Legal vocabulary 1

Glossary of Legal Terms English/Arabic Term Definition Translation: Arabic AID AND ABET (v) To help or assist in committing a crime. ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ؛ ﯾﻤﮭﺪ ﯾﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ‬ ABATE (v) To put an end to; to cancel. ‫ﯾﺒﻄﻞ؛ ﯾﺴﻘﻂ؛ ﯾﻠﻐﻲ‬ ABUSE (v) ABUSE (n) To do physical, sexual or psychological harm ‫ﯾﺴ ْﻲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل؛ ﯾﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ؛ ﯾﻮ’ذي ؛‬ to someone. ACCESSORY (n) ‫ﯾﻀﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺎ او ﺟﺴﺪﯾﺎ او ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ - before the fact - after the fact Improper use or harm. Ex: abuse of power; ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ؛ ﺷﺮﯾﻚ ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ‬ ACCOMPLICE (n) spousal abuse. ‫ﻗﺒﻞ وﻗﻮﻋﮭﺎ اوﺑﻌﺪ وﻗﻮﻋﮭﺎ‬ A person who helps someone else commit a ACCUSATION (n) crime, either ‫ﺷﺮﯾﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮم‬ ACCUSED (n) -before the crime ‫اﺗﮭﺎم؛ ﺗﮭﻤﺔ‬ -after the crime. ‫ﻣﺘﮭﻢ‬ ACKNOWLEDGE (v) A person who helps someone else commit a ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺮف؛ ﯾﻘﺮ‬ ACQUIT (v) crime. A formal charge against a person. ‫ﯾﺒﺮ ْى؛ ﯾﺨﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ او ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ؛ ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﺮاﺣﺔ‬ ACQUITTAL (n) The person who is charged with a crime and ‫اﺑﺮا ء؛ ﺑﺮاءة‬ AD LITEM, GUARDIAN (n) has to go to criminal court. (See Defendant) ‫وﺻﻲ ﺗﻌﯿﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ؛ وﻟﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ To say or testify that something is true. ADDICT (n) To find a person charged with a crime not ADDICTION (n) guilty. To set free or release a person who has ADJOURN (v) been accused of a crime. ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE (n) A decision by a judge or jury that a person on trial is not guilty. A person appointed by the court to protect the interests of a minor or a mentally incompetent adult. A person who is dependent on a drug or ‫ﻣﺪﻣﻦ ؛ ﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات‬ alcohol. The condition of being addicted to a drug or ‫ادﻣﺎن؛ ﺗﻌﺎطﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬ alcohol. ‫ﯾﺆﺟﻞ؛ ﯾﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺒﻮل او ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬ To delay a court hearing until a later time. Evidence that can be legally and properly used in court.

ADMISSION (n) Saying that certain facts are true, but not ‫ﻗﺒﻮل؛ اﻋﺘﺮاف؛ اﻗﺮار‬ ADVERSE WITNESS (n) saying that you are guilty. (see Confession) AFFIDAVIT (n) A person called to testify for the other side. ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﻨﺎھﺾ‬ ‫اﻓﺎدة ﻛﺘﺎﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﻔﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﯿﻤﯿﻦ؛ إﻗﺮار ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺼﺤﻮب ﺑﻘﺴﻢ‬ AFFIRM (v) A written statement made under oath in front AGENT (n) of a legally authorized person, like a judge or a (‫ﯾﺼﺪق؛ ﯾﺆﻛﺪ؛ ﯾﻘﺮ )ﺣﻜﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻧﻔﺎ‬ AGGRAVATED (adj) notary public. ‫وﻛﯿﻞ؛ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ؛ ﻣﻔﻮض‬ -aggravated arson To say that the lower court’s decision was -aggravated battery correct. ‫ﻣﺸﺪد اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﺑﺸﻊ وﻣﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ALLEGE (v) ‫ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ALLEGED (adj) A person who acts for another person or ALLEGATION (n) legally represents him or her. ‫ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ذات ﺧﻄﻮرة ﺷﺪﯾﺪة‬ ALIAS (n) Adjective that describes circumstances of a ALIBI (n) crime that may add to the degree of ‫ﺿﺮب ﻣﺸﺪد‬ punishment (for example: aggravated murder ‫ﯾﺪﻋﻲ؛ ﯾﺰﻋﻢ؛ ﯾﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ALIMONY (n) refers to a murder committed while ANONYMOUS (adj) committing another crime); ‫ﻣﺰﻋﻮم‬ APPEAR (v) -Action of deliberately starting a fire with the ‫زﻋﻢ‬ APPELLANT (n) intent to cause injury or damage; APPELLEE (n) -Use of force against another person with a ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻘﺐ؛ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف؛ اﻟﻤﻜﻨﻲ‬ ARGUMENT (n) dangerous weapon. To say or claim that a crime has been ‫اﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن )ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ‬ committed even though it is not proven. ‫وﻗﺖ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻗﻮع‬ Stated, claimed, asserted, charged. ‫اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪا ﻻ ﯾﻌﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﮫ اﻣﻜﺎن اﻗﺘﺮاﻓﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ(؛ اﻟﺸﺎھﺪ ﻓﻲ‬ A statement that is made but has not yet been ‫ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺸﺎھﺪ ﺣﺼﺮ‬ proven to be true or false. ‫ﻧﻔﻘﺔ اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ‬ Term used to indicate another name by which a person is known. ‫ﻣﺠﻬﻮل؛ بﻼ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ؛ ﻏ ي� ﻣﻌﺮوف‬ A defense that places the defendant at the �‫�ﺤ ض‬ time of a crime in a different place than the scene involved, so that he/she cannot possibly ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ‬ be guilty. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺿﺪە‬ Money the court orders one spouse to pay to ‫ﺣﺠﺔ او ﻣﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬ the other after a divorce. Nameless, unknown, unsigned, lacking a name. To physically go to court. A person who appeals a court’s decision. A person who answers an appeal to go to a higher court. Remarks made by an attorney to a judge or

ARRAIGN (v) jury about the facts of the case. ‫�ﺤ ض� او �ﺴﺘﺪ� ا� اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺎبﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻬﻤﺔ‬ ARRAIGNMENT (n) To bring an accused person before the court ‫اﺣﻀﺎر او اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻺﺟﺎبﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻬﻤﺔ‬ to hear the criminal charges. ARREARAGE (n) Court appearance of the accused person, ‫ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬ ARREST (v) when he/she is told about the charges against (‫�ﻘبﺾ ﻋ�؛�ﺤﺠﺰ او ﻳﻮﻗﻒ )ﺗﻨﻔ�ﺬا ﻻﺻﺪار ﺣكﻢ‬ ARSON (n) him/her and is asked to plead “guilty” or “not- ASSAULT (v) guilty.” ASSAULT WITH A DEADLY WEAPON (n) Amount of child support that is overdue or ATTEMPT (v) unpaid. ATTORNEY (n) To keep a person in custody. BAIL (n) Intentional burning of a house, commercial or ‫ﺣ��ﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬ industrial property. �‫�ﻌﺘﺪي او ﻳﺘﻬﺠﻢ ﻋ� اﻟﻐ ي‬ BAILIFF (n) To try to hurt or threaten to hurt someone ‫اﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋ� اﻟﻐ ي� ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻼح ﻗﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﺗﻬﺠﻢ‬ BANKRUPTCY (n) else. (This is not battery. See BATTERY) ‫�ﺤﺎول؛ �ﺴ� ﻟﻠﻘ�ﺎم بﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎء‬ BATTERY (n) Doing bodily harm without justification by use of any weapon intended to do harm. ‫وﻛ�ﻞ او ﻣﺤﺎم‬ BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT (Prep. To try to do a criminal act or to commit a phrase) crime ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ او ﺿﻤﺎن‬ BIND OVER (v) A legally trained person who represents BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC) (n) clients in court and gives them legal advice. ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻣﺄﻣﻮر ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻣﻔﻮض ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ‬ (See Lawyer, Counselor) (‫اﻓﻼس )ﻣﺎدي‬ A deposit of money given to release a ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪي بﺎﻟ ض�ب؛ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋ� اﻟﻐ ي� بﺎﻟ ض�ب‬ Defendant or witness to make sure he/she returns to court. ‫�ﻘﻴﻨ �ﺎ؛ ﻻ �ﺨﺎﻣﺮە اﻟﺸﻚ؛ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ و�كﻞ ﺗﺄ��ﺪ؛ بﻤﺎ ﻻ �ﻘبﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ‬ Person in charge of security in the courtroom. He/she assists the judge. ‫�ﻠﺰم او ﻳ��ﻂ )بﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ(؛ �ﺎﺧﺬ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺘﺎ ب يي بﺤﻀﻮر او ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ The condition of a person who is unable to pay his/her debts. ‫اﻟ�ﺤﻮ ي�؛‬ ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺪم؛‬ ��‫ف في ي‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺤﻮل‬ ‫�ﺴبﺔ‬ Illegal physical violence or control of a person ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺤﻮل‬ �� ‫ﺗﺮﻛ ي‬ without his or her permission. (Compare with ASSAULT) In a criminal case, the jury must be convinced that every element of the crime has been proven by the Prosecution. Action of a judge who decides before a trial that there is enough evidence for a trial. The level of alcohol in your blood or breath

BLOOD TEST (n) A test of your blood to determine how much ‫ﻓﺤﺺ دم‬ alcohol or drugs are in your body. A test to BOOK (v) determine who is the parent of a child. ‫�ﺤﺠﺰ؛ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ‬ BOOKING (n) Action of the police who arrest you, take your ‫ﺣﺠﺰ؛ إ�ﻘﺎف‬ BRANDISH A WEAPON (v) fingerprints, photographs and personal ‫�ﻠ�ح بﺎﻟﺴﻼح ؛ �ﺸﻬﺮ اﻟﺴﻼح ؛ ﻳﻬﺪد بﺎﻟﺴﻼح‬ BREAKING AND ENTERING (n) information. ‫ﺳﻄﻮ ؛ ﻛ� او اﻗﺘﺤﺎم؛ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒ�ﺖ بﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻮة‬ BREATHALYZER TEST (n) To show a weapon to another person, such as ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟ�ﻗﺔ او ارﺗكﺎب ﺟﻨﺎ�ﺔ‬ BRIBE (v) (n) the police or a victim. (‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ )ﻟﺘﺤﺪ�ﺪ �ﺴبﺔ اﻟ�ﺤﻮل ف ي� اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺷﻮ؛ رﺷﻮة‬ BURDEN OF PROOF (n) Going into someone’s house at night with intent to commit a serious crime. ‫ﻋﺐء اﻻﺛبﺎت‬ BURGLARY (n) A test of your breath to determine the level of alcohol in your body. ‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮ ﻋ� اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل و�ﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ CAPACITY (n) To give money (or something of value) to CAPITAL CASE (n) influence another person to do or not do ‫أﻫﻠ�ﺔ؛ ﻗﺪرة‬ CAPITAL CRIME (n) something. ‫اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ CAPITAL OFFENSE (n) The requirement that the plaintiff (the party CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (n) bringing a civil lawsuit) show by a ‫ﺟ��ﻤﺔ اﻋﺪام‬ CARJACKING (n) \"preponderance of evidence\" or \"weight of ‫ﺟ��ﻤﺔ اﻋﺪام‬ evidence\" that all the facts necessary to win a ‫اﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى؛ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ اﻹﻋﺪام ؛ اﻟﻘﺼﺎص بﺎﻟﻤﻮت‬ CASE (n) judgment are presented and are probably ‫ﺧﻄﻒ او �ﻗﺔ اﻟﺴ�ﺎرات‬ CEASE AND DESIST ORDER (n) true. Act of unlawfully breaking into or entering a ‫ﻗﻀ�ﺔ‬ building or home, with the intent to commit a ‫اﻣﺮ اﻟ�ﻒ او اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ او اﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ theft or other serious crime. A person’s legal or mental ability to make legal decisions. A criminal case where the defendant may get the death penalty. A crime punishable by death. Punishment by death. Action of taking a car/truck that belongs to someone else against his will, by means of force or fear. Lawsuit filed in criminal, civil or traffic court. An order of an administrative agency or court prohibiting a person or business from continuing to do something.

