Laporan Tahunan 2015

SCIENCE OUTLOOK 01 STI Governance 04 Energising Industries Action Towards Vision 1 Strengthen STI Management Cycle 10 Formal and Regulated Linkages for 2 Establish a Centralised STI Body Public-Private Partnership The Science Outlook 2015 3 Establish a Parliamentary presents an independent analysis 11 Disseminate STI Agenda and consolidated report on key Select Committee Amongst Industry Player STI trends and development 4 Enactment of a Science Act in Malaysia. The Science Outlook 12 STI Data Centre provides a reality check based on the six strategic thrusts of the 02 R,D&C 05 STI Enculturation NPSTI namely STI Governance,Annual Report Research, Development & 5 Empower Centralised Coordination 13 Early Exposure to Science Commercialisation (R,D&C), STI Body Talent, Energising Industries, STI 14 Role of players in Popularising Science Enculturation, and Strengthening 6 Effective Use of Gross Domestic should be defined International Alliances. Expenditure on R&D (GERD) 15 Engage Public through Multiple Platforms STI plays an indispensable role in catalysing knowledge- 03 STI Talent 16 Develop Science Enculturation Index based development. Thus, the report has forwarded 18 7 Systematic Planning and Development 06 Strategic International recommendations to mobilise 8 Bridge Gap Between Policy and Reality Alliance action on several critical areas. The recommendations are 9 Retain STI Talent 17 Increase STI-Focused International Alliance critical to uplift socio-economic standards of the nation that 18 Position Malaysia’s STI Capabilities aspires to become a knowledge- to Strategic Partners intensive and innovation-led economy. It is anticipated that 18 Science Outlook will make a valuable contribution towards recommendations of the creating a fully functional STI Science Outlook 2015 ecosystem that is unique for Malaysia. 100

The Way Forward Annual ReportUpon reviewing the six strategic thrusts of theNPSTI and taking stock of Malaysia’s performancethus far, the Science Outlook 2015 identified gapsand forwarded 18 recommendations to mobiliseaction in critical areas.The key takeaway messages are firstly that STIinputs and interventions should not be seen justas a precursor to policy development or as asupport for decision making, but must be anintegral part of the whole ecosystem of policyimplementation towards meeting set targets.Secondly, STI must converge with economicsand finance, governance, geopolitics as well associety and culture to fuel a robust ideationprocess for socio-economic transformation.Thirdly and most importantly, we must adopttransformative thinking, integrated planning andinclusive implementation to mainstream STI innational development.in brief• The Science Outlook 2015 was launched by YB Datuk Seri Panglima Madius Tangau, Minister of MOSTI on 17 Dec 2015.• The full report and its Executive Summary is available in the ASM website. 101

Annual Report The water sector is of strategic importance The Integrated Water Resources to the country’s economic growth. A Series Management (IWRM) was adopted as of water sector studies was conducted by the central philosophy and thrust for its ASM with the objective to address issues work since this internationally endorsed and challenges in the critical sector. paradigm is based on the 1992 Dublin Strategies and recommendations for Principles. Completed reports were then the studies were developed through offered as strategic advice for the consultations with relevant institutions, consideration and adoption of relevant community and private sector stakeholders. Ministries and agencies. 102

Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) factsheetThe Position Paper entitled, Study on the 12 out of 189 river basins has implemented IRBM Plan as of Nov 2014Status and Issues on Integrated River BasinManagement (IRBM) in Malaysia completed 85 out of 189 river basins are prone to frequent floodingin 2014 identified three Key Limiting Factors 9% of land in Malaysia is flood pronehindering the progress of IRBM in Malaysia. Estimated average annual flood damages is RM915milThrough the Department of Irrigation andDrainage (DID) Malaysia, EPU has accepted Floods in Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Johor, Sabah and SarawakASM’s recommendation on developing IRBMplans for 25 river basins in Malaysia under the resulted in almost RM2.9 billion of infrastructure damage (Dec 2014 - Jan 2015)11th Malaysia Plan as an action plan under the The report recommends 37 river basins with high economic importanceRiver Basin and Land Use Planning strategy. (e.g. for agriculture and drinking water) as priority for implementation of IRBM Plan.Lack of a supportive Lack of institutional Lack of financial Annual Reportuniform water law capacity support to the StatesStrategic Plan for Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) In MalaysiaEnabling Environment Institutional Set-up Management Instruments1 Implementation of the National 5 New Federal institutional 7 Water Assessment and Allocation 8 Uniform Pricing Model forWater Resources (NWR) Policy structure for water governance Water Resourcesat State-level 6 Alignment of functions and 9 Implement Payment for Ecosystem2 National legislature to enact the responsibilities with the NWR Ecosystem Services (PES) Schemes 10 Pollution Controldraft NWR Law Policy and proposed NWR Law 11 Flood Management 12 Drought Management3 State legislatures to adopt the 13 River Basin and Land Use Planning draft NWR Law 14 River Basin Information System 15 R&D on IRBM and an IRBM Pilot Project4 Appropriation of adequate 16 River Basin Monitoring Federal Funds and support in 17 Stakeholder Participation Key Areas that are catalytical to the sound and sustainable17management of river basins strategic plans for IRBM implementation 103

Water Demand Management (WDM) & Water Supply and Wastewater Management (WSWM) factsheet The National Colloquium on WDM (2009) • Malaysia has greater emphasis on water and the Position Paper on Current Status supply management as compared to water NRW in Malaysia remain high and Needs Assessment for WSWM in demand management Malaysia revealed the following: national average of 36.4% • Need for policies to support the water demand management By maintaining NRW at an average • The amount of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) of 25% and bringing down in the country is high whereas the efforts to expedite green growth (reduce, reuse and domestic consumption of water to recycle for water) were inadequate 180 litres/day/capita, it is possibleAnnual Report to save 5,966mil litres of Sabah water per day. Perlis A concerted implementation Kedah WP Labuan of WDM Strategies will Kelantan allow potential water Terengganu savings of 4,511mcm Pulau by 2020. That is more than Pinang existing water supply dams and irrigation dams combined Perak in Malaysia (4,324 mcm). The water quality in Peninsular Selangor Pahang Sarawak Malaysia is categorised as Kuala “Vulnerable”. WP Lumpur Water deficit states. (National Water Resources Study 2012) Putrajaya NRW levels exceeding 50%. Johor The cost of aluminium sludge Negeri The National Water Resources Study 2011 disposal for Malaysia is expected Sembilan to exceed RM10 billion annually. Excluding aluminium sludge from Malacca Scheduled Water that could potentially triple the revenue of wastewater treatment companies, making it a lucrative business. 104

ASM then conducted the following studies:1 Water Supply and Wastewater Management (WSWM)Enabling Environment Management Instruments• Formulation of a National Water • Implement Management Information SystemServices Policy (NWSP) • Develop alternative sources of water supply for use singly or conjunctively• Review all relevant legislation at both with surface waterFederal and State levels to be consistent • Seeking exemption of Aluminum sludge as a Scheduled Waste (SW)with the proposed NWSP • Centralised versus Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System• Expedite migration to Water • Review Scope and Coverage of Sewerage Services to ensure proper Annual ReportService Industry Act (WSIA) management of Sewage Treatment Plan (STP) of effluents • Reduction in Non-Revenue Water (NRW). • Water Safety Plans (WSPs)Institutional Framework • Application of innovative Technologies for Water Supply and Wastewater Sectors• Review institutional structures at all • Water Tariff Adjustment and Appropriate Tariff Structure hierarchical levels following the integration to Reduce Wasteful Consumption of the water supply and sewerage sectors • Engaging the Consumers and the Public in Water Conservation Initiatives and the role of Forum Air • Reduce, reuse, recycle • Implement projects and services for wealth creation • Implement adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to the impacts of climate change21 • Pursue continuing integrated research on Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Products and Services • Training of operation & maintainance personnel towards achieving “Operation Excellence” • Develop together with the food and energy sectors a common Water-Food-Energy Nexus Framework • Enhancing Networking and International Cooperation WSWM Strategies 105

