Med Term Review-2

Med Term Review By: Amber Bahaji Class: 4B Teacher: Pickett

Integumentary system Musculoskeletal system Reproductive The Human Body Nervous system system Master page Special senses Urinary Each system is like a part of a house system (analogies help me and may help others remember so I included one on each slide) Cardiovascular system Digestive system Respiratory system

Analogy: the integumentary system is like the filters in the Back to main house because the regulation what is happening on the outsidpeage Integumentary system Key terms: Function: Vocabulary: derm/o, dermat/o- skin -Protection- protects Perspiration- sweat kerat/o- hard, horn tissue Epidermis- outer layer of skin xer/o- dry From UV rays, physical xanth/o- yellow debris and pathogens erythr/o- red pedicu/o- louse (singular) -Body temperature Dermis- layer below the epidermis Healthcare careers: , lice (plural) maintenance- helps Keratin- water-repellent protein -Dermatology onych/o- nail Melanin- pigments that are brown or black technician- they are myc/o- fungus homeostasis Sebum- oil assistants that take vital pil/o- hair; hair follicle signs, record patient’s lip/o- fat -Perceiving stimuli- Arrector-pili- muscle fibers on hair follicles history, and prepares rhytid/o- wrinkle Gland- cell or cells that secrete substances patients for for exams detects temperature, touch, and procedures. pain and pressure inside or outside the body -Dermatology nurse practitioner- they are Lipocytes- cells that make and store fat professionals that can prescribe medicine, -Excretion- excretes waste Collagen- protein skin, bone,cartilage, ligaments and order lab work, and do minor procedures. products tendons Diseases and disorders: -Albinism-condition of losing pigmentation Cyanosis-condition of turning blue -Eczema- condition of certain areas of skin becoming irritated and itching -Gangrene- death of blood tissue

Analogy: This is like the foundation of the house because the musculoskeletal system helps give the body structure Musculoskeletal system Functions: Vocabulary: Key terms: Skeletal: Ligaments- tissues my/o- muscle Protection- protects connects bone to bone myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cordinternal organs and Tendons-tissues that structures oste/o- bone connects muscle to bone Foramen-passageway cost/o- rib Support- gives the body for blood vessels and nerves structure crani/o- skull Creation of red blood cells- Sinus- hollow cavity in a bone -pexy- surgical fixation bone marrow produces Thorax-made of rib, vertebrae, and sternum chondr/o- cartilage Fascia- RBCs arthr/o- joint Mineral storage- stores Automaticity-ability of muscles contracting without plegia-paralysis calcium and phosphorus nerves kinesi/o-movement Excitability-ability of skeletal muscles receiving and Healthcare careers: Muscular- replying to nerves by contraction Prosthetist-works with patients with or in need -secures bones and allows Extensibility-ability of skeletal muscles stretching of a prosthesis movement to occur Radiologic technologist- performs -produces body heat Diseases and conditions: X-rays for diagnosis and treatment -protects organs Myomalacia- abnormal softening of muscle tissue -helping blood flow and Myoma-muscle tumor other fluids Arthritis-inflammation of the joints -helps move food Lumbago- Lower back pain

Analogy: The nervous system is like the power system because it is connected to all of the house Vocabulary: and sends electrical signals. Sensory neurons-sends Nervous system signals to the brain and spinal cord Nerves:group of neuron Key terms: Function: fibers Sensory input: sends Myelin sheath:protective neur/o-nerve signals from the sensory layer on the axon encephal/o- brain Central nervous system: made of spinal cord and brain myel/o- bone marrow;spinal organs to the CNS and it receives, processes and sends a reaction from all cord Integration:interprets the ambul/o- to walk information from the over. Healthcare careers: Electroneurodiagno -esthesia-feeling;sensation sensory organs Frontal lobe- anterior part of stic technologist- in Motor output:CNS sends the brain charge of the use of mening/o- meninges message to the effectors Parietal lobes- superior part diagnostic of the brain equipment for the psych/o-mind concussa/os-a response Occipital lobe-posterior part nervous system Neurosurgeon- to bruise Hemiparesis-paralysis ooff the brain; controls vision treats and diagnoses Diseases and conditions: one side Temporal lobe-lateral parts conditions of the Astrocytoma-tumor of glial Hemiplegia-paralysis nervous system tissue ofopaf rtthse right and left cerebrum one side of the body Cerebellum-posterior part of Paralysis-temporary or the cerebrum Cerebral contusion-bruising in the cerebral permanent loss of Diencephalon-posterior part movement of the forebrain