CERTIFIED COPY (n) An official copy of a paper from a case file that ‫ﺻﻮرة او �ﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺔ‬ is marked as being true, complete, and a real CHALLENGE (n) (v) copy of the original legal case. ‫ﻃﻌﻦ او اﻋ ت�اض‬ Someone’s right to object to or oppose an ‫�ﻄﻌﻦ او �ﻌ ت�ض‬ CHAMBERS (n) accusation in a legal case. CHANGE OF VENUE (n) ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻮى‬ �‫ف ي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻘﺎ ض ي� اﻟﺨﺎص‬ CHARACTER EVIDENCE (n) A judge’s private office. (‫ﺗﻐﻴ ي� ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ )اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ‬ CHARGE (n) Moving a civil or criminal case from one court CHIEF JUDGE (n) jurisdiction to another. ‫ﺑيﻨﺔ ﺳ ي��ﺔ؛ ادﻟﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ �ﺴﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ CHILD ABUSE (n) Evidence about a criminal defendant’s CHILD ABDUCTION (n) character. ‫ﺗﻬﻤﺔ؛ ﺟﺮم‬ CHILD MOLESTATION (n) In criminal law, what the defendant is accused of ‫رﺋ�ﺲ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ CHILD SUPPORT (n) (‫اﻹﺳﺎءة ا� اﻻﻃﻔﺎل )ﺟنﺴ� �ﺎ او ﺟﺴﺪ� �ﺎ او ﻋﺎﻃﻔ�ﺎ‬ CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE (n) Presiding or Administrative Judge in a court. Hurting a child physically, sexually or ‫ﺧﻄﻒ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬ CITATION (n) emotionally. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮش اﻟﺠن ي� ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬ The offense of taking away a child by deceit CIVIL ACTION (n) and persuasion, or by violence. ‫ﻧﻔﻘﺔ )ﻣﻌﻮﻧﺔ( اﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬ Any form of indecent or sexual activity on, (�‫ﺑيﻨﺔ اﺳتﻨﺘﺎﺟ�ﺔ؛ دﻟ�ﻞ ﻇﺮ ف ي� )ﻏ ي� ﻣبﺎ ش‬ CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATION (n) involving, or surrounding a child under the CLAIM (n) age of 18. (‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة دﻋﻮى او ﺣﻀﻮر )اﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ‬ Money paid by a parent to help support a child or children. ‫اﺟﺮاء ﻣﺪ ن يي‬ Evidence in a trial which is not directly from ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎك او ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺪﻧ�ﺔ‬ an eyewitness or participant and which ‫ادﻋﺎء او ﻣﻄﺎﻟبﺔ � ش ي�ء‬ requires some reasoning to prove a fact. A court order or summons that tells a defendant what the charges are. Also tells the defendant to go to court and/or post bail. An action brought to enforce or protect private rights. Any action other than criminal proceedings. Violation of the personal rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitution. The statement of a right to money or

CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE (n) property. ‫اﺛبﺎت واﺿﺢ وﻣﻘﻨﻊ ﻻ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻓ�ﻪ ﻟﺸﻚ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬ CLERICAL ERROR (n) Standard of proof commonly used in civil ‫ﺧﻄﺄ او ﻏﻠﻂ ﻛﺘﺎ ب يي‬ ‫كﺎﺗﺐ‬ CLERK (n) lawsuits. It governs the amount of proof that COURT CLERK (n) ‫كﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛‬ must be offered in order for the plaintiff to CLOSING ARGUMENT (n) ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣ�ﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣ�ﺔ‬ win the case. CODE (n) ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻮاﻧ ي نن واﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ An unintentional mistake, in writing, which ‫ش��ﻚ ف ي� اﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ‬ CO-DEFENDANT (n) ‫اﺟبﺎر او ا�ﺮاە‬ may be made by a clerk, counsel, or court. ‫ﺗﻌﺎ�ﺶ‬ COERCION (n) ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟ��ﻤﺔ‬ COHABITATION (n) Officer of the court who files pleadings, COMMIT (v) ‫ا�ﺪع او وﺿﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ض ي� ﺳﺠﻦ او ﻣﻌﺘﻘﻞ‬ COMMITMENT (n) motions, judgments, etc., issues process, and ‫اﻣﺮ ح ﺣبﺲ؛ اﻣﺮ إ�ﺪاع ف ي� ﺣبﺲ او ﺳﺠﻦ‬ COMMITMENT ORDER (n) COMMON LAW (n) keeps records of court proceedings. ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‬ COMMUNITY OBLIGATIONS (n) ‫دﻳﻦ ﻣﺸ ت�ك‬ COMMUNITY PROPERTY (n) Counsel’s final statement to the judge/and or ‫أﻣﻮال ﻣﺸ ت�ﻛﺔ‬ COMMUNITY SERVICE (n) jury after all parties have presented all their ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ؛ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ )ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌ�ﺔ( ﻣﺸ ت�ﻛﺔ‬ COMMUTATION (n) evidence. ‫ﺗﺨﻔ�ﻒ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ؛ ﺗبﺪ�ﻞ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ‬ COMMUTE (v) �‫�ﺨﻔﻒ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ؛ ﻳبﺪل؛ �ﻐ ي‬ COMPENSATORY DAMAGES (n) Book that contains all the laws. Ex: Labor ‫ﺗﻌ��ﻀﺎت ﻣﺎد�ﺔ ﻣكﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ Code, Civil Code, Criminal Code. In a criminal case, a person charged with involvement in the same crime as another. Forcing someone to do something by threat. Living with another person To do something illegal, “to commit” a crime The action of sending a person to prison or a mental institution. The order directing an officer to take a person to prison or to a mental institution. Laws that come from court decisions and not from statutes, “codes, ” or constitutions. Debts that a husband and wife owe together. Everything that a husband and wife own together. Anything either spouse bought with money earned during the marriage. Work performed as punishment for a crime. It may also be performed instead of a fine, or as a condition of probation. The reduction of a prison sentence, such as from 10 years to 5 years. Money that one person must pay another to

DAMAGES (n) cover the cost of a wrong or injury. ‫اﻣﺮ بﺼﻼﺣ�ﺔ؛ اﻣﺮ ذو أﻫﻠ�ﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬ COMPETENCY ORDER (n) An order from a court that says that a ‫أﻫﻠ�ﺔ؛ ﺻﻼﺣ�ﺔ؛ ﻗﺪرة؛ ﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬ COMPETENCY (n) defendant is mentally able to go to trial. The ability of a person to understand �‫اﻟﺸﺎ ي�؛ اﻟﻤﺘﻈﻠﻢ او اﻟﻤﺸﺘ ي‬ COMPLAINANT (n) and communicate, especially with regard to standing trial and assisting counsel in his or ‫ﺷﻜﻮى؛ دﻋﻮى؛ ﺗﻈﻠﻢ‬ COMPLAINT (n) her defense. ‫إﺧﻔﺎء؛ ﻛﺘﻤﺎن‬ CONCEALMENT (n) Person who wants to start a court case ‫اﺣكﺎم ﻣﺘﻼزﻣﺔ او ﻣ ت ن�اﻣﻨﺔ؛ اﺣكﺎم ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﻣﺸ ت�ﻛﺔ‬ CONCURRENT SENTENCES (n) against another person. In a civil case, the CONFESSION (n) complainant is the PLAINTIFF. In a criminal ‫اﻗﺮار؛ اﻋ ت�اف‬ CONFIDENTIAL RECORD (n) case, the complainant is the STATE. ‫ﺑ�ﺎن �ي؛ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت او ﺳﺠﻼت ��ﺔ‬ CONFISCATE (v) CONFRONTATION RIGHT (n) The legal document that usually begins a civil �‫�ﺼﺎدر؛ �ﺤﺠﺰ؛ �ﺴﺘﻮ ي� ﻋ‬ lawsuit or a criminal case. ‫ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES (n) Withholding information which one is ‫اﺣكﺎم ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟ�ﺔ؛ اﺣكﺎم ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎبﻌﺔ‬ CONSENT (n) required to reveal. ‫ﻗﺒﻮل؛ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ؛رﺿﺎ‬ CONSPIRACY (n) Sentences you can serve at the same time. ‫ﻣﺆآﻣﺮة؛ ﻣﻜ�ﺪة‬ CONSTITUTION (n) When a person admits orally or in writing that �‫اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر؛ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺳﺎ ي‬ he/she committed an offense or a crime. Information in a court case that is not available to the public. Action of taking away property temporarily for security or legal reasons. Defendant’s right to be face-to-face with the witnesses against him or her. Successive sentences, one beginning at the end of another, imposed against a person convicted of two or more violations. A written agreement to obey a decision or deal. When two or more persons agree to commit a crime. The rules, principles and descriptions of the government’s power, and the main rights that the people of a country or state have.

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT (n) A right guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution, ‫ﺣﻖ دﺳﺘﻮري‬ CONTEMPT OF COURT (n) interpreted by the federal courts. ‫ﻋﺼ�ﺎن اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ؛ اﻧﺘﻬﺎك ﺣﺮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﺗﺤﻘ ي� او اﺣﺘﻘﺎر‬ CONTINUANCE (n) Disobeying a court order. Punishment can be CONTRACT(n) a fine or jail. ‫اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ Delaying a court case to a later date. ‫ﺗﺄﺟ�ﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ض ي� اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ ا� ﻣﻮﻋﺪ آﺧﺮ‬ CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE (n) -An agreement between two or more people to do or not to do a particular thing; ‫ﻋﻘﺪ؛ اﺗﻔﺎق‬ CONVICT (n) -An agreement between two or more people that makes, changes, or ends a legal ‫ﻣﺎدة )ﻣﺤﻈﻮرة(؛ ﻋﻘﺎﻗ ي� ﻣﺤﻈﻮرة‬ CONVICT (v) relationship. CONVICTION (n) ‫ﻣﺪان؛ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم ﻋﻠ�ﻪ بﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ‬ COUNSEL (n) A drug or chemical whose manufacture, COUNT (n) possession, or use is regulated by a COUNTERFEIT (v) government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated COURT APPOINTED COUNSEL (n) by law. A person who has been found guilty of a crime COURT (OR BENCH) TRIAL (n) and is serving a sentence for that crime; a CRIME (n) prison inmate. CRIMINAL (n) To find a person guilty of an offense by either ‫اداﻧﺔ؛ ﻗﺮار اداﻧﺔ‬ a trial or a plea of guilty ‫ﻣﺴتﺸﺎر ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ن يي او ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﺳتﺸﺎر�ﺔ‬ Decision by a judge or jury when they find a ‫ﻓﻘﺮة اﺗﻬﺎﻣ�ﺔ؛ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد اﻻﺗﻬﺎم‬ criminal defendant guilty. Lawyer, attorney, legal representative ‫ﻳﺰور؛ ﻳ��ﻒ‬ Each separate charge in a criminal case. ‫ﻣﺴتﺸﺎر ﻣﻌ ي نن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻣﺴتﺸﺎر ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ن يي‬ To forge, to copy or imitate, without authority or right, and with the purpose to deceive by passing off the copy as genuine. A defense attorney assigned by the court to represent a defendant who cannot afford to hire an attorney. A trial without a jury. A judge decides the ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ ﻋﺎد�ﺔ ﺗﺠﺮي اﻣﺎم ﻗﺎض ﻣﻨﻔﺮد‬ case. ‫ﺟ��ﻤﺔ؛ ﺟﺮم‬ Something you do, or don’t do, that breaks a law. ‫ﻣﺠﺮم؛ ﻣﺪان بﺠ��ﻤﺔ‬ Someone convicted of a felony or a misdemeanor.

CRIMINAL INSANITY (n) Lack of mental ability to do or keep from �‫ﺟﻨﻮن ﺟﻨﺎ ئ يئ؛ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻋﻘ ي‬ CRIMINAL RECORD (n) doing a particular act; not able to distinguish ‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﺟﻨﺎ ئ يئ‬ right from wrong. DAMAGES (n) Arrest record. A written account listing all the (‫ﺗﻌ��ﻀﺎت او ا ض�ار )ﻣﺎد�ﺔ او ﻏ ي� ﻣﺎد�ﺔ‬ DEADLY WEAPON (n) instances in which a person has been ‫ﺳﻼح ﻗﺎﺗﻞ او ﺧﻄﺮ؛ ﺳﻼح ﻓﺘﺎك‬ DEATH PENALTY (n) arrested. DECEDENT (n) A form completed by a police officer when a ‫ﻋﻘ��ﺔ اﻹﻋﺪام؛ ﺣكﻢ اﻹﻋﺪام‬ person is arrested. ‫ﻣﺘﻮ ف�؛ ﻣ�ﺖ‬ DEFENDANT (n) Money that the losing side must pay to the DEFENSE ATTORNEY (n) winning side for losses or injuries. ‫اﻟﻤﺪ� ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ DELIBERATE (v) Any weapon, instrument or object that is ‫ﻣﺤﺎم اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ DEPORTATION (n) capable of being used to inflict death or great ‫ا�ﻳبتﻤﻌﺎﻌﺸﺎدﻦ؛وارﻧﻟ فاﻨ يو�ﻈ؛ﻳﺮﺘ ف يﺪﻃا�ﺮوادﻟ؛ل ش�) يا�ﺴﻻﻔ يﻣﺮ�(ﻗ؛ﻬﻳﺘﺮﻔيﺤﺺ )ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل ا� رأي(؛‬ bodily injury. DEPOSITION (n) ‫اﻓﺎدة او ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻣﺸﻔﻮﻋﺔ بﺎﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ DETENTION (n) Death imposed by the government as ‫ﺣﺠﺰ‬ DIRECT EVIDENCE (n) punishment for a serious crime. ‫دﻟ�ﻞ ﻣبﺎ ش�؛ ﺑيﻨﻪ او ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻣبﺎ ش�ة‬ In criminal law, a murder victim; in civil law, a dead person. In a civil case, the person or company being sued. In a criminal or traffic case, the person accused of the crime. In a criminal case, the lawyer that represents the accused person (the “defendant”). To consider all the evidence related to a case that was presented in court. The act of removing a person to another country. An order issued by an immigration judge, expelling an illegal resident from the United States. Written or oral testimony given under oath in front of an authorized third person like a court reporter or attorney. When a person is temporarily kept in jail until the court makes a final decision. Evidence in the form of a witness’s testimony, who actually saw, heard, or touched the subject in question.