2 Water Demand Management (WDM) Enabling Environment • Develop a comprehensive Water Accounting, Auditing and Feedback System for within Sector and Inter-Sector WDM • Adopt WDM considerations in Policy and Operational Decisions on Water Management related issues • Review and update water and water management related laws to strengthen adherence to WDM in all sectorsAnnual Report Institutional Framework 27 • Form a dedicated Department for Agriculture Water Management under the Ministry of Agriculture and WDM Strategies Agro-based Industry that is responsible for Water Management for all sub-sectors of Agriculture including aquaculture, livestock, plantation and commodity crops • Form a dedicated WDM Unit in all water management related Departments and Institutions • Form a dedicated Water Management Research and Development & Capacity Development Institution for Agriculture Water Management • Establish a special institution or section for Ecosystem (Environmental) Water Management • Establish of a Central Regulating Agency for water and WDM for Sabah and Sarawak • Form a Permanent Inter-Sector Technical Water Committee for Federal-State and Inter-Sector WDM harmonisation 106

Management Instruments Annual Report• Integrate and share all hydrological, climatic as well as water quality data by all water management related institutions• Consolidate agriculture activities by crop types and industry in river basins for effective WDM• Planning for new industrial zones to be based on potential recycling for non-potable water from sewerage system• Adopt applications of the National Blue Ocean Strategy in WDM• To develop groundwater for emergency use• Develop Operations, Maintenance and Service Levels Excellence Plan• To introduce financial incentives for wide scale public adoption of water saving devices and installation• Incorporate public (end-users) into the water management governance system with linkages from the local, basin, State and National levels• Establish target reduction of NRW by 25% for Peninsular Malaysia by 2020.• Implement efficiency improvement and returned water quality control programs and projects in Granary irrigation systems• Implement WDM programmes for horticulture, livestock, aquaculture, plantation and commodity crops• Structure the water industry by integrating all water developers and service providers to be recognised as one of the key economic growth sector• Link water supply (all water sectors) development and services to Green Growth Economy with high elements of green technology applications• Undertake R&D specifically for WDM• Implement WDM Programs enabling the development of advanced technologies for national ownership• Develop comprehensive WDM capacity-building programmes for all• Develop Inter Sector framework for water-food-energy nexus• Strengthening international networking and enhancing strategic alliances with Regional and International Water Institutions. 107

Annual Report “In COP21, Malaysia has declared our commitment to reduce the greenhouse gas emission to 45% based on the Gross Domestic Product by 2030” YB Dato’ Dr Haji Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Emission of Greenhouse gases from human activities had been proven beyond doubt as the main cause of global warming and climate change. The finite world energy supply, which consists nearly 90% of fossil fuel, will be depleted in a short period of time precipitating an energy-crisis because of a widening gap between fossil-fuel production and demand. Many countries including Malaysia has responded to the anticipated energy security crisis and climate change by diversifying their fuel-resources to include renewable and alternative energy, and developing green-energy technologies for the future. Realising the importance of energy sector in Malaysia, ASM has embarked on a series of studies relating to the energy sector with the aim to address issues and challenges anticipated to be faced by the energy sector in the near future. 108

Energy Usage and Energy Efficiency in Transportation (EUEET) factsheetThis advisory report provides an overview on the issue of energy usage and The transport sector consumed 42.3%energy efficiency in transportation sector. The report summarises the currentstatus and recommends the next actions for improving transport energy of the final energy demand in 2013.usage and energy efficiency in Malaysia. The findings are divided into threesections, namely environment, policy and technology. Efficient use of energy can contribute to at leastThe environment section outlines the impact of transport energy usage 65% of the cumulative emission reductionand energy efficiency on the environment, while the recommendations Around 700,000 vehicles werefor mitigation actions are given under the policy and technology sections.Actions must be taken via the adoption of new policies and development registered until 2014.of new technologies in order to improve the current energy pattern in thetransportation sector. Annual Report1 Impact of transport energy usage and energy 2 Master transport efficiency on the environment policyResource use Land take • Policy that consider energy usage and• Large amounts of oil-based • Land used for infrastructure energy efficiencyresources used for transport • Habitat fragmentation • Policies for fuel and emission standards,• Extraction of infrastructure Water impacts incentives for phasing our inefficientconstruction methods • Pollution from spillage vehicles as well as energy usage and fuelClimate change • Pollution from runoff efficiency labeling policy for vehicles• Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Changes to water systems by • Policies to support future vehicle technologies, particularly policies for internet of vehicles, and other global warming gases infrastructure electric vehicles and biofuel productionsWaste 16• Quality of life for those living nearby • Develop technologies for electric vehicle (EVs) roads, airports, stations and ports• Vehicles, fluids and tires together with energy efficiency vehicles (EEVs) • Development of enabling technologies for EVs, and alternative fuels namely biofuels and hydrogen fuels are for improving EUEET3 Technology’s perspective• Local emissions of Carbon MonoxideAir pollution (CO), Particular Matter (PM), lead,Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs),hydrocarbons (HC) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)Noise and vibration recommendations for EUEET 109

Carbon Free Energy: Roadmap for Malaysia appropriate policies and targets to address energy related issues and challenges. The roadmap aims to assess the prospects of The scope of the roadmap focuses only energy mix and actions that need to be taken on the electricity sector with projection to achieve a carbon free energy future for period of 2015 to 2050. The following Malaysia. The roadmap provides policy- scenarios were developed for the carbon makers a quantitative framework to free energy roadmap: understand the supply and demand of the future energy trends and hence to formulate Scenario 1 : To achieve a carbon free energy mixAnnual Report in electricity generation by 2050 Carbon free energy sources have been 6 A 2GW nuclear power plants will be in introduced, and by 2050, fossil fuels will be place by 2025 to supply the non-carbon completely phased out and replaced by eight electricity in medium term action plan. types of alternative resources in energy mix. 7 Hydropower will be continued to be 1 Ocean Thermal Energy Coversion (OTEC) used as peaking plants and for will compromise about 41% of the reserve margin. electricity generation mainly for production of hydrogen. 8 Geothermal in Sabah will be the smallest share in electricity generation. 2 Wind energy generated from on and off shore facilities would be the second major The projections show that in between 2035 resource in the electricity supply. and 2040, the proposed energy mix will be able to achieve a net zero CO2 emission in the 3 Combined wave and tidal current energy electricity sector. Furthermore, in 2050 the will be the next important resources for the total avoidance is about 217 Gtonnes of CO2. electricity generation. This amount is equivalent to approximately emission avoided from 106 Peta grams of coal 4 Solar PV to supply for midday which is also burned. the peak demand time of the day. 5 The main sources for the bioenergy in electricity generation will be the municipal solid waste and biogas despite the abundance of oil palm wastes from the oil palm industry. 110

Scenario 2 : To achieve net zero carbon emissions in electricity generation by 2050 Annual ReportThe total carbon dioxide emission avoidance 4 90% of municipal solid waste will be treated 10 Geothermal will be thefrom carbon free energy sources will offset by incineration and will contribute smallest share inthe emissions from the fossil fuels combustion significantly in the electricity generation mix. electricity generation.by 2050. Fossil fuels together with ninecarbon free energy resources will contribute 5 Wind energy will be the fifth major energy The projections show that byto the future energy mix as follows: sources in electricity generation by 2050. 2050, the present proposed energy mix would be able to1 Fossil fuels will play an important role 6 Solar PV shares about the same amount of offset the emissions from the in power generation, however its share of installed capacity as wind energy. However, fossil fuels combustion and electricity generation in 2050 (97%) will be the electricity generation from the PV is less finally achieve a net zero CO2 reduced by more than half (42%) than the wind because of the lower capacity emission in the electricity sector. compared to 2012. factor. In 2050, the total avoidance is about 92 billion tonnes of CO2.2 OTEC will be the main supply and 7 Nuclear energy will contribute to supply the This amount is equivalent to accounting for about 17% of electricity non-carbon electricity in medium term approximately emission avoided generation with 50% of its total installed action plan and able to ease the reduction from 44 Peta grams of coal capacity will be used in hydrogen of fossil fuels consumption. burned. generation by 2050. 8 The combined of wave energy and tidal3 The shares of fuel cell in electricity current energy will be the next important generation (2020-2050) can only be sources. achieved if the energy supply for hydrogen production is sufficient. 9 Hydropower plants has been used as peaking plants and reserve margin. However, the operational capacity needs to be controlled to safeguard the environment. 111

