THE I DEA L DI ET Letíci a M I TI & M ári o FI ORELLI NI ?Happiness belongs to the ones who eat During this diet the men eat well and don?t put on weight?. Have you ever normally but the right choices are crucial. stopped and wondered if it is really necessary to Food with lots of proteins, as a delicious diet extremely? This discovery proves us wrong. fish, fibres, like grains, and vitamins in fruits All of us always bypass our limits in order to are highly recommended. This kind of food achieve that perfect photo and highlight ourselves possesses healthy fats, such as from others. polyunsaturated, which include fatty acid with two or more molecule connections. However, nowadays, everyone thinks that They are extremely essential for the human is specialists on the subject, consequently we end body and nutrition as they possess Omega up following prejudicial and exaggerated diet 3 and 6. plans. Even though the normal diets, according to scientists, make people lose weight, they do not People all around the world struggle work in long term periods and may affect people?s to find new ways of improving their well being. lifestyles and eating habits for different reasons as merely having a better social Ketogenic, Atkins, Low-carb, Dukan, and image to the prevention of diseases and Twenty Two Days of Beyonce are examples of health problems. Who would like to be sick diets that bring short term results. That is, even all the time? No one. But we also wouldn?t though you are capable of seeing fast changes it?s, like to live with restrictions forever, in most cases, not lasting. It?s as bad as waking up especially in one of our favourite things: in the morning and not being allowed to eat the eating. Everyone has the right of feeling toast or the cheese that you like so much. Now the that alacrity, that is, the pleasure of eating scientific challenge is finding diet plans which that delightful food, right? avoid the feeling of cravings and aren?t that r est r ict ive. Buddies, would you stand this kind of lifestyle? I guess not. Apparently, scientists from the Université Laval from the city of Quebec also won?t. They developed the Highly Satiating Diet. An experiment was made on thirty obese men who followed a normal diet, among them, 44.1% gave up. However, the other 34 who followed the recent developed diet plan had only 8.6% of f ailur e. 51
EV ERYTHI NG FOR A SECOND CHA NCE Dari a M YK HA I LENK O & Raf ael RESENDE 2014, it is estimated that more than 30,000 My wish at that moment was to die, but I people have already contracted the virus, and the knew it would be a legend if I survived, so my only number is only likely to grow. That's how it all alternative was to wait. began. Days and months went by, but there was Ebola is a very rare disease, but when it is Ebola, and unfortunately I got shocking news from on the rise it can kill many. I am a living example, a doctor, Kenya died. They said the Ebola was that is, a dead example of this, in fact. already in an almost final stage and there was nothing else to do. Even so, it seems that my Until I was 28, I lived in an isolated village destiny was not very far away, but I was having in the south of the Republic of Congo, and 2014 good results. My I.V. worked and so did the was a critical year for us. My parents died, and transfusion, now all that was missing was the only my girlfriend had left. She and I decided that t est s. we would have a child, but it didn't work out very well. The tests were good, so I was taken out of quarantine, I was able to see a lot of people and One day doctors came to my village, they be very happy, but that happiness would not last checked people because of the virus, and the long, the Ebola was not yet gone. Although once news was not good. That day we discovered that you get the Ebola you don't contract it anymore, Kenya, my girlfriend, had Ebola. In my village my Ebola hadn't been cured yet, and now it was in people even committed suicide because of the the final stage. disease, to be without contact with others was perpetual and horrible. The doctors tried everything from intravenous to immediate transfusions, I was Kenya, being my girlfriend already had vomiting and having organ failure, the pain was several contacts with me, so they came running, very strong and the symptoms were also the doctors who came from Australia put me in unbearable. I know that before I died I tried quarantine and did several tests. At the end of the everything, because it was all for a second chance day I got the news that I also had Ebola. So I was that never happened. isolated from my friends, and also from Kenya. 52