DISCOVERY (n) The gathering of information (facts, ‫ﻛﺸﻒ؛ اﺳﺘﻄﻼع‬ documents or testimony) before a case goes DISCRIMINATION (n) to trial. ‫ﺗﻤﻴ ي ��؛ ﻣﺤﺎبﺎة؛ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺴﺎواة‬ DISMISS (v) Unfair treatment or denial of normal ‫ﻳﺮد )ﻃﻠبﺎ او دﻋﻮى( �ﺸكﻞ ﻧﻬﺎ ئ يئ‬ privileges on the basis of sex, age, race, DISMISSAL WITH PREJUDICE (n) nationality, religion or handicap. �� ‫رد دﻋﻮى ﺑﺘﺤ ي‬ To terminate a legal action involving DISMISSAL WITHOUT PREJUDICE (n) outstanding charges against a defendant in a �‫رد دﻋﻮى بﺪون ﺗﺤ ي ن‬ DISORDERLY CONDUCT (n) criminal case. ‫ﺳﻠﻮك ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻶداب اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﺳﻠﻮك ﻣﺨﻞ بﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم او‬ DISSOLUTION (n) Action of a court when it dismisses a case and DISTURBING THE PEACE (n) will not allow any other suit to be filed on the ‫اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﻌﺎم‬ same claim in the future. ‫ﺣﻞ؛ ﻓﺴﺦ؛ ابﻄﺎل‬ DIVORCE (n) ‫ﺗﻌﻜ ي� اﻻﻣﻦ؛ اﺧﻼل بﺎﻻﻣﻦ‬ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (n) When a court dismisses a case but will allow DOMICILE (n) other suits to be filed on the same claim. ‫ﻃﻼق‬ DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED (DWI) (n) Any behavior, contrary to law, which disturbs �‫اﻟﻌﻨﻒ اﻟﻤ نن� ي‬ DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE (DUI) (n) the public peace. ‫ﻣ نن�ل؛ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ DRUNK DRIVING (n) The act of terminating a marriage. ‫ﻗ�ﺎدة اﻟﺴ�ﺎرة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ ي� اﻟ�ﺤﻮل او اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬ DURESS (n) Conduct which tends to annoy other people, ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬/‫ﻗ�ﺎدة اﻟﺴ�ﺎرة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ ي� اﻟ�ﺤﻮل‬ including making unnecessary and distracting ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬/‫ﻗ�ﺎدة اﻟﺴ�ﺎرة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ ي� اﻟ�ﺤﻮل‬ EMBEZZLE (v) noise. ‫ارﻏﺎم؛ ﻗﻬﺮ؛ اﺟبﺎر؛ ا�ﺮاە؛ ﺣبﺲ‬ The common name for a marriage that is legally ended. ‫�ﺨﺘﻠﺲ؛ �ﺴﺘﻮ ي� ﻋ�؛ ﻳبﺪد‬ An assault committed by one member of a household against another The place where a person has his/her permanent legal home. The unlawful operation of a motor vehicle while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Any illegal imprisonment or threats of bodily harm in order to coerce the will of another and induce him/her to do an act contrary to his/her free will. To take property from a person to whom the property has been entrusted.

ENTER A GUILTY PLEA (v) To file a formal statement with the court that ‫اﻗﺮار بﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ the accused admits committing the criminal ‫�ﺨ ي�؛ �ﺠ ب� ﻋ� اﺧﻼء )ﻣكﺎن(؛ �ﻄﺮد بﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬ EVICT (v) act. EVICTION (n) EXCESSIVE FORCE (n) To expel a person from a property with EXCLUSIONARY RULE (n) especially with the support of the law. EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE (n) EXECUTE (v) The act of removing a person from a premise ‫اﺧﻼء؛ ا�ﺮاە ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋ� اﺧﻼء ﻋﻘﺎر‬ EXECUTION (n) with a court judgment. EXONERATE (v) ‫ﻗﻮة زاﺋﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ؛ ﻗﻮة ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ؛ ﻗﻮة ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺤﺪ‬ EX PARTE PROCEEDING (n) The use of an unreasonable amount of force ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮل‬ by a police officer. EXPUNGEMENT (n) The rule preventing illegally obtained ‫ﺣكﻢ اﻻﻗﺼﺎ ْء‬ EXTORTION (n) evidence to be used in a trial. Evidence which tends to indicate that a ‫ادﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﻓ�ﺔ‬ EXTRADITION (n) defendant did not commit the alleged crime. To carry out all terms of a contract or court ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺬ؛ ﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﻋ�؛ ﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ اﻻﻋﺪام‬ EYE WITNESS (n) order; to sign a document; to kill. FAILURE TO APPEAR (n) A court order given to a sheriff authorizing �‫ﺗﻨﻔ�ﺬ او ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋ‬ him/her to carry out the court’s judgment. To clear of blame or responsibility. ‫�ﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟ�ﺔ؛ �ﻌﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ذﻧﺐ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاءات ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ واﺣﺪ؛ ﺗﻤﺜ�ﻞ اﺣﺎدي )ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف‬ A legal proceeding in which only one side is represented. (‫واﺣﺪ‬ Official erasure of a criminal record or partial ‫ﻣﺤﻮ؛ ﺷﻄﺐ‬ contents of a criminal record. ‫اﻧ ت ن�اع؛ اﺑ ت ن�از‬ The act of obtaining the property of another ‫�ﺴﻠ�ﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻤ ي نن اﻟﻔﺎر� ي فن‬ person through wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear. ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋ�ﺎن‬ ‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﺤﻀﻮر؛ ﻓﺸﻞ ض ي� اﻟﻤﺜﻮل اﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ Bringing a person that is in custody in one state or country to the authorities of another state or country where that person has been accused or convicted of a crime. A person who actually saw the act, fact, or transaction to which he/she testifies. The act of not appearing in court after being presented with a subpoena or summons.

FAILURE TO COMPLY (n) The act of not following an order that is given ‫رﻓﺾ اﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎل؛ رﻓﺾ اﺗبﺎع اﻻواﻣﺮ‬ FEE WAIVER (n) by the court or police. ‫اﻋﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ دﻓﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﻮم‬ Permission not to pay the court’s filing fees. FELONY (n) People with very low income can ask the court ‫ﺟﻨﺎ�ﺔ؛ ﺟ��ﻤﺔ‬ FELONY MURDER (n) clerk for a fee waiver form. ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻨﺎ�ﺔ؛ ﺟﻨﺎ�ﺔ أدت ا� ﻗﺘﻞ‬ FIFTH AMENDMENT (n) A serious crime that can be punished by more ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪ�ﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ FILE (v) than one year in prison or by death. FIND GUILTY (v) A murder committed during the commission ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ؛ اﺿبﺎرة‬ FINE (n) of a felony such as robbery, burglary, or ‫ﻳثبﺖ اداﻧﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ kidnapping. (‫ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ؛ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ )ﻣﺎد�ﺔ‬ FINGERPRINTS (n) You cannot be forced to testify against yourself in court. You have the right to refuse ‫بﺼﻤﺎت اﻻﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ FIREARM (n) to answer a question that might incriminate FORFEIT (v) your. ‫ﺳﻼح ﻧﺎري‬ FORGERY (n) When a person officially gives a paper to a (‫�ﺨ� )ﻣﺎﻻ او ﺣﻘﺎ‬ FOSTER CARE (n) court clerk and that paper becomes part of (‫ﺗﺰو�ﺮ )ﺷﻬﺎدة او اﺳﻢ‬ the record of a case. ‫ﺗنﺸﺌﺔاو ﺗ���ﺔ اﻟﻐ ي� )ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻻد(؛ اﻟﺮﻋﺎ�ﺔ اﻟبﺪ�ﻠﺔ ﻟﻼوﻻد‬ When the judge or jury determines the guilt of the defendant. The money a person must pay as punishment for doing something illegal or for not doing something they were supposed to do. The distinctive pattern of lines on human fingertips that are used as a method of identification in criminal cases. A weapon such as a rifle, shotgun or revolver To lose or lose the right to something. To use someone else’s name and claim it is yours. A program that gives money to a person,

FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT (n) family, or institution to raise someone else’s ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮابﻌﺔ ﻋ ش� ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻌﺪ�ﻞ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر‬ FRAUD (n) child. ‫ﺗﺤﺎ�ﻞ او ﻧﺼﺐ‬ GAMBLING (n) ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺮة‬ GRAND JURY (n) All persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—are ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻔ ي فن ﻛ ب�ى‬ GRAND THEFT (n) guaranteed equal protection of the laws. ‫�ﻗﺔ ﻛ ب�ى‬ GREAT BODILY INJURY (n) Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. (‫إﺻﺎبﺎت بﺪﻧ�ﺔ )ﺧﻄ ي�ة‬ GROSS NEGLIGENCE (n) GUARDIAN (n) The act of betting money, or other thing of ‫اﻫﻤﺎل ﺟﺴ�ﻢ او ﻓﺎدح‬ GUARDIAN AD LITEM (n) value, in a game of chance. �‫و ي�؛ و ي‬ GUILTY (adj) A group of 16 to 23 citizens who listen to the ‫و ي� ﻋ� اﻟﻘﺎ� ض ي� ﻗﻀ�ﺔ‬ prosecutor’s evidence of criminal allegations ‫ﻣﺬﻧﺐ ؛ آﺛﻢ‬ and decide whether there is probable cause to believe a person committed a crime and to charge them with that crime. Taking the personal property of another person of a value in excess of an amount set by law with the intent to deprive the owner of it permanently. Often used for car theft. Injury which involves a substantial risk of death, serious permanent disfigurement, or loss of function of any part of an organ of the body. This is a more serious than ordinary battery. A negligent act which is reckless, which departs from the conduct of an ordinary, prudent person, and is contrary to a proper regard for human life. A person appointed by law to assume responsibility for incompetent adults or minor children. An adult appointed by a court who represents a minor child or legally incompetent person. A court decision that a defendant committed

GUILTY PLEA (n) a crime. ‫اﻗﺮار بﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ HANDCUFFS (n) ‫ﻗﻴﻮد؛ اﻏﻼل‬ HARASSMENT (n) When a person admits in court that he/she is ‫ﻣﻀﺎ�ﻘﺔ؛ ازﻋﺎج ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ HEARING (n) guilty of a crime. ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ HEARSAY (n) �‫ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻊ بﻤﺎ ﺳﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐ ي‬ Chains or shackles to secure a prisoner’s HEIR (n) hands. ‫وارث؛ ور�ﺚ‬ HIT AND RUN (n) ‫ﺟ��ﻤﺔ �ﺼﺪم و�ـﻬﺮب‬ Words, gestures, and actions which tend to HOMICIDE (n) annoy, alarm, and verbally abuse another ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻐ ي� او اﻣﺎﺗﺘﻪ‬ HOSTILE WITNESS (n) person. ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻀﺎد‬ HUNG JURY (n) IGNORANCE OF FACT (n) A formal court proceeding with the judge and ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻔ ي فن ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ opposing sides present, but no jury. ‫ﺟﻬﻞ او ﻋﺪم اﺣﺎﻃﻪ بﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question, but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay usually can’t be used as evidence in court. A person that has the right to inherit money or property from someone who dies with or without a will. Crime in which the driver of a vehicle leaves the scene of an accident without identifying him/herself. The unlawful killing of one human being by another. A witness whose testimony is not favorable to the party who calls him/her as a witness. A jury whose members cannot agree upon a verdict. The lack of knowledge of some fact relating to the subject matter at hand. May sometimes

ILLEGAL (adj) be used as a defense. ‫ﻣﺨﺎف ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن؛ ﻏ ي� ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ف يي‬ IMMUNITY (n) Against the law ‫�ﺣﻄﻌﺼﺎﻧﻦﺔف ي؛�ﻣﻨﺎﺷﻋﻬﺎﺔدة اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ؛ ﺗﻘﺪ�ﻢ ﺑيﻨﺔ ﻋ� ان اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻻ‬ IMPEACH A WITNESS (v) A right to be excused from a duty or penalty. IMPOUND (v) ‫�ﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ To call into question the truthfulness of a (‫�ﺤﺠﺰ؛ �ﺤبﺲ؛ �ﻀبﻂ )ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬ IMPRISON (v) witness. INADMISSIBLE (adj) To take and keep an object (often a vehicle) in (‫�ﺤﺠﺰ؛ �ﺤبﺲ )ﻟﻼﺷﺨﺎص‬ police custody. ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮض؛ ﻏ ي� ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‬ INCARCERATE (v) INCEST (n) The act of putting or confining a person in ‫�ﺴﺠﻦ؛ �ﻀﻊ ض ي� ﺳﺠﻦ‬ prison. ‫ﺳﻔﺎح اﻟﻘﺮ بى؛ ارﺗكﺎب اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرم ؛ زﻧﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرم‬ INCOMPETENCY (n) Something that cannot be admitted as evidence in a trial or hearing. ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬/‫ﻋﺠﺰ؛ اﻧﻌﺪام اﻷﻫﻠ�ﺔ‬ INCRIMINATE (v) ‫�ﺠﺮم؛ �ﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ؛ �ﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻣﺎ ا� ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬ To put someone in jail or prison. ‫ﺗﻌ��ﺾ ﻓﺎﺿﺢ؛ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﻮرةﻋ� ﻣﺮأى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬ INDECENT EXPOSURE (n) The act of having sexual intercourse between persons so closely related that marriage ‫ﺗﻌ��ﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرة‬ INDEMNITY (n) between them would be unlawful. Lack of capacity to understand the nature and ‫ﻻﺋﺤﺔ اﻻﺗﻬﺎم‬ INDICTMENT (n) object of the proceedings, to consult with counsel, and to assist in preparing a defense. ‫ﻓﻘ ي�؛ ﻣﺤﺘﺎج‬ INDIGENT (adj) To say that another person is responsible for ‫ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗ����ﺔ ﻓﺮد�ﺔ‬ criminal actions. INDIVIDUAL EDUCATION PLAN (IEP) Showing private body parts in an indecent manner in a public place. An obligation to provide compensation (usually money) for a loss, hurt or damage. A formal charge by a grand jury saying there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial. Used primarily for felonies. A person who is poor, needy, and has no one to look to for support. Plan for a student who is entitled to special education services.