Annual Report Fuel Cell Industries in Malaysia 1 • Improve components in the fuel cell and hydrogen industries • Develop comprehensive guidelines, regulations, and policies It is vital for Malaysia to have greener Hydrogen technologies, cleaner fuels and low Infrastructure according to global standards carbon emission due to its high carbon • Hold public awareness & advocacy campaigns dioxide emissions, fossil fuels depletion 2 • Develop local codes and standards for hydrogen safety and energy security issues. In view of • Establish robust policies to support the hydrogen infrastructure this, a system of delivering energy using Fuel Cell • Pursue responsible institutions on fuel cell technology hydrogen is envisioned for Malaysia and Applications • Develop local supply chain and specific market penetration is called Hydrogen Economy. • Build adequate capacity building in human resources for the A Blueprint was developed with the hydrogen industry aim of establishing Malaysia’s own fuel • Establish National Priority in hydrogen infrastructure for the cell and hydrogen industries which focuses on three key groups: Hydrogen electricity generation and transportation sectors infrastructure, Fuel Cell Applications and Emerging Fuel Cell Technologies. • Obtain proven high track records of involvement in hydrogen Insightful views of the challenges and energy industries barriers faced by the Malaysian fuel cell and hydrogen industries as well as • Establish a policy structure that supports new application of recommendations on how to overcome fuel cell technology these challenges and plan of actions are described in the blueprint. • Carry out development effort with cost considerations • Advance hydrogen usage in convenient fuel cell applications The Blueprint also reviewed and • Organize large-scale campaigns to ensure continuous funding revised the 2005 “Roadmap for Solar, • Secure strong and stable support from all stakeholders to maintain Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research and Development Directions and Markets progress and growth in Malaysia” released by Pusat Tenaga • Advance R&D to be a strong regional market leader Malaysia as it takes into account the • Develop the fuel cell transportation industry current local and global scenarios. • Develop a model city powered by fuel cell technology The following strategies have been formulated to initiate, improve, and 3 • Develop policies, standards, and guidelines for novel fuel cell nurture the fuel cell and hydrogen products and components industries: Emerging Fuel Cell • Ensure financial support from various stakeholders Technologies • Appoint champions for the fuel cell industry • Set up monitoring bodies to align collaborations between research institutes, government and industry • Target specific market segments for the local industry • Plan for education programs in higher education institutions • Replace raw materials from expensive imports to new indigenous resources 112

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Annual Report Input to Stakeholders ASM undertakes various consultancy work for ministries and government agencies. It draws ASM Fellows who are experts in the related fields were consulted on their reviews upon the expertise and experience of ASM pertaining to the related topics. In addition, literature review on related topics members in providing technical advice in were done by comparing with current data, ASM’s previous and current studies various science disciplines, conducting due related to the topics. Topics reviewed were related to society, education, diligence and studies, data analysis as well environment, energy and IoT. as innovation management. ASM has provided strategic input by reviewing the following documents for factsheet government ministries and agencies: 12 documents: MOSTI • Dasar dan Pelan Tindakan Warga Emas Negara Cabinet memorandums, policies, surveys and • Malaysia Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on reports were reviewed. Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Topics reviewed: • Draft of STI Cooperation Index in the APEC Region STEM Education, ageing population, tourism, • MJM Lawatan YB Menteri ke Institusi Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, Taiwan biodiversity, environmental January 2016 engineering and research, green technology and climate • MJM MITI-1Malaysia Promotion bagi tahun 2016-2020 change, renewable energy, intellectual property, • MJM NRE: Hosting of International Association for Hydro-Environment commercialisation, and IoT. Engineering and Research (IAHR) World Congress • MJM: Penyertaan YBM KETTHA ke Persidangan: I. 6th Session of The Assembly of Irena, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-17 Jan 2016; and II. World Future Energy Summit, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 18-21 Jan 2016. NRE • National Policy on Biological Diversity 2015-2025 for Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) KeTTHA • Final Draft Green Technology Master Plan MIGHT • OECD Review of Malaysia’s National Intellectual Property System • Draft of OECD’s Malaysia Innovation Policy Review IIASA • Draft of IIASA Research Plan 2016-2020 114

Risk Assessment of Genetically Annual ReportModified (GM) PapayaThe Biosafety Department had conducteda risk assessment for GM papaya (Caricapapaya L.) under a confined field trial andthere is a need to conduct this exercise forthe growth of papaya in an open field. Thisrisk assessment complies with the BiosafetyAct 2007 as a requirement for the GMpapaya to be mass produced.ASM was appointed to conduct theassessment and provide documentation ofthe biology of papaya which covers theorigin, distribution and trade, botany,genetics, propagation and plant culturepractices. It also includes the ecology thatthe plant requires for optimum growth anddevelopment.Two ASM Fellows, namely Dato’ Dr SimSoon Liang FASc and Dr Chan Ying KwokFASc led the risk assessment and draftedthe documentation of the biology of papaya. Papaya is one of the important crops of Malaysia which is undergoing Genetic Modification (GM) to improve its shelf-life and resistance to diseases such as the Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) and bacterial dieback diseases. 115

National Survey of R&D in Malaysia 2015 factsheet The National Survey of R&D in Malaysia 2015 Target respondents are: is a continuation of series of survey that has been conducted since 1994. The survey aims 6,865 BEs to measure and monitor the achievement of 176 GRIs R&D activities conducted by agencies and 64 IHLs Government Research Institutes (GRIs), 25 NGOs Institute of Higher Learnings (IHLs) and Business Enterprises (BEs) in Malaysia. The Five workshops were conducted, data gathered will be useful to make informed including several site-visits. decisions, particularly regarding policies,Annual Report action plans and implementation strategies. This survey is an effort to validate the policies put in place for STI starting from the First NSTP1; 1986-1989, the National Action Plan on Industrial Technology Development (1990-2001) and the NPSTI; 2013-2020. MOSTI through the Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC) has commissioned ASM to carry out the 2015 survey. The National Survey of R&D in Malaysia 2015 report will be presented to the Government. This survey would serve as an important tool to gather data from the recipients of R&D grants as well as players in the national R&D landscape. 116

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Mega Science 3.0 Furniture Design Malaysia’s automotive Furniture Manufacturing industry recorded sales of The Mega Science 3.0 study Furniture Sustainability Practices scheduled to be completed in 588,341 cars and 78,124 2016 will address cross cutting Furniture Marketing commercial vehicles (after issues such as access to MAA 2015), estimated centralised national data, STI for policy and integrated at about RM43 billion approach to national planning if average vehicle price beyond 2020. is RM65K.Annual Report factsheet MS 3.0 Consultative Stakeholder Furniture Automotive Workshops: Industry Industry 19 Sectoral Workshops were held In 2014, Malaysia’s Integrated Digital Engineering furniture industry nation-wide, involving a total of generated some Advanced Integrated Active Safety RM8.013 billion 460 participants from various in revenues Big Data Movement (integrated silicon photonics, Government agencies, Academia, 118 advanced embedded system technology, the private sector, NGOs and advanced sensor technology) individuals as well as ASM Fellows. Advanced Green Material Report produced: (i) The Integrated Inception Report, entitled “The Path to 2050 – An Inception Report of the Mega Science 3.0 Project”. (ii) The Integrated Interim Report, entitled “Global 2050 Technology and Business Outlook – An Interim Report of the Mega Science 3.0 Project”.

Heritage RM76 billion was Trends for Advanced MaterialsArchaeology, museums, libraries, archives, crafts, rituals & targeted forfestivals, heritage buildings & cities, natural heritage sites 2015 Visit Malaysia New Product DevelopmentThe Arts Trends for AdvancedPublications, film, advertising, radio, music, Manufacturing Technologyand new media (animation, CG, mobile content, games) Environment and SustainableMedia DevelopmentPerforming arts (live music, theatre and dance)Visual Arts (paintings, sculpture and photography)Functional CreationsIdentification of futuristic materials and design techniques,identification of multiple functions of design, and identificationof future use of functional creations in other areas Annual ReportCreative Tourism Plastics andIndustry Industry Composites Industry In the creative Trends Related to In 2014 Malaysia’s plastic industry, PEMANDU Destination Management estimates that the Tourism, Transportation industry generated RM19.37 Gross National Income and Connectivity Developments billion while composite industry from this sector will recorded a revenue of be RM3.014 billion Tourism, Climate Change and Issues by 2020 Related to Sustainability RM3.38 bilion Demographic Changes Barrier-free Tourism 119

