rm;wJh tuef@towf jzpcf &hJ yg w,?f *syeaf cwf uav;b0wek ;f uayg?h u|erf e@J upm;azmuf pm;zuf oil ,f csi;f &@J O;D av;u u|erf udk cspaf &;qwdk ,?f u|erf u uav;qadk wmh 'gawG pwd rf 0if pm;awmh oul vwl e;f pm;t& azmjfyvmw,?f ajr&iS of al Ï;}u;D &@Jajr;qadk wmh wae@ u|erf tazmf aweG @J a&cyof mG ;wm c;dk ajy;w,?f 'vD ekd @J u|erf 12 EpS af usmaf usmf 13 EpS f rjynchf if uav;b0rmS yJ ye;f aumi;f t!eG @fusKd; vyS whJ z;l iukH av;udk csKd;zhJ acsrwG m cvH udk &f w,?f 'wD nwm tyd rf uqf ;dk a=umihf v=lum;xuJ vdk n;f r0i&f /J rajym&/J &uS af =umupf wd /f ord if ,f pwd rf sm; &cwhJ ,?f 'tD yd rf uqf ;dk udk &ixf rJ mS v#Kd@0uS xf ed ;f ord ;f xm;+y;D b0=uiaf zmf tjzpf vuwf vJG odk rl sm;udk yiG yhf iG vhf i;f vi;f ziG rhf ajym&?J tysKd tppyf gv@dk vrd nf m+y;D awmvh n;f r,cl si?f 'vD ydk J aecwhJ ,?f wae@awmh u,dk ef @Jausmi;f aezuf oil ,cf si;f / u|erf &@Jb0udk em;vnwf hJ &aJ bmwf a,muuf cspaf &;qvdk mawmh b0=uiaf zmtf jzpf vuwf cJG whJ ,?f u|erf u &mouyf ef awmvf eS af &;orm; vyk rf mS ? u|erf vvdk yk Ef idk of ul rdk S vuxf yrf mS v@dk ajym awmh oul vn;f &mouyf ef awmvf eS af &;orm; vyk rf mS ygw?hJ t'J vD dk uwad y; vm ygw,?f uwrd wn&f if b,vf tdk ajc taersKd;rmS jzpjfzpf vr;f c&JG r,vf @dk ajym+y;D u|erf w@dk vuxf ycf whJ ,?f 3 EpS wf mavmuf awmvf eS af &;xrJ mS tcutf crJ sm;udk &iqf idk f ausmjfzwcf +hJy;D wae@rmS taw;G tac: t,tl qcsi;f nrd‡ &wahJ emuqf ;kH vr;f ccJG whJ ,?f aemuf 2 EpS af usmaf vmuf =umwthJ csed f &mouyf evf uwf vJG wdk hJ tu}dku;D e@Jaw@G+y;D 'wk ,d t}urd f b0=uiaf zmf tjzpf b0opxf al xmicf whJ ,?f pwd wf l oabm 64

wl =unjfzL+y;D &mouyf evf uwf vJG wdk hJ tu}dku;D [m rar#mvf ibhf J wudk yf rJG mS usq;kH omG ;v@dk ucJG &hJ w,?f u|erf uawmh awmvf eS af &;rek wf idk ;f xrJ mS wa,muwf n;f yJ quvf uqf iEf vJ$ suf jzwof e;f vsu?f ,r;f ai@Ga0a0 &rS ;f jynaf wmiyf idk ;f c±idk rf mS c±idk uf eG zf &iuhf dk EpS pf Of rwvf 28 &uaf e@rmS usi;f yw,?f ae@yikd ;f rmS Eidk if aH &;t& vr;f pOqf idk &f mawG aq;G aE;G q;kH jzw=fuw,?f aus;&mG roS nf c±idk tf xd acgi;f aqmirf sm; a&;G aumuwf iaf jrm‡ uyf aJG wG usi;f y a&;G cs,=f uw,?f nburf mS awmh aysmyf &JG i$ yf tJG jzpf &mG tvudk f ,rd ;f tursm;/ atmyf &mtvjSyrsm;/ aemuqf ;kH rmS awmh jyZmw&f ydS gw,?f jyZmwuf adk wmh c±idk f acgi;f aqmiaf wG yg0if ujyw,?f 'wD ek ;f u jynof wl &yvf ;kH u +ird ;f csr;f a&;qEaN wG jyi;f jyaecsed qf adk wmh “,r;f ai@Ga0a0”qwdk jhJyZmwuf dk jyw,?f 'jDyZmwrf mS u|erf yg0i+fy;D ujyay;z@dk awmi;f qwdk m0eaf y;vmv@dk u|erf vn;f EpS tf awm=fum tEk ynme@J ui;f umG ae&mrS jyevf nwf m0e,f cl whJ ,?f 'wD nuadk wmh trwS xf ixf iyf gy/J 1957 cEk pS /f rwvf 31 &uaf e@n? (rwvf 27 &unf u wcg ujy+y;D om;yg? vxl }ku;D &@J awmi;f qrdk a_ =umihf tcwk cg xyuf jy wmyg)? t'J nD u &mG }u;D u ‘pEuN Ed &M ’D tvjSy o±yk af zmuf uuG f uav;u vnf; vlxk y&dwfowf}uD;&J@ aumif;csD;=obmoHawG=um;rSm 0JysHvsufyg? eeH uvf i;f vvk yk g? jyZmw&f @J Zmw&f edS uf tjriqhf ;kH tcsed f (cspof l ausmi;f om; acgi;f aqmiuf UG vyk if e;f vyk af epOf &eof ul zr;f r/d EydS pf ucf &H v@dk usq;kH omG ;+y;D ook merf mS *ol iG ;f xm;wmæ usecf whJ hJ cspof rl ed ;f uav;u vrG ;f o@lye;f acG omG ;cswhJ tce;f ) w;D 0ikd ;f u vrG ;f o@lye;f acG ocD si;f ukd vrG ;f qwG zf ,G &f m w;D ay;ae ygw,?f vrG ;f o@lye;f acG (ocD si;f ) (EpS af wG » vawG » tcsed =fumanmi;f v@dk » &motD aygi;f » » awG » b,vf adk jymi;f ygap » usq;kH whJ &aJ bmf taygi;f awG » touaf o;G awG » vcª ohJ av » a=omf » » » rarEh idk af y » wr;f wumae » ajzrajy » vrG ;f o@l ye;f acG » vrS ;f viuhf myaJ e ») 2 A » rm » jynf » EpS &f nS vf &nS f » c|w+fcKH usap » e,cf s@Jorm; awG » aoG; » » pkyfcJhay » 'Dae@ 'Dcsdefcgrav » wa,mufeJ@ wa,muf[m » 65

touuf tdk ycf g » E=J$uygwhJ » awmvf eS af &; vr;f c&;D ay:rmS av » usq;kH oal wG » reS ;f ar#mvf @dkae » ye;f acG quvf rS ;f ae » (awmfvSefa&; vrf;c&D;uawmh r+yD;qHk;ao;wJh 'DcsdefcgrSmav » w@dk&aJ bmaf wG reS ;f ar#mcf whJ hJ » atmiyf e;f uvdk n;f » vrS ;f umaeqrJ av » vrG ;f &pwf hJ » &aJ bmtf aygi;f awG » vrG ;f pmz@JGacG » t\"Ïd mejfyKrav)2 » 'aD e@'cD sed cf g » » rav » e,f cs@Jorm; » » e@J » ±yk af o;±yk rf sm;uadk wmh » vupf m;aemf acsygrav » qxuwf ;dk ay » tm;rmewf i;f ay » wudk zf @dk ta&;awG » t\"Ïd mejf yKrav » u|r;f wohJ l » (vrG ;f oyl e;f acG »)2 »jre;f » » wohJ l » Zmenef e;f vr$ ;f vudk yf g+yaD v » (A » » rm » » jynf » » EpS &f nS f » v&nS f »æ æ æ æ æ ye;f acG quvf rS ;f ae) rwS cf su-f (aemif ta&@Sajrmuef ,pf ytf ajccaH 'o ay:xeG ;f vm+y;D Arm jynuf eG jfrLepyf gwD A[&dk @Jtmabmf jynof @ltovH iG ±hf kH ay:vmawmh &aJ bmcf iaf rmif }u;D u oqD tdk ovH iG chf yhJ gw,?f awmvf eS af &;c&;D wav#muvf ;kH 'aD e@txd &aJ bmf aw&G @J &ixf rJ mS &iS of eaf ewhJ ocD si;f wy'k f jzpyf gw,?f pmom;vn;f en;f en;f jyicf hJ w,)f ? u|erf u cspof &l @J twk *f al v;tay: vrG ;f o@lye;f acuG dk csxm;c+hJy;D wvrS ;f csi;f Zmwcf akH &@Syidk ;f udk xuG of mG ;um wa,muwf n;f pum;ajym&ygw,?f “a=omæf jynwf iG ;f ppf jynwf iG ;f ppf 'pD prf ;D a=umihf uav;oil ,f vrl r,uf av;awG rrd zhJ rhJ cudk ;dk &mrvhJ @dk qi;f &tJ axaG xG 'uk rQ ;D yivf ,f a0c=hJu&w,?f 'pD prf ;D a=umihf arwmW }u;D rm; rtd zdk trdk sm; om;or;D wuwJG jym;e@J aoewof rH pwJ hJ ppwf vi;f ajrrmS aoausc&hJ +yyD ?J 'pD prf ;D a=umihf jyn&hf wem &iEf pS of n;f csmrsm; vif aoom;q;kH ,ul sKH ;r& vvl ;kH rvvS @dk cspof el @J aourGJ uvJG n;f &iS uf JG u=JGu&? olwkd@b0 aysmf&$ifr_qkdwm a0;vkd@ ppfab;u vGwfatmifwdrf;a&Smifajy;v$m; aeayjim;vn;f rw&m;wphJ pf t}urd }furd jfzpvf @dkr@dk jynof tl aygi;f ao;G acsmi;f xrJ mS arsmcswD zkH epcf swD vnS ehf @J jzpcf &hJ +yæD æ u|erf [m pum;awaG jym&i;f rae@nu yxJG uG cf ge;D jriaf w@Gvudk &f whJ jrifuGif;av;ukd zswfueJ owd&vkdufrdygw,f? tJ'DjrifuGif;uav;uawmhæ veG cf whJ hJ o;kH vausmaf vmuuf c&;D xuG of mG ;whJ c±idk wf yf a&@Swe;f ujyetf vm c±idk f 66