INFORMANT (n) An undisclosed person who confidentially ‫ﻣﺨ ب�؛ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ اﺧبﺎر ﺟﺮﻣ�ﺔ‬ discloses material information of a crime to INFRACTION (n) the police, which is usually done in exchange ‫ﺧﺮق؛ اﻧﺘﻬﺎك ﻗﺎﻧﻮن؛ اﻻﺧﻼل بﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ for a reward or special treatment. INITIAL APPEARANCE (n) ‫اﻟﻤﺜﻮل اﻻو ي� اﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ؛ اﻟﺠﻠﺴﺔ اﻟﻤبﺪﺋ�ﺔ‬ A minor violation of a law that is not a INJUNCTION (n) misdemeanor or a felony and can’t be ‫أﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ ﺗﻘﻴ�ﺪي؛ اﻣﺮ زﺟﺮي‬ INMATE (n) punished by time in prison. Example: a minor ‫ﻧ��ﻞ ف ي� ﺳﺠﻦ؛ ﻣﺤﺠﻮز ف ي� ﺳﺠﻦ‬ INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY (n) traffic offense. ‫ﺑﺮيء ﺣ تى ﺗثبﺖ اداﻧﺘﻪ‬ INSANITY PLEA (n) In criminal law, the hearing at which a judge INSTRUCTIONS (n) determines whether there is sufficient ‫ادﻋﺎء اﻟﺠﻨﻮن‬ INTENT (n) evidence against a person charged with a INTERLOCUTORY (adj) crime to hold him/her for trial. ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠ�ﻤﺎت؛ ﺑ�ﺎن اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر�ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ INTERROGATORY (n) ‫ﻧ�ﻪ؛ ﺗﺼﻤ�ﻢ؛ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ A court order that says a defendant can’t ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ؛ ﻏ ي� ﻧﻬﺎ ئ يئ‬ perform, or must perform, a specific act. ‫ورﻗﺔ اﺳﺘﺠﻮاب‬ A person confined to a prison or jail. A belief in the American legal system that all people accused of a criminal act are considered innocent until the evidence leaves no doubt in the mind of the court or the jury that the accused did commit the crime. A claim by a defendant that he/she lacks the soundness of mind required by law to accept responsibility for a criminal act The explanation of constitutional rights given by a judge to a defendant. A resolve to do a particular criminal act. Something that is provisional; not final. A written question asked by one party in a

INTESTATE (adj) lawsuit which the opposing party must answer ‫بﻼ وﺻ�ﺔ؛ ﻏ ي� ﻣﻮص‬ INTOXICATION (n) in writing. ‫ﺛﻤﺎﻟﺔ؛ ﺳﻜﺮ‬ INVESTIGATION (n) To die without making a will. ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ؛ ﺗﺤﺮ؛ بﺤﺚ‬ INVOLUNTARY MURDER (n) �‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏ ي� ارادي او ﻏ ي� ﻋﻤﺪي؛ ارﺗكﺎب اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ او ﻏ ي‬ A diminished ability to act with full mental IRRELEVANT (adj) and physical capabilities because of alcohol or ‫اﻟﻤ ش�وع‬ ISSUE (n) drug consumption; drunkenness. ISSUE (v) ‫ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ بﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿ�ع‬ JAIL (n) A legal inquiry to discover and collect facts. ‫ﻣﻮﺿ�ع اﻟ نن�اع‬ JEOPARDY (n) JOIN (v) The unlawful killing of a human being in which ‫�ﺼﺪر اﻣﺮا او ﻻﺋﺤﺔ‬ JOINT TENANCY (n) there is no intention to kill or do grievous ‫ﺳﺠﻦ؛ ﺣبﺲ‬ bodily harm, but that is committed with JOYRIDING (n) criminal negligence or during the commission ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻖ بﺎﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ of a felony. ‫�ﻀﻢ؛ ﻳﻨﻀﻢ؛ ﻳﻮﺣﺪ؛ �ﺪﻣﺞ‬ Evidence that is not sufficiently related to the matter at issue. ‫أﻣﻼك ﻣﺸ ت�ﻛﺔ‬ The disputed point between parties in a ‫اﺧﺬ ﺳ�ﺎرة اﻟﻐ ي� بﺪون ﺣﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋ� اﻋﺎدﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬ lawsuit. To send out officially. Example: A court issues an order. A place used to hold persons convicted of misdemeanors or persons awaiting trial. In danger of being charged with or convicted of a crime. To unite or combine When two or more people own something and have rights of survivorship. This means that if one person dies, his or her share goes to the other person(s). Illegally taking a vehicle, without intent to deprive the owner permanently of the vehicle,

JUDGE (n) often involving reckless driving. �‫ﻗﺎ ض ي‬ JUDGMENT (n) An elected or appointed public official with ‫اﻟﺤكﻢ؛اﻟﻘﺮار‬ JUDICIAL NOTICE (n) authority to hear and decide cases in a court ‫اﻧتبﺎە ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﺎص بﺎﻻﺷ�ﺎء‬ JURISDICTION (n) of law. �‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ او ﺣﺪود ﻗﻀﺎﺋ�ﺔ؛ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ش�وﻋﺔ ف ي‬ JURISDICTION (n) The judge’s final decision in a case. ‫ﺳﻤﺎع دﻋﻮى واﻟﺤكﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ JUROR (n) JUROR, ALTERNATE (n) A court’s recognition of the truth of basic facts ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻘﻀﺎ ئ يئ‬ JURY (n) without formal evidence. ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ض ي� ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي ضن‬ The legal authority of a court to hear and ‫ﻋﻀﻮ بﺪ�ﻞ ف ي� ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن‬ JURY FOREMAN (n) decide a case. The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. The ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن‬ JURY, HUNG (n) territory, subject matter, or persons over JURY INSTRUCTIONS (n) which lawful authority may be exercised by a ‫رﺋ�ﺲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن‬ court. The study of law and the structure of the legal ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ system. ‫ﺗﻌﻠ�ﻤﺎت ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن‬ A member of the jury. Additional juror chosen in case of sickness or disability of another juror. A group of citizens picked according to law and authorized to decide a case. The juror who is in charge of the jury during deliberations and speaks for the jury in court when announcing the verdict. A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict after a suitable period of deliberation. Directions that the judge gives the jury before it decides a case. They tell the jury what laws apply to that particular case.

JURY TRIAL (n) A trial that is heard and decided by a jury. ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن‬ JUSTIFICATION (n) ‫ﺗ ب��ﺮ ؛ ﻋﺬركﺎف ﻟﻼﻋﻔﺎء‬ A lawful or sufficient reason for one’s acts or JUSTIFIABLE (adj) omissions. ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗ ب��ﺮە؛ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ �ﺸﻔﻊ بﻪ او ﻳ ب�رە‬ JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE (n) Rightful; warranted or sanctioned by law; that ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻤ ب�ر؛ ﻗﺘﻞ �ﺸﻔﻊ بﻪ‬ which can be shown to be sustained by law; as JUVENILE (n) justifiable homicide. �‫ﺣﺪث؛ ﻗﺎ‬ JUVENILE COURT (n) ‫ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاث‬ KIDNAPPING (n) The killing of another human being without criminal intent, for example, an accidental ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻒ‬ KNOWINGLY (adv) shooting, or a killing in the course of self- LACK CAPACITY (v) defense. ‫بﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ او ﻋ� ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻏ ي� ﻗﺎدر ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺎ؛ ﻏ ي� أﻫﻞ‬ LARCENY (n) A person under 18 years of age; a minor. LAWSUIT (n) ‫�ﻗﺔ‬ LEADING QUESTION (n) A court having jurisdiction over cases ‫دﻋﻮى ﻗﻀﺎﺋ�ﺔ‬ LEASE (n) involving children under 18. �‫ﺳﺆال ﺗﻠﻘﻴني ي او اﺳﺘﺪرا � ي‬ LEGAL AID (n) The taking or detaining of a person against his ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ا�ﺠﺎر‬ or her will and without lawful authority. ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ؛ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪم ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻧ�ﺔ‬ With knowledge, willfully or intentionally with respect to a material element of an offense. To lack competency, power or fitness. To be incapable of giving legal consent. To lack the fundamental ability to be accountable for your actions. Stealing or theft. A civil action between two or more persons in the courts of law, not a criminal matter. A question which instructs the witness how to answer or puts words in his mouth. Suggests to the witness the desired answer. An agreement for renting real estate. Professional legal services available usually to persons or organizations unable to afford such services.

LENIENCY (n) Recommendation for a sentence less than the ‫ﻟ ي نن؛ رﻓﻖ او �ﺴﺎﻫﻞ ف ي� اﻟﻘﺮار‬ LEVY (v) maximum allowed. ‫�ﺤﺼﻞ؛ �ﺠب يي ض��بﺔ‬ LEWD CONDUCT (n) To obtain money by legal process through seizure and/or sale of property. ‫ﺳﻠﻮك ﻓﺎﺳﻖ و بﺬيء؛ ﺗ�ف ﻓﺎﺟﺮ او ﻏ ي� ﻋﻔ�ﻒ‬ LIABILITY (n) LIABLE (adj) Behavior that is obscene or indecent. Refers ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟ�ﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬ LIBEL (n) to any act that is sexual in nature, and which ‫ﻣﺴﺆول ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺎ‬ LIE DETECTOR (n) would be considered indecent or shocking to a reasonable person. �‫ﻗﺪح؛ ﻃﻌﻦ؛ �ﺸﻬ ي‬ LIEN (n) ‫آﻟﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟ�ﺬب‬ Legal debts and obligations. LIFE IMPRISONMENT (n) Legally responsible. ‫رﻫﻦ‬ LINEUP (n) False and malicious material that is written or published that harms a person’s reputation. ‫ﺳﺠﻦ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺤ�ﺎة ؛ اﻟﺤكﻢ بﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤ��ﺪ‬ LITIGANT (n) ‫ﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻮﻫ ي نن‬ LITIGATION (n) A machine which records varying emotional LOITERING (n) disturbances when answering questions truly ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎ ض ي�؛ ﺧﺼﻢ او ﻃﺮف ﻣﻨﺎزع ف ي� اﻟﺨﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ or falsely, as indicated by fluctuations in blood ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺿﺎة؛ ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺔ او ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ pressure, respiration, or perspiration. ‫�ﺴﻜﻊ‬ The right to keep a debtor’s property from being sold or transferred until the debtor pays what he/she owes. A sentence where the convicted criminal is ordered to spend the rest of his/her life in prison. A police identification procedure by which the suspect to a crime is presented, along with others, before the victim or witness to determine if the victim or witness can identify the suspect as the person who committed the crime. A party, or side involved in a lawsuit. A case, controversy, or lawsuit. To linger or hang around in a public place or business where a person has no particular purpose. In many states, cities and towns have ordinances against loitering by which the police can arrest someone who refuses to

MAKE OR DRAW UP (v) \"move along.\" ‫ﻳﺆﻟﻒ او ﻳﺮﺳﻢ؛ �ﺤ ض� ﻣﺴﻮدة؛ �ﻜﺘﺐ ض ي� ﻧﻤﻮذج‬ MALICE (n) ‫ﺣﻘﺪ؛ ﻣﻜﺮ او ﺧبﺚ‬ MALICE AFORETHOUGHT (n) To produce in legal form; to prepare; to draft MALICIOUS MISCHIEF n) or compose (a contract, a petition, a ‫ﻣﻜﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ؛ إﺻﺮار ﻣﺒ�ﺖ ﻋ� ﻓﻌﻞ ش ي�ء ﻏ ي� ﻣ ش�وع‬ MALICIOUS PROSECUTION (n) complaint, an answer). ‫اذى ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬ Hatred or hostility of one person toward MALICIOUSLY (adv) another which may lead to doing a wrongful ‫ادﻋﺎء ﻣﺎ�ﺮ؛ ادﻋﺎء ﻛ�ﺪي‬ act without legal justification. MALPRACTICE (n) Intending to kill another person or intending ‫ﺣﺎﻗﺪ؛ ﻣﺎ�ﺮ‬ to do an act with knowledge that it is MANDATE (n) dangerous to human life. ‫ﺳﻮء اﻟﺘ�ف اﻟﻤﻬفي ي ؛ ﺗﻘﺼ ي� ف ي� أداء اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ‬ MANDATORY (adj) Willful destruction of property, from actual ‫اﻣﺮ رﺳ ي� )ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ( و ﻣﻠﺰم‬ MASSIAH MOTION (n) ill will or resentment toward its owner or MATERIAL EVIDENCE (n) possessor. ‫اﻟﺰا ي�؛ اﺟبﺎري‬ ‫طﻠب اﺑﻌﺎد اﻋﺗراﻓﺎت ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ An action with the intention of injuring the defendant and without probable cause, and �‫ﺑيﻨﺔ ﺟﻮﻫ��ﺔ؛ دﻟ�ﻞ اﺳﺎ ي‬ which ends in favor of the person prosecuted. In a way to annoy, or injure another, or an intent to do a wrongful act; it may consist of direct intention to injure, or of reckless disregard of another’s rights. Violation of a professional duty to act with reasonable care and in good faith without fraud or collusion. This term is usually applied to such conduct by doctors, lawyers, or accountants. A judicial command or order proceeding from a court or judicial officer, directing the proper officer to enforce a judgment, sentence, or decree. Required, ordered. A motion to exclude fraudulently obtained confessions. Relevant evidence which tends to influence the judge and/or jury because of its logical connection with the issue.