Annual Report Technologies Beyond Today Transforming the Water Sector - National Integrated Water Resources The ASM Emerging Science, Engineering Management (IWRM) Plan and Technology (ESET) working group identified 284 emerging technologies The National IWRM Plan aims to integrate and are now in the process of being every Water Sector Study undertaken by prioritised. ASM so far and Expert Reviews written by prominent contributors into one The five major areas are Biotechnology, comprehensive report for the transformation Digital Technology, Green Technology, of the water sector in Malaysia. The Final Nanotechnology, and Neurotechnology Report will include strategies and detailed and were based on the study by implementation roadmaps towards 2030, Dr Richard Watson and his team, in-line with UN’s SDGs. This report will be Imperial College, UK. tabled to the National Water Resources Council to benefit at least 10 Ministries and The scope of the study covers: all state governments through the IWRM. • global outlook of each technology area The IWRM sub-themes that will be covered • Malaysia’s positioning in terms of in this report are as follows: strengths, weakness, policies and governance • Integrated River Basin Management • R&D Needs Assessment of each • Integrated Lake Basin Management technology area and other • Integrated Aquifer System Management associated areas • Water Demand Management • Water Supply and Wastewater Management • Integrated R&D Agenda for Water • Climate Change and Water • Integrated Urban Water Management • Integrated Flood Management • Integrated Drought Management • Water Quality Management • Water and Health • Water and Agriculture • Water and Land (National Physical Plan) • Water, Food, Energy (WFE) Nexus • Virtual Water and Water Footprint • Water and Green Growth • Water Financing • Water as a Business • Water and Gender • S&T Awareness, Advocacy and Capacity Building • International Networking and Collaboration 120

Water and Agriculture The completed report will be forwarded Annual Report to the Ministry of Urban Well-being,The study reviews agricultural water use and Housing and Local Government (KPKT),recommend strategies to revitalise the sector. Ministry of Federal Territories (KWP),The strategies focus on the following: KeTTHA, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) and other relevant • Providing more efficient service to rainfed stakeholders. This is 1st phase of the IUWM and irrigated agriculture study. The second Phase will cover conurbation located in Sabah and Sarawak. • Developing productive livestock & fisheries industries in the country Water-Related Policies and LegislationThe study looks into some of the country’s This study is carried out to assess themost important crops such as palm oil and framework on relevant policies andpaddy. The Advisory Report prepared will be planning documents related to waterforwarded to the Ministry of Agriculture and resources management in identifying theAgro-based Industry (MOA) and Ministry of strengths and potential gaps in thePlantation Industries and Commodities (MPIC) institutional capacity for climate changefor their consideration. adaptation.Integrated Urban Water Management The study aims to provide stakeholders like the Federal and State Government withThis study looks into the dire ramifications insights on how to strengthen water-relatedon urban amenities and services due to policies and legislation for a water securedrapid urbanisation. It includes current future. The policies and planning documentsstatus of urban water planning & controls, assessed are as follows:urban drainage controls and urban waterdisaster management. The following four • National Policy on Climate Changeconurbations were selected for the study, • National Water Resources Policythey are as follows: • Tenth Malaysia Plan • Selangor State Structure Plan • Greater Kuala Lumpur • Sungai Selangor River Basin • George Town • Kuantan Management Plan • Iskandar Corridor and Johor Bahru121

Annual Report Socio-Economic Impacts of El Niño Rapid land development for urbanisation, in Malaysia logging, sand mining, plantations as well as agriculture has resulted in most of the rivers The study on the Socio-economic Impacts of and coastal areas having heavy sediment El Niño in Malaysia was a request by MOSTI loads throughout the year. Most climate to inform Cabinet on the necessary measures change scenarios predict a significant increase the Government would have to take to in the frequency of high intensity rainfall mitigate against the worst effects of El Niño. events especially in the dry areas, which will This study examines the impact of El Niño in increase run off and soil erosion. the following sectors: It is time for measures to be taken to stop • Agriculture further deterioration of the quality • Water resources of our water environment. People want our • Energy rivers and beaches to have cleaner waters • Forestry without the color of the soil. Not only that, • Air quality the economic cost of cleaning up the waters • Health will be too high for the government and • Fisheries consequently, the tax payers to bear. • Marine and terrestrial ecosystems • Tourism A Working Group on Erosion and • Education Sedimentation was formed to gather input from various stakeholders on current issues Erosion and Sedimentation and gaps on erosion and sedimentation. Deliverable from this working group would Soil erosion and the consequent be a position paper on erosion and sedimentation of waterways is the biggest sedimentation providing policy inputs to single cause of waterway pollution all relevant ministries on this issue. over the world (USDA, 2000). Erosion and sedimentation have both environmental and economic impacts. Among others, they severely deplete aquatic life, reduce reservoir capacity and are the main cause of flash floods in urban areas of the country. 122

Foresight Initiative F20O5R0ESIGHTIn envisioning the features of the Local Science & Global Annual ReportMalaysian society that aspires for the Technologynation to be by 2050, ASM initiatied Contribution of 4 selected Economics 5 Disruptive technologies identifiedthe Foresight initiative. Realising the S&T sectors to GDP worth & Finance – Mobile Internet, Big Data, Internetcomplexity of the future which cuts RM503.4 billion by 2020 andacross many different sectors and the is expected to rise of Things (IoT), Automation ofeffects of globalisation, ASM in Knowledge Work, Cloud storagecollaboration with myForesight Malaysia a high wage economyInstitute, MIGHT initiated the China to be the largestMalaysia Foresight Alliance. This is economy in the world followeda strategic partnership between ASM,UM Economic and Finance Group, by India, US falls to thirdInstitute of ISIS and Institute ofIntegrity Malaysia (IIM) to conduct a Malaysians aged 60 years and Society & Global population is expected toforesight exercise in S&T, Economics above is projected to exceed Culture increase by 38% to 9.7 billionand Finance, Geopolitics and Society those aged 14 years and belowand Culture respectively. The foresightidentifies global mega trends and risksthat would impact Malaysia.Appropriate training was providedto the foresight alliance members.Equipped with the techniques offoresighting, members conductedtheir respective foresight exercisethrough literature reviews andengaging stakeholders from public,private and academia. The ability of Malaysia to secure strategic national resource such Geopolitics Climate change and resource scarcity as energy, water and land will are two global mega trends that carry geopolitical implications determine its capability to drive its economy against the escalation of sustainability challenges in the region 123

ASM Transboundary Haze This would call for collaboration among all stakeholders at all levels of organisation Transboundary haze was first reported in including ministries, government agencies, Southeast Asia in 1972. What once was an IHLs, GRIs, NGOs and industrial players to occasional and local glitch has now turned come up with a solution based position paper into a regional and global imbroglio of documenting all the necessary lines of action huge proportion and becoming an inter- required to address the root causes. generational problem. Since the source of the problem is not limited to within ASM could leverage on its national, regional Malaysian boundary, the expected response and international networks to firm up the would require not only science diplomacy but findings of this study inter alia through the also techno-economic action on the ground. scientific platforms of NetASA.Annual Report While the understanding of the haze episode would certainly call for the necessary knowledge virtually in all science disciplines, the said solutions to the problem would have to be found in the following four aspects of governmental and inter-governmental intervention: i. Legal-Policy Framework ii. Institutional Arrangements iii. Finance iv. Technology A study is being conducted by ASM focusing on three main areas namely; i. Air Quality and Haze Episode ii. Peat Area and Water Management iii. Waste to Resource: Energy or Materials 124

Cyber Security Annual Report‘Malaysia is keen to beef upcyber security enforcement to curbthe influence of online terrorism’YB Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid HamidiDeputy Prime MinisterThere is an urgent need to protect ourcyberspace and infrastructure as globaleconomic prosperity in the 21st century willdepend on cyber security. Cyber security isnot only an ICT issue; it is also a nationalissue where it posed a great threat to nationalsecurity. Other than threats within the country,cyber threats could also affect diplomaticrelationships with other countries. Incountering the threat of attack, informationassets and systems has emerged as a keypriority for governments and the privatesector worldwide.Cyber security is thus formally defined asprotection from technology-enabledcrimes that are capable of underminingthe privacy, availability or reliability of anorganisation’s IT resources. The mainobjective of cyber security is to detercyber-attacks before they take place.In this context, ASM through the Task Forceon Cyber Security is producing an AdvisoryReport on Cyber Security to be forwardedto three (3) main stakeholders which areMajlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN),MOSTI and MOE. 125

Annual Report Empowering the Scientific Community ASM empowers the scientific community through its STI Programmes channeled through four major platforms which are capacity-building, science consortium, global linkage gateway and consultative fora. These channels are targeted to facilitate the elements of recognition, talent and alliance in the STI landscape. 126

