GEMATMW Magazine

NUMBER CRUNCH EARLY SAVINGS DANCE THE CHA-CHA Realize the importance of early Discover and understand the voting investments such as starting methods and process through proposing bank accounts. and ratifying the Constitution. WE SEE MATH In patterns; we see math not in numbers but in our surroundings. 17 APRIL 2023 ISSUE #01

NUMBER CRUNCH CONTENTS FINANCE AND BUSINESS SECTION 02 FINANCIAL LITERACY Saving early and investments is an important towards achieving financial freedom. To further show, simple mathematical computations will be done. 05 BUSINESS CASE - A TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM A company in the Metro sought to decrease and allocate costs in the most optimal way without sacrificing supply and demand. SOCIETY AND ARTS SECTION 06 CON-ASS 02 FINANCIAL LITERACY : Recent events showed the willingness of EARLY SAVINGS AND Congress to make revisions or INVESTMENTS amendments towards the supreme law of the land, and it is imperative for people to understand the implications of the voting process and methods prescribed by law. 11 MATH IN ARTS AND NATURE We should not be constrained with math and numbers; rather, realize how math is almost omnipresent by simply looking at patterns on everyday clothes and in our surroundings. 06 CON-ASS 11 MATH IN ARTS AND NATURE 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 1

Saving Early FINANCIAL LITERACY & Investments The reasons to save and invest early Reduces Stress Compound Interest? Compound Interest It is not just a matter of how much money you are able to will grow your save and invest, but also how money long you do so. That is the requirements needed for you to Avoid Debt be able to grow your wealth. Time and a Big start. Compound interest is Setting up loved ones calculated on the original for the future principal and the accumulated interest therefore making your More time to save money grow faster and making a snowball-like effect. 17 April, 2023 Number Crunch | Page 2

Example 1 Example 2 Ana is going to initially Mina is saving up invest her 100,000 USD 250,000 USD which which will be will be compounded compounded monthly quarterly with an with an annual rate of annual rate of 5% for 4 7% for 3 years. years 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 3

Number Crunch Presents THE BUSINESS CASE A Transportation Problem The Background Shopee and Lazada have one thing in common: they utilize delivery hubs and warehouses for third-party distributors to deliver products. It has been an efficient and effective business model for mitigating logistics costs. Bilihan ng Konstruksyon is a business modeled similarly to an e-commerce platform such as Shopee and Lazada. Founded in 2021, the founders discovered the An Agreement demand for low-cost construction materials and tool deliveries. Bilihan ng Konstruksyon offers In 2022, Bilihan ng Konstruksyon underwent a construction materials and tools to consumers while contract with multiple sister companies, Ong maintaining speedy deliveries and low delivery Construction being the holding company of the costs. They utilized third-party distributors and corporation. It was agreed upon that each time a warehouses near crowded construction areas, which purchasing manager of a sister company are also near the company's main store. purchases any product. It should be delivered the same day; the cut-off shall be 3 PM; any other The process for purchasing is as follows: purchases shall be delivered the next day. 1) Consumer purchases product 2) Company delivers to the warehouse In the agreement, a stipulation contained that 3) Warehouse (owned by third-party distributors) Bilihan ng Konstruskyon shall manage the and will be delivered by the distributor to the allocation of costs, and once the company finds consumer the optimal solution, it shall be agreed upon. 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 4

The Issue What Must be Done Oliver, the Management Accountant of the business, You are the new logistics manager, and the company discovered that costs has significantly due to has assigned you to allocate the costs Using Linear gasoline prices and inflation in the country. The Programming. Specifically, a Transportation current costs and logistics are inapplicable. Oliver Problem. It is up to you to allocate the costs and present the most optimal solution, ergo, the lowest Yay or Nay?adjusted the costs by making estimates and factoring costs possible. in the increase in gasoline prices and inflation but needed help to optimize the costs properly. The Data: Supply Oliver utilized historical data on units bought and delivered to the warehouses. Warehouses A, B, and C supply 300, 280, and 90 units. Demand The estimated units to be purchased by the sister companies (Named X, Y, and Z) are 250, 220, and 200 Shipping Costs Shipping costs have been adjusted, and the costs provided are estimate based on a number of factors (inflation and gasoline prices), and shall be considered on a per unit basis. Shipping costs adjusted when Warehouse A delivers to X, Y, and Z are 20, 14 and 22. Shipping costs adjusted when Warehouse B delivers to X, Y, and Z are 20, 22, and 26. Shipping costs adjusted when Warehouse C delivers to X, Y, and Z are 24,18, and 24. Got all the answers? Message @karlriveraxd at Telegram to check whether you got the all answers correctly! 17 April, 2023 Number Crunch | Page 5