Special senses Analogy: This is like the security cameras because they monitor what happens inside and outside Key terms: Function: monitor changes and Vocabulary: irid/o- iris stimuli (internally and -cusis- hearing Macula- pigmented area -opia- vision condition externally) near the retina ot/o- ear tympan/o- eardrum; tympanic The sensory organs detect Rods- photoreceptors for membrane opthalm/o-eye black and white -metry- process of measuring stimuli and send impulses to Cones- photoreceptors Diseases and conditions: the nerves, which is transmitted for color Cataract- clouding of the lens Hordeolum- inflammation and then there is a response Aqueous humor- watery of the eyelid; sty Myopia-nearsightedness from the body fluid that shapes the Hyperopia- farsightedness eyeball Otalgia-earache Healthcare careers: Vitreous humor- gel that Audiologist - a person keeps retina in place who specializes in Cerumen- earwax hearing, balance, and Malleus- auditory ossicle other disorders and bone that is conditions related. hammer-shaped Ophthalmologist- Incus- anvil shaped performs eye exams middle ossicle bone and prescribes Stapes-stirrup shaped medicine and inner ossicle bone treatment. Gustatory sense- sense of taste

Cardiovascular system Vocabulary: Pericardium-outermost layer of the heart Myocardium- middle layer of the heart Analogy: It is like the water system because it moves Endocardium-innermost blood all over the body and without water, people cannot live in the house similarly to the layer of the heart cardiovascular system. Systole- contractions of the ventricles Diastole- relaxation of the Key terms: Functions: The function is ventricles to move oxygenated cardi/o- heart angi/o- Blood pressure- the vessel (blood) hem/o, pressure blood moves hemat/o- blood brady- slow blood and nutrients against the wall of a around the body and to remove waste from the vein/artery Sphygmomanometer: tachy- fast thromb/o- bloodstream. Instrument used to clot -emia- measure blood pressure pertaining to blood condition Sinoatrial node- leuk/o- white Diseases and conditions: pacemaker of the heart erythr/o- red Bradycardia- slow heart rate Veins- carries arteri/o- artery Arrhythmia- irregular heartbeat deoxygenated blood to the Atherosclerosis- plaque building heart Healthcare careers: up in the arteries Capillaries- small blood Telemetry nurse- measures heart Cardiomyopathy- disease of the vessels where carbon patterns with equipment heart muscle dioxide and oxygen can be Cardiologist- physician that treats and exchanged diagnoses heart conditions

Respiratory system Vocabulary: Internal respiration- gas exchange on a cellular level Analogy: It is like the A/C in the house External respiration- because it moves air in and out. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the Key terms: Functions: atmosphere and the cells ● inhaling oxygen which Ventilation-air moving in and bronch/o- bronchus; bronchial later enters the out of the lungs tube bloodstream Larynx- voice-box that helps you speak cyan/o- blue ● Exhaling carbon dioxide Pharynx- the throat and it laryng/o- larynx; voicebox waste passes air to the windpipe Healthcare careers: -oxia -oxygen condition Diseases and conditions: Trachea- the windpipe that oxy- oxygen Bradypnea- slower than brings air to the lungs Perfusionist: specialist pleur/o- pleura;membrane around normal breathing Alveoli- sacs where gas that controls the open-heart the lung exchange occurs surgery Tachypnea- Faster than Diaphragm- structure that helps Pulmonologist: specialist pneum/o- lung;air normal breathing the lungs contract and expand that treats and diagnoses pulmon/o- lung Bronchospasm- relating to the lungs. thorac/o- chest contractions of the bronchi Respiration- process of gas exchange trache/o- trachea;windpipe Croup- barking cough Respiration rate- the number of breaths taken in a minute usually found in children