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Annual Report Enhancing STI Capacity ASM Workshop on Wealth Creation through Research Commercialisation ASM is committed in promoting the advancement of talent, for both As most researchers were hardly exposed to the management and technical skills for the strategic initiative needed in taking their ideas to science-based institutions to achieve market, it is crucial to forge a synergy between world-class status. We provide a wide range researchers and industry players in reaching this of professional management training and vision. This workshop prepares the participants consultancy programme which aims to satisfy for a successful business venture to address issues client’s requirements and needs. We envision such as the gaps between Small Medium in delivering sustainable human capital for Enterprises (SMEs) and researchers, lack of the future. Hence, in 2015, ASM organised information and exposure to SMEs on R&D the following programmes: products. Technical Writing for Research and Publications STI Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Participants were taught on how to write articles for thesis and journals and how to improve the The course was organised to provide sufficient chances of a manuscript being accepted for theoretical insights among OIC countries on publication. This workshop covers the essential current trends in science and innovation points in writing the major sections of a scientific management including: paper. • National Innovation System How to Write a Winning Research Proposal? • Science awareness • R&D commercialisation More researchers and academics are now expected • Technology transfer to write proposals and apply for funding to • Public-industry linkages conduct research. This workshop covers the • Techno-entrepreneurship essence in writing various sections of a research proposal for research fund application. Participants were able to enhance their skills on sound research management practices as well as establishing joint research collaboration. factsheet 31 participants (Higher Education Institute) 27 participants (Research Organisation) 4 participants (Government Agencies) 1 participant (Private Company) 14 international participants 128

Particle Physics - An Enriching Grasping Global Issues through factsheet Annual ReportExperience Systems Analysis Dr Tan Sie Ting (UTM) was selectedThe CERN Summer Student Program (CSSP) Malaysia sits in the Council of IIASA since to attend the YSSP 2015 under theoffers undergraduate students eight weeks 2011 and is part of the 23 countries charting Ecosystem Services andopportunity to work with research teams IIASA’s research and programmes. Through Management Programme (ESM).participating in theoretical and experimental IIASA, ASM can get a global perspectiveparticle physics and computing at CERN in on issues pertaining to climate change, 6 Malaysian young scientistsGeneva, Switzerland. Students from the water-energy-food nexus as well asfields of physics, computing and engineering poverty-equity. These issues are cascaded have attended the programmeare selected through a stringent selection by ASM at national level through formulation since 2011.exercise, and nominated by ASM. of policies and action plan for Malaysia.Participants gain an enriching working IIASA has 23 national members.experience in a multidisciplinary and A lack of expertise in the field of systems representing 71% of themulticultural environment which extends analysis is a challenge at the moment. ASM world’s economies and 63% ofinvaluable networking opportunity. encourages young scientists to participate in the Young Scientists Summer Programme the world’s population. factsheet (YSSP) to conduct independent research under the direct supervision of experienced Malaysia is represented by ASM 3 out of 30 applicants IIASA scientists in an interdisciplinary and as one of the National Member international research environment. OrganiSations (NMO) of IIASA were selected to participate in since 2011. the CSSP 2015. in brief • Nurzulaiha Jomhari, UM • International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • Muhammad Khairul Adib (IIASA) is an international scientific institute that conducts policy‑oriented research which tackles Muhammad Yusof, UPM global problems like climate change, water-energy- • Wong Wei Wen, MMU food nexus as well as poverty-equity that are too complex to be solved by a single country. 12 Malaysian students have • Systems analysis approaches are used by scientists participated in the CERN Summer to explore multiple complex global systems and Student Program since 2012. most significantly the ways in which they interact. It is used to integrate problem formulation and an 280 students from 83 nations interdisciplinary approach to find solutions. participated. 129

Annual Report Up Close and Personal Shaping Future Global with Nobel Laureates Health Leaders factsheet This year, young scientists from all over the Effective healthcare institutions need effective 5 out of 39 Malaysian young world converged in Lindau, Germany to meet leaders. The issue of developing leadership Nobel Laureates from the fields of Physics, qualities among health professionals, scientists were selected to Physiology and Medicine and Chemistry. This however, is often neglected, with many young participate in the 65th inter-generational dialogue offers an professionals having to learn their leadership Lindau Meeting. excellent avenue to develop our young skills almost by trial and error as they are scientists by providing them an opportunity handed positions of responsibility. 65 Nobel Laureates to interact with Nobel Laureates and scientific peers from around the world in a personal As one of the member academies under congregated in Lindau for setting. Delegates at the Lindau Meetings IAMP, ASM provided an opportunity for the 65th Lindau Meeting. are chosen from among the best in academic young physicians with great leadership skills institutions and foundations in their respective and prominent contributions to society to 620 participants from 80 countries. ASM has been entrusted by Lindau attend a three-part programme that includes: Council as nominating partner for Malaysia. countries participated in the • a leadership development programme 65th Lindau Meeting. The Young Scientists Network may leverage • an academic visit to health research on the network and linkages established by 54 Malaysian Young Scientists the delegates during the Lindau Meeting. This laboratories in Germany includes attachments to centres of excellence • participation as special guests in the have participated in and knowledge transfer. Lindau Meetings. events of the World Health Summit in brief factsheet • The 65th Lindau Meeting (28 June - 3 July 2015) Dr Helmy Haja Mydin (UMMC) featured four days of plenary lectures, young was selected to attend the scientist discussions, master classes and three panel 2015 IAMP YPL from discussions on “The Quest for Interdisciplinarity: 10 - 13 October 2015 Inspiration or Distraction?”, “Communication Overkill?” and “Science Education”. 7 participants had attended • Professor Dr Noorsaadah Abd Rahman FASc led the IAMP YPL since 2011 the Malaysian delegation which also includes Dr Chin Kok Yong (UKM), Dr Haslina Ahmad (UPM), Dr Amirah Abdul Latif (UPM), Dr Liew Peng Yen (UTM) and Dr Oon Chern Ein (INFORMM-USM). 130

During the summit, members of the M8 Futures Thinking and ScenarioAlliance made a declaration to call for action Planningon five key areas of global health: To achieve ASM’s vision of Smart i. The health of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons Communities 2050, an inaugural effort was ii. Global health security, sustainability made to conduct a foresight exercise through and solidarity the Envisioning Malaysia 2050 Foresight iii. Universal health coverage iv. Climate change and health Initiative. Hence, to ensure the success of this v. Digital health project, training was an essential step in the in brief process. The first half of the year saw several • M8 Alliance consists of 23 members from 16 countries ranging from Academic Health Centres, trainings and workshops for the members Universities and National Academies with the aims to improve global health by promoting a of the ASM Foresight Alliance to familiarise collaborative network of academic institutions. and comprehend the techniques involved in futures thinking and foresighting. ‘Teach a man to fish, Annual Report feed him for a lifetime’ The workshop aimed to equip participants on various appropriate futures study methodological tools that would enhance their effectiveness in long range planning to Envision Malaysia in 2050. Furthermore, during the workshop, participants were asked to develop forecasts, emerging issues, scenarios, preferred visions and backcasts with respect to changing societal values. 131

Annual Report Science Challenge factsheet As part of ASM’s initiative in grooming young 2015 NSC talent in science, a national level science competition is conducted annually. National Preliminary Level Science Challenge (NSC) is designed to promote understanding, awareness and 3068 teams appreciation of SET among secondary school students. The Grand Prize includes the Prime State Level Minister’s Challenge Trophy, a study visit to Stockholm and witnessing the Nobel Prize 80 teams Ceremony. This year for the first time, the runners-up had the opportunity to visit Japan Semi Final for a week sponsored by the JST. 16 teams The 2015 NSC was a collaborative effort between ExxonMobil Subsidiaries in Grand Final Malaysia, MOE, Majlis Amanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA), JST, YSN-ASM, UPM, 4 best teams UKM and UiTM. Grand Prize Winner: SMJK Perempuan China Pulau Pinang K6e8da1h 1Pe9rl5is K1ela3n2tan 81WP Labuan 4Sa2ba0h Ter8en3gg4anu Pu1la,u1P7in0ang P4ah7a4ng 1P,1er1ak3 S8ar1aw0ak 75WP Putrajaya M3a8lac7ca 8Jo8ho5r A total of 9204 students Se7la3ng5or participated in the 2015 NSC 888Negeri Sembilan preliminary level from all over Malaysia 132