acgi;f aqmiaf wG au'gawG ouqf idk &f m aqrG sKd ;om;csi;f rod m;pak wG cspZf e;D e@J om;orD; awG 0rf;om tm;& }udKqkd=u/ ajym=u/ &,farm=u toHAvHawG qnl aH ewhJ =um;xuJ ueG zf &irhf ¾yf nmbuaf xmiphf eG ;f rmS &wdS hJ vtl yk uf awmh x;l x;l jcm;jcm; wwd qf wd f aeygw,?f c±idk wf yrf ;ª e@J c±idk af cgi;f aqmiaf wG +y;D awmh trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmifeJh i,f&G,fwJh rdef;rysdKav;awG&J@ tvnfrSm red ;f rysKd av;wa,mu?f vu0f g;EpS zf uaf y: rsuEf mS av; armS uf cs+y;D iadk ew,?f ta0;u =unvhf udk af wmh word ohf rd whf ek cf gaewhJ ausmjyiaf v;udk jrif ae&w,?f tædk b,of yl gvrd æhf bmjzpwf mygvrd æhf iadk e&mS w,?f ta&a$ væ ta&/$ a&@Swe;f xuG of mG ;whJ tu@dkudk ar#maf eayr,hf tudk wa,muf jyerf vmawmyh gb;l ? &eof ul dk wudk &f i;f jynof tl wuG f touuf dk peG @fc+hJy?D jzp&f av ta&&$ ,æf vuxf y+fy;D p vtcsKd@twiG ;f rmS &eof ul dk ErdS ef i;f &ef wm0euf r+y;D q;kH ao;wmr@dk tuwdk a,muf c&;D xuG of mG ;wmæ jyevf m&if 'uD eG zf &iyhf rJG mS EJ$ aysmrf ,æf v@dk wr;dk v;kH aumupf ukd vf @dk&whJ vyk tf m;cav;e@J ta&&$ ,æf tu@dk twuG f vrS ,xf iwf hJ yqk ;dk av;wxnf 0,xf m;&mS w,?f cak wmæh (ompnf - a&a$ nmif um;vr;f rmS atmiyf e;f rtS xuG f wyaf wuG vdk pm xwk f ay;&evf mwhJ vpmay; ,mOwf e;f &eof @l um; 3 p;D udk vr;f jzwwf udk yf JG qiEf cJ$ hJ w,?f &eof tl rsm;tjym; aoaus'%&f m&cwhJ ,)f ? wudk yf tJG & =un&hf if jynof bl uuf rrd wd @dkbuuf tEidk &f ayr,hf rrd d w@dkbuf (jynof @lbu)f u &aJ bmbf adk u (ta&&$ @J ciyf eG ;f ) usq;kH cwhJ ,?f 0idk ;f 0e;f tm;ay; EpS of rd ahf e=uwhJ acgi;f aqmiaf w&G @J tv,uf oem;pz,G f rsuEf mS av;e@J ta&@$uydk J rsupf xd rJ mS w0vJ nvf nf jriaf ,miaf eryd gw,?f 'vD edk @J u|erf [m ajym&r,phf um;awuG dk ajym&i;f q&dk i;f e@J i±kd ud_ af erwd ,?f t'J vD dk owvd uvf wG jfzpaf ecsed rf mS Zmwcf akH &@Swnwhf nqhf D vtl yk xf uJ vn;f i±dk ud_ f oaH wG xuG af eygw,?f u|erf [m u,dk af jym&r,hf pum;awuG dk 3 ykH 2 yakH vmuf om ajymvudk Ef idk wf ,?f 0r;f en;f wphJ wd [f m xed ;f rEidk of rd ;f r&jzp+fy;D aemuqf ;kH rmS pum;v;kH aw[G m yyD oD o xuG rf vmEidk af wmyh J i±dk ud_ of uH yJ vr$ ;f aewthJ wuG f 'g±udk f wmu tcsed rf D jynzf ;kH um;udk csvudk &f ygw,?f 'vD edk @J {+yvD 1 &uaf e@ eeH ucf i;f rmS ‘,r;f ai@Ga0a0’ Zmwvf r;f [m +y;D q;kH cyhJ g+y?D »»» »»» »»» 67

ueG zf &i}hfu;D +y;D v@dk wywaf vmutf =um reupf mpm+y;D v@dk rrat;e@J u|erf tem;,l pmzwaf ewek ;f &aJ bmwf a,muvf m+y;D “Avkd rf ;ª u ac:aew,”f v@dk vm ajymygw,?f 'ge@J u|erf a&m rrat;yg tvyk rf wS wf r;f pmtyk af wG u,dk pf ,D &l i;f Avdk rf ;ª atmixf eG ;f (&aJ bmnf Kd/ &rS ;f jynaf wmiyf idk ;f c±idk yf gwtD wiG ;f a&;r;ª ) &@J trd uf kd omG ;cwhJ ,?f Avdk rf ;ª atmixf eG ;f &@J trd uf dk a&muaf wmh Avdk rf ;ª e@J twxl idk af ewhJ Avdk rf ;ª wiaf qmif (c±idk wf y&f i;f r;ª / c±idk af umrf w0D i-f Armjynuf emrn}fu;D *;dk orm; wif atmief @J ntD puf adk wmof )l u u|erf w@dkudk xidk cf idk ;f xm;+y;D ajymvupf pum;rsm;udk quaf jymaeygw,?f i,pf Obf 0u tjzptf ysuf a&;S a[mi;f aEmS i;f jzpf &,pf &mawG tqurf jywf ajymaewm u|erf w@dkyg w0g;0g; &,af e&ygw,?f c%=umawmh u|erf u rapmiEhf ifdk af wmbh J “Avdk rf ;ª u|erf w@dkudk ac:wm tvyk ef *d ;kH csKyf vyk rf v@dkvm;”v@dk ar; vudk af wmrh S tm;yg;w& &,af ewhJ Avdk rf ;ª wiaf qmi[f m pum;vupf udk tq;kH owf vudk f +y;D - “a=omæf [wk wf ,f [wk wf ,?f r=unef @J upd wP ck ajym&atmivf @dk aq;G aE;G &atmivf @dk ac:wmyg” “bmupd rP sm;vJ Avdk rf ;ª æ &ygw,”f Avdk rf ;ª wiaf qmi[f m u|erf rsuEf mS udk wcsu0f i=hfunvhf udk +fy;D &aJ bmf nKdbuf rsuEf mS vnS vhf udk uf m owl @dkEpS f a,muf tjyetf veS f =unahf eygw,?f “'vD ydk gæ upd uP æ ysO;f rem;c±idk uf a=u;ee;f 0ivf mw,”f t'J vD adk jym+y;D u|erf rsuEf mS udk wcsu=funvhf udk wf ,?f “a=omæf [wk vf m;æ Avkd rf ;ª æ a=u;ee;f u bmwwhJ ;kH Avdk rf ;ª ” u|erf u tm;wuof a&me@J 0r;f omt,vf J ar;rwd ,?f tpuf }dku;D u ajymxm;w,?f “tajc tae aumi;f omG ;&if wn+fird of mG ;&if csucf si;f jyeaf c:r,?f a=u;ee;f t&iyf @dkr,”f v@dk u|erf e@J cuJG me;D rmS t}urd }furd f ajymxm;cwhJ mudk ow&d rwd ,?f [wk yf g+y?D jyeaf c:wmyJ jzp&f r,vf @dk aw;G +y;D 0r;f omaerwd ,?f taw;G rS rq;kH ao;ci-f “'vD adk væ r=unæf upd æP uæ Avdk pf wH ihf wa,muæf wudk yf rJG mS æ usomG ;+yæD w”hJ “[iæf bmæ bmæ bmajymw,Af vdk rf ;ª æ b,vf ædk tpuf }dku;D bm jzpwf ,”f u|erf [m jzn;f jzn;f csi;f ajymaewhJ Avkd rf ;ª wiaf qmi&f @J pum;tq;kH rmS æ Av;kH Aax;G e@J jyeaf r;aerwd ,?f 68