MATERIAL WITNESS (n) In criminal trial, a witness whose testimony ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ وﺟﻮﻫﺮي‬ is crucial to either the defense or ‫ﺟ��ﻤﺔ �ﺴبﺐ ف ي� ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺠﺰ او �ﺸﻮە داﺋﻢ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ‬ MAYHEM (n) prosecution. MEDIATION (n) ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ او اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺑ ي فن ﻃﺮﻓ ي فن‬ A malicious injury which disables or MEMORANDUM OF COSTS (n) disfigures another. (‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺘكﺎﻟ�ﻒ )اﻟﻤﺼﺎر�ﻒ‬ MEMORIALIZE (v) ‫�ﺪون ﻋﻦ ﻃ��ﻖ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ A process in which people that are having a ‫ﺗﻬﺪ�ﺪ؛ إﯾﻘﺎع اﻻذى‬ MENACE (n) dispute are helped by a neutral person to MENTAL HEALTH (n) communicate so they can reach a settlement ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻠ�ﺔ‬ MENTAL INCAPACITY (n) acceptable to both. ‫اﻧﻌﺪام اﻷاﻫﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻠ�ﺔ‬ MENTAL STATE (n) A certified, itemized statement of the amount ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻠ�ﺔ‬ MERITS (n) of costs after judgment. ‫ﺟﺪارة؛ اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎق؛ أﻫﻠ�ﺔ؛اﻷﺳبﺎب اﻷﺳﺎﺳ�ﺔ اﻟ ت يي ﺗﻨﻄﻮي‬ MINOR (n) To mark by observation in writing. ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻋﻮى‬ MINUTE ORDER (n) A threat; the declaration or show of a ‫ﻗﺎ�؛ ﺣﺪث‬ MIRANDA RIGHTS (n) disposition or determination to inflict an evil ‫وﻗﺎﺋﻊ اﻻواﻣﺮ‬ or injury upon another. �‫ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣ ي�اﻧﺪا؛ اﻃﻼع اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻋ� ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر�ﺔ ف ي‬ MIRANDA WARNING (n) ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗبﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ‬ The wellness of a person’s state of mind. ‫ﺗنﺒ�ﻪ ﻣ ي�اﻧﺪا‬ State of a person being found incapable of understanding and carrying on the everyday affairs of life due to a loss of reasoning faculties. Capacity or condition of one’s mind in terms of ability to do or not to do a certain act. A decision “on the merits” refers to a judgment, decision, or ruling of a court based upon the facts presented in evidence and the law applied to that evidence. A child under the age of 18 years. (See also JUVENILE). Document prepared by the clerk recording the orders of the clerk. Requirement that police tell a person who is arrested or questioned his or her constitutional rights before they question him or her: specifically, the right to remain silent; that any statement made may be used against

MISDEMEANOR (n) him or her; the right to an attorney; and if the ‫ﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬ MISTAKE (n) person cannot afford an attorney, one will be ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ MISTRIAL (n) appointed if he or she desires. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES (n) ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﺷﻠﺔ‬ MITIGATING FACTORS(n) A crime that can be punished by up to one MODIFICATION (n) year in jail. ‫ﻇﺮوف ﻣﺨﻔﻔﺔ )ﻣﻦ �ﺸﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ(؛ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺨﻔ�ﻒ او‬ MOOT ‫ﺗﺨﻔ�ﺾ اﻟﻌﻘ��ﺔ‬ Some unintentional act, omission, or error MORAL TURPITUDE (n) caused by ignorance, surprise, imposition, or ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ او أﺳبﺎب ﺗﺨﻔ�ﺾ اﻟﻌﻘ��ﺔ‬ MOTION (n) misplaced confidence. MOTION DENIED (n) A trial that has been ended and declared void ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴ�ﺪ ؛ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﺤ��ﺮ اﻟﻘﺮار او ﺗبﺪﻟ�ﻠﻪ‬ (of no legal effect) due to prejudicial ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟﺪل ﻋﻘ�ﻤﺔ او ﻏ ي� ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ error in the proceedings or other extraordinary circumstances. �‫ﻓﺴﺎد؛ اﻧﺤﻄﺎط ﺧﻠ ق ي‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ او اﻗ ت�اح‬ Facts which do not constitute a justification or excuse for an offense, but which may be ‫ﻃﻠﺐ او اﻗ ت�اح ﻣﺮﻓﻮض؛ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ او اﻻﻗ ت�اح‬ considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. Facts that do not constitute a justification or excuse for an offense, but which may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. A spoken or written request by one party asking the judge to make a decision or an order on a specific point. A point or question related to a legal case that usually has no practical importance or relevance to the case. A moot point is a point that can’t be resolved by the judge, is not disputed by either side, or is resolved out of court. Immorality. An element of crimes morally bad, as opposed to crimes bad merely because they are forbidden by statute. Oral or written request made by a party to an action before, during, or after a trial asking the judge to issue a ruling or order in that party’s favor. Ruling or order issued by the judge refusing

MOTION GRANTED (n) the party’s request. ‫ﻃﻠﺐ او اﻗ ت�اح ﻣﻘﺒﻮل؛ ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺐ او اﻻﻗ ت�اح‬ MOTION TO QUASH (n) ‫ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻐﺎء؛ﻃﻠﺐ ﺷﻄﺐ او اﺳﻘﺎط‬ MOTION TO SEVER (n) Ruling or order issued by the judge ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ MOTION TO SUPPRESS (n) approving the party’s request. ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻃﻤﺲ‬ MUG SHOT (n) A request to make something null or MURDER (n) ineffective, such as to “quash a subpoena.” ‫ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻮف او اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ MURGIA MOTION (n) NECESSITY (n) A request usually by defense, to have a �‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺪ؛ اﻣﺎﺗﺔ اﻟﻐ ي‬ NEGLECT (n) separate trial as to either jointly tried (‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻮرﺟ�ﺎ )ﻃﻠﺐ اﺧﻼء ﻳﺘﻘﺪم بﻪ ﻣﺤﺎ ي� اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ NEGLIGENCE (n) defendants or jointly charged counts. NEXT FRIEND (n) ‫ض�ورة ؛ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ او ﻟﺰوم‬ A request to suppress as evidence at trial NO TRUE BILL (n) things or statements obtained as a result of an ‫اﻫﻤﺎل؛ ﺗﻐﺎﻓﻞ‬ allegedly illegal search and seizure (commonly �‫اﻫﻤﺎل او ﺗﻘﺼ ي‬ referred to as 1538.5 PC motions.) ‫ﻋﺪ�ﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫اف يﻗ�ﺮدبﻋ)ﻮىﺷ(ﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ Pictures taken after a suspect is taken into ‫اﻷﻫﻠ�ﺔ‬ custody (booked), usually used as an official photograph by police officers. ‫ﻗﺮار ﻋﺪم اﺗﻬﺎم او ﺗﻘﺪ�ﻢ ﺷﻜﻮى‬ The unlawful killing of a human being with deliberate intent to kill. A request made by defense counsel to dismiss based on a group of people being systematically discriminated against. Controlling force; irresistible compulsion; a power or impulse so great that it admits no choice of conduct. Absence of care or attention in the doing or omission of a given act. When someone fails to be as careful as the law requires to protect the rights and property of others A person acting without formal appointment as guardian for the benefit of an infant, a person of unsound mind not judicially declared incompetent, or other person under some disability. Decision by a grand jury not to indict

NO-FAULT PROCEEDINGS (n) A civil case in which parties may resolve their ‫اﺟﺮاءآت ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟ فف�اع ﺑ ي فن اﻷﻃﺮاف ض ي� ﻗﻀ�ﺔ ﻣﺪﻧ�ﺔ‬ dispute without a formal finding of error or ‫ﻟﻌﺪم وﺟﻮد ادﻟﺔ رﺳﻤ�ﺔ ﻟﻠﺬﻧﺐ او اﻟﺨﻄﺎء‬ NOLO CONTENDERE (n) fault. �‫ف ي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻪ؛ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺟﺪال؛ إﻗﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ بﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﺪ‬ NON COMPOS MENTIS (n) Same as pleading guilty, except that your plea ‫ش ي�ء؛ ﻻ اﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﻋ� ﻗﺮار اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ NOT GUILTY cannot be used against you in civil court. This can only be used in traffic or criminal court. ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ؛ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن‬ NOT GUILTY BY REASON OF INSANITY (n) Also called “no contest.” ‫ﻏ ي� ﻣﺬﻧﺐ؛ ﺑﺮيء‬ NOTARY PUBLIC (n) Not of sound mind; insane. ‫ﻏ ي� ﻣﺬﻧﺐ �ﺴبﺐ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن‬ NOTICE (n) NOTICE OF MOTION (n) The form of verdict in criminal cases where ‫كﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﺪل؛ اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻖ اﻟﻌﺎم؛ ﻣﺤﺮر ﻋﻘﻮد‬ NUISANCE (n) the jury acquits the defendant. ‫اﺷﻌﺎر او ﺗنﺒ�ﻪ‬ NULL AND VOID The jury or the judge must determine that the OATH (n) defendant, because of mental disease or ‫اﺷﻌﺎر بﻄﻠﺐ‬ OBJECT (v) defect, could not commit the offense. �‫وازﻋﺎج؛ ﺗﻨﻐ�ﺺ ﻋ� اﻟﻐ ي‬ OBJECTION (n) A person authorized to certify a person’s signature, administer oaths, certify that ‫ﻻغ و�ﺎﻃﻞ‬ OBJECTION OVERRULED (n) documents are authentic, and take ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ او اﻟ�ﻤ ي نن‬ depositions. Written information or warning. For example, ‫�ﻌ ت�ض‬ a notice to the other side that you will make a ‫اﻋ ت�اض؛ رﻓﺾ‬ motion in court on a certain date. A notice to the opposing party that on a ‫اﻋ ت�اض ﻣﺮﻓﻮض؛ رﻓﺾ اﻻﻋ ت�اض‬ certain date a motion will be made in court. That activity which arises from unreasonable, unwarranted or unlawful use by a person of his own property, and producing such material annoyance resulting in damage. Having no force, legal power to bind, or validity. When a witness promises to tell the truth in a legal proceeding. To protest to the court against an act or omission by the opposing party. A formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side tries to introduce in court. A ruling by the court upholding the act or

OBJECTION SUSTAINED (n) omission of the opposing party. ‫اﻋ ت�اض ﻣﻘﺒﻮل؛ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋ� اﻻﻋ ت�اض‬ OFFENDER (n) A ruling by the court in favor of the party ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ؛ ﻣﺬﻧﺐ؛ ﺟﺎن‬ making the objection. ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎك اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن؛ ﺟﺮم‬ OFFENSE (n) One who commits a crime, such as a OFFENSIVE WORDS (n) felony, misdemeanor, or other punishable ‫كﻠﻤﺎت ﻫﺠﻮﻣ�ﺔ؛ كﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺆذ�ﺔ‬ ON A PERSON’S OWN RECOGNIZANCE (n) unlawful act. �‫ﻋ� ﺗﻌﻬﺪە اﻟﺸﺨ ي‬ An act that breaks the law; includes ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣ�ﺔ‬ OPENING ARGUMENT (n) misdemeanors, felonies, and crimes. Language that offends; displeasing or �‫اﻟﺒ�ﺎن اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎ ي‬ OPENING STATEMENT (n) annoying language. ‫رأي؛ وﺣﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ OPINION (n) Release of a person from custody without the ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮة ﺷﻔﻬ�ﺔ‬ ORAL ARGUMENT (n) payment of any BAIL or posting of BOND, ‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ؛ اﻣﺮ او ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺗﺼﺪرە اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ ORDER, COURT – (n) upon the promise to return to court. ORDINARY NEGLIGENCE (n) ‫اﻫﻤﺎل او ﺗﻘﺼ ي� ﻋﺎدي‬ The initial statement made by attorneys for ORDINANCE (n) each side, outlining the facts each intends to ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺤ ي�؛ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ�ﺔ‬ establish during the trial. Same as opening argument A judge’s written explanation of a decision of the court or of a majority of judges. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the decision of the court but offers further comment. The part of the trial when lawyers summarize their position in court and also answer the judge’s questions. (1) Decision of a judicial officer; (2) a directive of the court. The failure to use the degree of care that an ordinary or reasonably prudent person would have used under the circumstances and for which the negligent person is liable. A regulation made by a local government to enforce, control, or limit certain activities.