Analogy: This is like the sewage system Vocabulary: of the house because it takes out all Mastication-process of the solid waste. chewing Duodenum-first part of the Digestive system small intestine that absorbs nutrients Key terms: Functions: Defecation- elimination of solid cholecyst/o- gallbladder ● Ingesting food waste enter/o- intestines ● Breakdown of food Gingiva- the gums col/o, colon/o colon (large (chemical and physical Cardiac sphincter- controls digestion) flow of food from the stomach and esophagus Rugae- protective layer of the intestine ● Absorption of nutrients stomach that aids in digestion Healthcare careers: hepat/o liver ● Elimination of solid gastr/o stomach waste by secreting liquid or/o mouth -pepsia digestion Appendix- organ that has no Gastroenterologist- chol/e gall;bile function specialist that specializes in proct/o rectum;anus Diseases and conditions: Jejunum- second section of thethe treatment of diseases Cholecystitis- inflammation of the small intestine where nutrients and conditions of the is absorbed into the gallbladder digestive system Celiac disease- malabsorption bloodstream syndrome thought to be caused by Cecum- pouch that connects tosDpeenctiisatli-zsepseinciathliesttrtehaattment gluten the ileum and helps move Cirrhosis- scarring of the liver of diseases and conditions waste Hernia-protrusion of an organ through Alimentary canal- tube that relating to the mouth and a muscle winds down the body gums

Analogy: It is like the drain of the Vocabulary: sink because it removes the liquid that is waste. Ureters- transport urine to the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder Urinary system Trigone-triangular-opening of the urethra Urethra- tube that moves urine from the bladder to the outside of Functions: the body Key terms: ● Filters the blood of wasRutreeinneal calyces- cavities that collect -cele protrusion;hernia;swelling ● Storage of waste Medullary pyramids- carries urine -lysis breakdown; separation; (bladder) from renal cortex to the renal loosening ● Excretion- removal of calyces cyst/o bladder;sac;pouch Renal pelvis- upper part of the nephr/o kidney ● wastes ureter Producing hormones Internal sphincter- controls urine ren/o kidney involuntary Healthcare careers: -uria urination Bowman’s Capsule- membrane surrounding the glomerulus Urologist- specialist that diagnoses and treats diseases -pexy surgical fixation Renal tubule- reabsorption occurs and conditions relating to urinary system and male -ectasis dilation;expansion Diseases and conditions: here reproductive system pyel/o renal pelvis Anuria- absence of urine Urination- excretion of urine Dialysis Technician- operates machines that remove waste in Diuresis- abnormal increase of urine people that have kidneys that cannot function properly Nocturnal Enuresis- bed-wetting Glycosuria- condition of where sugar is in the urine

Analogy: This is like the floor plan for the house Vocabulary: because without the floor plan, you wouldn’t be able to make a house that is similar Conception: fertilization of the ovum Reproductive system Gonads: glands that produce gametes (ovaries and testes) Key terms: Luteinizing hormone: stimulates the testes to cervic/o- neck;cervix (neck of uterus)Functions: produce testosterone Semen- fluid that contains salping/o- Fallopian tube Male- fertilization of the ovum or sperm Prostate gland- produces ov/o- ovum (egg) facilitate contraception liquid that lower the acidity of orchid/o- testis;testicle Female-produce new life semen Embryo- a zygote that is oophor/o- ovary implanted into the uterine wall until 8 weeks after conception men/o- menses:menstruation Fetus- a zygote after 8 weeks of conception mamm/o- breast Effacement- process of the cervix thinning gynec/o- female;woman Diseases and conditions: Dilation- process of the cervix Healthcare careers: opening colp/o- vagina Cystocele- hernia of the Colostrum- yellow fluid from Oncologist: specialist that the breast after a baby is born diagnosing and treating with prostat/o- prostate gland Bladder that pushes through that provides nutrients and cancer patients the wall of the vagina. antibodies Obstetrician/gynecologist: Stillbirth- death of a baby with An obstetrician specializes in the care of women from pregnancy until after delivery after the 20th week pregnancy A gynecologist diagnoses and treats of pregnancy diseases and conditions relating the female reproductive system Anorchia- absence of one or both of the testes at birth Cryptorchidism- defect where one or both testes do not descend from the scrotum