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u|erf rsu&f nrf us rirkd ad tmif pwd uf dk wi;f xm;ygw,?f &ixf uJ tvyd f vudk f tvyd vf udk f vud_ wf uvf maew,?f t'J cD pH m;ae&ra_ wuG dk b,of rl rS o&d av atmif wm;q;D csKywf n;f xm;w,?f u|erf val waG &@SrmS raecsiaf wmyh gb;l ? u,dk bhf m om wa,muwf n;f yJ aecsiaf wmwh ,?f u|erf trd uf dk jyevf mw,?f trd af &muaf wmh u|erf rxed ;f Eidk af wmyh gb;l ? u|erf vwG vf wG vf yvf yf icdk sypvf udk wf ,?f rrat; useaf ecwhJ ,?f ol b,tf csed uf jyeaf &muvf mw,qf wdk mvn;f owrd xm;rad wmyh gb;l ? nae xri;f pm;csed af &muf ayr,vhf n;f 0w&W m;t&om xri;f pm;ae&ayr,hf pm;v@dkr0iaf wmyh gb;l ? ae&wm oyd yf vl mv@dk a&csKd;csiof vvdk kd jzpvf m w,?f csKd;aeus a&qyd rf mS uvn;f vrl sm;ae awmh rcsKd;csibf ;l ? 'ga=umihf pce;f taemubf uuf awmtyk af v;xrJ mS &wdS ahJ &ueuf dk omG ;w,?f “t=unæf b,of mG ; rv@dkv”J rrat;u vrS ;f ar;w,?f “oyd yf vl @dk a& uerf mS a&omG ;csKd;rv@dk” u|erf [m rrat;udk vnS rhf =unbhf J wa,muwf n;f yJ xuG f vmcwhJ ,?f t&iuf rrat; ryg&if b,uf rkd S romG ;cahJ yr,hf tcak wmh wa,muf wn;f yJ aecsiwf ,?f a[m æ a&ueuf dk a&muyf g+y?D a&ueuf a&en;f ygw,?f cg;avmuyf J euyf gw,?f a&[m =unvf i+fy;D ave@Jtwl ygvmwhJ op&f uG af jcmuaf v;awG a&xJrSm usaewm twkdif;om; jrifae&ygw,f? bmombm0 aysmfjrL;aewJh aus;iuS af v;awG &@J touH vvJG @dk wjcm;bmorH S r=um;&ygb;l ? wwd qf wd f +ird of uf aeygw,?f 'tD csed rf mS u|erf [m “tpuf }dku;D usomG ;&mS w,”f qwdk thJ csed uf dk reS ;f q+y;D pO;f pm;aerwd ,?f “a=omæf iguawmæh bmrrS obd ;l ? yuJG v@dk aumi;f aevukd wf m? tpuf }dku;D uawmh [ædk wae&mrmS &eof el @J &iqf idk wf udk &f i;f &eof @lvucf suef @J usoGm; &Smw,f? jzpfrS jzpf&av” tJ'DvkdpOf;pm;aewkef; awmifbufqDu ave@Jtwl a&muf vmwhJ tat;\"mwaf w[G m a0uh m0udk uf me@J wudk af eygw,?f 'aD vat; aw&G @J uvul spD ,rf u_ dk xad w@GcpH m;vudk &f awmh t'J aD vat;e@Jtwl tpuf }dku;D wa,muf ygvmovvdk dk pwd xf rJ mS jriaf ,mivf m+y;D u|erf aysmof vvdk dk jzpvf mw,?f 'ge@J xidk af e&mu vucf yk vf u0f g;w;D +y;D atmvf udk wf ,?f “Armjynuf avawG wudk vf m+yæD Armjynuf avawG wudk vf m+yæD tpuf }dku;D a&æ tpuf }dku;D æ a&æ ”v@dk ouH ek f atm[f pvf udk wf ,?f 'tD csed rf mS æ 70

awmtyk uf av;quD vn;f y@Jwiof H jyevf mw,?f “tpuf }dku;D a&æ tpuf }dku;D æ a& æ ” whJ u|erf udk avmS iaf ewmvm; 'grrS [wk f tm;ay;aewmvm;? yg;pyuf vn;f touH ek af tmf ivdk n;f idk vucf yk vf u0f g;w;D &i;f ajy;aewhJ u|erf udk vmqaJG c:vudk wf mu rrat;yg? “t=unæf t'J vD ædk rvyk ef @Jav”w?hJ u|erf [m wu,dk vf ;kH aygyh g;omG ;+y;D aysmaf ewm bmv@dkrsm; vm aEmS i,fh uS wf mvJ v@dk cpH m;&ygw,?f 'gayr,hf yg;pyuf awmh xwk rf ajymygb;l ? pwd xf rJ mS }uwd +fy;D cpH m; aerwd ,?f »»» »»» »»» wudk qf idk rf u_ awmh {+yvD 1 &uaf e@ eeH uf t±%k rf wurf tD csed [f m u|erf ‘,r;f ai@Ga0a0’jyZmwuf aewthJ csed f (jynwf iG ;f ppaf =umihf jynof wl &yvf ;kH 'uk yQ if v,af 0aewmaw)G ajymaewhJ tcsed yf g? 'tD csed rf mS tpuf }dku;D u ysO;f rem;c±idk f twiG ;f u wae&mrmS &eof el @J wudk yf jJGzp&f i;f usq;kH cwhJ ,?f tu}dku;D e@J &iqf ikd wf udk &f i;f tu}dku;D udk ypof wcf whJ hJ &eof al =u;pm;wyf uawmh cv& 26 yg? 1959 xkd;ppfjyif;xefaecsdef vlpkuGJ+yD; ajy;vmcJh&wJh u|efreJ@ tyk (&JabmfndK&J@ ZeD;) wkd@rdom;pk (uav; 2 a,muf tyg) wyfukef;+rdK@ay:rSm owi;f aygu=fum;v@kd tzr;f cvH udk &f ygw,?f t'J rD mS vmzr;f whJ ppwf yuf vn;f cv& 26 ygy?J a'gif » a'gif » a'gif » a'gif » qkdwJh uif;orm;&J@ em&DoHacsmif; acguof =Hum;vudk rf S [;dk æ twwd qf uD dk ys@HviG ahf ewhJ u|erf &@J pwd tf m±akH w[G m uAsm uoD rE aW v;u trsKd;or;D axmiwf iG ;f ukd jyeaf &muvf mygw,?f “a=omæf r;dk awmivf i;f awmrh mS u;dk æ” wcgw&0H ,æf cspof ul vkd n;f rek ;f rmezf @JG&w,f rE aW v;awmiaf jc&i;f u re;f &mjynyhf aJG wmuf awmh pnuf m;oudk +frKkdupf mG qi,f if usi;f yqæJ yg? 'tD csed uf “b0Zmwqf &m”ocD si;f u acwpf m;aecsed jfzpaf vawmh v&l i$ f awmwf a,muuf b0Zmwqf &mvyk f usewf vhJ &l i$ af wmuf ri;f om;vyk +fy;D icdk si;f csae&w,f? y&dowfuawmh w0g;0g; u|efrwkd@ axmifxJu vlawGuvnf; w[m;[m; yg;pyuf vn;f &,pf &m&wdS m&,/f rsupf ud vn;f t+r;D awaG yguaf ewhJ 71