THE TRUTH A BOUT RA CE Lui s Eduardo LI M A & M arcel l a CA BRA L Do you know what ?both apes and humans don't have in common?? The differentiation between races, there are no orangutan humans, chimpanzee humans or gorilla humans, but only exactly the same humans with minimal differences. The idea of ??race itself, usually referring to animals like dogs, is something that sounds silly even when it?s applied to humans, but is still something that happens a lot. In fact the very concept of race came a long time ago by doctor Samuel Morton, who said people could be divided into five races. Nowadays we realize that this is just a false science, which tries to talk about white superiority, thus being super racist. In short, it's just the same old cock-and-bull story. Even for people these days, it's easy to think, \"Oxy nothing to do.\" Many people fell for Morton and his notion of scientific racism. He was even responsible for many of the disasters of his superior race ideas, such as his influence in the war of secession, where it was supported by the defenders of slavery. Unlike other animals, humans have many more common characteristics with each other than chimpanzees for example. Since all humans have the same point of origin, we can say that we are all of African origin, thus carrying the same genes, with minimal differences. Thus we can see that division by race is very worrying and makes no sense when applied to humans. We should think more about our similarities, which would cause less racism rather than our slight differences, such as the tone of our skin. 53
THE DA NCE OF LI GHTS Pedro A LV ES & Gi ov anna M A RQUES Nightlife in polar places is experience of this study of the mainly in northern Norway, but different from nightlife in the AurorasBorealis. can also in Sweden, Finland, center of the planet; polar dawn at Iceland, Alaska, Canada, certain times of the year is colorful Aurora Borealis is a Greenland, Scotland, Russia and with lights dancing in the night sky, phenomenon of nature that the Faroe Islands. It is unclear and we're not talking about any attracts tourists from all over the when it might happen, but they say parties unless this party is called world, because it makes the polar the longer the nights, the more Aurora Borealis. night sky more beautiful and likely they are to see the famous colorful. This phenomenon occurs lights dancing in the polar skies. Recently a scientist named from the reaction of sunlight with You have to be very lucky to be Kenny Taylor went to Alaska to the earth's magnetic field. When able to see this rare phenomenon, find out more about this event. He the two come in contact with each but if you are lucky enough to see was intrigued by how interesting other, in the polar region, normally it, it will be an unforgettable and beautiful this event was, in the green lights are created in the moment to see those colorful scientific article Auroras-Heavenly polar skies. lights dancing in the polar sky. Lights that he himself wrote he mentions the unforgettable If you wanted to see one, it can be seen from many places, A STA R I S BORN (OR A STA R I S DEA D?) Dani el M ENDES, Syl v i a SOBREI RA & Gabri el RI BEI RO Have you ever st opped t o t hink about millennia, for t he whole process of hiding what happens t o t he st ars? Or even bet t er: forever up in space t o happen. what are t he st ars?A dot in t he sky t hat is so small and insignificant for many of us can The birt h of st ars is direct ly connect ed have a much bigger hist ory and meaning wit h t heir deat h? t hat ?s crazy, isn't it ! These behind it . Many people t hink deat h is t he lit t le point s in t he sky are made of clouds of gas final line, but st ars have a different st ory t o t hat come t oget her t o creat e a layer made of t ell us about t hat . dust and hydrogen. The most int erest ing t hing about t he birt h of t he st ars is t hat when t hey You can t alk t o anyone and many are die it ?s t he st art of a new one. really confused but yet fascinat ed on how st ars can appear and disappear in \"so lit t le W hen t he st ars explode t hey release a t ime\" in front of our eyes. However, it t akes a subst ance t hat enriches t he celest ial bodies lot of years, decades, cent uries or even t hat are yet t o form, causing t he format ion process t o accelerat e. St ars have in t heir 54
