Instructional media (ppt) Behavior

Unit 5 : Behavior 1

What’s Behavior ? ▪ Behavior is the response of living things to changes in the environment. both outside the body and within the body for survival Gene Behavior Environment Conclusion: Animal behavior results from the interaction between genetic factors and environment. Animal behavior study 1. Proximate cause ➢ studied in terms of the expression mechanisms of behavior and 2. Ultimate cause behavioral stimuli , including the development of behavior that occurs By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon ➢ Study the behaviors that animals exhibit and how they are useful and how that behavior has evolved in comparison to closely related groups of animals. 2

MECHANISM OF BEHAVIOR Stimulus Receptor Integrated Center Behavior Response Effector - Behavior becomes more or less complex depending on the level of growth of various factors. BEHAVIOR RELEASE MECHANISM 2. Releasing stimulus 1. Motivation (readiness of the body) By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 3

Comparison of behavioral mechanisms A) Case Study 1 B) Case Study 2 show off behavior show off behavior high motive low release actuator low motive high release actuator (hungry) (bad food) (full) (delicious food) By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 4

Type of behavior Innate Behavior Learned Behavior Orientation ❑ Innate Behavior Reflex : unchanged Chain of Reflexes ❑ Learned Behavior : learned behavior, It can be adjusted depending on the experience during life. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

Innate Behavior ▪ It is a simple, unique behavior used in response to a specific type of stimuli. And this behavior, animals of the same species respond to the same stimulus.(Fixed action pattern = FAP) - This behavior is only inherited. no prior learning required - Found in lower animals with immature nervous systems such as Protozoa. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 6

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1. Orientation ➢It is the behavior of the animal which is related to the kinesis taxis movement. 1.1 Kinesis  Movement of paramecium escape from CO2 or high temperature or towards a weak acid  The movement of cockroaches in the open air  movement of shrimp paste/wood lice when the humidity is less * It is believed that kinesis develops as a trial and error behavior. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 9

1.2 Taxis - Night moths fly towards the light. - Movement away from the light But approaching the darkness of maggots - Movement towards the light of ticks (Ixodes ricinus) - Movement of planaria towards light and towards food - Moving toward or away from an object using light as a compass such as bees and ants using the sun as a compass flying straight into the sun while fleeing enemies of grayline butterflies - Movement towards or away from the gravitational force of the butterfly life circle. - Movement toward or escaping from the sound *Animals must have (phono taxis) towards, for example, crickets and appropriate sensory fleeing, for example, for butterflies fleeing from the receptors for the ultrasonic sound. stimuli. - The female frog swims towards the sound of the * Helps animals find male frog for mating. the location of the - The flight of the bat towards the food source. house correctly. - Chicks run towards the cry of the hen. - The swimming posture of the fish 10 By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

2. Reflex It is a form of response to stimuli. 1. blink 2. thrusting a foot away -fast -avoid danger from a nail -any part of the body 3. knee jerk -associated with the 4. coughing sneezing central nervous system people Essence - It is found in almost all animals 11 including humans. - It is a behavior related to the nervous system. - no learning required By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

3. Chain of reflexes - Squirrel nibbles on coconuts - Hatching and rearing of young chickens * It is a behavior in which one reflex can - courtship behavior of animals stimulate other reflexes. of the nervous system - Protecting the Lizard's Protected Territory to work resulting in many sub-behaviors - Formation of the egg cover of spiders By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon - Building nests and finding food in the nests of wasps and maras - Baby suckling, mother's nipple search/baby whale suckling - Bee Dance -Bringing eggs back to the gray goose's nest - The hibernation of animals such as frogs and polar bears. - Animal migration There is a certain pattern in each animal species. resulted from heredity more than the environment Formed from simple reflex + simple reflex+… This continuous reflex is called an instinct. 12

The essence of the *bee dancing * Courtship of tricuspid stick fish chain of reflexes - Able to live and sustain the species - able to show behavior even if raised as separate species - Change according to environment and experience - Insects exhibit the most continuous reflex behavior. *Bringing eggs back to the nest of gray geese By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 13

Learned behavior -It adds fitness to animals. It is a behavior that relies on past experiences to improve the behavior that occurs. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 14

1.Habituation : ความเคยชิน 15 -It is a behavior in which animals ignore to respond to stimuli that do not affect their livelihood when they are stimulated by that stimulus for a long time. * This reduces the response burden of the animal, save energy By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

• The raven's escape towards the scarecrow • The bird's dodge against what flies overhead. • Alarm opening • Birds that build nests on roadsides or feed on roadsides. • Breaking the red light of a driver • Eating raw food By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 16