eeD uD ek ;f uek ;f =ur;f y;dk }u;D awuG dk vudk &f mS owaf e&w,?f bmop&f yd rf S r&bdS J waeuek f tm;yg;w& yxl m;whJ aea&miaf tmuuf oyG rf ;kd axmicf e;f }u;D xaJ e&wm[m i&tJ ;dk }u;D xJ xnhf jyKwxf m;ovdk yal vmiaf eayr,hf jciaf xmitf jyivf n;f rxuG &f ?J xGuf &if vufeJ@ qkyfyufvkdufovkd 0kdif;ukdufvkdufwJh jcifawG&J@ &efuvnf; rao;vyS g? 'gayr,hf pwd f tm;awmh rav#m?h “=ur;f y;dk b,Ef pS af umif ow+fy;D +y?D jcifb, fESpfaumif owf+yD;+yD”eJ@ wa,mufeJ@ wa,muf +ydKif=u? yGJcif;u jyuvf ;kH aw=Gum;&if &,vf udk =fue@Jawmaf wmf tvyk jfzpaf eygw,?f 'vD edk @J ycJG i;f u toaH wvG n;f wwd qf wd +fird of uvf @dkomG ;+y?D oe;f aumif ausmf tat;\"mwfav;uvnf; wpdrfhpdrfhav; at;vmyg+yD? 'DtcsdefrSmawmh =urf;ykd;owf/ jcifowfwJh wkdufyGJuawmh wnwmtwGuf +yD;vkd@oGm;yg+yD? tcef;xJrSm vnf; awmf awmf+idrfoufoGm;yg+yD? u|efrvnf; tdyf&mxJ vvJS udk yf gawmwh ,?f u|erf [m u,dk pf m;ae&whJ axmiwf iG ;f axmi[f i;f rsm;udk ow&d pO;f pm; aeryd gw,?f v;kH w;D xri;f wye;f ueqf &dk if pyg;v;kH u E@dkqwD v;kH avmu&f w,?f xri;f pm;&i;f e@J ab;uydk pvf udk &f if cadk wuG tvtk ,uf pm;vudk ef @J aysmpf &mawmif aumi;f ao;w,?f cadk v;awuG a&mipf ckH adk v;aw?G taumif 100 avmu&f rdS ,?f xrif;pm;csdefqkd&if tkyfvkdufa&mufvm+yD; apmifhpm;awmhwmygyJ? ae@pOfyHkrSef [i;f uawmh uepf eG ;f &uG af wuG kd a&vjkHyKwxf m;whJ [i;f &nf (uepf eG ;f &uG cf sn;f r[kwfbl; wjcm; jrufawGvnf;ygw,f? \"m;eJ@pOf;+yD;csufxm;wm waD umiaf wvG n;f tyidk ;f vudk f c±ak wvG n;f ygw,)f ? ig;yad =umwf cuG f (ig;yud te@Havmuyf /J qm;/ c/J ov/J trud_ f 'gawG tm;v;kH ygw,)f ? t'J iD g;yad =umuf wa,mufukd qD;jzLoD;vHk; avmuf wvHk;? i±kwfoD;ajcmufenf;enf;ygw,f? [i;f uawmh ypkH yH ?J xri;f v&dk if awmh xyaf y;w,?f 5 &uwf cg tom;[i;f weyfau|;w,f? ig;/ 0ufom;/ trJom; wrsdK;pDvSnfhau|;w,f? trsm;q;kH au|;wmuawmh 0uof m; (quD ek f ouf omwm ayg)h ? tw;Hk uawmh vuof ;kH v;kH avmu?f tw;kH nnD D w;kH xm;wm a&e@JjyKwxf m;wm? tom;w;kH udk cGJvkduf&if txJu aoG;pdrf;eH@ (aoG;n‡DeH@) awmif raysmufao;bl;? tJ'g vwl a,muuf dk [i;f ww;kH t&nuf EpS Zf eG ;f / wcgwn;f t+y;D y?J tom;xJ eEiG ;f / qm;/ qD 'guvvJG @dk wjcm;bmrS rygb;l ? 72

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awmvf @kd/ wcsKd@uvn;f ueG jfrLepyf gwuD &aJ bmef @J cirf i&f i;f E;DS whJ rwd af qG oil ,cf si;f jzpvf @dk/ oyl ek af wuG dk axmucf H tm;ay;v@dk/ oyl ek af weG @J quof ,G vf @kd qwdk yhJ 'k rf trsdK;rsdK;wyf zdESdyfwmcH&+yD; wnf+rJawGu tpGrf;jywJhtaeeJ@ vkyfvkduf=uvkd@ axmixf aJ &muvf m=u&oal wyG g? Avdk af e0i;f tp;dk & (trd pf mithf p;dk &) vuxf uf qadk wmh rrJ jJri&f m tuek zf r;f awmwh my?J “aw@G&mjynof [l m &eof jlzpaf eygw,”f trsKd;or;D axmi[f m buD vypf rf mS q&dk if yrkH eS f 5 a,muaf vmuyf J xm;Eidk yf gr,?f tcak wmh Eidk if aH &;orm;awtG jyif \"m;jyre_ @Ju wa,mu/f bed ;f re_ @Ju wa,muf aygi;f 7 a,muf &ydS gw,?f puD vypf f tce;f us,f xrJ mS yrkH eS qf &dk if veG af &m u|aH &m 60 ayg?h tc[k mu 100 avmuqf adk wmh tyd &f wm usynf yaf ew,?f t'J vD dk tyd &f m usynf yaf ewmuudk ae@pOjf y\\emwcvk dk cpH m;ae&+y;D tcsi;f csi;f pn;f v;kH ru_ dk ysuaf pygw,?f r=umr=um &eyf jJGzpwf wyf gw,?f tom;[i;f pm;wahJ e@ [i;f a0 wthJ cg r#wrr_ &bdS ;l q+dky;D awmh axmi0f g'guadk wmh rajym&?J tcsi;f csi;f jy\\em jzpuf m &ejfzpwf w=fuygw,?f axmirf ;ª &@Jt}uKd uaf yg?h t\"ud &eof l aysmuaf e yg w,?f 'gawG ukd treS tf widk ;f jriaf tmi/f b0wl tcsi;f csi;f pn;f v;kH n!D wG f =uz@dk/ t\"ud w&m;c[H m vu&f tdS p;dk &om (&eof )l jzpwf ,qf wdk m ovd matmijfyz@dku u|erf w@dk wm0eyf gy?J u|erf w@dk +rKd@e,pf n;f ±;kH a&;aumrf wD 5 a,mu&f ydS gw,?f u|erf tygt0if yg? u|erf w@dk ti,af wuG wm0euf ,dk pf D ,xl m;=u+yrD @dk tvyk af wG rsm;aeyg+y?D reupf m pm;+y;D +y;D csi;f u|erf t*vF yd pf m avvh mygw,?f rroe;f (ausmuqf n)f u oiaf y;ygw,?f +y;D &if Armpmausmi;f ziG xhf m;awmh t'J aD usmi;f rmS u|erf u jrerf mpme@J ocsFmudk wm0e,f l oiaf y;ygw,?f naexri;f pm;+y;D &if t*vF yd pf m ausmi;f wausmi;f &ydS gw,?f u|erf u wm0e,f &l ygw,?f 'aD usmi;f +y;D awmh u,dk yf idk f tcsdef jzpfygw,f? pmzwfcsifzwf/ tm;upm;vkyf&ifvkyf (=uufawmif±kduf/ xyk qf ;D w;dk / }uKd;cek )f pwmawG upm; =uygw,?f axmifrª;ukdvnf; ypfuGif;&Sd&Sd pnf;±Hk;ygw,f? trsdK;orD;axmifrª;u 'kaxmif ykdif OD;bwkwf&J@ ZeD;jzpfygw,f? ynmwwfjzpfawmh qufqHa&; ,Ofaus;w,f? yifukd,f pdwfoabmxm; aumif;olyg? 'gayr,fh vlwef;pm;ADZuawmh tajctae cGifhjyK&if jyKovkd azmfjywm&Sdygw,f? om;orD;rsm;+yD; om;}uD;orD;}uD;awGvnf;jzpf ausmif;om; ausmi;f oal wvG n;f jzpaf ev@dk aiuG ek rf sm;aew,?f 'ga=umihf aexidk rf _ b0rmS tpp 80