THE CHA-CHAYay or Nay? The Voting Process of a Constitutional Change By : Charter Change The law prescribes three Karl Mari Rivera processes to propose or With the recent proposal for a Primary Voting change in the charter change or introduce revisions or Method the change in the supreme law of the land, the 1987 Constitution of amendments. We have experienced and the Philippines, some people are participated in numerous unfamiliar with the term Con-Ass elections; from voting our associated with “charter change” classroom officers to voting our or “cha-cha,” “charter assembly” Constitutional assembly or con- national leaders. or “cha-ass.” Not to mention, ass occurs when the legislature or the entire Congress, all The Philippines uses the some people are still confused houses shall vote upon three- Plurality method, in most of with “referendums” and fourths of all its members our elections, where the most “plebiscites.” These processes have (meaning the Senate and the votes win the position. Out of the same intent but have different House of Representatives) shall all the voting methods uses. vote to propose amendments available, it is one of the and revisions to the easiest to process and operate. Voting for Cha- Constitution. Just like every other voting Cha method, it does not adhere to Con-Con some fairness criteria, such as the Condorcet Criterion, Cha-cha or charter change Constitutional convention or Independence of Irrelevant con-con is similar to the Alternatives, and is even formally known as Constitutional Assembly, where subject to strategic voting. instead of the whole members constitutional reform in the of the legislature proposing amendments, only a select few Philippines, means a delegates from different relevant sectors can propose constitutional revision or amendments and revisions. next page amendment in certain constitutional provisions. 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 6

cont. Con-con can be proposed a petition that contains through a two-thirds vote of all approval or rejects a law to be its members or by a majority passed by Congress or vote of all its Members, wherein ordinances enacted by the local it shall be submitted to the legislative bodies. electorate to question such Conversely, Plebiscites are the convention. This was the mode electoral process through which a proposal on an amendment or Yay or Nay?to propose constitutional constitutional change is voted upon. amendments, which were approved and voted upon last March 6, 2023. P.I The primary difference between Referendum and plebiscites is Not to be confused with the that plebiscites may be used to swear word, People’s Initiative, or ratify constitutional “P.I.,” is another mode of amendments and/or changes. In proposing constitutional contrast, referendums are amendments or revisions. As the primarily used in local and name suggests, it is the initiative national approval of ordinances by the people, which sought to and laws. make certain changes provisions OO or HINDI? in the Constitution People gather signatures of However, the similarity between registered voters. In a both voting processes is that it Constitutional Change, 12% of requires the questions (in place registered voters nationwide and of candidates in an election) to 3% of registered voters in every be closed-ended. It means the legislative district signatures are voter can only choose “Yes” or required to propose a amendment “Oo” or “No” or Hindi. or an amendment in the Constitution. In both Referendums and Plebiscites, the plurality method Plebiscites and is used in voting. As such, a Referendums “Yes” or “Oo” has to be chosen by most voters for it to be Plebiscites are different from considered the winning choice or referendums. Section 3 of R.A. ratified into an actual provision. 6735 defines Referendum as “the next page power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called for the purpose.” In essence, referendums are done through 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 7