Nurturing Young SET Talent factsheetEngineers from industries and academics Science and Innovation Carnivalcollaborated to organise SET career awareness 19 Aug 2015 at MRSM Kepala Batas,programmes for Northern region secondary Pulau Pinangschool students. It was an opportunity forstudents to gain exposure and career guidance 500 northern region studentsaligned with industrial needs in the field of SET.Indirectly, this will help instil interest among the Annual Reportyoung generation to embark on a career in SET.Two programmes were organised by USM andsupported by ASM Northern Region Chapterin collaboration with government agencies andindustries:• The ‘Science and Innovation Carnival’ is a one day programme that focused on products showcased by company and students, mentoring session, hands-on workshop and networking with industry professionals. Students are able to further develop technical and soft skills through hands-on experience, apart from getting exposure of working life.• The Youth Industry Bootcamp is an intensive programme to develop student’s soft skills and encourage them to think beyond the classroom. It also helps them to analytically and creatively apply the knowledge in SET.Sciencebuzz.my promotes interest and factsheetappreciation of science by presentinginformation in a digestible and understandable Youth Industry Bootcampform. The portal, with local-centred content, 22-25 Nov 2015 at USM,targets youths aged 13-40 years featuring Pulau Pinangthematic articles, interactive chatting withscientists, quizzes and competitions. 133 Form 1 - 4 students 133

Awards and research grants is one of the key ASM is acknowledged as an authority body boosting factors for excellence among the to provide independent review, evaluation scientific community which signifies and recommendation on STI-related awards outstanding achievements of scientists, and grants based on merit. Various awarding researchers and technologists. This enables bodies draw upon the expertise of Fellows to Malaysia to be strategically positioned in the serve as panel in evaluation and monitoring global scientific arena. committees.Annual Report Mahathir Science Award MAKNA Cancer Research Award by Mahathir Science Award Foundation (MSAF) by National Cancer Council (MAKNA) Recognises remarkable significant research and Awarded to young Malaysian researchers with studies contributing to new knowledge in solving an excellent track record to make beneficial problems in tropics that demonstrate evidence contribution to cancer research. The award aims of significant socio-economic impact as well as to promote cancer research among young contribution to policy and governance leading to scientists as well as to increase Malaysia’s sustainable improvement to quality of life in the participation in finding cure for cancer. field of Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Medicine, Tropical Natural Resources and Tropical • 3 awarded with total grant worth RM 89,835 (2015) Architecture and Engineering. • 422 applications received (2001 – 2015) • 44 awarded to date (total grant worth RM1,444,835) • 179 nominations received (2005 – 2015) • 8 awardees to date (total prize worth RM 1,200,000) National Young Scientists Award National Technologists Award by MOSTI by MOSTI This award recognises young Malaysian scientists Recognises technologists and semi-professional’s, for their contribution and achievement in R&D. such as technicians and laboratory assistants, for their contribution and achievement in the field of • 138 nominations received (2012-2015) S&T. • 4 awardees to date • 34 nominations received (2012-2015) • 4 awardees to date 134

In addition, ASM also acts as nominating Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh Medical Annual Reportinstitution for several awards. This year, ASM Research Trust Fund Programmehas nominated outstanding Malaysian for the factsheetfollowing international awards: The late Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh 34 applications for the bequeathed his entire estate to the2016 Abel Prize Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh Endowment RBS Research Grantby Norwegian Academy of Science Funds. Among many funds, Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh Medical Research Trust 8 applications forRecognises outstanding scientific work in the Fund was established in 1982 with MOSTIfield of mathematics, including mathematical as its custodian. The Trust Fund aims to: RBS Grant for Research Workshopaspects of computer science, mathematicalphysics, probability, numerical analysis, scientific • Promote the education of the poorcomputing, statistics, and also applications of and needy, irrespective of race, colourmathematics in the sciences. and religion.2016 Tang Prize in Sustainable Development • Promote medical and bio-medicalby Tang Prize Foundation research in Malaysia.Recognises those who have made extraordinary Beginning 1999 ASM on behalf of MOSTIcontributions to the sustainable development organises activities under the Trust Fund.of human societies, especially through The current programmes are:groundbreaking innovations in S&T. RBS Research Grant2016 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science RBS Research Grant is an annual programmeby Tang Prize Foundation awarded to one young Malaysian scientist to undertake medical or biomedical research.Recognises original biopharmaceutical orbiomedical research that has led to significant RBS Grant for Research Workshopadvances towards preventing, diagnosing and/ RBS Research Workshop Grant is a biennialor treating major human diseases to improve programme awarded to one Malaysianhuman health. scientist or institution to conduct a workshop to introduce a new research technique or enhance research technologies in the medical or biomedical fields. 135

Annual Report Newton-Ungku Omar Fund (NUOF) 2) Programmes with Royal Society, British Academy and Royal Academy of Engineering factsheet Newton-Ungku Omar Fund (NUOF) is a collaboration programme between the a) Advanced Fellowships Research Link Government of United Kingdom (UK) Provide established international researchers (Workshop Grant) and Malaysia to develop collaboration on with an opportunity to develop the research Grants up to £125,000/ year. research and innovation. Jointly established strengths and capabilities of their research to address socio-economic issues in Malaysia group through training, collaboration and A total of 22 applications NUOF is expected to deliver outcomes reciprocal visits with a partner in the UK. through the Science to Action (S2A), an received in the first call initiative undertaken by the Malaysian factsheet Government to enable sustainable growth A total of 9 applications beyond 2020. Newton Advanced Fellowship for Natural Sciences received in the second call. NUOF covers activities ranging from growing Grant up to £37,000/ year. capacities of the Malaysian science and 6 recipients innovation community through fellowships, 9 applications exchange of expertise and institutional links; 4 recipients (3 funded by Malaysian Government forging research collaborations on and 3 by UK Government). development topics; and establishing (jointly funded by both Governments) innovation partners and challenge funds to develop innovative solutions on development Newton Advanced Fellowship topics. for Social Sciences & Humanities Grant up to £37,000/ year. As one of the local delivery partners for the programme, ASM manages and implements 7 applications programmes as follows: 4 recipients 1) Programme with British Council (jointly funded by both Governments) a) Researcher Links (Workshop Grants) Programme to stimulate initial links between, b) Mobility Grants and support capacity-building among early Help strengthen the research and innovation career researchers in Malaysia and the UK. capacity of researchers from Malaysia by assisting them in visiting or sending staff and students to the UK. The initiative helps to develop networks, and partnership in research projects with their UK hosts, counterparts and the wider UK research and innovation community. 136

factsheet Application of Flagship Programmes, Annual Report Special Allocation for Agencies and Newton Mobility Grant ScienceFund through ASM Platform for Social Sciences & Humanities Grant up to £10,000/ year. ASM as an agency under MOSTI is eligible to apply for research funding available. 9 applications Therefore, ASM strategises to submit 3 recipients research proposals which are of national importance and adopts a collaborative (jointly funded by both Governments) concept similar to that of a consortium. Newton Mobility Grant for Natural factsheet Sciences Grant up to £12,000/ year. ASM received funding for 3 research projects to be 15 applications carried out by Fellows. 3 recipients DSTIN Flagship Programme - 1 on-going project - (jointly funded by both Governments) Moving up the Value Chain and Environmentally Friendly Processes in Silicon Photovoltaic Technology: Newton Mobility Grant for Engineering Non-toxic Processes, Wafering and Crystal Growth Grant up to £24,000/ year. MOSTI Flagship Programme - 1 on-going project - 15 applications Development of Yeast System for Flavonoid Production 3 recipients ScienceFund Project - 1 on-going project - Time (jointly funded by both Governments) Dependent Changes of Morphology and Molecular Characterization around the Intracerebellar3) Programme with Medical Research Haemorrhage (ICbH) Penumbra in C57B6/J Council UK Mice Brain Slices. a) UK-Malaysia Bilateral Medical and Health Research Collaboration ASM was also appointed by MOSTI as the Project Support Malaysian-UK research Monitoring Team (PMT) to monitor the implementation collaborations in Medical and Health of approved R&D projects under the 10th MP. ASM Sciences. Fellows served as members of PMT. A total of 19 project-monitoring meetings have been conducted for the following approved projects: • 3 Flagship projects • 12 TechnoFund projects • 4 Community Innovation Fund projects 137