t&m&m ac|wmae&ojlzpaf wmh oyd pf wd af ysmyf rkH &b;l ? u|erf w@dk t i,af wuG o@ludk ‘tewf ’D v@dk ac: =uw,?f av;av;pm;pm; quqf H ygw,?f rr&wD @dk rroe;f w@dkuawmh ‘a': =un=fun’f v@dkyJ ac: =uygw,?f oul o@ludk ‘q&m’ac:rS }uKduyf g w,?f 0g'gawG tm;v;kH u o@ludk ‘q&m’v@dkyJ ac: =uw,?f trsKd;or;D 0g'g 4 a,muf &ydS gw,?f wa,muuf u|erf w@dk vyl ?J awmaf wmpf wd cf s &ygw,?f tui;f yg;+y;D owWd&Sdw,f? axmiftr_xrf;oufwrf;vnf; &ifholjzpfw,f? taetxidk of yd yf &d wd ,?f usewf hJ 3 a,muxf rJ mS aemuqf ;kH a&muvf mwhJ topf wa,muuf v&JG if usef 2 a,muuf vn;f toithf wihf aumi;f ygw,?f aemuf q;kH rS a&muvf mwohJ ul awmh x;kH ptH widk ;f axmirf ;ª em; uyzf m;aeoyl ?J o@ltvyk f cidk +fraJ &;ayg?h u|erf &@J pn;f ±;kH a&;e,af jrxrJ mS ‘jynwhf eqf mr’av;awG aewhJ tce;f wce;f ygw,?f trsKd;or;D aqmi&f @J atmuxf yf buD vypf tf ce;f &@J atmuwf nhf wnrhf mS &wdS ,?f tce;f z@JGpn;f yukH x;kH ptH widk ;f ysOaf csmi;f awG cyuf suJ sJ (vxl uG rf &±)kH ±udk uf mxm;w,?f twiG ;f rmS opof m;cwk iuf s,}fu;D 2 v;kH e@J wa,muf tyd f cwk if wv;kH / 'gy&J wdS ,?f trsKd;or;D 5 a,muf &wdS ,?f wa,muuf umvom;a&m*g xaev@dk wa,mutf yd cf wk irf mS yJ tyd &f w,?f tce;f u oe@f&iS ;f r_ en;f en;f rS r&bdS ;l ? raumif;wJh teH@toufawGrsm;w,f? aq;0g;ukoay;wmvnf; r&Sdbl;? b,of ul rS ac:ac: ajymajym quqf rH ,ohf l r&bdS ;l ? tm;v;kH u 0idk ;f y,xf m;w,?f owl @dkudk we;f w&l nwf l quqf wH m u|erf w@dk &aJ bmaf wyG J &wdS ,?f trsKd ;or;D 0g'g wcsdK@uvnf; “olwkd@ukd vl&moGif;+yD; bmvkd@qufqHaewmvJ? 'gawGu aumi;f wmawG r[wk bf ;l ” w?hJ “tædk owl @dk[m val umi;f awyG g? 'bD 0udk a&mu&f wmvn;f owl @dku a&mucf sivf @dk a&mu&f wm r[wk yf gb;l ? ol w@dk[m cudk ;dk &mr@J b0q;kH aewohJ al w?G pep&f @J om;aumiaf wyG g”v@dk ajymjy &iS ;f jyvudk af wmh aemuxf yf bmrrS ajymawmh ygb;l ? u|erf u owl @dkav;aweG @J cicf irf irf if quqf yH gw,?f wae@rmS owl @dk txuJ tvqS ;kH ‘rO;D ’qwdk hJ uav;rav;ukd “b,vf adk =umihf 'vD bdk 0xuJ dk a&muvf m&ov”J v@dk ar;=unrhf yd gw,?f rcspjfyijfyif r=uief mav+yrD @dk aruh uG uf &dk mS 81

rO;D u awmaf wmvf wS ,?f t'J wD ek ;f u ±yk &f iS rf i;f or;D ‘ar&jDri’hf uvn;f awmaf wmaf cwpf m;aecsed ?f rO;D &@J ±yk uf av;u ar&jDriehf @J awmaf wmwf wl ,vf @dk ajym &rmS ayg?h oul av;u a&b$ tdk e;D a&O;D uw?hJ qi;f &oJ m; trd af xmipf uk t}u;D q;kH or;D av;r@dk csppf E;dk e@J ‘rO;D ’v@dk ac:wmygw?hJ aEOG ;D wae@rmS ayg?h o}lu;D trd rf mS txnf onf a&muvf mw,?f rE aW v;u vmwmw?hJ owi;f &wme@J rO;D w@dk red ;f uav; woudk f o}lu;D trd uf dk tajy;tvm$ ; omG ;=un=hfuw,?f tædk txnaf wuG vn;f pHkrSpHk/ tqifawGuvnf; qef;rSqef;/ vSvkdufwmtvGefygyJ? rOD;wkd@ red ;f uav;woudk f txnaf weG m;u rcmG Eidk af tmif jzp&f ygw,?f txnof nf tpuf udk vn;f pum; ajymaumi;f ovm; rajyme@J? rE aW v;om; +rKd@}u;D om;qadk wmh ,O,f Oaf us;aus; pum;ajymuvn;f csKd / rO;D w@dkred ;f uav;awuG dk ‘nrD av;’w?hJ tveG ef m;0icf sKd aewm ayg?h o}lu;D uawmuf awm“h txnof nf tpuf udk wuoU vdk af usmi;f om;w/hJ ausmi;f ywd &f urf mS rbd uudk nl wD mw?hJ oyd vf rd mR wohJ m;”w?hJ rO;D u o@lta=umi;f quaf jymjyygw,?f “'vD edk @J u|erf uvn;f tay: tusôwxnf xbwD xnf vcdk siwf ,f v@dkajymawmh txnof ntf puf ukd ‘nrD av;eJ@ 'gav;eJ@ vkdufw,f’vkd@ ajym+yD; yef;Eka&mifav; wpHka&G;ay;w,f? vvS udk wf m? u|erf vn;f }uKduwf ,?f oil ,cf si;f awuG vn;f ‘eief @J oyd vf udk wf ,/f oyd vf S w,’f v@dk 0idk ;f ajym=uw,?f 'ge@J u|erf uvn;f u|erf tvyk vf yk vf @dk &whJ ‘vyk cf ’e@J ay;+y;D 0,f wmayg?h jzpyf ukH tpuf akd wmi;f whJ a&mi;f aps;e@Jq&dk if aiG 5 usyaf vmuf umG aew,?f u|erf vn;f ‘u,dk &hf wdS ahJ iaG v;e@J t0wwf pakH vmuf &atmif 0,rf ,’f v@dk rpm;&uf raomu&f uf pxk m;wahJ iaG v;yg? tarw@dkquD awmif;&r,fqkd&if vnf; rawmif;&uf? nDrav; armifav;awGrSmvnf; t0wtf pm; aumi;f aumi;f r&wdS mr@dk u|erf rmS tcuaf w@Gae+y;D '0D wpf akH v; uvkd n;f vuuf rcsEidk ?f aiuG vn;f rjynqhf adk wmh u|erf rmS t}utH udk vf m+y;D icdk sivf mw,?f u|erf &@J tajctaeudk &yd pf m; rwd ,ef @J wwl ,?f txnof nf tpuf udk av ‘'vD vdk yk yf g nrD av;&,/f tpuf ukd vn;f aps;O;D ayguaf tmif a&mi;f csif ygw,?f nrD av;uvn;f xywf ;dk ay;z@dk airG &bdS ;l q&dk if &odS avmuyf J ay;cahJ wm?h at; wckawmh&Sdw,f? 'Daps;eJ@ a&mif;ay; w,fqkdwmawmh b,fol@ukdrS rajym&b;l aem?f 'gy,J ol mG ;awm’h w?hJ 82

