Health science flipbook nandikonda (1)

Health science flipbook By ROHIT NANDIKONDA

Integumentary Definition:The skin is used to protect the body from forgien pathogens and helps clear the body's waste products and maintain homeostasis Structures ● Nails- made of hard keratin ● Hair- made of fibers composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin ● Arrector Pili- bundle of small fibers that contract, cause goosebumps ● Sweat gland- a group of cells that secrete sweat out of the body ● Epidermis- the outermost layer of the skin ● Basal Layer- the deepest layer of epidermis ● Dermis- the middle layer made of connective tissue ● Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) The deepest layer of skin ● Keratin- a fibrous water repellent protein ● Mucus Membrane- Lines the body cavity and protects us (eyes/nose/mouth) Diseases ● Eczema:Inflammatory skin condition ● Dermatitis:inflammation of the skin which is cause by an irritating substance ● Chicken pox:Highly contagious viral infection caused by a blister rash ● acne:A skin condition that happens when hair follicles plug with oil,and dead skin cells Careers ● Dermatologist:Doctor who expertises in skin diseases ● Oncologist: doctor who expertises in cancer Vocab :derm/o,kerat/o,xer/o,pil/o,xanth/o,mcy/o,pil/o,lip/o,albin/o,onych/o

Muskuloskeletal definition :Includes all the bones and muscles in the body.Also allows movement and provides structure. Structures ● Vertebra:back bone ● Cranium:Top of skull ● Tendon:Strong connective tissue fibers that connect muscle to bone ● Joint:Area where two bones meet ● Phalanges:Fingers and toes Diseases/disorders ● Arthritis:inflammation in the joints ● Bone cancer:cancer in the bones ● Tendonitis:inflammation of the tendons ● Bone fractures:A complete or partial break of the bone Careers ● Physical therapist:help improve or manage pain after an injury ● Chiropractor:treat neck or back pain Vocab my/o,myel/o,oset/0,crain/o,arthr/0,cost/o,pexy,kinesi/o,chond r/o,cost/

Nervous Function:system of nerves that transmit impulses throughout your body Structures ● Central nervous system:consists of your brain and spinal cord ● Peripheral nervous system:All the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and the spinal cord ● Nerves:structures which carry information between your body and CNS ● Neuron:A nerve cell that transfers messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy Diseases and Disorders ● Concussion:traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head ● Parkinson’s disease:A disease linked to dopamine production and causes slow movement and shaking at rest. ● Alzheimer's disease:deterioration of the memory thinking and reasoning ● Multiple sclerosis:A disease in which the immune system eats away the protective covering of the nerves Careers ● Neuroscientist:studies the nervous system ● Neurological surgeon:Performs surgery on nervous system parts Vocab 1. Neuro=nerves 2. Encephal/o=brain 3. myel/o=spinal cord 4. ambul/o=to walk 5. meaning/o=meninges 6. psycho=Mind 7. concuss/o=shaking together 8. Aliga-pain 9. Itis-inflammation 10. malacia-softening

Special senses Function:detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into electrical impulses. These are then conveyed along sensory neurons to the central nervous system, where they are integrated and processed, and a response is produced. Structures ● Eyes:allow to see ● Ears:to hear ● Tongue:to taste ● Nose:allows smell Disorder ● Blindness:decreased ability to see ● deafness :decreased ability to hear ● Ptosis:Drooping of the upper eyelid ● Cataracts:clouding of the lens of the eye Professions ● Opthamologist:medical doctor who specializes in eye and vision ● Otolaryngologist :doctor specializing in ears,nose and throats Key terms: ● Cusis:hearing issue ● irid/o:iris ● Opia-condition of sight ● Metry:measuring ● Opthalmo:eye ● Tympan:eardrum ● corne/o:corne ● pupil/o:pupil ● glauc/o:gray ● goin/o:angle

Cardiovascular Function :pumps and circulates blood through the body also transports nutrients Structures:Arteries:carry blood through the body Veins:carry blood back to the heart Heart:pumps blood throughout the body Arteries:Blood vessels that deliver oxygen Diseases -Cardiac arrest: Abrupt loss of heart function in a person Hypertension:High blood pressure Stroke:Sudden interruption of the blood supply in the brain High blood pressure:blood against your artery walls is high enough to cause health Careers-Cardiologists:medical doctors who specialize in the study of the heart Cardiovascular surgeons:Surgeons who specialize in surgery in the organs that are part of the cardiovascular system Key terms steth:chest,thromb:clot,coron:heart,cardi:heart,valve:valvue,ole:small,Ule:small,Atrei:ateri,Agrni:Vessel