ORIGINAL JURISDICTION (n) The court in which a matter must first be ‫اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ف ي� اﻟﻨﻈﺮ بﺎﻟﺪﻋﻮى اﺑﺘﺪاء؛ اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ OVERRULE (v) filed. ‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪﺋ�ﺔ‬ OVERT ACT (n) PARALEGAL (n) A judge’s decision not to allow an ‫�ﻠ ض ي� او ﻳبﻄﻞ؛ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬ objection. A decision by a higher court finding ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ اﻟﻨ�ﺔ؛ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬ PARDON (v) that a lower court decision was wrong. ‫ﺷبﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ن يي‬ PARENS PATRIAE (n) An open act showing the intent to commit a PAROLE (n) crime. ‫�ﻌﻔﻮ او �ﺼﻔﺢ‬ PAROLE EVIDENCE (n) A person with legal skills, but who is not an ‫ﻧ�ﺎبﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ )ﺳﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻮﻻ�ﺔ بﺎﻟﺘ�ف بﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ PARTY (n) attorney, and who works under the (‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ supervision of a lawyer or who is otherwise -Aggrieved Party authorized by law to use those legal skills. ‫اﺧﻼء ﺳب�ﻞ ﻣ ش�وط‬ PAT DOWN SEARCH (n) When the chief executive of a state or ‫ اﻟﺸﻔ��ﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺸﻔﻬ�ﺔ‬ PEACE OFFICER (n) country releases a convicted person from the ‫ﻃﺮف؛ اﺣﺪ اﻃﺮاف اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ‬ punishment given him or her by a court sentence. ‫ﻃﺮف ﻣﻈﻠﻮم او ﻣﻌﺘﺪى ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘ�ﺶ بﺎﻟ ت�ﺗ�ﺐ؛ ﺗﻔﺘ�ﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر‬ The power of the state to act in the parents’ place to protect a child or his or her property. ‫رﺟﻞ اﻣﻦ‬ Supervised release of a prisoner that allows the person to serve the rest of the sentence out of prison if all conditions of release are met. Oral or verbal evidence rather than written. One of the sides of a case. The person who started the case is called the plaintiff or defendant. The person being sued is called the defendant or respondent. A person who suffered the prejudice. A limited search of the outer clothing of a person in an attempt to discover weapons which might be used to assault the officer and may be conducted if the officer has a reasonable belief that the detained person is armed and dangerous. Includes sheriffs and their deputies, members of the police force of cities, and other officers whose duty is to enforce and preserve the

PENALTY (n) public peace. ‫ﻋﻘ��ﺔ او ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ‬ -PENALTY ASSESSMENT Punishment for breaking a law. ‫ﺗﻘﻴ�ﻢ اﻟﻌﻘ��ﺔ‬ -PENALTY OF PERJURY - An amount of money added to a fine. ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺰور‬ PENDING -A fine given for lying to the court. ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ؛ ﻗ�ﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ PENITENTIARY (n) ‫إﺻﻼﺣ�ﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاث؛ ﺳﺠﻦ او ﻣﻌﺘﻘﻞ‬ PEOPLE (PROSECUTION) (n) The status of a case that is not yet resolved by ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ او ﺳكﺎن اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ او اﻟﻮﻻ�ﺔ‬ PERJURY (n) the court. ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺰور؛ اﻟﺤﻠﻒ اﻟ�ﺎذب‬ PERMANENCY HEARING (n) A prison or place of confinement where ‫ اﻟﺮﻋﺎ�ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬/‫اﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬ convicted felons are sent to serve out the PERMANENT INJUNCTION (n) term of their sentence. ‫اﻣﺮ زﺟﺮي؛ اﻣﺮ ﺗﻘﻴ�ﺪي داﺋﻢ‬ A state, for example, the People of the State PERMANENT RESIDENT (n) of Ohio. ‫اﻟﻤﻘ�ﻢ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬ A false statement made on purpose while PERSON IN NEED OF SUPERVISION (n) under oath in a court proceeding. ‫ﺷﺨﺺ بﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻼ ش�اف او ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗبﺔ‬ The hearing for children placed in or awaiting PERSONAL PROPERTY (n) placement in foster care who were under age ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻠ�ﺎت ﺷﺨﺼ�ﺔ‬ PERSONAL RECOGNIZANCE (n) three at the time of detention, and for all �‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﺨ ي‬ children, to monitor the welfare of the child, evaluate the parents’ reunification efforts and establish a permanent plan for the child. A court order requiring that some action be taken, or that some party refrain from taking action. It differs from forms of temporary relief, such as a TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER or PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION. A person's resident status in a country of which they are not citizens. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such status is known as a permanent resident. Juvenile found to have committed a status offense (such as habitual truancy, violating a curfew, or running away from home). These are not crimes, but they might be enough to place a child under supervision. Things that you own and can move, like furniture, equipment, or paintings. Pre-trial release based on the person’s promise that he or she will appear for

PETITION (n) trial (no bond required). Also referred to as ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎس‬ release on own recognizance or ROR. (See ON PETITIONER (n) A PERSON’S OWN RECOGNIZANCE.) ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻤﺲ‬ PETTY OFFENSE (n) (‫ دوﻻر ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ‬500 ‫إﺳﺎءة ﺻﻐ ي�ة؛ ﺟﺮم �ﺴ�ﻂ )اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ A court paper that asks the court to take PETTY THEFT (n) action. For example, in juvenile cases, the ‫�ﻗﺔ ﺻﻐ ي�ة‬ Petition starts the court case. (See MOTION.) PLAINTIFF (n) ‫اﻟﻤﺪ ي�؛ ﻣﻘﻢ اﻟﺪﻋﻮى‬ PLEA (n) A person who presents a petition to the court ‫رد اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺟﻮاﺑ�ﺔ‬ PLEA BARGAIN (n) An offense for which the authorized ‫ﻣﺴﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋ� رد اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ PLEAD GUILTY OR INNOCENT (v) penalty does not exceed imprisonment for 3 ‫ﻳﺮد او �ﺠ�ﺐ ﻋ� اﻻﺗﻬﺎم اﻣﺎ بﺎﻻﻋ ت�اف بﺎﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ او ﻧﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬ PLEADING (v) months or a fine of $500. (‫�ﻘﺪم ﺑ�ﺎﻧﺎ )ﻛﺘﺎﺑ�ﺎ‬ Police custody (n) The act of taking and carrying away the ‫ش�ﻃﺔ ﺣﺠﺰ ﻗﻀﺎﺋ�ﺔ؛ ش�ﻃﺔ اﻋﺘﻘﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ POSSESSION OF DRUGS (n) personal property of another of a value ‫ﺣ�ﺎزة اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬ POSTPONEMENT (n) usually below $100.00 with the intent to POWER OF ATTORNEY (n) deprive the owner of it permanently. ‫ﺗﺄﺧ ي� او ﺗﺄﺟ�ﻞ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ؛ ارﺟﺎء‬ PRECEDENT (n) �‫وكﺎﻟﺔ؛ ﺗﻔ��ﺾ او ﺗﻮﻛ�ﻞ رﺳ ي‬ The person or company that files a lawsuit. (‫ﺳﺎبﻘﺔ )ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ�ﺔ‬ In a criminal case, the defendant’s statement pleading “guilty” or “not guilty” in answer to the charges. An agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant. It lets the defendant plead guilty to a less serious charge, if the court approves. To admit or deny committing a crime. Written statements filed with the court that describe a party’s legal or factual claims about the case and what the party wants from the court. Anytime the police deprive you of your freedom of action in a significant way. The presence of illegal drugs on the accused for recreational use or for the purpose to sell. To put off or delay a court hearing. Formal authorization of a person to act in the interest of another person. A court decision in an earlier case that the

PREJUDICE (n) court uses to decide similar or new cases. ‫ﺗﺤ ي ن� ﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ؛ ﺗﻌﺼﺐ ﻟ ش ي�ء؛ ﻣ�ﻞ ﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ آﺧﺮ‬ PREJUDICIAL ERROR (n) ‫ﺧﻄﺄ؛ ﻏﻠﻂ او ﺧﻠﻞ ﺿﺎر ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ض ي� ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ‬ PREJUDICIAL EVIDENCE (n) When an act or decision affects a person’s rights in a negative way. ‫ﺑيﻨﺔ ﺿﺎرة‬ PRELIMINARY HEARING (n) ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺔ أوﻟ�ﺔ او ﺗﻤﻬ�ﺪ�ﺔ‬ A mistake that is made in handling a trial PREMEDITATION (n) resulting in harm to the complaining party. ‫ﺳﺒﻖ اﻹ�ار‬ PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE (n) ‫رﺟﺤﺎن اﻟﺪﻟ�ﻞ او اﻟﺒيﻨﺔ‬ Evidence which might unfairly sway the ‫اﻟﺘﻘ��ﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻻﺻﺪار اﻟﺤكﻢ‬ PRESENTENCE REPORT (n) judge or jury to one side or the other. ‫اﻓ ت�اض او ﻓﺮﺿ�ﺔ؛ اﺳتﻨﺘﺎج‬ PRESUMPTION (n) The hearing available to a person charged ‫اﻓ ت�اض اﻟ ب�اءة‬ PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE (n) with a felony to determine if there is enough evidence (probable cause) to hold him/her for ‫اﻟﺮﺋ�ﺲ او اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؛ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ PRINCIPAL (n) trial. ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻮا او ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮا اﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ‬ PRINCIPALS (n) The planning of a crime before the crime takes place. To win a civil case, the plaintiff has to prove that most of the evidence is on his or her side. A report prepared by the probation department for the judge when sentencing a defendant. It describes defendant’s background: financial, job, and family status; community ties; criminal history; and facts of the current offense. An assumption that a proposition or fact is true or false but not yet proven. Principle of criminal law that a person is innocent of a crime until proven guilty. The government has the burden of proving every element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt and the defendant has no burden to prove his innocence. The source of authority or right. Persons who are involved in committing or attempting to commit a crime. Includes those who directly and actively commit or attempt to commit the crime, or those who assist (aid and abet) in the commission or attempted

PRIORS (n) commission of the crime. ‫ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ؛ اداﻧﺎت ﺳﺎبﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT (n) ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎر�ﺔ؛ ﺑ�ﺎﻧﺎت ﺳﺎبﻘﺔ‬/‫إﻓﺎدات او ﺷﻬﺎدات ﺳﺎبﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬ Previous conviction(s) of the accused. PRISON (n) ‫ﻏ ي� ﻣنﺴﺠﻤﺔ‬ Prior statements made by the witness which ‫ﺳﺠﻦ؛ ﻣكﺎن اﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬ PRIVACY, RIGHT OF (n) contradict statements the witness made on PRIVILEGE (n) the witness stand. ‫ﺣﻖ ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ�ﺎت‬ PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS (n) ‫ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬ A federal or state public building or other Pro se (adj) place for the confinement of persons. Also ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ��ﺔ‬ PROBABLE CAUSE (n) known as penitentiary, penal institution, adult PROBATE COURT (n) correctional institution, or jail. ‫�ﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ اﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺤكﻤﺔ‬ PROBATION (n) ‫ﺳبﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ او ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬ The right to be left alone; the right of a ‫ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ي�اث؛ ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﺛبﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﺎ�ﺎ‬ PROBATION OFFICER (n) person to be free from unwarranted publicity. ‫ﻓ ت�ة اﺧﺘبﺎر‬ An advantage not enjoyed by all; a special exemption from prosecution or other ‫ﺿﺎبﻂ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗبﺔ اﺛﻨﺎء ﻓ ت�ة اﻻﺧﺘبﺎر‬ lawsuits. (See also IMMUNITY.) Confidential communications to certain persons that are protected by law against any disclosure, including forced disclosure in legal proceedings. Communications between lawyer and client, physician and patient, psychotherapist and patient, priest, minister, or rabbi and penitent are typically privileged. When a person represents him/herself in court without a lawyer. A good reason to believe that a crime has or is being committed; the basis for all lawful searches, seizures, and arrests. The court with authority to deal with the estates of people who have died. A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases a convicted defendant under supervision of a probation officer who makes certain that the defendant follows certain rules, for example, gets a job, gets drug counseling. One who supervises a person placed on probation and is required to report the