tædk 0r;f omvudk wf jhJzpjfci;f u|erf av xidk +fy;D awmh &cdS ;dk vudk cf sif vudk f wmv@kd pwd xf uJ ajym&i;f rsu&f naf wG usvmw,?f 'vD edk @J txnof ntf puf edk @J u|erf w@dk Zmwvf r;f u pcyhJ gw,?f wwdk cdk sKyaf jym&&if tpuf edk @Ju|erf arwmW &cdS =hJuyg w,?f 'tD a=umi;f udk taruood mG ;awmh u|erf udk ±udk vf udk wf m? (tazuh adk wmh rajym&bJ ;l ? tazo&d if u|erf udk owrf mS )? taruav wcgrS 'vD edk matmif r±udk zf ;l ygb;l rrav;&,?f 'wD cgawmah v u|erf wu,kd vf ;kH tnKd trn;f aweG @J &p&m &Sdygbl;? w&mG om;urdk S }uKdu&f ovm;? o@lta=umi;f udk u,dk vf n;f bmrrS oyd eJ @J 'aD vmuaf wmif viif w&f ovm; ac;G r? eiaf c;G jzpcf siof vm;w?hJ tædk pakH ewmyJ rrav;&,f ajymvn;f ajym ±udk vf n;f ±udk f u|erf u taruh dk a=umuyf g+yD tar&@J u|erf emvyS g+yD taruh dk &cdS ;dk ygw,vf @dkajym+y;D ren;f awmi;f ye,f &l w,?f 'aD emurf mS awmh &mG xuJ umvom;acgi;f ‘uodk mat;’}u;D e@J oabmwol w?hJ u|erf uvn;f uodk mat;udk =unvhf @dkudk r&b;l ? 'tD a=umi;f awuG dk tpuf @dkuadk jymjy+y;D tpuf edk @J u&JG &if u|erf awmh aormS yvJ @dk ajymjyygw,?f tpuf udk vn;f w@dkEpS af ,muf ru&JG atmif tpuf }kduKd ;pm;ygrh ,f nrD av;&,f v@dk tm;ay;ygw,?f tdk - owD i;f u|wf &if tpuf vkd mawmrh ,?f 'wD csaD wmh tpuf edk @J wcgwn;f vudk of mG ;awmrh S &r,?f taru u|erf udk en;f en;f rS tvprf ay;awmbh ;l ? uodk mat;e@J twi;f ay;pm;z@dk vyk af e+y?D u|erf rmS ae@pOef @Jtr# iadk e& pwd qf i;f &J ae&ygw,?f u|erf [m ty±l yk uf dk [evf yk +fy;D tpuf @dkudk apmiafh e&ygw,?f owD i;f u|waf wmh tpuf udk txnaf &mi;f &i;f a&muvf myg+y?D 'wD csaD wmh u|erf [m tpuf @dkaemuuf dk wcgwn;f vufdk cf yhJ gawmh w,?f tædk aysmvf udk wf m u|erf wcgrS ra&mubf ;l whJ rE aW v; a&+$rKd@awm}fu;D udk a&mufvmcJhygw,f? u|efrwoufwmrSm 'DvkdrE Wav; a&$+rdK@awmf}uD;rSm u|erf csp&f whJ tpuf ekd @J wal ysmaf ysmf a&v$ nwf vJG @dk aec&hJ vrd rhf ,æf v@dk wcgz;l rS rpO;f pm;rcd hJ ygb;l ? tcak wmh aysmvf udk wf mæ aemuwf ae@naeci;f rmS awmh tysi;f ajy ±yk &f iS of mG ;=un&hf atmiwf ?hJ u|erf uvn;f tpuf ufkd ,fdk wf ikd f a&;G ay;xm;whJ ye;f Eak &mi0f wpf akH v;udk 0wvf @dkayg?h ±yk &f iS ±f rkH mS tcsed af pmao;v@dk tcsed af pmi&hf i;f rek @f[i;f cg;qidk rf mS rek @fpm;&i;f e@J u|erf u pm;aumi;f v@dk aemuwf ye;f uef xyrf mS +y;D pm;aew,?f tpuf ukd awmh pm;v@dk+y;D omG ;yg+y?D ‘nrD av; jzn;f jzn;f pm;aem?f tpuf kd [bdk uef m;rmS oil ,cf si;f awqG D 83

c% omG ;aw@Gvudk Of ;D r,?f rek @fz;dk &iS ;f c+hJyaD em?f tpuf rkd a&mucf if b,rf rS omG ;e@Jaemf nrD av;’v@dk rmS c+hJy;D qidk uf xuG of mG ;ygw,?f u|erf vn;f rek @fpm;v@kd+y;D yg+y?D tpuf @dkuydk J ar#maf erwd ,?f ±yk &f iS vf n;f jyaeavmu+fyxD iyf gw,?f u|erf awmh ±yk &f iS uf dk oyd =funchf siwf my?J tpuf udk vn;f cxk rd a&muvf mao;b;l ? tpuf adk &æ vmygawmvh @dk wwr;f wr;f wwe@J ae&wm n awmaf wmf armS ivf mawmh O;D }u;D wa,muf a&muvf mygw,?f u|erf udk vmac: wmyg? tpuf udk ac:cidk ;f v@dkw?hJ tpuf adk &mv@dk ar;awmh ‘oil ,cf si;f awuG wm;xm; w,?f czJ ;dk awmi;f wm ray;&if romG ;&b;l ’w?hJ tædk 'uk yQ gy?J tpuf @dkrmS aiaG um &Sdao;&J@vm;? ray;Ekdif&ifawmh 'kuQygyJ? u|efruawmh tpfudk@oli,fcsif;awGe@JawG@&if rsufESm b,fvkd rsm; xm;&yghrvJæ vkd@vnf; wxdwfxdwfeJ@ vkdufoGm;ygw,f? +cH0if; us,f}uD;xJu wkdufwvHk;ukd a&mucf &hJ w,?f tædk wudk cf e;f }u;D uvn;f }u;D us,vf udk wf m? pm;yuJG vk m;xidk uf vn;f ta&miwf zwd zf wd ef @J? atmuuf vn;f aumaf Zm}u;D ci;f xmwm ei;f &upf &mawmif r&Sdbl;? {nfhcef;xrJ mS ta': }u;D wa,mu&f ,f O;D }u;dD wa,mu&f ,uf vvJG @dk b,folrS r&Sdbl;? u|efrukd ukvm;xkdifwvHk;rSm xkdifckdif;w,f? u|efrjzifh a=umuvf udk wf mæ tpuf udk vn;f r&bdS ;l ? owl @dku tpuf &dk @J rbd rsm;vm;? u|erf udk ajcq;kH acgi;f q;kH =unahf ew,?f tpuf udk vn;f a&murf vmb;l ? b,vf vdk yk &f ygrh v?J u|erf awmh ivdk udk f csiaf wmwh my?J b&k m;æ b&k m;æ tpuf edk @J u|erf udk oabmrwol ;l q&dk iaf wmh 'uk yQ gy?J b,vf rdk sm; ajymvudk rf v?J &ixf uJ w'wd 'f wd ef @J? tædk bmyjJzpjfzpf 'bD 0a&murf S awmh rx;l ygb;l ? tpuf edk @J u|erf uadk wmh rcyJG ge@Jv@dk ajcaxmuuf zdk uf awmi;f ye&f rmS yJ æ v@dk pO;f pm;aeryd gw,?f tcsed tf awm=fumawmh ta': }u;D u u|erf udk trd af y:xyuf tce;f wce;f udk ac:omG ;ygw,?f tce;f xrJ mS EpS af ,mutf yd f cwk if wv;kH vvS yS y jyixf m;wm&wdS ,?f ‘'g nn;f ae&r,thf ce;f yJ =um;vm;’w?hJ u|erf jziahf v 0r;f omveG ;f v@dk b,vf adk jym&reS ;f awmif robd ;l ? +y;D rS ‘[wk uf ’hJ v@dkcywf ;dk w;kd wceG ;f avmuyf J jyefajym vkdufEkdifygw,f? tJ'D ta':u tJ'Dvkdajym+yD; jyefxGufoGm;w,f? wcH g;uvdk n;f qyJG wd f cwhJ ,?f 84

u|erf wa,muwf n;f usecf ahJ wmrh S u|erf vn;f ‘[i;f ’csEidk yf gawmwh ,?f wa,muwf n;f a&muwf w&f m&m pO;f pm;aeryd gw,?f a=omæf rbd awbG uuf pO;f pm;=un&hf if bmr[wk wf hJ igvh adk wmorl t,trs;d e@J b,of abmwEl idk yf grh v?J tpfukd &J@ ±kyf&nf/ ynm/ ypPnf;OpPm b,fbufu =unfh=unfh ighvkd[mrsdK;eJ@ b,fvkdvkyf oabm wlEkdifyghrvJ? a=omfæ olwkd@vnf; olwkd@om;av;ukd tifrwefcspf&SmvGef; vkd@om ighukdtckvkd vufcHvkdufwmyJ? 'Dvkd pOf;pm;=unfhawmhvnf; ig[m awmfawmf uHaumif;wJholygvm;æ at;av/ iguvn;f vrd vf rd rf mrme@J tpuf @dkrbd awuG u,dk rhf bd t&i;f awvG dk oabmxm;+y;D jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&rSmyJ? jznf;jznf;awmh tpfukd@ukdyg em;vnfatmifajym+yD; tartazwkd@ukdvnf; wwfEkdifoavmuf jyefulnD&rSmyJ? u|efr[m 'vD pdk O;f pm;&i;f u u,dk bhf mom aysmof vvdk vdk n;f jzpvf m ryd gw,?f a=omæf tpuf ukd vn;f rvmao;b;l aemæf at;avæ tpuf vdk n;f rbd awuG dk auseyaf tmif ajymqdk awmi;f yeaf e&rmS ayg?h tpuf adk &æ jrejfrevf m ygawm?h u|erf wa,muwf n;f ae&wm a=umuvf yS gw,?f jrejfreof m vmvudk yf g awm?h a[mæ avuS m;u ajco=Hum;&w,?f tpuf dk tpuf dk tpuf jdkyevf m+y?D [wk yf gw,?f tpuf &dk ,af væ tcrk S jyevf mEidk wf ,?f u|erf vn;f tajy;av; wcH g;quD dk omG ;uyaf evudk wf ,?f a[mæ wcH g;vn;f yiG ohf mG ;yg+y?D ‘tpuf adk &æ ’u|erf u ac:vn;f ac: vuf EpS zf uuf vdk n;f a&@SrmS we;f +y;D tpuf @dkudk }uKd vudk yf gw,?f tædk evH udk wf m p;l &&S S te@H}u;D ? t&uef @H t&uef @H evH udk wf m/ [iæf tpuf vdk n;f r[wk bf ;l ? [vdk }lu;D [vdk }lu;D atmuxf yrf mS apmapmwek ;f u aw@GcwhJ hJ [vdk }lu;D ? rsuEf mS u pyf+zD;+zD;eJ@ u|efrukd pm;awmhrvkdyJ =unfhaew,f? ‘tara&æ’ u|efru a=umuaf =umuef @J atm+f y;D aemu&f i;f vnS ahf jy;ryd gw,?f [vkd }l u;D u wcH g;udk ywd vf udk +fy;D u|erf aemuuf dk vudk vf mygw,?f 'vD edk @J aemuqf ;kH rmS u|erf [m i,dk +dky;D b,vf ydk J awmi;f yef awmi;f yef r&bJ rw&m;tEidk uf sirhf /_ rw&m;apmuf m;r/_ rw&m; ord ;f yudk rf u_ dk cvH udk f &ygw,?f 'vD edk @J 2-3 &uaf vmu&f adS wmæh wae@ae@vncf i;f rmS ta': }u;D u vm ajymygw,?f ‘rO;D nn;f tvyk f vyk &f r,’f w?hJ u|erf uvn;f ‘[wk uf hJ a':a': u|erf vyk yf grh ,’f v@dk ajymawmh ‘at;æ naeus&if a&csKd;vvS yS y jyiyf g’ v@dkajymyg 85