M I CROPLA STI C I S SO ?LA ST SEA SON? Jul i ana LOPES & Natál i a M A RQUES Ever y day, we eat food, we dr ink water and we breath air.But do we really know what we are ingesting? We are not sure what is inside plastic bottles, soda, food, etc. Accor ding to Scientists we eat millions of microplastics ever y year, while we eat food (mainly seafood), dr ink from water bottles and breathe air. We can't avoid using microplastics because they are almost ever ywhere, but there are ways we can avoid and reduce their use, for example by dr inking filter water instead of water from plastic bottles. Scientists are still unsure what health impacts they may cause, but they have hypothesized that over time, the cumulative effect of ingesting plastic can be toxic. Different types of plastic have var ious toxic proper ties. Some are made with toxic chemicals while other s are found in the natur al environment. Over time, the development of these toxics can lead to an impact on the immune system. The study by the j our nal ?Environmental Science and Technology? says it?s possible that humans may be consuming around 39,000 to 52,000 microplastics a year. With additional how much microplastics can be breathed, this number is greater than 74,000. People who only dr ink water from plastic bottles ingest an additional 90,000 microplastics. M any people are not sure how much microplastics they ingest and how they ingest them. nucleus a kind of \"element \" t hat is light , which fact t hat it expands so much every over t ime becomes heavier and heavier, second, and t he limit at ions of human t ransforming finally int o carbon. W hat happens t echnology, it is impossible t o fully next is a myst ery t hat st ill last s. explore it . But t he st udy of st ars and what t hey are is already a really good It may seem t hat we already know st art , considering t he limit at ions of enough about t he universe, but in fact , we are current t echnology. For now, we can nowhere near knowing everyt hing about it . The only wait and t ry t o guess what will be universe expands in millions of light -years discovered about st ars and t heir every second. Just for you t o have an idea, a format ion in t he fut ure. light -year is equivalent t o a year of our t raveling at t he speed of light ! Isn?t it 55 i mpr essi ve! W it h t he grandeur of t he universe, t he
A N A NONYM OUS BEETLE HA S BEEN TERRORI Z I NG CI TI ES Henri q ue CA FFÉ & I gor FERRA Z An anonymous beetle has been terrorizing food contaminated by feces of the parasite cities for the past 7 days. The number of insects is Barbeiro, very common in Latin America. An increasing and they are causing a great damage example of a presence of the parasite in feces can be throughout the city. But after all, who is this little an açaí which may not have been well treated beetle and what it is transmitting? during its production phase. It is called Triatoma brasiliensis and is The main symptoms are headache and body spreading Chagas disease throughout the city. Have fatigue, swollen eyes, diarrhea, and vomiting. you ever thought your favorite food may contains disease that this beetles are transmitting? Complications of the disease occur in the chronic phase, and this process can last up to 20 Chagas disease is very common in Brazil. years. As we saw above, Chagas disease can be very Every year, about 150,000 Brazilians are infected, dangerous or even fatal, so we should prevent it. and in the U.S. more than 10,000 deaths have been But how? We can use insecticides on doors, r epor t ed. furniture, and windows of our house, as well as look for a specialist if you have any of the symptoms. This disease can be transmitted either by bites (directly) or indirectly through ingestion of RA CI SM I S BA D FOR I ngri d SPROESSER OUR HEA LTH & Wanda WRI GHT There is much debate today over the racism. boy to return to his land. So, I'll write a situation that will make you reflect: Practicing so damn racism will hurt both your health You're walking to work/school, and you see a black man trying to open the door of a convertible and that of the victim (according to Scientific lamborghini. His clothes are simple and he does not have the car key. You ask him what he is doing, American, this has been biologically proven) the because he is holding a piece of iron and is trying to get the doorknob open. He says he is just trying to victim may develop depression which is a very open his car, because he dropped the key into a manhole and saw that object being carried by the serious illness by. The aggressor will impair his sewage stream. Would you believe the guy or judge him for his looks? mental health too and make himself increasingly Many people are extremely affected by accustomed to such an act. racism, but not only feeling bad. According to the article found on the Scientific American website, Do you know the similarity between eggs racism can affect your health. The author of the scientific article cites a story of an Indian boy and people? There are different eggs in the world, suffering racism: men were screaming for the poor all with different appearances (small, brown, white), but what we forget to remember when selecting them is that ... all remain eggs inside. They are the same (sometimes have a slight difference but still the same). But of course, among all these eggs, there will always be a rotten inside. This is a strange way to represent the human race with eggs. But if you stop to think, it makes sense. 56