PRO BONO (adj) progress and to surrender them if they violate ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺎ و�ﺪون ﻣﻘﺎبﻞ‬ PROMISSORY NOTE (n) the terms and conditions of the probation. ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻄ�ﺔ؛ كﻤﺒ�ﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺛبﺎت او ﺑﺮﻫﺎن؛ ﺣﺠﺔ بﺎﺗﺔ‬ PROOF (n) Legal work done for free. PROOF OF SERVICE (n) ‫ﺑﺮﻫﺎن �ﺴﻠ�ﻢ‬ A written document that says a person PROSECUTING ATTORNEY (n) promises to pay money to another. ‫ﻣﺤﺎ ي� اﻻدﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﺎم‬ PROSECUTION (n) Any fact or evidence that leads to a judgment ‫اﻻدﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﺎم‬ of the court. PROSECUTOR (n) ‫اﻟﻤﺪ ي� اﻟﻌﺎم‬ A form filed with the court that proves that PROTECTIVE ORDER (n) court papers were properly delivered to ‫اﻣﺮ وﻗﺎ ئ يئ او ﺣﻤﺎ�ﺔ‬ Prove someone. ‫ﻳثبﺖ او ﻳ ب�ﻫﻦ ﻋ� ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟ ش ي�ء‬ PUBLIC DEFENDER (n) PUNITIVE DAMAGES (n) A public officer who prosecutes criminal cases (‫ﻣﺤﺎم دﻓﺎع ﻋﺎم )ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ for the state. See PROSECUTOR and DISTRICT ‫ﺗﻌ��ﻀﺎت ﺟﺰاﺋ�ﺔ او ﻋﻘﺎﺑ�ﺔ‬ QUASH ATTORNEY. QUID PRO QUO (n) ‫�ﻠ ف ي�؛ �ﻔﺴﺦ؛ �ﺸﻄﺐ؛ ﻳبﻄﻞ‬ Questioning (of witnesses) The party that starts a criminal case and files ‫اﻟ ش ي� بﺎﻟ ش ي�ء؛ ش ي�ء ﻣﻘﺎبﻞ ش ي�ء آﺧﺮ‬ RAP SHEET (n) criminal charges. A common name for the state’s side of the case. (‫اﺳﺘﺠﻮاب )اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ورﻗﺔ ﺗﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺘﺎر�ــﺦ اﻟﺠﻨﺎ ئ يئ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ؛ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ A trial lawyer representing the government in a criminal case and the interests of the state in civil matters. A court order to protect a person from further harassment, service of process, or discovery. To demonstrate the truth or existence of (something) by evidence or argument. A lawyer picked by the court to represent a defendant who cannot afford a lawyer. Money awarded to an injured person, over and above the measurable value of the injury, in order to punish the person who hurt him/her. To overthrow, to vacate, to annul or to make void a decision. Something for something; giving one valuable thing for another. The action of asking questions. A written summary of a person’s criminal

RAPE (n) history. ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺎ ئ يئ‬ ‫اﻏﺘﺼﺎب‬ RE (prep) Unlawful intercourse with an individual REAL EVIDENCE (n) without his/her consent. REAL PROPERTY (n) In the matter of; in the case of. ‫ﻓ�ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ؛ بﺨﺼﻮص؛ �ﺸﺄن‬ REASONABLE DOUBT, BEYOND A ‫ﺑيﻨﺔ ﺣﻘ�ﻘ�ﺔ؛ اﺛبﺎت راﺳﺦ‬ Evidence given to explain, repel, counteract, REBUTTAL (n) or disprove facts given in evidence by the adverse party. RECEIVING STOLEN PROPERTY Land and buildings. ‫ﻋﻘﺎر‬ RECIDIVISM (n) ‫دون أي ﺷﻚ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل؛ ﻻ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻓ�ﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﻚ؛ بﻤﺎ ﻻ �ﻘبﻞ‬ The degree of certainty required for a juror to RECKLESS DRIVING (n) legally find a criminal defendant guilty. ‫اﻟﺸﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺾ او ﺗﻔﻨ�ﺪ؛ رد‬ RECORD (n) Evidence presented at trial by one party in REDACT (v) order to overcome evidence introduced by ‫اﺳﺘﻼم أﻣﻼك ﻣ�وﻗﺔ‬ REDACT (n) another party. REDRESS (n) Offense of receiving any property with the �‫اﻻﻧﺘكﺎﺳ�ﺔ او ﻧﺰﻋﺔ اﻻرﺗﺪاد )و�ﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻻﺟﺮام(؛ اﻹدﻣﺎن ﻋ‬ REFEREE (n) knowledge that it has been unlawfully taken, ‫اﻻﺟﺮام‬ stolen, extorted, obtained, embezzled, or RELEVANT (n) disposed of. ‫ﻗ�ﺎدة ﻣﺘﻬﻮرة او ﻃﺎ�ﺸﺔ؛ ﻗ�ﺎدة ﺳ�ﺎرة ﻣﺴﺘﻬ ت�ة‬ RELINQUISHMENT (n) The continued, habitual, or compulsive breaking the law after having been convicted ‫ﺳﺠﻞ او ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻘﻀ�ﺔ او اﻟﺪﻋﻮى‬ of prior offenses. ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺢ؛ �ﺼ�غ؛ �ﺤﺮر‬ Operation of a motor vehicle that shows a reckless disregard of possible consequences ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ؛ ﺻ�ﺎﻏﺔ؛ ﺗﺤ��ﺮ‬ and indifference of others’ rights. The official papers that make up a court case. To adapt, edit, or remove information for public record To set right; to remedy; to compensate; to ‫اﻧﺼﺎف او ﺗﻘ��ﻢ؛ اﺻﻼح؛ ﺗﻌﺪ�ﻞ‬ remove the causes of a grievance. ‫ﻣﺤ �كﻢ؛ ﺣكﻢ‬ A person appointed by the court to hear and ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ي�؛اﺛبﺎت او ﺑيﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋ�ﺔ‬ make decisions on limited legal matters, like ‫ﺗﻨﺎزل او ﺗﺨﻞ؛ ﺗﺮك‬ juvenile or traffic offenses. Evidence that helps to prove a point or issue in a case. The abandoning, renouncing, or giving over of

REMAND (v) a right. ‫�ﻌ�ﺪ؛ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ؛ �ﺄﻣﺮ ﺑ�ﻋﺎدة او ارﺟﺎع‬ REMEDY (n) ‫ﻋﻼج ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ‬ REMOVAL (n) (1) The act of an appellate court that sends a case to a lower court for further proceedings; ‫ﻧﻘﻞ )ﻗﻀ�ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ ا� أﺧﺮى(؛ ﺗﺤ��ﻞ‬ REPLY (n) (2) to return a prisoner to custody. REPORT (n) ‫ﻳﺮد او �ﺠ�ﺐ‬ RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR (n) The means by which a right is enforced or the �‫ﺗﻘ��ﺮ او ﺑ�ﺎن رﺳ ي‬ violation of a right is prevented, redressed or \"‫ﻓﻠ�ﺠﺐ اﻟﺴ�ﺪ؛ ﻣبﺪاء \"اﻟﺴ�ﺪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول‬ RESPONDENT (n) compensated. ‫اﻟﻤﺪ� ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ REST (v) The transfer of a state case to federal court RESTITUTION (n) for trial; in civil cases, because the parties are ‫�ﻜﺘ ف ي� بﻤﺎ ﻗﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺞ‬ RESTRAINING ORDER (n) from different states; in criminal and some ‫رد او إﻋﺎدة؛ ﺗﻌ��ﺾ‬ civil cases, because there is a significant ‫اﻣﺮ زﺟﺮي او ﺗﻘﻴ�ﺪي‬ possibility that there could not be a fair trial in state court. The response by a party to charges raised in a pleading by the other party. An official or formal statement of facts or proceedings. “Let the master answer.” The doctrine which holds that employers are responsible for the acts and omissions of their employees and agents, when done within the scope of the employees’ duties. The person who answers the original Petition. Even if you later file an action of your own in that case, you are still the respondent for as long as the case is open. When a party in a case has presented all the evidence it intends to offer. Giving something back to its owner. Or, giving the owner something with the same value, like paying to fix his or her property . A court order that tells a person to stop doing something for a certain amount of time,

RETAINER (n) usually until a court hearing is held. ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻛ�ﻞ‬ RETALIATION (n) Act of the client employing the attorney or ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎم؛ اﻟﺮد بﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬ REUNIFICATION SERVICES (n) counsel. Also, the fee the client pays when he ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻟﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﻞ‬ REVERSE (v) or she retains the attorney to act for him or REVOKE (v) her. ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺾ‬ ROBBERY (n) �‫ﻳبﻄﻞ او �ﻐ ي‬ The act of harming someone in response to an (‫�ﻗﺔ ) ﻋﻦ ﻃ��ﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮة‬ RULE (n) injury that he/she has caused another. RULES OF EVIDENCE (n) ‫ﻧﻈﺎم؛ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ Services that help parents get their children ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟ ب�اﻫ ي نن او اﻻدﻟﺔ‬ Ruling (n) back after they are taken away. SANCTION (n) ‫ﺣكﻢ؛ ﻗﺮار‬ An action of a higher court in overturning a ‫ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﺟﺰاﺋ�ﺔ‬ SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT (n) lower court decision. ‫اﻹ�ﻔﺎء بﺎﻟﺤكﻢ‬ SEALING (n) To change or take back. SEARCH AND SEIZURE (n) ‫ﺧﺘﻢ واﻏﻼق اﻟﺴﺠﻼت‬ The act of taking money, personal property, or (�‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘ�ﺶ واﻟﻘبﺾ )ﻋ‬ SEARCH WARRANT (n) any other article of value that is in the possession of another by means of force or ‫أﻣﺮ او ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺗﻔﺘ�ﺶ‬ fear. An established standard, guide, or regulation. Standards governing whether information can be admitted and considered in a civil or criminal case. A court decision. Penalty meant to make someone obey the law. For example, a judge can order someone to pay for not following court orders. Payment of a judgment amount by the losing party. The closure of court records, except to the parties involved. When a person or place is searched and evidence useful in the investigation and prosecution of a crime is taken. The search is conducted after an order is issued by a judge. A written order by a judge that permits a law

SELF-DEFENSE (n) enforcement officer to search a specific place ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ او ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ (such as an apartment or a car) to find specific SELF-INCRIMINATION (n) people or things (such as a weapon, or ‫ﺗﺠ��ﻢ اﻟﺬات‬ SENTENCE (n) controlled narcotics). A judge can order a ‫ﺣكﻢ بﺎﻟﻌﻘ��ﺔ‬ SENTENCE REPORT (n) search warrant when there is probable cause (that is, a good reason to believe that a crime ‫ﺑ�ﺎن اﻟﺤكﻢ‬ SENTENCE, CONCURRENT (n) has or is being committed). ‫اﺣكﺎم ﻣ ت ن�اﻣﻨﺔ‬ SENTENCE, CONSECUTIVE (n) ‫اﺣكﺎم ﻣﺘﺘﺎبﻌﺔ‬ The use of reasonable force to protect oneself SENTENCE, SUSPENDED (n) or members of the family from bodily harm ‫ﺣكﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ from the attack of an aggressor, if the SENTENCING (n) defender has reason to believe he/she/they ‫اﺻﺪار اﻟﺤكﻢ‬ SEPARATION (n) is/are in danger. ‫اﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬ Making statements or producing evidence which tend to prove that the speaker is guilty of a crime. A judge’s formal pronouncement of the punishment to be given to a person convicted of a crime. A document containing background material on a convicted person. It is prepared to guide the judge in the imposition of a sentence. Sometimes called a PRE-SENTENCE REPORT. Two or more sentences of jail time to be served at the same time. Two or more sentences of jail time to be served one after the other. A sentence postponed in which the defendant is not required to serve time unless he or she commits another crime or violates a court- imposed condition. The hearing where the court announces a person’s punishment (sentence). An arrangement where a husband and wife live apart from each other while remaining