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'vD jdkzptf iaf wuG dk jriaf w@Gae&whJ rci!f eG @f[m pwd \"f mwuf sromG ;bJ &eof l tay:yvdk @dk jywof m;vmygw,?f u|erf e@J rroe;f [m b;dk axmiaf v;udk wvnS phf D acsmah rmxh ed ;f aeygw,?f 'tD csed rf mS wm0euf s axmi0f g'g trsKd;or;D u u|erf w@dku=dkun&hf i;f 'vD adk jymygw,?f “ciAf sm;w@dk &aJ rawuG wa,muuf wdk a,muf oyd cf spcf i+fy;D nvD n;f n!D wG =fuw,?f tjyetf veS vf n;f unl =Duw,af em”f w?hJ (tveH yD gwuD trsKd; or;D udk ‘&aJ r’v@dkac:+y;D u|erf w@dkygwuD trsKd;or;D trsKd;om; rcjJGcm;bJ ‘&aJ bm’f v@dkyJ tm;v;kH uadk c:ygw,)f ? “tædk rrwi&f ,æf u|erf w@dk&aJ bmaf wtG m;v;kH [m rad 0;za0;e@J tcvk dk 'uk aQ &muaf ewthJ cgrmS tcsi;f csi;f “vwl e;f pm;arwmW ”tjynthf 0xm;+y;D y+kdy;D cspf ci=fuief m=u&rmS yg? u|erf w@dk[m “vwl e;f pm;ntD prf aw”G r@dk y+dky;D awmh em;vnf ciG vhf w$ +fy;D unl =Du&rmS yg”v@dk rroe;f u ajymjyawm-h “at;Asmæ ciAf sm;w@dk vyk yf ukH idk yf akH wG jri&f awmh aEOG ;D wek ;f u rE aW v; c±idk uf ueG jfrLepwf yof m;awG zr;f r+dy;D ±;kH wiwf &m;p&D iaf wmh aw@Gjri=fum; ocd hJ &wmawG u|erf ciyf eG ;f u jyeaf jymjywmudk ow&d rwd ,”f 'ge@J u|erf e@J rroe;f uvn;f “bmrsm;vn;f rrwi&f ,f bmawrG sm; jricf =hJum;cvhJ wdk vhJ /J u|erf w@dkudk jzpEf idk &f if ajymjypr;f ygO;D ”v@dkawmi;f yeaf wmh oul ool od r#Zmwaf =umi;f tjynthf pukH dk jyeaf zmuof ncf sygawmwh ,?f “'vD ydk g? rEpS uf aEOG ;D rmS ayg?h rE aW v;c±idk xf uJ a¹rawmif awmiwf e;f ay:u ueG jfrLepaf q;±pkH ce;f udk tp;kd &wyuf 0idk ;f wukd af wmh ueG jfrLepwf yof m; 3 a,muf '%&f maweG @J zr;f rvd mw,?f trsKd ;om;u 2 a,mu/f trsKd ;or;D u wa,muwf n;f ygw,?f t'J tD rsKd;or;D av;emrnuf ‘jrjr’w?hJ trsKd;om;aw&G @J trnuf awmh wa,muuf ‘uxdk eG ;f wi’f / [wdk a,muuf ‘uadk ygupf ’w?hJ ±;kH xwk f ppaf q;awmh t'J D wek ;f u pce;f udk omG ;wudk wf hJ wycf rJG ;ª ucsipf pAf vdk uf w&m;vvdk yk f w&m;pwJG ,?f t'J rD mS u|erf &@J ciyf eG ;f uvn;f *sLwuD swme@J ±;kH uydk gomG ;w,?f t'J vD l 3 a,mu[f m wa,muuf dk wa,muof yd nf m‡ wm wmæ w?hJ t'J rD mS ucsif ppAf vdk uf o@lrsujfrif u,dk af w@GawuG dk jyeaf jymjyow?hJ “u|efawmfwkd@ wyfrawmfu uGefjrLepfawG&J@ aq;±Hkpcef;ukd 0ifwkdufvkduf+yD; pcef;ukdtykdif odrf;vkdufw,f? xHk;pHtwkdif; pcef;udkawmh r;D ±@d_ypvf udk wf ,?f ueG jfrLepf wyof m; 3 a,muuf dk '%&f me@J zr;f rvd udk wf ,?f 90

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v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_ rSefor#[m ‘jynfol@tusdK;’ twGuf [kwfr[kwf aoaocsmcsm pO;f pm;yg” rr&uD pwd &f nS vf u&f nS af jymjyum aemuqf ;kH u|erf u=dkun/hf tajctae tucJ waf eygw,?f u|erf u pwd vf udk rf meyf g q;kH jzw+fy;D vyk wf wwf hJ u,dk thf rmS ;u,dk jfri+fy;D ,ul sKH ;r& jzprf yd gw,?f 'ga=umihf u,dk thf rmS ;uvdk n;f 0ecf vH udk yf gw,?f rr&uD “'uD pd rP mS t\"ud w&m;c[H m axmirf ;ª y?J 'ga=umihf axmirf ;ª udk jye+fy;D O;D csKd ;yp&f r,”f u|erf u “rr&D b,vf vdk yk f csKd ;yp&f rv”J v@dk ar;awm-h “ti;f æ tcsed af pmi&hf rmS ayg?h tuuG qf udk vf mawmh rr&aD jymr,”f tcsed [f m wjzn;f jzn;f e@J uek of mG ;yg+y?D u|erf vn;f arah rah ysmuaf ysmuf ygy?J ewuf awm}fu;D uvn;f u|erf w@dkudk =unuhf uG /f =unuhf uG ef @J vyk f vyk af ewwf ygw,?f u|erf w@dk uvn;f bmobd mom aeygw,?f 'vD edk @J wae@rmS rr&uD u|erf ukd ajymvmygw,?f “tuuG af wmh qudk vf m+yD w@dku 'gudk pepwf us o;kH ww&f if tusKd; &dS r,”f w?hJ tædk u|erf jzihf 0r;f omvudk wf mæ rr&uD cvk &dk iS ;f jyygw,?f “axmirf ;ª &@J 'vD yk &f y[f m omrerf [wk bf ;l ? axmitf m%me@J ewtf m%m EpS rf sKd;aygi;f +y;D ueG jfrLepuf odk mru Eidk if aH &;tusO;f om; tm;v;kH udk O;D csKd ;ypEf idk wf hJ tptD pO/f a&&nS rf mS Eidk if aH &;orm;rsm;tygt0if tusO;f om; tm;v;kH udk acgi;f raxmiEf idk af tmivf yk zf @dk ajcvrS ;f jyiwf m? owl @dk&@J prD uH ed ;f udk r[e@fwm;Eidk &f if a&&nS rf mS ewuf awmf }u;D [m axmirf ;ª &@Jvuuf idk wf wk f (axmirf i;f or;D ) jzpvf m Eidk wf ,?f tusO;f oal w&G @J tajctae[m trsm;}u;D q;dk omG ;Eidk wf ,?f t'J aD wmh tck qudk vf mwthJ uuG uf dk prD uH ed ;f &&dS dS yyd &d &d ed @J vyk Ef idk &f if yxrtqirhf mS yJ +y;D omG ;&if atmiyf &JG Eidk wf ,?f 'wk ,d tqihf a&muof mG ;&if wudk yf JG [m a&&SnfoGm;Ekdifw,f? cufcJ}urf;wrf;oGm;Ekdifw,f? tJ'g tm;vHk;eJ@vnf; aq;G aE;G +y;D rS oabmwnl cD suf ,+ly;D rS vyk &f r,”f w?hJ aemuqf ;kH rmS tm;v;kH oabmwnl cD sutf & 'tD ptD pOtf widk ;f pvyk f & r,ohf l (azmucf oJG )l tjzpf u|erf udk wm0ef ay;vudk wf ,?f rr&uD u|erf vyk &f r,hf tptD pOef @J axmirf ;ª e@J &iqf idk pf Of ajym&r,phf um;utp tao;pwd !f e¸ =fum; yg w,?f 95