Recognising our Scientific MindsAnnual Report One of the main pillars to have an TRSM is also a recognition given to Malaysian innovation-led economy is talent. In order research scientists in an effort to build a to have a good whole spectrum of talent in culture of excellence among Malaysian Malaysia, a database is needed to gauge our scientific fraternity. Each year, research strength and gaps. scientists with outstanding contribution for the last five years in respective fields are The Top Research Scientists Malaysia (TRSM) recognised by ASM as TRSM. database enables research priority areas for Malaysia to be charted and human capital ASM taps their knowledge and expertise development to be planned within these through existing platform of ASM such as areas. A regularly updated database will be studies and technical evaluations of research useful to be a centralised point of reference grants. of active researchers in Malaysia. Hence strong research teams can be developed to in brief drive impactful research that could benefit the nation. • Since 2012, scientific community in Malaysia are invited to populate the TRSM database. • Applications will go through a stringent selection process through a standardised selection criteria and scoring mechanism. The main criteria are as below: • Knowledge generation • Knowledge dissemination • Impact of research output 138

TRSM Recipients by Area of Expertise 2012-2015 12% 3% 7% 13% 1% 11% Annual Report 3% 2% 7% 8% 25% 8%Agricultural Applied Sciences Biological Biotechnology Chemical Earth Economics, Engineering EnviromentalSciences & Technologies Sciences Sciences Sciences Business Sciences Sciences & ManagementForestry Humanities Information, Computer Marine Material Mathematical Medical & Physical SocialSciences & Communication Sciences Sciences Sciences Health Sciences Sciences Sciences Technology 139

Annual Report YSN-ASM YSN-ASM Outreach Programmes The Young Scientists Network – Academy of • Back 2 School Programme Sciences Malaysia (YSN-ASM) is an avenue to YSN-ASM members visited several schools bring together outstanding Malaysian young and gave students first-hand experience scientists to a common consultative platform on science experiment. The activities that facilitates: include motivational talks on the importance of science and conduct i. Networking and collaboration hands-on experiments related to topics opportunities; such as rocketry, magnets, polymers, etc. ii. Exchange of STI knowledge and views • Varsity Visits to influence policy decisions for nation YSN-ASM members provided extensive building; information on tertiary education and organised Youth Science Camp. They iii. Consolidate representation of the voice collaborated with ASPER and the Faculty of young scientists on STI matters of of Science, UPM. national and international significance; The YSN-ASM had conducted three activities iv. Creation of a pool of highly talented and for the benefit of Malaysian youths: motivated young scientists that can interact, coordinate and implement • Creative Science Writing Competition 2015 relevant programmes to contribute for undergraduates from public and private towards the enhancement of STI capacity universities. “Climate Change” was chosen and capability in Malaysia. as the theme. factsheet • Scientific Children Easy-Read Books is aimed at cultivating pre-school children 52 YSN-ASM members to date on creative thinking and promoting 3 Honorary YSN-ASM members interest in science. These books are made 11 Medical and Health Sciences available online via sciencebuzz.my. 7 Chemical Sciences members 8 Biological, Agricultural and • ScienceToon Contest was aimed at inculcating interest in science among Environmental Sciences members secondary school students through visuals. “Nobel Laureate Saves the Day” 5 Mathematics, Physics & Earth Sciences members was the theme chosen. 26 Engineering and Computer Sciences members 140

Empowering Malaysia Young Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) factsheet Annual ReportScientists Programme• Workshop on Empowering Young Scientists There is a great need to create an awareness 18 - 19 October, UMT of Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) This workshop was conducted for Malaysian among the intellectual community in Malaysia 23 participants from young scientists to understand the new to ensure that research is conducted in a national education blueprint and to responsible and ethical manner. UMT, USM, and UniSZA highlight challenges faced by young scientists. The adverse impact of irresponsible conduct 26 - 27 November, USM of research is not only limited to time and• YSN-ASM & EURAXESS Workshop on financial costs but also the reputation of the 19 participants from USM “Advancing Your Research Career in scientific community and the country as a Europe: Science Communication Workshop” whole. Therefore, three workshops were and UniMAP This workshop is a joint initiative between conducted as an Introductory Workshop to EURAXESS Links ASEAN and YSN-ASM, the YSN-ASM’s RCR Programme, from Oct 20 - 21 December, UTM with the aim to advance the research to Dec 2015. The objectives of these careers of Malaysian researchers with workshops are: 21 participants from UTM European partners. • To introduce the principles and elements and UiTM Pasir Gudang• 2015 YSN-ASM Colloquium themed of RCR “Make an IMPACT!” 11 facilitators from This colloquium is a platform for the • To discuss the concept of evidence-based YSN-ASM current and new members as active learning techniques YSN-ASM and lecturers well as YSN-ASM affiliates, to strengthen from the host universities their network and channel constructive • To identify the way forward to establish ideas towards shaping the future of a sustainable RCR programme YSN-ASM. Four main RCR topics were discussed at these factsheet workshops which are: Research Misconduct, Authorship, Dual-use Research of Concern, Workshop on Empowering Young Scientists and Collaborative Science. In addition, the by Brendon Tagg, Professor Dr Geoffrey concepts of active learning were introduced Cordell and Professor Dr Nagarjun Konduru. and the way forward to implement RCR programme was also discussed. 100 participants The EURAXESS Workshop by Dr Sanna Fowler. 45 participants 141

Annual Report ICSU Regional Office for Asia and Scientists from the Research Centre for The Pacific Environmental Changes, Taipei Academy of Sciences secured funding from the Ministry ICSU ROAP focus on on implementing the of S&T, Taipei, China to undertake the pilot Sustainability Initiative in the Marginal Seas project developed through the ICSU ROAP of South and East Asia (SIMSEA), a regional sponsored work in its priority area on urban Future Earth research programme initiated health and well-being entitled Planning Green in 2014. A programme office of SIMSEA was Transportation for Better Urban Health under established with the support of ICSU ROAP Climate Change. The grant will enable several at the Marine Science Institute, University of teams of researchers from the Centre and Philippines. National SIMSEA research pro- elsewhere to collaboratively use the systems grammes are being actively developed in approach in research that enables better Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines. planning and management of urban health and well-being in Taipei. Use of the approach The highlight of ICSU ROAP’s work in hazards in urban health research in Asia was and disasters was the 4th International pioneered in workshops organised by ICSU Workshop on Psychological Intervention after ROAP. Disasters (PIAD) held in Taipei in Nov. The Steering Group on Natural Hazards and Risk ICSU ROAP is hosted by ASM on (SGNHR) actively promoted the scientific behalf of the Malaysian Government. study of natural hazards and risk in the Asia-Pacific region. The Chair of SGNHR The review of ICSU ROAP was a major represented ICSU ROAP and the Steering activity in 2015. The Review Panel was Group at the United Nations 3rd World positive of ROAP’s work over the past five Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in years and found it to be extremely effective Sendai, Japan. despite its limited financial and human resources. A clear recommendation is to SGNHR obtained USD27,000 from Zayed maintain the office with its current staff, as University and USD11,000 from the National the work undertaken is exemplary not only in University of Singapore for a 2-year project the Pacific region, but it is also unique within entitled “Determining Modern Risks of ICSU. The Review Panel acknowledged that High-energy Coastal Hazards in the Gulf of the strong network fostered by ICSU ROAP Thailand from Coarse Clastic Carbonate benefits international science and the visibility Sediments”. SGNHR continues to identify of regional science. opportunities for research funding and agencies that can support ICSU ROAP’s initiative. 142

International Science, Technology factsheet Annual Reportand Innovation Centre forSouth-South Cooperation (ISTIC) ISTIC is a UNESCO category II Centre with 64 strategic networksThe International Science, Technology and with local and international organisations. This year, ISTIC hasInnovation Centre for South-SouthCooperation (ISTIC) aims to provide training collaborated with 17 organisations as follows:for scientists, technologists and innovatorsand STI policy-makers from countries in the • MOSTISouth both short and long-term. This would • Ministry of Women, Family and Community Developmentinclude fellowships, training courses andworkshops incorporating both specialised (MWFCD)and project-oriented training; • NAM Institute for the Empowerment of Women(NIEW) • Islamic Development Bank(IDB)In 2015, ISTIC implemented 10 capacity- • Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)building programmes both in Malaysia and in • The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)other countries, benefiting 409 participants • Malaysian Highway Authority (MHA)from 57 countries in Asia and the Pacific, Arab • Institute of Teachers Education Malaysia (IPGM)States, Africa, Latin America & Caribbean, • Ministry of Education and Culture IndonesiaNorth America and Europe. It covered 56 • SEAMEO QITEP in Science (SEAQIS)countries out of 134 G77 members’ countries. • Malaysian Permanent Delegation to UNESCO • UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific,ISTIC also organised the ISTIC-UNESCOInternational Conference/ Forum/Seminar on JakartaUN Post-2015 Development Agenda which • Federation of Engineering Institutions of Asia and theinvolved a compendium of events coveringWomen in STI, STEM Education, Engineering, Pacific (FEIAP)and UNESCO category II centres in the Asia • InterAcademy Partnership Science Education Programmeand Pacific Regions. (IAP SEP) • Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI UKM) • ASM • Korea Institute for S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP)This year, ISTIC continued translating ISTIC is hosted by ASM on behalf of the Malaysian Government.resource materials for IBSE from French toEnglish in collaboration with La main a la pateFoundation and published the book“When the Earth Rumbles”, the Englishversion of “Quand la terre gronde”. 143