Fairness Criterion in Plebiscites Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem tells us no voting method is perfect and there shall always be a failed fairness criterion per voting method or process, and this is also true for the voting method for the plurality method. However, due to the two-candidate election, it is impossible to test or adhere to the different fairness criteria. For instance, it adheres to the majority criterion since it is required that the number of votes must be greater than the opposing opinion. In almost most cases, it will end up in a majority ruling or in rare cases, a tie. 342 CHANGE (YES) x x NO CHANGE x (NO) By number of votes, YES (5) has won over NO(4). The winner adheres to the majority criterion, since the majority is equal to sum of ballots divided by 2 +1 or (sum of ballots/2) +1 = (4.5) +1 = 5.5; round-down to get the required majority vote. The plebiscite also adheres to the Condorcet Criterion since again, a head-to-head contest using majority rule will always render the winning opinion as the winner, since there is no other candidate or opinion. 333 CHANGE (YES) x x NO CHANGE x (NO) By number of votes, YES (6) has won over NO(3). The winner adheres to the majority criterion. If head-to-head YES (6) vs. NO(3), YES is the condorcet winner. next page 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 8

cont. Moreover, it adheres to the Independence of Irrelevant Alternative, where the losing candidate is removed from the ballots, the original winner still wins. 342 CHANGE (YES) x x NO CHANGE (NO) NO is removed from the ballots. YES is still the winner. Gibbard-Satterthwaite’s Theorem, Gibbard-Satterthwaite’s Theorem, the plurality method of voting in plebiscites is not resistant to strategic voting, may not be applicable since there are only two options; by which Gibbard- Satterthwaite’s theorem on strategic voting may not occur since it requires three or more alternatives. However, it is very much possible to manipulate voter preference on options by campaigning and advertising the effects of a particular option. Cha-cha Real Smooth The Cha-cha is a complex and significant matter and must be dealt with accordingly, as revisions and amendments can create significant changes towards the operations of the law. It may net positive benefits, such as improved governance and, hopefully, the quality of life, or it may net adverse effects and a decrease in the quality of life. There is a reason why the Cha-cha takes long and is very costly to conduct, and part of it is to prevent the evils lawmakers sought to do through revisions and amendments benefiting a select few. It may be stringent in the voting process. It may require significant investments toward the overall operations of the voting process. In the lens of mathematics in social choices, plebiscites adhere fairness criterions due to their simplicity in asking closed-ended questions. Yet, we should still be wary on voting misinformation and deceit; always conduct research on WHY should we change the constitution. 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 9

THE CHA-CHA CROSSWORD Got all the answers? Message @karlriveraxd at Telegram to check whether you got the all answers correctly! ACROSS Number Crunch | Page 10 3. Typically used in asking the public whether or not a particular law or statute will be passed 5. Method where a candidate or option must attain at least 50% +1 of the total voters 8. _______Change, Refers to a fundamental change towards the statutes or provisions in the Constitution DOWN 1. Voting method where the most votes win 2. Used in ratifying or accepting the proposed amendments by a con-ass, con-con, or PI 4. __________ Assembly, Entire legislature actually proposes amendments and revisions 6. The Supreme Law of the Land 7. Winner occurs when paired head-to-head against another candidate or option, the occurrence of him being higher with another candidate is greater. 17 April 2023

HHAAVVEE YYOOUU EEVVEERR WWOONNDDEERREEDD?? The Relevance of Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio to Nature and Art Have you ever wondered… Why are the Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio related to arts and nature? If you do, you are not alone. Before anything else, let us talk about Fibonacci's founder. Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180- 1250), an Italian mathematician, is the one who invented the Fibonacci sequence. He is known in mathematical history by several names: Leonardo of Pisa (Pisano means \"from Pisa\") and Fibonacci (which means \"son of Bonacci\"). 17 April 2023 The sequence named after him is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. It begins with 0 and 1, and the sequence continues indefinitely, with each subsequent number being the sum of the previous two. The Golden Ratio, on the other hand, is a design concept based on using the Fibonacci sequence to create visually appealing proportions in art, architecture, and graphic design. Number Crunch | Page 11