THE INFINITE Everyone want s t o improve on t hemselves, and PURSUI T OF Chinese researcher Jiankui recent ly proved one of t he I M M ORTA LI TY ideas on t he subject . In one of his most recent Vinicius FA RIA S & V i ctor CA RDA DOR experiment s, Jiankui was able t o bring t o life t wo babies wit h alt ered DNA using a t ool called CRISPR-Cas9, but t he result s were not as expect ed. The experiment , aimed at prevent ing a variat ion of HIV, is likely t o lead t o premat ure deat h. Is t his anot her failed example of t he et ernal quest for immort alit y? Or is t his a necessary failure for permanent progress? Edit ing human DNA is somet hing t hat many people have imagined, even if t hey haven't not iced. W hat if you could change your body, your mind, your t ics and all t he rest ? DNA edit ing may be t he answer. But it is not only limit ed t o superficial changes. Prevent ing disease by edit ing human DNA can be t he development t hat ext ends t he lives of t housands of humans worldwide, yet it has t he most int riguing possibilit y. The immort alit y. It is t heorized t hat immort alit y can be made available by t hese changes, and admit , who has never dreamed of living forever? But t his is only possible if t he first st eps do not t rip and t hese st eps do not seem t o be going well at t he moment . W hen a t eam of Chinese scient ist s announced t he first successful birt hs of babies wit h edit ed DNA, t he world was surprised. The changes, aimed at eliminat ing t he possibilit y of babies cont ract ing a variant of HIV, may act ually have done more harm t han good, probably dying earlier, at about 76 years of age. The import ant quest ion now is: was it wort h it ? Aft er years of research t he signs are beginning t o point t o t he fact t hat gene edit ing will always lead t o premat ure deat h, or even worse, and t hat gene edit ing will lead t o short ening of life rat her t han expansion. At t he end of t he day, t he research is not over and t his is just a small st ep in t his area. But t he st umbling has already begun and immort alit y seems as far away as ever. And maybe it 's for t he best . W hat makes life beaut iful are imperfect ions. It 's t he bodies, it 's t he minds, it 's t he t ics and it 's t he purpose. It can be underst ood t hat a st ory wit hout end is a st ory wit hout reason, wit hout purpose. And no mat t er how many perfect st eps you t ake, what we realize is our st umbles. 57
Did you know t hat t he paparazzi finally t ook THE FIRST t he pict ure of t he most -t alked about space body in ast rophysics? But who are we t alking about ? The PHOTOGRA PH answer is simple: a black hole, never seen before in a real phot ograph. This pict ure went viral on t he Lucas TORRES & Th eo PA I M int ernet and now everyone is asking why t his pict ure is t hat import ant t o Science. The black hole is one of t he most import ant phenomena in science. Everyday scient ist s make more discoveries about it , t hat are always more fascinat ing t han t he one before. This pict ure was one of t hose fascinat ing discoveries. The black hole is not like t he Eart h, t hat being said, it has various layers, each one being weirder t han t he one before. The most import ant one is indefinit ely t he Event Horizon, which would be t he ?shell?of t he hole. This is t he part t hat ?sucks you in?, because of it s enormous gravit at ional force, possibly t he st rongest in t he universe, because even t he fast est subst ance known, light , can?t escape t he Black Hole. Even nowadays we don?t really know much about t he idea behind t hem. W hat we do know are some really import ant fact s, such as t he fact t hat t hey aren?t act ually t radit ional holes. We don?t know if t hey have anot her side, or how deep t hey go. We know about t heir st rong gravit at ional pull, and t hat t hey are hard t o see wit h t he naked eye. We do need special gear and equipment t o observe t hem, even t hough t hey have a really big size and mass. We also know how t hey decay: in a process which involves quant um mechanics, known as HawkingRadiation. But even wit h t his revolut ionary phot ograph, we st ill know lit t le-t o-not hing about t hese space bodies, and, current ly, t hey are considered ot herworldly for us. This phot ograph proves t hat anyone can make a revolut ionary discovery which can be used in furt her research and benefit fut ure generat ions. So we should cont inue t his hunt for knowledge, and never st op t rying t o learn more, since it may help build a bet t er fut ure, maybe even make a bet t er realit y for us t o live. HOW DI D A