Mahathir Science Award Foundation (MSAF) Championing Tropical Science The Mahathir Science Award (MSA) was an activity of ASM since 2004. In 2010, Mahathir Science Award Foundation (MSAF) was established to manage and administer the award.Annual Report The Foundation aims to raise awareness, in brief position the award globally and to recognise contributions and innovations towards solving problems in the tropics through S&T. MSAF recognises researchers who have contributed cutting edge tropical research that has impact on the well-being of the society. In championing tropical science, MSAF MSA Lecture Series entitled “A Career in Research carries out various activities including MSA and Its impact on Society” was delivered by Professor Laureate Week and MSA Lecture Series. The Foundation welcomes strategic Alan Cowman, Winner of the Mahathir Science Award partnership and support from corporate and government sectors. 2013 on 4 Mar 2015. 144

The Award Shortlisting 2005 – 2015 2013Selection Exercise by 179 nominations Professor Alan CowmanProcess MSAF Search from 25 countries Committee 2012 Call for Assessment Professor Dr James M. Kelly Nomination by International Annual Report Advisory Panel 2011 by MSAF Professor Yuan Longping Final Evaluation by ASM Steering 2009 Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Committee 2008 Professor Dr Gurdev Singh Khush 2007 Professor Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris 2006 Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 2005 Professor John Sheppard Mackenzie 8 Awardees till date with total prize of RM1,200,000 Assessment Award and Ceremony by MSAF shortlisting by ASM Prize: USD 100,000 ASM ASM Joint Gold medal Steering Technical Announcement Certificate Committee Evaluation of Winner by Committee MSAF & ASM Voting by ASM Fellows 145

Annual Report Network of ASEAN Science Academies: in brief A Collective Voice for ASEAN Science Community • The Network of ASEAN Science Academies (NetASA) was officially launched on 31 Oct 2015 in During the 12th ASEAN Summit in 2007, it was decided that the ASEAN Kuala Lumpur by YB Minister MOSTI. community shall be established based on three pillars, namely: • The eight members are i political and security community • Royal Academy of Cambodia (RAC) ii economic community • Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) iii socio-cultural community • Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) • Myanmar Academy of Technology (MAT) The ASEAN socio-cultural community’s special focus is establishing networks of STI • National Academy of Science and Technology centres of excellence and enhancing the utilisation of existing STI networks. Within Philippines (NAST-PHL) this context, the Network of ASEAN Science Academies (NetASA) was proposed. • Singapore National Academy of Science (SNAS) • Thailand Academy of Science and Technology NetASA aims to provide credible advice for policy formulation towards (TAST) economic, social and cultural development. It brings together eight ASEAN • Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology science academies to discuss on scientific challenges of common concern and (VAST) make statements on major issues relevant to ASEAN. Through NetASA’s network activities, the member academies will get a strong mutual support in contributing • Proposed working areas: to STI advancement in all ASEAN countries as well as to be heard and visible Food Security, Science Enculturation / by the decision makers of their country and worldwide. Communication, Climate Change, Water, Health and Sustainable Development. 146

Alliance with the Japan Annual ReportA strategic partnership was initiated in2014 between ASM and JST followedby the signing of a Memorandum ofCooperation (MoC) in 2015. The MoCaims to strengthen cooperation betweenMalaysia and Japan in science educationand science communication. Thememorandum may promote activitiesin said fields of mutual interests.The finalists of the NSC are given anopportunity to participate in the ‘SAKURAExchange Program in Science’. Thisprogramme aims to encourage exchangesbetween the youths of Asia and Japan whowill play a crucial role in STI. This is achievedthrough the close collaboration betweenindustry-academia-government by facilitatingshort-term visits of competent Asian youthsto Japan. This programme also aims to raisethe interest of Asian youths towards STIdevelopment at Japanese universities,research institutions and private companies.Apart from high school students, the SAKURAprogramme had also granted ASM’s proposalin sending Malaysian young scientists toJapan. The objective of the visit is to promoteinternational research collaboration in areasof interests that will benefit both Malaysia andJapan. JST and ASM will also explore talentexchange activities, which will enable youngscientists to share and learn from each otherin the field of science communication. 147

Annual Report Science Consortium National Centre for Particle Physics (NCPP) Pooling and sharing of resources among National Centre for Particle Physics (NCPP) universities and research institutes are hosted at UM has spearheaded particle the way forward for Malaysia to optimise physics research in Malaysia with its resources for greater impact. A research participation in the Compact Muon consortium would be able to befit this Solenoid (CMS) Research Group at CERN purpose. ASM champions science in 2013. Throughout its two years consortium as an umbrella for mutual establishment, NCPP champions local STI collaboration in STI strategic areas for talent development and transfer of inter-institutional and international technology in particle physics through its scientific exchanges. collaboration with CERN, DESY (Deutsch Elektronen-Synchrotron) in German, KEK These national centres are hosted by the (High Energy Accelerator Research identified local institutions which are Organization) in Japan and COMET responsible to coordinate national research experiment in Osaka University, Japan. initiatives. ASM plays a vital role to link this consortium with strategic international in brief partners that will enable Malaysians to be involved in global mega projects in the Programmes frontier of science. This provides due • National School on Particle Physics 2015, international recognition to our researchers. 10 – 12 Feb 2015 at UM in brief • CMS Tier-2 Preparation Workshop, • Enhancing the local capacity and capability in 25 – 26 Mar 2015 at UM rainforest research is crucial. In addressing this • NCPP Seminar on Introduction to ADF/ CFT by pressing issue, ASM is working closely with the Yayasan Sabah since 2014 to formulate and develop Dr Ardian Atmaja,11 May 2015 at NCPP a suitable research and training model as well as • Zarah dan Daya 2015, 28 - 30 Sep 2015 at programmes for Imbak Canyon conservation area namely, Imbak Canyon Rainforest Research and Sailor’s Rest, Janda Baik, Pahang Training Programme (ICRRTP). • Workshop on Tracking, 6 Oct 2015 at NCPP • Visit by the chairs of newly established Joint Steering • ASM is in the midst of establishing another three national centres namely National Centres for Committee of NCPP, 15 Dec 2015 Materials Science, Scientific Enterprise & Quran, • Weekly classes on Introduction to Particle Physics, and STI Policy. Theory on Quantum (Medan), Data Statistic and Analysis, and Modelling at NCPP • Monthly talk on ‘Bicara Alam’ by Ustaz Mashudi Mahyuti at NCPP • Weekly session on ‘Seni Selasa’ at NCPP • Fiesta Fizik Kanak-Kanak 2015, 31 Oct - 2 Nov 2015 at Dataran Merdeka KL • Campus Loco Motion, 5 Dec 2015 at PETAK, Wangsa Maju 148

Malaysia Institute for Innovative Annual ReportNanotechnology (NanoMITe)The Malaysia Institute for InnovativeNanotechnology (NanoMITe) champions localhigh impact research in different domains ofnanotechnology towards providing solutionsto the local problems and contribute to thecountry’s Gross National Income (GNI).More than 100 researchers are working closelywith top Malaysian scientists in five researchprogrammes as follows: i. Energy ii. Wellness, Medical and Healthcare iii. Food and Agriculture iv. Electronics, Devices and Systems v. EnvironmentThey collaborate with experts from theworld-renowned institutions for 19 researchprojects within a 5-year duration (2015-2020).These research projects are funded by MOHE. in brief • NanoMITe launched on 13 April 2015 • 5 NanoMITe Research Programmes: 1. Energy led by Professor Datuk Dr Halimaton Hamdan FASc (UTM) 2. Wellness, Medical & Healthcare led Professor Dr Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim (UM) 3. Food & Agriculture led Professor Nor Azah Yusof (UPM) 4. Electronics, Devices & Systems led Professor Dato’ Dr Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis FASc (UKM) 5. Environment led Professor Dr Abdul Rahman Mohamed FASc (USM) 149