NCETM_Mathematics_Department_Workshop_Interpreting_Statistical_data_Resource_Sheet_HT1.STA.1

Mathematics Department Workshops Topic: Interpreting Statistical Data Resource Sheet HT1.STA.1 Pie chart Standard deviation Statistics Census Stem and leaf diagram Bar chart Application of statistics in Probability hospital reform Questionnaire Box and whisker diagram www.ncetm.org.uk A Department for Children, Schools and Families initiative to enhance professional development across mathematics teaching

Moses (exact dates unknown) In the book of Numbers, (chapter 1, verse 2) Moses is instructed to, “Take a census of the whole Israelite community by their clans and families, listing every man by name, one by one.” (New International Version) Gerolamo Cardana (1501 – 1576) Author of the first book about probability: ‘Liber de Ludo Aleae’ (The book on the Game of Chance). Sir John Sinclair (1754 – 1835) A Scottish politician who introduced the word ‘statistics’ to the English language. William Playfair (1759 – 1823) A Scottish engineer and economist, William Playfair published ‘The Commercial and Political Atlas’ in 1786. This book contained the first time series graphs and the first bar chart. In 1801 he published ‘Statistical Breviary’ which contained the first known pie chart. Florence Nightingale (1820 – 1910) ‘The Lady with the Lamp’ was so shocked at what she saw going on in the hospitals of the Crimean War, where ten times as many soldiers died from disease as from their wounds, that she put her statistical ability to good use and encouraged hospital reform. She was the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society, and also invented an unusual statistical diagram rather like a circular histogram. Francis Galton (1822 - 1911) Francis Galton was a cousin of Charles Darwin, and is the first person known to have used a questionnaire as a method of data collection. Karl Pearson (1857 – 1936) The first person to use the term ‘standard deviation’, Karl Pearson also developed the theory of regression and correlation. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient is named after him. John Wilder Tukey (1915 – 2000) Among his many contributions to our modern society John Tukey invented the stem and leaf diagram – first seen in 1972, and the box and whisker diagram in 1977. He also coined the terms ‘bit’ and ‘software’ in computer science. www.ncetm.org.uk A Department for Children, Schools and Families initiative to enhance professional development across mathematics teaching