SOUTH A M ERI CA N TREE END UP I N A SI A ? Enzo M EDI NA & Carol i na A RENTZ Some people have spent more t han Recent ly, scient ist s found somet hing fascinat ing in t his lake: fossils of a 52-million-year-old t ree called five years at war. These people have seen Cast anopsis. Trees of t his kind are usually found in forest s in sout heast Asia, t his is t he first one t o be found and been t hrough a lot of t hings t hat most in t he sout hern hemisphere, suggest ing t hat t he t ree originat ed in Sout h America. probably changed how t hey view t he world, but not hing can be compared t o what I?ve seen. I?ve seen a volcano?s erupt ion, dinosaurs? ext inct ion, Pangaea?s So how did a Sout h American t ree end up in Asia? Nowadays, t he region where t he fossils were found is separat ion, and humans?dest ruct ion. cold and dry, but long before, it was humid and cool, like what sout heast Asia is now. This means t hat About fift y million years ago, a Cast anopsis adapt s t o humid and cool areas and volcano erupt ed in what t oday is t he sout h migrat ed t o sout heast Asia and ot her places wit h a of Argent ina. This result ed in a huge similar climat e. caldera, which has t urned int o a lake, where insect s and plant s were It ?s odd t hat a plant can live for such a long t ime in accumulat ed, kind of like what happens t o clot hes when forgot t en t o be put away. t he form of a fossil. So many people const ant ly ask These living t hings, or clot hes, t urned int o fossils wit h t ime; many of t hese fossils can t hemselves what it would be like t o live for millions of st ill be found at t he bot t om of t he lake. years. I know exact ly what it ?s like because I am a Cast anopsis. 58
TO INFINITY A ND BEYOND! M ari a Eduarda PA GA NI NI & M ari ana SI QUEI RA Sunrise, sunset , t he moon. Night , st ars European Sout hern Observat ory said. and const ellat ions. These are t hings we can see In addit ion t o Populat ion III, new almost everyday. But have you ever wondered what t hey are? W here do t hey come from? boundaries can be discovered t hrough How are t hey formed? Our Planet Eart h, our globular clust ers, which are dense st ar solar syst em, galaxies, black holes, our st ory collect ions. The oldest known clust ers have and origin: how did it all begin? These st ars from ages 11 t o 14 billion years old. quest ions are all part of a much bigger This large gap exist s because of problems myst ery: t he Universe. To find t he answers t o ident ifying dist ances t o t hem. all of our quest ions, we need t o invest igat e our Universe deeper. The life cycle of a st ar is based on it s mass. Higher mass st ars burn fast er t han Scient ist s est imat e t hat our Universe is lower mass st ars. This means t hat a st ar 10 approximat ely 13.8 billion years old. The most t imes more massive t han t he sun will burn int erest ing part is how t hey can find t his it s fuel supply 10 t imes fast er t han a st ar number. Today, t hey are able t o set a limit on half it s mass, and consequent ly die before. t he Universe?s age by det ermining t he ages of If t he clust er is fart her t han scient ist s have it s oldest st ars, since it is not possible for it t o measured, t he st ars would be bright er and be younger t han t he object s wit hin it . more massive, and t herefore younger. Populat ion III were t he first st ars t o \"Just as archaeologist s use fossils t o emerge and it was from t hose st ars t hat t he reconst ruct Eart h's hist ory, ast ronomers element s t hat would help build t he next use globular clust ers t o reconst ruct t he generat ion of st ars were creat ed. Scient ist s hist ory of t he galaxy,\" Andrea Kunder t old have been searching for t heir t races for many Space.com. \"There are only about 150 years. \"These st ars were t he ones t hat formed known globular clust ers in t he Milky Way, t he first heavy at oms t hat finally allowed us t o so each of t hese globular clust ers are an be here,\" said David Sobral, an ast ronomer at import ant t racer of t he galact ic halo and t he Universit y of Lisbon who was part of a t he format ion of t he Milky Way.\" t eam t hat ident ified a galaxy wit h evidence of st ars from Populat ion III. \"Dust det ect ion in Uncert aint y st ill creat es a limit on t he early universe provides new informat ion t he age of t he Universe: it must be at least about when t he first supernovae exploded and 11 billion years old. It may be older, but not t herefore t he moment when t he first hot st ars younger. Nevert heless, furt her st udies are bat hed t he universe in light ,\" officials from t he being done wit h ever smaller margins of error, which brings us closer and closer t o t he answers. 59
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