SEQUESTRATION OF WITNESSES (n) married either by mutual consent or by a (‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺸﻬﻮد )ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ او ﺳﻤﺎع اﻟﺸﻬﻮد‬/‫ﻋﺰل‬ judicial order. SERVE A SENTENCE (v) ‫�ﻘ ض ي� ﺣكﻤ �ﺎ‬ SERVICE (n) Keeping all witnesses (except plaintiff and (‫ﺗبﻠﻴﻎ؛ �ﺴﻠ�ﻢ )أوراق‬ SERVICE OF PROCESS (n) defendant) out of the courtroom except for their time on the stand and cautioning them ‫ﺗبﻠﻴﻎ اﻻﺟﺮاء‬ SETTLEMENT (n) not to discuss their testimony with other SEVERANCE DAMAGES (n) witnesses. Also called separation of ‫�ﺴ��ﺔ او ﺗﺼﻔ�ﺔ‬ SEXUAL ABUSE / ASSAULT (n) witnesses. This prevents a witness from being ‫ﺗﻌ��ﺾ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ SEXUAL BATTERY (n) influenced by the testimony of another SEXUAL HARASSMENT (n) witness. �‫اﻋﺘﺪاء ﺟن ي‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺪاء ﺟن ي� بﺎﻟ ض�ب‬ SEXUAL MOLESTATION (n) To spend a required amount of time in a SHOPLIFTING (n) designated location such as a prison as �‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮش اﻟﺠن ي‬ punishment for the crime committed. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮش اﻟﺠن ي� اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻼت اﻟﺘﺠﺎر�ﺔ‬ The delivery of a copy of the court papers to a party in person or by mail. The delivery of legal papers to the opposing party. The papers must be delivered by an adult aged 18 or older who is not involved in the case and who swears to the date and method of delivery to the recipient. When both sides reach an agreement that solves the case before the judge or jury makes a decision. Compensation to any person who has suffered an economic loss as a consequence of being removed from employment. Unlawful sexual contact with another person. The forced penetration of or contact with another person’s sexual organs. Sexual words, conduct, or action (usually repeated and persistent) that, being directed at a specific person, annoys, alarms, or causes substantial emotional distress in that person. Illegal sex acts performed against a minor by an adult. Taking and concealing merchandise from a

SHOW CAUSE (v) store or business without paying the purchase (‫ﻳﺒ ي نن اﻻﺳبﺎب اﻟﻤﻮﺟبﺔ )ﻟﺤﺼﻮل ش ي� او ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬ SIDEBAR (n) price. ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺟﺎﻧب يي‬ SLANDER (n) SMALL CLAIMS COURT (n) To appear in court and present evidence why ‫ﻗﺬف؛ اﻓ ت�اء؛ �ﺸ��ﻪ‬ SOLICITATION (n) the orders requested by the other side should ‫ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎ�ﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ STANDARD OF PROOF (n) not be granted or carried out. ‫إ�ﺠﺎد ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ ﻟ�ﻘﻮم بﺎرﺗكﺎب اﻟﺠ��ﻤﺔ‬ STATEMENT, CLOSING (n) When the judge and lawyers talk, usually in ‫ث�وط اﻻﺛبﺎت‬ STATEMENT, OPENING (n) the courtroom, out of hearing of the jury and spectators. �‫اﻟﺒ�ﺎن اﻟﺨﺘﺎ ي‬ �‫اﻟﺒ�ﺎن اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎ ي‬ Defamation of a person’s character or reputation through false or malicious oral statements. See DEFAMATION. A court that handles civil claims for $5,000 or less. People often represent themselves rather than hire an attorney. Getting someone else to commit a crime. There are essentially three standards of proof applicable in most court proceedings. In criminal cases, the offense must be proven BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT, the highest standard. In civil cases and neglect and dependency proceedings, the lowest standard applies by a mere PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE, (more likely than not). In some civil cases, and in juvenile proceedings such as a permanent termination of parental rights, an intermediate standard applies, proof by CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE. The final statements by the attorneys to the jury or court summarizing the evidence that they have established and the evidence that the other side has failed to establish. Also known as CLOSING ARGUMENT. Outline or summary of the nature of the case and of the anticipated proof presented by the attorney to the jury before any evidence is submitted. Also known as OPENING ARGUMENT.

STATEMENT OF FACT (n) Any written or oral declaration of facts in a ‫ﺑ�ﺎن اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ STATUS OFFENDERS (n) case. ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔ ي فن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ STATUTE (n) Youths charged with being beyond the ‫� ش��ــﻊ‬ STATUTORY (n) control of their legal guardian or who are �‫� ش�� ي‬ regularly disobedient, absent from school, or �‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟت ش�� ي‬ STATUTORY LAW (n) have committed other acts that would not be a STATUTORY RAPE (n) crime if committed by an adult. They are not ‫دون اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ كﺎن اوكﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻘ�ﺎ�ﻧﻤﻮ ضﺔييا بﻻﺗﻐﺼﺎﺾ الﻟاﻨﻟﻈﺠنﺮ ﻋ يﻤ�ﺎ اﻣذﻊا‬ delinquents, but are persons (including minors �‫اﻟﻘﺎ‬ ‫كﺎن ذﻟﻚ بﻘﺒﻮل‬ STAY (n) or children) in need of supervision, depending STRICKEN EVIDENCE (n) on the state in which they live. Status (‫إ�ﻘﺎف )اﺟﺮاء ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ف يي‬ offenders are placed under the supervision of STRIKE (v) the juvenile court. (See PERSON IN NEED OF ‫ادﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﻄ��ﺔ‬ STRIKE (n) SUPERVISION.) ‫�ﺸﻄﺐ؛ ﻳ��ﻞ‬ SUBPOENA (n) A law passed by Congress or a state ‫ﺷﻄﺐ؛ ازاﻟﺔ‬ legislature. ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﺣﻀﺎر‬ Relating to a statute; created, defined, or required by a statute. Law enacted by the legislative branch of government, as distinguished from CASE LAW or COMMON LAW The unlawful sexual intercourse with a person under an age set by statute, regardless of whether he/she consents to the act. The act of stopping a judicial proceeding by order of the court. Evidence that has been removed from the official record. (1) To delete or remove. (2) To dismiss an allegation before sentencing. A prior conviction of serious felony that is charged as a prior allegation, e.g. a second strike, or third strike. An official order to go to court at a certain time. Subpoenas are commonly used to tell witnesses to come to court to testify in a trial.

SUE (v) To begin legal proceedings against another �‫�ﻘﺎ ض ي‬ SUIT (n) person or entity. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺿﺎة‬ Any proceeding by one person or persons ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء رﺳ ي� ﻟﻠﻤﺜﻮل اﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ against another person or entity in a court of law. ‫�ﻌﻠﻖ؛ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫�ﺴﺎﻧﺪ؛ ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ‬ SUMMONS (n) 1) A notice to a defendant that he or she has been sued or charged with a crime and is ‫�ﻘﺴﻢ‬ required to appear in court. (2) A jury ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮس؛ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس‬ summons requires the person receiving it to report for possible jury duty. ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ زﺟﺮي او ﺗﻘﻴ�ﺪي ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ SUSPEND (v) To postpone, stay, or withhold certain conditions of a judicial sentence for a ‫�ﺸﻬﺪ‬ temporary period of time. ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة؛ اﻓﺎدة ﺷﻔﻬ�ﺔ او ﺧﻄ�ﺔ‬ SUSTAIN (v) To maintain, to affirm, to approve. ‫ﻃﺮف ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة ﻋﻘ��ﺔ ﻣﻘﻀ�ﺔ‬ SWEAR (v) To declare in court that something is true. TANGIBLE (Adj) When something can be perceived, especially through the sense of touch. TEMPORARY RELIEF (n) Any form of action by a court granting one of the parties an order to protect its interest pending further action by the court. TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER or TRO A temporary order of a court to keep (n) conditions as they are (like not taking a child out of the county or not selling marital property) until there can be a hearing in which both parties are present TESTIFY (v) To give evidence under oath as a witness in a court proceeding. TESTIMONY (n) Oral evidence at a trial or during a deposition. THIRD-PARTY (n) A person, business, or government agency not actively involved in a legal proceeding, agreement, or transaction. TIME SERVED (n) A sentence given by the court to a convicted criminal equal to the amount of time that the criminal was incarcerated during the

TORT (n) trial. ‫ض�ر‬ TORTURE (v) When a person is hurt because someone did ‫�ﻌﺬب؛ �ﻌﺮض ﺷﺨﺺ ﻻﻟﻢ ﺟﺴﺪي‬ TORTURE (n) not do what he or she was supposed to do. ‫ﺗﻌﺬ�ﺐ‬ TRAFFIC COURT (n) The most common tort action is when TRANSCRIPT (n) people sue for damages as a result of an ‫ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺮور�ﺔ‬ accident. ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻤﺪون‬ TRESPASSING (n) TRIAL (n) To inflict intense pain to body or mind for �‫ﺗﻌﺪي؛ اﻧﺘﻬﺎك ﺣﺮﻣﺔ اﻟﻐ ي‬ purposes of punishment, or to extract a ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ‬ TRIAL COURT (n) confession or information, or for sadistic TRIAL, COURT (BENCH) (n) pleasure. ‫ﻣﺤكﻤﺔ اﻟبﺪا�ﺔ‬ A specialized court that hears crimes ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺋ�ﺔ‬ TRIAL, SPEEDY (n) dealing with traffic offenses. ‫ﻣﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ‬ TRUE BILL (n) A written record of everything that is said ‫اﺗﻬﺎم ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‬ TRUE FINDING (n) in a hearing or trial. �‫إ�ﺠﺎد ﺣﻘ� ق ي‬ UNDERCOVER (Adj) Unlawful entry into another person’s ‫�ي‬ property. A court process in which the issues of fact and law are decided according to legal procedures so a judge or jury can make a decision. The first court to consider a case. Compare APPELLATE COURT. A trial where the jury is waived and the case is seen before the judge alone. The Sixth Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the accused a trial as soon as possible in accordance with prevailing rules, regulations and proceedings of law. The indictment made by a grand jury when it finds sufficient evidence for trial on the charge alleged The juvenile court equivalent of a guilty verdict. Participating in a secret investigation in

UNDER THE INFLUENCE (Prep phrase) order to acquire information about the �‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ي‬ UNEMPLOYMENT (n) crime without the other party realizing ‫اﻟبﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ UNLAWFUL DETAINER (n) his/her identity. ‫اﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﻏ ي� ﻣ ش�وع‬ VACATE (v) Any abnormal mental or physical condition �‫ﻳبﻄﻞ؛ �ﻠ � ي‬ that results from alcohol or drug use. ‫ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﺎ�ﻤﺔ‬ Condition of not being employed. �‫اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ئ يئ ﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي ضن او اﻟﻘﺎ ض ي‬ Conduct of a tenant who refuses to leave ‫ﺿﺤ�ﺔ‬ an apartment or leased premises after the ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎك؛ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ end of the lease. ‫اﺳﺘﺠﻮاب اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔ ي فن ﻟﻐﺮض اﻻﺧﺘ�ﺎر‬ To annul/ cancel (a judgement or a ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻻرادي اﻟﻐ ي� ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬ contract; to set aside. (‫ﻳتﻨﺎزل )ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق‬ VENUE (n) The court where you can file your legal ‫ﺗﻨﺎزل ﻋﻦ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬ VERDICT (n) action. VICTIM (n) ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺗﻔ��ﺾ ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ‬ VIOLATION (n) A jury’s or a judge’s final decision. VOIR DIRE (n) A person who is the object of a crime or civil VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER (n) illegal behavior. WAIVE (RIGHTS) (v) The breaking of a right, duty, or law. WAIVER OF IMMUNITY (n) The process of questioning potential jurors to WARRANT (n) choose which people will be part of the jury and decide a case. A killing committed voluntarily during a heated moment, during a sudden quarrel, for instance if two persons fight, and one of them kills the other. To give up a legal right voluntarily, intentionally, and with full knowledge of the consequences. Occurs when witnesses, before testifying or producing evidence, give up the right to refuse to testify against themselves, making it possible for their testimony to be used against them in future proceedings. A court order telling a law enforcement officer to do something.

WARRANT, ARREST (n) A court order telling a law enforcement ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺗﻮﻗ�ﻒ‬ WARRANT, SEARCH (n) officer to arrest and bring before the court ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺗﻔﺘ�ﺶ‬ the person accused of an offense. WEAPON (n) ‫ﺳﻼح‬ WEAPON, CONCEALED (n) A written order directing a law enforcement ‫ﺳﻼح ﻣﺤﺠﻮب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ WEAPON, DEADLY (n) officer to conduct a search of a specified WILL (n) place and to seize any evidence directly ‫ﺳﻼح ﻗﺎﺗﻞ او ﻓﺘﺎك‬ related to the criminal offense. ‫وﺻ�ﺔ‬ WILLFUL (Adj) WITHOUT PREJUDICE (adv) An instrument used to threaten, injure or kill ‫بﻘﺼﺪ؛ بﻌﻤﺪ‬ WITNESS (n) v someone. ‫رد ﻏ ي� ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻮى‬ WITNESS (v) A weapon that is carried by a person, but that ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ WORK PROJECT (n) is not visible by ordinary observation. WRIT (n) ‫�ﺪ ي� �ﺸﻬﺎدة‬ n Any item that can used to produce death or serious bodily injury. ‫ﻣ ش�وع ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ‬ A legal paper that says what a person wants to happen to his or her personal property after the person dies. A will can be changed or cancelled at any time before a person dies. (See TESTAMENT.) A “willful” act is an act done intentionally, as opposed to an act done carelessly or accidentally. If your case is dismissed without prejudice it means that you can bring another suit based on the same legal issue. 1. A person called to testify about what he or she saw, heard, or knows. 1. To see an event (such as a crime or accident) take place. . 2. To sign your name on a document to prove that it is authentic (for instance, on a will). A program allowing the sentenced person the option to work instead of going to jail. A court order that says a certain action must

WRIT OF EXECUTION (n) be taken. ‫اﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﺎ ئ يئ بﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔ�ﺬ‬ A court order that tells a sheriff or other official to enforce a judgment.