2.Imprinting : การฝงั ใจ It is a behavior that animals can remember and bond with their mother or father. It is a collaboration between heredity and “Father of Behavior” learning. Genetics determines the time required. It's a time-limited learning. (Critical period=ระยะวกิ ฤต)ิ So there will be an implant. • Following the baby animal's first moving and sounding object after hatching from the eggs or after birth and walking. • Affection of smell to one plant of white flies • Implantation caused by smell in salmon • Mating of animals of the same species • Courtship of birds of different species • A baby chimpanzee walks and cuddles with a soft, bottle-feeding object. Imprinting. Konrad Lorenz was “mother” 17 to these imprinted geese. Question : ❑ What is the critical stage for poultry (geese)? By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

3.Conditioning : มเี ง่อื นไข It is a behavior in which a new stimulus (CS) replaces the true stimulus or the original stimulus (US) and induces the same response. (1) dog + meat (Stimulus I) dribbling (2) dog + bell (Stimulus II) + meat dribbling ...(2) repeated several times... (3) dog + bell dribbling By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 18

Conditional behavior In a Dog's Response by Ivan Pavlov skinner box • Pushing the bar of rats to get food 19 • Hearing the word mango or gooseberry causes saliva. • The child does not eat shredded green vegetables that are sprinkled on the food because he thought it was an onion that he had not eaten • Seeing the scenery brings happiness. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

4.Trail and Error : การลองผดิ ลองถกู - Reward More complex than Habituation, it is behavior that an animal exhibits by chance. - Punishment And if they get rewards, they will induce them to do that behavior again. The correct response will lead to survival and successful reproduction. • Trial and error movement of earthworms in a dark, damp plastic box. • Movement of ants in a labyrinth • The movement of mice in the maze • The dog's attempt to eat with a rope around a wooden pole By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 20

5.Reasoning / Insight Behavior: การใชเ้ หตผุ ล Born among Primates, this behavior has been adapted by trial and error. This learning happens very quickly with the animal responding correctly the first time. Fixed-action pattern Insight (Innate) (Learned) Aim for... increase your chances of survival + opportunity to reproduce By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 21

Comparison table of order of behavior in living organisms By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 22

Social behavior /Communication between animals By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 23

1. Sound Communication -The sounds used by animals to communicate with each other and generate responses are considered learning. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 24

❑ Voice communication serves similar purposes as follows. - Used to indicate animal species that are in the same species **Summarize the meaning of the - It declares the boundary for other animals to know sound. - Used to tell whether the gender is male or female - Tell various feelings and flirt. 1. contact calls - Give warning signs or threaten 2. Warning calls - Tell yourself where you are. 3. Mating calls 4. The ring tone determines the Using Victim Echo location of the object. (echolocation) - Flying bats emit 5-20 sonic pulses per second. But when By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 25 it finds prey, it emits a special signal, possibly 100 sonic pulses per second, to inspect the prey's position in detail. When closer to the prey ,The time between emitted sound and echo is reduced. If the distance between the bat and its prey increases ,Time will also increase. Therefore, bats are able to tell which way their prey will fly.

2. Visual Signal Communication By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 26

* Bee communication: Bee Language 27 1.bee dancing * circle (round dance) :The food is near about 50 meters, no more than 80 meters. * Figure 8 (wagging dance) :Food is more than 80 meters away. 2. Shaking - If there is a lot of food, the swaying rate is fast and short. - If food is low, the swaying rate will be slow and long. 3. Direction indication 1) angle 2) Head direction - Head up / Head down By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

3. Chemical Communication 1. Pheromones that cause immediate behavior (releaser pheromone)  ฟีโรโมนเพศ (sex pheromone) For example, the pheromones that female silkworm moths release to attract male silkworms.  ฟโี รโมนปลกุ ระดม (aggregation pheromone) such as bark beetles  ฟโี รโมนเตอื นภยั (alarm pheromone)  ฟีโรโมนตามรอย (trail pheromone) By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 28

2. Pheromones that do not cause immediate behavior(primer pheromone)  ฟีโรโมนนางพณา (queen-substance pheromone) Found in social insects such as ants, bees, wasps and termites.  Imprinting pheromone  The Bruce effect By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon

4. Physical Communication For example, touch is a medium to ask for food in some baby gulls. By using the beak to peck at the red dots around the mother's beak to encourage the mother to bring food. By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 30

5. luminous Communication such as fireflies and animals that live in the deep sea. by process bioluminescence as follows Luciferase (E) Luciferin (L) +O2 E-L E + L + hv (แสง) By..Teacher.Suklittha Somon 31