17 April 2023 That being said, the interconnectedness of the mathematical sequence or the golden ratio with art and nature may still puzzle you because how can these be seen in nature and art? But, here’s the interesting part. The Fibonacci sequence illustrates a fundamental growth and self-replication principle present across aspects of nature. It is ubiquitous because it appears from the branching of trees and the number of flower petals to the spiral pattern in pine cones and the growth patterns of shells. To further understand, let’s talk about the nautilus shell. The spiral of the nautilus shell follows a precise mathematical formula that is based on the Fibonacci sequence, with each curve of the spiral representing a number in the sequence. The shell is a perfect example of the beauty and complexity of the natural world, and how mathematics can be used to explain and understand it. Moreover, The Fibonacci sequence has been widely applied in art and design, where it has been employed by creators to produce aesthetically appealing patterns and designs. It has been utilized by designers to produce harmonic and visually beautiful designs in a variety of fields, including architecture, fashion, music, and graphic design. For example, Dali’s Sacrament of the Last Supper, the general layout of websites, and in sizing and cropping images. To wrap it up, the Fibonacci sequence, or the golden ratio is a fascinating mathematical phenomenon that has played a significant role in the development of mathematics and art. It has inspired most mathematicians and artists to discover and create their masterpieces that adhere to a golden way. Thus, its occurrence in the natural world is proof of the universe's magnificence and intricacy. Number Crunch | Page 12

AALLLL AABBOOUUTT PPAATTTTEERRNNSS The significance of patterns Patterns are everywhere Number Crunch | Page 13 In mathematics, patterns are a sequence of repeating objects, shapes, or numbers. Yet, patterns are not just relevant to mathematics, it can be seen everywhere. For instance, a car wheel represents a rotational pattern. A lake that reflects the mountain and the sky is a reflection symmetry. Whereas the tiles in our houses are a type of translational pattern. Thus, a snowflake and a butterfly represent a bilateral symmetric pattern. See? Patterns are everywhere. Patterns in our Lives Patterns are also applicable to our lives. Patterns can be seen in our own behaviors. For instance, we might notice that we tend to procrastinate on certain types of tasks or that we have a habit of overspending. By recognizing these patterns, we can take actions to alter our behavior and achieve our goals more effectively. Eventually, the patterns which we recognized and the alterations we did contributed to achieving personal development. 17 April 2023

Moreover, if you are into the stock market, you have already experienced the benefits of patterns. Why is that so? The main reason is that the study of patterns in the stock market and other financial markets is extremely valuable for investors and analysts. By identifying trends and patterns in market data, they can make more informed decisions about when to buy or sell assets, or how to allocate resources. Furthermore, if you come to think of it, traditional textiles are still relevant up to this date. Why? Because aside from their cultural significance, the textiles utilized patterns which resulted in incredibly intricate and beautiful designs - and that’s how powerful patterns are. Today, artists incorporate traditional textiles and motifs into modern designs to create visually stunning outputs. In all of these contexts, patterns are extremely valuable to our lives. By understanding the underlying structures and principles that govern the world around us, we can make more informed decisions, design more effective solutions, and live more fulfilling and successful lives.

Solve the Mystery in Every Square Got all the answers? Message @karlriveraxd at Telegram to check whether you got the all answers correctly! ACROSS DOWN 3. can be thought of a getting a mirror image 1. The _____ ratio = 1.618 5. Something which helps us anticipate what we 2. Something which helps us anticipate what we might see or expect to happen next might see or expect to happen next 6. a long strip imprinted with a design given by a 4. an Italian Mathematician repeating pattern motif. 6. the outcome of a mathematical problem 9. moves a shape in a given direction by sliding it about rabbit breeding up, down, sideways, or diagonally. 7. perfect example of Golden ratio in nature 8. consist of taking a motif or an element and 17 April 2023 rotating and/or reflecting that element. Number Crunch | Page 15

NUMBER CRUNCH CONTRIBUTORS RHONMER ZOLETA KARL MARI RIVERA Financial Literacy The Cha-Cha TRIXY GABILO EUREKA ADD BARIDJI Have you Ever Wondered? The Business Case All About Patterns 17 April 2023 Number Crunch | Page 16