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axmif r;ª [m u|erf e@J rsuEf mS csi;f qidk &f yvf ukd +fy;D rsu&f naf wG 0aJ ewhJ rsuvf ;kH e@J u|erf udk =un+hfy;D - “tewf uhD dk oem;ygO;D =unaf v;&,/f tewf wD @dk xri;f t;dk uadk wmh ±udk rf cJG vkdufygeJ@? axmifykdif}uD;om odoGm;&if ol[m pnf;urf;}uD;oavmuf tveG &f upf uf wvhJ }lu;D yg? tewf uhD dk csawmrh mS aocsmygw,”f “tefwDhukd raxmufxm;vkd@ r[kwfygbl;? tajctaeu tvGefqkd;vGef;vkd@ rwwfomwJhtqHk;rS vkyf&rSmyg? 'DudpP rcufygbl;tefwD? tewf thD aee@J tcsed rf D jyKjyiaf y;vudk &f if aumi;f omG ;rmS yg” axmirf ;ª u o@l±;kH ce;f udk jyeof mG ;+y;D r=umcief wuf awm}fu;D e@J axmi0f g'g a': - - (axmirf ;ª em; t+rwJ r;f zm;aeo)l uydk g ac:um ±;kH ce;f xrJ mS w;dk w;dk wwd wf wd f acgi;f csi;f qidk af e=uygw,?f axmirf ;ª u u|erf aemuf vudk vf m+y;D awmi;f yeaf ewmudk ovd udk wf hJ tusO;f orl sm;uvn;f u|erf qvD m+y;D tusKd; ta=umi;f ar;ae=uv@dk jye&f iS ;f jy&e@J [edk m;wpk 'eD m;wpk w;dk w;dk w;dk w;dk e@J jzpaf eygw,?f “tædk ±y_ yf gw,?f axmiyf idk }fu;D qoD m omG ;wivf udk yf g? 'grS ausmi;f reS ;f uerf eS ;f ood mG ;rmS ” 'tD oaH wuG [udk xuG vf m 'uD xuG vf me@J qal eygw,?f u|erf vn;f bmrrS ajymbJ wwd wf wd f aevudk wf ,?f vuwf @Hkjyewf hJ wudk yf æJG uawmh atmijfriof mG ;yg+y?D jzpcf siaf wmh wudk f wudk qf idk qf idk f ‘cwJ v;kH e@J iuS f 3 aumif reS ’f qodk vdk jzpof mG ;w,?f axmirf ;ª a&m/ axmi0f g'ga&m/ ewuf awm}fu;D yg +ird of mG ;ygw,?f x;l jcm;wmu 'jDzp&f yvf n;f +yD;a&m tusOf;olawGxJrSm jy\\emay:vm&if u|efrwkd@ygwDacgif;aqmif trsKd ;or;D awG qrD mS vmwidk +fy;D q;kH jzwaf y;or# ausauseyf eyvf ucf yH gw,?f “b,tf &mupd rP qkd w&m;ojzihf ajz&iS ;f ay;w,”f qwdk m ,=kHunvf ucf =Hujci;f ygy?J u|erf w@dkvn;f vxl vk yk if e;f udk y*dk ±pk udk f vyk yf gw,?f tusO;f oal wG ae raumi;f &if axmirf ;ª udk wijfyay;wm/ axmiqf &m0e(f trsKd;or;D q&m0e)f vm&if vel mudk ac: jyay;wmawG vyk yf gw,?f q&m0euf oabmxm; raumi;f ygb;l ? rr oef;wkd@tdrfu ykd@vmwJh aq;rsm;eJ@yJ vlemawGukd ay;+yD;oHk;ae&ygw,f? Aad E mW aq;/ taemuwf idk ;f tp&kH ydS gw,?f acgi;f uukd /f Aukd ef m/ 0r;f av#m/ tat;r/d ESmap;acsmif;qkd; omrefudpPav;awGawmh ukvkd@&ygw,f? a&m*g}uD;&if jyi;f xe&f iaf wmh rwwEf idk f ygb;l ? u|erf w@dk &aJ bmaf wxG rJ mS vn;f q&m0e&f ydS gw,?f 97

a':ci&f aD tmif (&aJ bmf atmi&f @J Ze;D ) [m q&m0eyf g? 'gay r,hf bmaq;rrS &adS wmh a&m*g}u;D awuG adk wmh rwwEf ifdk yf g? 'vD edk @J tusO;f orl sm;&@J use;f rma&;uvdk n;f wwfEkdifor# *±kpkdufay; ygw,f? u|efrwkd@ ygwDxJu bDuvyfpf &wm 3 a,mu&f ydS gw,?f xri;f [i;f awG trsm;}u;D yadk ew,?f rr&eD @J u|erf udk twl pm;z@dk oabmxm;ay;ayr,hf u|erf w@dk 2 a,muvf ;kH u vurf cvH @dk tusO;f om;xrJ S uav;i,rf sm;/ ruse;f rmorl sm;e@J tm;en;f orl sm;udk vtdk yof vdk a0iaS y;ygw,?f axmirf ;ª [m u|erf w@dk bmvyk af ew,qf wdk mudk oad yr,hf road ,mif aqmifaew,f? 'DvkdeJ@ u|efrwkd@ EkdifiHa&;orm;awGvufxJ axmiftm%m a&murf eS ;f rod a&muvf mw,?f tao;tzaJG wuG adk wmh oul *±rk pudk yf g? u|erf w@dk Eifdk if aH &; tusO;f orm;awtG ay:rmS quqf aH &; yadk ysmah ysmi;f vmw,?f wu,uf yxrtqirhf mS r+y;D v@dk axmiyf idk }fu;D quD dk 'jDy\\em a&muf c&hJ if pn;f ur;f t& uidk wf mvn;f jzpcf sijfzprf ,?f 'grrS [wk f Eidk if aH &;orm;awuG dk O;D csKd ;csiwf me@J wen;f wzkH vnS +hfy;D uidk wf mrsKd ;vn;f jzpcf sijfzprf ,?f 'grrS [wk f axmifykdif}uD;u vl&nfykdvnf/ tm%mvnf; ykd}uD;awmh wcsDwnf;eJ@ axmirf ;ª uadk &m Eidk if aH &;orm;awyG g csvudk wf mrsKd ;vn;f jzpcf sijfzpEf idk wf ,?f tcak wmh yxrtqirhf mS yJ +y;D omG ;awmh tajctae yadk umi;f ygw,?f pn;f v;kH nnD m atmiaf =umi;f om wae@buD vypf f xri;f csKdivhf my@dk&i;f a':oed ;f E&k @Jciyf eG ;f O;D v(S ysO;f rem;c±idk /f c±idk yf gwaD umrf w)D u pma&;ay;vmw,?f ta=umi;f u (1) ruse;f rmwhJ a&m*g onf axmiof m;awuG dk aumi;f pmG aq;urk ay;jci;f (2) Eidlk if aH &;orm; awuG dk pmzwcf iG hf a&',D dk em;axmicf iG rhf sm; ywd jfci;f (3) axmiof m;awuG dk yrdk zdk Ed ydS f vmjci;f pwmawGa=umifh 'Dae@nu pvkd@ “axmifwGif;wkdufyGJ” 0ifygr,f? trsdK;om; axmifrSm &SdaewJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD/ tvHeD ueG jfrLepyf gw/D jynof @l&aJ bm)f w@dku pak ygi;f +y;D “o;kH ygwD wudk yf aJG umrf w”D z@JGpn;f wudk yf qJG irf mS jzpaf =umi;f &aJ bmwf @dk trsKd ;or;D axmiuf vn;f “axmucf oH ywd f wudk yf ”JG jzihf yg0if unl aD pvadk =umi;f ta=umi;f =um;pmjzpyf gw,?f ('tD csed uf trsKd ;om;axmirf mS tusO;f om;waxmiaf usm&f ydS gw,?f EpS }f u;D orm;awG axmiuf vwG cf ge;D tusO;f om;awuG dk rvf m† tz@JG/ xri;f csuf z}dku;D tz@JG/ awmi,f mvyk if e;f tz@JG pojzihf bwk tf z@JGawG z@JGxm;+y;D tvyk cf ikd ;f ygw,?f 98