Respiratority Function:System takes in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide Structures: ● Lungs:takes in oxygen and releases co2 ● Diaphragm:Muscle between chest and abdomen it contracts/relaxes for breathing ● Pharynx:throat ● epiglottis:Prevents food from going to wrong way Diseases and disorders ● Influenza:viral infection of the upper or lower part of the respiratory tract ● Pneumonia:Inflammation and consolidation of the lung tissue ● Asthma:A condition in which someone's airways become inflamed with mucus ● Lung cancer:Cancer that origins in the lungs and slowly damages the lungs Careers ● Respiratory therapist: Diagnosis breathing problems and suggests treatment options to patients ● pulmonologist :specializes in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases 1. nas/o=nose Vocab?Key terms 2. rhin/o=nose 3. palat/o=palate 6. Bronch/o=bronchi 4. sin/o=sinus 7. lob/o=lobe 5. apic/o=apex 8. ox/i=oxygen 9. ation=process 10. pnea=breathing

Urinary system function :system that removes waste from the system Structures ● Urinary bladder: hollow sac that hold urine ● Urethra:tube leading from the bladder outside of the body ● Ureter:Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder ● Renal pelvis:central collecting region in the kidney ● Kidneys:extract waste from blood,balance body fluids,and form urine ● Nephron:filters waste in the kidney Diseases and disorders ● Kidney stone:Hard pieces that can be anywhere in the urinary tract ● Bladder cancer: Cancer of the lining of the bladder ● urethritis:Inflammation in the urethra ● Kidney disease:long standing of the kidneys leading to kidney failure Careers ● Nephrologist;Doctor speacilizing in conditions of the kidneys ● Urologist:Specializes in diseases and disorders of the urinary tract Key terms 1. cysto/o=bladder 7. Ureter/o=Ureter 2. lith/o=stone 8. Uria=urine 3. ur/o=urinary 9. cele=tumor 4. Pexy=surgical fixation 10. tripsy=to crush 5. tripsy=to crush 6. dis=complete

Digestive system Function:Converts food into basic nutrients,and nutrients for the body Structures ● Small intestine:The longest part of the alimentary canal ● Gallbladder: Stores bile ● Esophagus:Tube that contains the mouth of the stomach ● pharynx:Throat ● Stomach:digests food with acidic juices Diseases ● Cirrhosis:degenerative disease of the liver ● Gallstones:hard deposits that form in the bladder ● Stomach virus:An intestinal infection marked by diarrhea,cramps ● IBS:an intestinal disorder that causes pain in the stomach and gas Careers ● Gastrologist:Specializes in the diseases of the digestive system. ● proctologist: Physician specializing in disease of the rectum and anus Key terms 1. Aliga=pain 2. amyl/o=starch 3. gastr/o=stomach 4. dys=bad 5. hyper=above 6. ot/o=ear 7. gingiv/o=gum 8. cardi/o=heart 9. labi/o=lips 10. cheil/o=lips

Reproductive system Function:Work only to reproduce and produce offspring Structures ● Gonads:Primary sex organs ● Testes:male gonads that produce sperm ● Gamets:sex cells produced by the gonads ● Penis:designed to deliver sperm inside the female reproductive system ● Urethra:the last portion of the male duct system ● Vagina:Thin-walled tube.It is between bladder and the rectum ● Ovaries:The female gonads ● Uterus:Womb nourishes a fetus Diseases/disorders ● Azoospermia:lack of sperm ● Ovarian cancer:cancer of the ovary ● Hiv?Aids:Interfere the body to help fight infection ● sStds:Transmitted through sexual intercourse Professions ● Gynecologist:diagnosis and treats conditions of the female reproductive system ● andrologist: Treats the male reproductive system and male urogenital system Key terms 1. Vagin/o=vagina 2. uter/o=uterus 3. ovari/o=ovary 4. vulv/o=vulva 5. Metro:measure 6. Cervix:neck 7. top/o=place 8. 0/0=egg 9. men/o=month 10. lapar:wall